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Academic literature on the topic 'Mdd3'

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Published: 26 July 2024
Last updated: 28 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Mdd3"

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Homorogan, Claudia, Diana Nitusca, Virgil Enatescu, Philip Schubart, Corina Moraru, Carmen Socaciu, and Catalin Marian. "Untargeted Plasma Metabolomic Profiling in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder Using Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Mass Spectrometry." Metabolites 11, no. 7 (July 20, 2021): 466. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo11070466.

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Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a neuropsychiatric illness with an increasing incidence and a shortfall of efficient diagnostic tools. Interview-based diagnostic tools and clinical examination often lead to misdiagnosis and inefficient systematic treatment selection. Diagnostic and treatment monitoring biomarkers are warranted for MDD. Thus, the emerging field of metabolomics is a promising tool capable of portraying the metabolic repertoire of biomolecules from biological samples in a minimally invasive fashion. Herein, we report an untargeted metabolomic profiling performed in plasma samples of 11 MDD patients, at baseline (MDD1) and at 12 weeks following antidepressant therapy with escitalopram (MDD2), and in 11 healthy controls (C), using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization-quadrupole-time of flight-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-(ESI+)-MS). We found two putative metabolites ((phosphatidylserine PS (16:0/16:1) and phosphatidic acid PA (18:1/18:0)) as having statistically significant increased levels in plasma samples of MDD1 patients compared to healthy subjects. ROC analysis revealed an AUC value of 0.876 for PS (16:0/16:1), suggesting a potential diagnostic biomarker role. In addition, PS (18:3/20:4) was significantly decreased in MDD2 group compared to MDD1, with AUC value of 0.785.
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FALCONE, D. "QUARK MASS MATRICES AND OBSERVABLE QUANTITIES." Modern Physics Letters A 14, no. 29 (September 21, 1999): 1989–2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732399002054.

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A nearly historical account of quark mass matrix models is given, and the structure of quark mass matrices in the standard model is studied. For a minimal parameter basis suggested earlier, where Mu is diagonal and Md11, Md13, Md31 are zero, the dependence of mass matrices on the CP violating phase δ of V CKM is reported: all parameters are almost independent, except Md22 and Md23, and the equality |Md22| = Md23 is obtained for a value of δ very close to the value which is favored by experiments. Moreover, on this basis, Md12≃Md21 and Md33≃2Md32. Some comments on mass matrices in left–right symmetric models are added.
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Hanuschak, J., M. P. Louis-Auguste, G. De Palma, E. Verdu, R. Anglin, M. Surette, S. M. Collins, and P. Bercik. "A50 TRANSFER OF DEPRESSIVE-LIKE PHENOTYPE TO GNOTOBIOTIC MICE DEPENDS ON MICROBIAL FEATURES SPECIFIC TO INDIVIDUAL PATIENTS." Journal of the Canadian Association of Gastroenterology 3, Supplement_1 (February 2020): 59–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jcag/gwz047.049.

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Abstract Background Major depressive disorder (MDD) affects approximately 4.4% of the global population. Despite its high prevalence, little is known about the mechanisms underlying this disorder. Recent studies in both humans and rodents have suggested that the intestinal microbiota may play a role in depression. Altered microbiota composition has been found in a subset of MDD patients. Preclinical studies have suggested that fecal microbiota transplant using pooled MDD patient samples can induce depressive-like behaviour in rodents. We have previously shown that the use of different microbiota donors with irritable bowel syndrome results in the induction of different phenotypes in recipient mice. Thus, we have hypothesized that pooling microbiota samples abrogates features that are unique to individual donors. Aims (1) Investigate whether the transfer of individual MDD patient microbiota can induce depressive-like behaviour in germ-free (GF) mice (2) Identify features of individual MDD patient microbiota that are associated with the depressive-like phenotype Methods GF NIH Swiss mice of both sexes (min. n=10 per group, total n=110) were colonized with either fecal microbiota from a single donor, MDD patient (MDD1-4) or matched healthy control (HC1-4), or pooled fecal microbiota from MDD1-4 or HC1-4. Mouse behaviour was assessed, using the open field test, three chamber sociability assay, tail suspension test, and sucrose preference test. Stool samples were collected throughout the experiment for 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Results Mice colonized with microbiota from patient MDD1 exhibited depressive-like behaviour, as assessed by the sucrose preference test and sociability assay, when compared to mice colonized with HC1 microbiota. This was not true for mice colonized with individual microbiota from the other three patients (MDD2-4) or with pooled MDD microbiota. Comparative analysis of the 16S data revealed a significant difference in Faith’s Phylogenetic Diversity between MDD1 microbiota and pooled MDD microbiota. Four bacterial species were found to be significantly associated with the depressive-like phenotype in mice: Bacteroides acidifaciens, Bacteroides ovatus, unclassified species of Phascolarctobacterium (Veillonellacae family), and Eggerthella lenta. The relative abundances of these species did not differ significantly between the two pooled groups. Conclusions Microbiota from some, but not all, MDD patients can induce a depressive-like phenotype in GF mice. The ability to induce depressive-like behaviour in GF mice is lost when microbiota from multiple patients is pooled. Specific bacterial species may be responsible for the successful transfer of the depressive-like phenotype to mice. Funding Agencies NIH
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Han, Wen Yang, Si Xin Yu, and Jin Cheng Wei. "Application of Muti-Depth Deflectometer in Flexible Pavement." Applied Mechanics and Materials 530-531 (February 2014): 221–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.530-531.221.

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This article introduces the application of the MDD(Multi-depth Deflectometer) in the asphalt concrete concrete pavement. By analyzing its work principle, MDD was calibrated to get the real response of the pavement structure and reveals its true condition. It also introduces the details of the MDDS installation and illustrates the analysis of the typical response date, which is helpful for the further application of MDD in the asphalt concrete pavement design.
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Perez, Guillaume, Steve Malalel, Gael Glorian, Victor Jung, Alexandre Papadopoulos, Marie Pelleau, Wijnand Suijlen, Jean-Charles Régin, and Arnaud Lallouet. "Generalized Confidence Constraints." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 37, no. 4 (June 26, 2023): 4078–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v37i4.25523.

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In robust optimization, finding a solution that solely respects the constraints is not enough. Usually, the uncertainty and unknown parameters of the model are represented by random variables. In such conditions, a good solution is a solution robust to most-likely assignments of these random variables. Recently, the Confidence constraint has been introduced by Mercier-Aubin et al. in order to enforce this type of robustness in constraint programming. Unfortunately, it is restricted to a conjunction of binary inequalities In this paper, we generalize the Confidence constraint to any constraint and propose an implementation based on Multi-valued Decision Diagrams (MDDs). The Confidence constraint is defined over a vector of random variables. For a given constraint C, and given a threshold, the Confidence constraint ensures that the probability for C to be satisfied by a sample of the random variables is greater than the threshold. We propose to use MDDs to represent the constraints on the random variables. MDDs are an efficient tool for representing combinatorial constraints, thanks to their exponential compression power. Here, both random and decision variables are stored in the MDD, and propagation rules are proposed for removing values of decision variables that cannot lead to robust solutions. Furthermore, for several constraints, we show that decision variables can be omitted from the MDD because lighter filtering algorithms are sufficient. This leads to gain an exponential factor in the MDD size. The experimental results obtained on a chemical deliveries problem in factories – where the chemicals consumption are uncertain – shows the efficiency of the proposed approach.
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Bergman, D., A. A. Cire, and W. Van Hoeve. "MDD Propagation for Sequence Constraints." Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 50 (July 28, 2014): 697–722. http://dx.doi.org/10.1613/jair.4199.

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We study propagation for the Sequence constraint in the context of constraint programming based on limited-width MDDs. Our first contribution is proving that establishing MDD-consistency for Sequence is NP-hard. Yet, we also show that this task is fixed parameter tractable with respect to the length of the sub-sequences. In addition, we propose a partial filtering algorithm that relies on a specific decomposition of the constraint and a novel extension of MDD filtering to node domains. We experimentally evaluate the performance of our proposed filtering algorithm, and demonstrate that the strength of the MDD propagation increases as the maximum width is increased. In particular, MDD propagation can outperform conventional domain propagation for Sequence by reducing the search tree size and solving time by several orders of magnitude. Similar improvements are observed with respect to the current best MDD approach that applies the decomposition of Sequence into Among constraints.
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De Letter, Els A., Willy E. Lambert, Marie-Paule L. A. Bouche, Jan A. C. M. Cordonnier, Jan F. Van Bocxlaer, and Michel H. A. Piette. "Postmortem distribution of 3,4-methylenedioxy-N,N-dimethyl-amphetamine (MDDM or MDDA) in a fatal MDMA overdose." International Journal of Legal Medicine 121, no. 4 (April 25, 2006): 303–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00414-006-0094-x.

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Erdol, Sahin, and Halil Saglam. "Outcomes of mitochondrial derived diseases: a single-center experience." Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism 31, no. 4 (March 28, 2018): 399–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jpem-2017-0405.

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AbstractBackground:The purpose of this study is to help elucidate which part of the mitochondria is causing a problem through anamnesis, physical examination, and routine biochemical tests in the event of a suspected mitochondrial disease case.Methods:The data were obtained retrospectively from the medical records of 75 cases; the mitochondrial-derived disease (MDD) cases were observed in our center from 2011 to 2017.Results:The most commonly observed MDDs were oxidative phosphorylation disorders at 44%, followed by fatty acid oxidation disorder at 40%, pyruvate metabolism disorder at 12%, and ketone metabolism disorder at 4%, respectively. The most common clinical presentation at the time of referral to the hospital was metabolic acidosis (20%), and the most common symptom was respiratory distress (24%). There were abnormal findings in 84.3% of the cases subjected to cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), with the most common being hyperintensity in the bilateral basal ganglia (49.0%).Conclusions:Anamnesis, physical examination, and simple laboratory data could provide some important clues in assessing MDD. Blood gas should definitely be measured in cases with respiratory symptoms, particularly if they have a history of consanguineous marriage or a sibling suffering from a similar disease. If metabolic acidosis exists in the blood gas, MDDs should absolutely be included in the differential diagnosis. Furthermore, ophthalmic and cardiac assessment and cranial MRI will also reveal significant data for diagnosing MDDs.
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Aubol, Kevin G., Jillian L. Hawkins, and Clare E. Milner. "Tibial Acceleration Reliability and Minimal Detectable Difference During Overground and Treadmill Running." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 36, no. 6 (December 1, 2020): 457–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.2019-0272.

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Measurements of tibial acceleration during running must be reliable to ensure valid results and reduce errors. The purpose of this study was to determine the reliability and minimal detectable difference (MDD) of peak axial and peak resultant tibial acceleration during overground and treadmill running. The authors also compared reliability and MDDs when peak tibial accelerations were determined by averaging 5 or 10 trials. Tibial acceleration was measured during overground and treadmill running of 19 participants using a lightweight accelerometer mounted to the tibia. Peak axial and peak resultant tibial accelerations were determined for each trial. Intraclass correlation coefficients determined within-session reliability, and MDDs were also calculated. Within-session reliability was excellent for all conditions (intraclass correlation coefficients = .95–.99). The MDDs ranged from 0.6 to 1.4 g for peak axial acceleration and from 1.6 to 2.0 g for peak resultant acceleration and were lowest for peak axial tibial acceleration during overground running. Averaging 10 trials did not improve reliability compared to averaging 5 trials but did result in small reductions in MDDs. For peak axial tibial acceleration only, lower MDDs indicate that overground running may be the better option for detecting small differences.
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Imada, Mizuho. "Distribution of sentence length and dependency distance in children’s compositions: Characteristics of natural language and variations in language development." F1000Research 12 (April 11, 2023): 379. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.132383.1.

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This study analyzed the distribution of the sentence length and mean of dependency distances (MDD) in Japanese sentences, comparing data from random sources with that obtained from children's compositions, and identifying changes in distribution according to grade level. Findings reveal that the sentence length in random data is well suited to a geometric distribution, whereas MDD is well suited to a lognormal distribution. In contrast, data from children's compositions show a shift in the distribution of the number of clauses from a lognormal to a gamma distribution, depending on the school year, with MDD suiting a gamma distribution. Mean MDD increases exponentially with the logarithm of the number of clauses in random data, while it increases linearly in composition data, thus generally supporting previous findings that dependency distances are optimized in natural language. However, MDDs exhibit non-monotonic changes with grades, suggesting the complexity of children's language development.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Mdd3"

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Arndt, Bruno Felipe. "MME-MDD : um método para manutenção e evolução de sistemas baseados no MDD." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/8503.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Model-Driven Development (MDD) is proposed to reduce the semantic gap between problem and solution/implementation domains. Some tools are used, and the code generator is commonly used in this context. These generators are often implemented using templates. A Reference Implementation (RI) favoring the development/ maintenance of software facilitates this implementation’s types. However, RI requires a code migration process which consists in artifacts’ synchronization, and it is responsible for 20% to 25% of the time spent on development. The literature has no describe automatic solutions, but the group that this reaserch was included has develop tools that automate this process and reduce the time spent on some tasks. But each task has a different performance in relation to time spent, so automation of some tasks can be disadvantageous. Few reports describe such tasks and which ones are capable of automatic code migration. The aim of this study is to investigate the maintain and evolution process to identify and describe the types of maintain and evolution tasks that are essentially. Based on this study, a method (MME-MDD) that drives the developer during that proccess to guide the developer during the realization of each task, with the aim to maximize the benefits of this approach. The MME-MDD was validated by a case study and a empirical study and the method showed effective in most of tasks. In addition, studies show that using the proposed method brought a gain in the quality of the source code.
O MDD (Model-Driven Development) tem como proposta a redução da distância semântica entre os domínios problema e solução/implementação. Para isso, são utilizadas algumas ferramentas, sendo o gerador de código comumente usado neste contexto. Os geradores de código são frequentemente implementados com a utilização de templates. Para facilitar este tipo de implementação, usualmente é empregado uma Implementação de Referência (IR), favorecendo a evolução/ manutenção do software. Contudo, a IR traz a necessidade do processo de migração de código, que consiste na sincronização entre o seu código-fonte e os templates, sendo que este é responsável por 20 a 25% do tempo gasto no desenvolvimento. Na literatura não há relatos de solução automatizada, mas o grupo no qual esta pesquisa se insere vem desenvolvendo ferramentas que automatizam este processo e reduzem o tempo aplicado em algumas tarefas testadas. Porém, cada tarefa tem um desempenho diferente em relação ao tempo gasto e, portanto, a automação de algumas tarefas pode ser desvantajosa. Existem poucos relatos na literatura descrevendo tais tarefas e quais são os passos necessários para realizá-las. O objetivo deste estudo foi a investigação do processo de manutenção e evolução de sistemas baseados em MDD com a finalidade de identificar e descrever os tipos de tarefas de manutenção e evolução. Com base nesse estudo, foi elaborado o método MMEMDD que conduz o desenvolvedor durante o processo de manutenção e evolução de sistemas, visando guiar o desenvolvedor durante a realização de cada um dos tipos de tarefas, com o intuito de maximizar os benefícios da utilização dessa abordagem. O método foi validado por meio de um estudo de caso e um estudo experimental, sendo que o método se mostrou efetivo em grande parte das tarefas testadas. Além disso, os estudos apontaram que a utilização do método proposto trouxe ganho na qualidade do código-fonte.
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Alfaris, Anas (Anas Faris). "Emergence through conflict : the Multi-Disciplinary Design System (MDDS)." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/49718.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2009.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 413-430).
This dissertation proposes a framework and a group of systematic methodologies to construct a computational Multi-Disciplinary Design System (MDDS) that can support the design of complex systems within a variety of domains. The way in which the resulting design system is constructed, and the capabilities it brings to bare, are totally different from the methods used in traditional sequential design. The MDDS embraces diverse areas of research that include design science, systems theory, artificial intelligence, design synthesis and generative algorithms, mathematical modeling and disciplinary analyses, optimization theory, data management and model integration, and experimental design among many others. There are five phases to generate the MDDS. These phases involve decomposition, formulation, modeling, integration, and exploration. These phases are not carried out in a sequential manner, but rather in a continuous move back and forth between the different phases. The process of building the MDDS begins with a top-down decomposition of a design concept. The design, seen as an object, is decomposed into its components and aspects, while the design, seen as a process, is decomposed into developmental levels and design activities. Then based on the process decomposition, the architecture of the MDDS is formulated into hierarchical levels each of which comprises a group of design cycles that include design modules at different degrees of abstraction. Based on the design object decomposition, the design activities which include synthesis, analysis, evaluation and optimization are modeled within the design modules.
(cont.) Subsequently through a bottom-up approach, the design modules are integrated into a data flow network. This network forms MDDS as an integrated system that acts as a holistic structured functional unit that explores the design space in search of satisfactory solutions. The MDDS emergent properties are not detectable through the properties and behaviors of its parts, and can only be enucleated through a holistic approach. The MDDS is an adaptable system that is continuously dependent on, and responsive to, the uncertainties of the design process. The evolving MDDS is thus characterized a multi-level, multi-module, multi-variable and multi-resolution system. Although the MDDS framework is intended to be domain-independent, several MDDS prototypes were developed within this dissertation to generate exploratory building designs.
by Anas Alfaris.
Ph.D.
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Kwan, Tony 1972. "Structural and functional analysis of the mouse Mdr3 P-glycoprotein." Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=38069.

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Multidrug resistance in certain tumours in vivo and in cultured cells in vitro is caused by the overexpression of P-glycoprotein. Pgps are encoded by a small family of three genes in rodents (mdr1, mdr2, mdr3 ) and two in humans (MDR1, MDR2), and belong to the larger superfamily of ABC transporters, characterized by their ability to transport various substrates at the expense of ATP. Pgps are comprised of 12 transmembrane (TM) domains, some of which are involved in the binding of these drugs, and two intracellular nucleotide-binding (NB) domains that catalyze ATP hydrolysis. Communication occurs between these two regions as drug binding can significantly activate the ATPase activity, and the signalling is thought to occur through the highly conserved intracellular (IC) loops linking the individual TM domains. Using a random mutagenesis approach, mutations were identified in IC1 affecting both substrate specificity and drug-stimulated ATPase activity of Pgp. The finding that mutations in IC1 can modulate the activities of two separate and distinct regions supports the proposed role for the IC loops. Purification of Pgp mutants to a high degree allowed for the further biochemical characterization of selected mutants in IC1. The findings support a role for IC1 in signalling between the two regions: (1) from the TM domains to the NB sites to activate ATPase activity, and (2) in the opposite direction to effect drug release. The analysis of mutations in TM11 provides more support that this helix is involved in protein-substrate interactions and forms part of the drug-binding site. The formation and maintenance of an active drug-binding site through the proper organization and orientation of TM helices are critical to the function of Pgp. Despite the large body of functional data through the characterization of the many naturally occurring and genetically engineered mutants of Pgp, high-resolution structural information of the drug binding site and the overall structur
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Spencer, Erick. "Sequence and tissue expression of the ABCB4 (MDR3) gene in the canine." Online access for everyone, 2008. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Summer2008/e_spencer_072308.pdf.

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Basso, F?bio Paulo. "Features-oriented model-driven architecture : uma abordagem para MDD." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2006. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/5213.

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O desenvolvimento de software dirigido por modelos, com a MDA, requer o refinamento de modelos de sistemas, inicialmente especificados em alto n?vel e sem caracter?sticas de plataformas, em modelos dependentes de plataformas. A Model Driven Architecture (MDA) apresenta uma t?cnica de modelagem voltada para arquiteturas, em que ? necess?rio aplicar mapeamentos e transforma??es em modelos de sistemas para plataformas. Esse trabalho apresenta a abordagem FOMDA (Features-Oriented Model-Driven Architecture), que permite a desenvolvedores especificar modelos e gerenciar transforma??es adotando a t?cnica MDA. A abordagem FOMDA combina Modelos de Features e MDA em um ambiente onde desenvolvedores s?o habilitados para representar caracter?sticas atrav?s de features, mapeando-as para transforma??es que geram a aplica??o final. Este trabalho tamb?m apresenta um estudo de caso, que utiliza a abordagem FOMDA para auxiliar no desenvolvimento de um sistema de tempo real embarcado
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Basso, Fábio Paulo. "Features-oriented model-driven architecture: uma abordagem para MDD." Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10923/1520.

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The model driven software development with MDA requires the transformation of system models, initially specified in high-level and platform independent, into platform dependent models. The Model Driven Architecture (MDA) presents an architectural guided modeling technique, using mappings and transformations that must be applied in the system models according system platforms. This work presents the FOMDA (Features-Oriented Model-Driven Architecture) approach, to help developers specifying models and managing transformations using the MDA technique. The FOMDA approach combines Features Model and MDA in an environment where developers can represent system characteristics with features and map them to transformation code that is responsible to generate the final application. This work also presents a case study using FOMDA to assist the development on an embedded real-time system.
O desenvolvimento de software dirigido por modelos, com a MDA, requer o refinamento de modelos de sistemas, inicialmente especificados em alto nível e sem características de plataformas, em modelos dependentes de plataformas. A Model Driven Architecture (MDA) apresenta uma técnica de modelagem voltada para arquiteturas, em que é necessário aplicar mapeamentos e transformações em modelos de sistemas para plataformas. Esse trabalho apresenta a abordagem FOMDA (Features-Oriented Model-Driven Architecture), que permite a desenvolvedores especificar modelos e gerenciar transformações adotando a técnica MDA. A abordagem FOMDA combina Modelos de Features e MDA em um ambiente onde desenvolvedores são habilitados para representar características através de features, mapeando-as para transformações que geram a aplicação final. Este trabalho também apresenta um estudo de caso, que utiliza a abordagem FOMDA para auxiliar no desenvolvimento de um sistema de tempo real embarcado.
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Lepage, Pierre 1962. "Activation of the mouse mdr3 gene in multidrug resistant derivatives of the lymphoid tumor P388." Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=28822.

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In independently derived drug resistant sublines of the mouse lymphoid tumor P388, multidrug resistance (MDR) is associated with the exclusive overexpression of the mdr3 gene, which occurs either from a single copy gene (P388/VGR-10) or after gene amplification (P388/ADM-2). The mechanism underlying mdr3 overexpression in these cells was investigated. Nucleotide sequence analysis revealed the presence of several putative cis-regulatory elements in the genomic region overlapping the transcription start site of mdr3. However, the 5$ sp prime$ end of mdr3 mRNAs was shown to be altered in the MDR derivatives of P388, indicating that the normal start site is not used in these cells. In the two cell lines, these alterations are associated with a genomic rearrangement in the 5$ sp prime$ region of the gene caused by the insertion of retroviral sequences. In P388/ADM-2, the integration of an intracistemal A particle within an L1Md repetitive element immediately upstream of mdr3 results in the activation of the gene. In P388/VCR-10 cells, transcriptional activation of mdr3 is caused by the integration of an intact mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) within intron I in the opposite transcriptional (antisense) orientation compared to that of the gene. This integration results in the production of MMTV/mdr3 fusion transcripts from a cryptic promoter in the 5$ sp prime$ long terminal repeat (LTR) of the provirus. In transient transfection experiments, it was shown that the antisense 5$ sp prime$ LTR alone only weakly activates the reporter gene luciferase. However, addition of mdr3-derived sequences from intron I downstream of the 5$ sp prime$ LTR strongly activates the expression of luciferase, suggesting the presence of an activator/enhancer element in this region. These results and subsequent identification of independent genomic rearrangements in the 5$ sp prime$ region of mdr3 in additional MDR P388 derivatives analyzed in this study suggest a mechanism of gene activation i
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De, Vulpillieres Quitterie. "Rôle de l'extrémité C-terminale d'ABCB4/MDR3 : Interaction avec la protéine à domaines PDZ EBP50." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066038.

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ABCB4/MDR3 est le transporteur canaliculaire de la phosphatidylcholine. Il est exprimé à la membrane canaliculaire des hépatocytes et est essentiel à la sécrétion biliaire. Un défaut d’ABCB4 entraîne des pathologies hépatobiliaires, dont la PFIC3 (cholestase intrahépatique familiale progressive de type 3), caractérisée par une cholestase précoce qui progresse vers la cirrhose et l’insuffisance hépatique avant l’âge adulte. Dans la majorité des cas, la seule thérapie efficace est la transplantation hépatique. Cette thèse s’intéresse aux rôles de l’extrémité C-terminale dans la régulation de la stabilité et l’expression de ce transporteur au canalicule biliaire. Nous avons délété le motif Q-N-L de cette extrémité et montré que cette délétion affecte la stabilité d’ABCB4/MDR3 en augmentant son endocytose. Son interaction avec des protéines à domaines PDZ est alors étudiée. Nous avons montré une interaction par le motif Q-N-L avec la protéine à domaines PDZ, EBP50. Cette interaction est nécessaire pour l’expression canaliculaire et la stabilité du transporteur
ABCB4 is a phosphatidylcholine translocator specifically expressed at the bile canalicular membrane of hepatocytes. Mutations of the ABCB4 gene cause progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type 3 (PFIC3), a rare genetic disease characterized by early onset of cholestasis and evolution to cirrhosis and liver failure before adulthood. Little is known regarding the molecular mechanisms which control the canalicular expression and membrane stabilization of ABCB4 in hepatocytes. The aim of this work was to study the role of the C-terminal domain of ABCB4 for its expression and stability. potential interaction with EBP50, a PDZ protein highly expressed in hepatocytes. The experimental approach consisted in the deletion of the QNL motif at the C-terminus of ABCB4. The truncation of the QNL motif leds to a reduction of ABCB4 stability by increasing its endocytosis. ABCB4 co-precipitated with EBP50, an interaction that required the QNL motif. This interaction plays a critical role in the canalicular expression and stabilization of ABCB4
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Kluth, Marianne [Verfasser], Lutz [Akademischer Betreuer] Schmitt, and Anselmino Verena [Akademischer Betreuer] Keitel-. "Molekulare in vitro Analyse des humanen ABC Transporters MDR3 / Marianne Kluth. Gutachter: Verena Keitel- Anselmino. Betreuer: Lutz Schmitt." Düsseldorf : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1066815526/34.

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Prescher, Martin [Verfasser], Lutz [Gutachter] Schmitt, and Anselmino Verena [Gutachter] Keitel-. "In vitro characterization of the human ABC transporter MDR3/ABCB4 / Martin Prescher ; Gutachter: Lutz Schmitt, Verena Keitel- Anselmino." Düsseldorf : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1227038631/34.

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Books on the topic "Mdd3"

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Commissioner, India Office of the Registrar General &. Census. Census of India 2011: MDDS Code 2011 India. New Delhi: Office of the Registrar General, Govt. of India, 2011.

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Jean-Philippe, Babau, Champeau Joël, and Gérard Sébastien, eds. From MDD concepts to experiments and illustrations. London: ISTE, 2006.

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MdD: Modi di dire : lessico italiano delle collocazioni. Roma: Aracne, 2010.

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Russo, Domenico. MdD: Modi di dire : lessico italiano delle collocazioni. Roma: Aracne, 2010.

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Budiman, Hendra. Undang-undang MD3, grand design menuju kebangkitan neo Orba. Gejayan, Yogyakarta: Penerbit Pustaka Yustisia, 2015.

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service), ScienceDirect (Online, ed. MDDL and the quest for a market data standard: Explanation, rationale and implementation. Amsterdam: Butterworth-Heinemann, 2008.

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Green, Andrew J. A synchronous data analyzer for the Minimum Delay Data Format (MDDF) and Launch Trajectory Acquisition System (LTAS). Wallops Island, Va: Goddard Space Flight Center, 1987.

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Indonesia. Undang-Undang RI no. 17 tahun 2014 Tentang MPR, DPR, DPD, dan DPRD (MD3). Jakarta: CV. Cipta Media Indonesia, 2014.

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Klein, Andreas. Luftwaffe Phantoms: The MDD F-4F Phantom II in German Air Force service : 1973-1982. Erlangen: AirDOC, 2004.

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Klein, Andreas. Luftwaffe Phantoms: The MDD F-4F Phantom II in German Air Force service : 1982-2003. Erlangen: AirDOC, 2004.

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Book chapters on the topic "Mdd3"

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Oette, Mark, Marvin J. Stone, Hendrik P. N. Scholl, Peter Charbel Issa, Monika Fleckenstein, Steffen Schmitz-Valckenberg, Frank G. Holz, et al. "MDD Deficiency." In Encyclopedia of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, 1270. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-29676-8_6364.

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Bien, Christian G., Christian E. Elger, Ali R. Afzal, Sirajedin Natah, Ritva Häyrinen-Immonen, Yrjö Konttinen, George S. Zubenko, et al. "RE-MDD." In Encyclopedia of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, 1820. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-29676-8_7646.

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Perez, Guillaume, and Jean-Charles Régin. "MDDs: Sampling and Probability Constraints." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 226–42. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66158-2_15.

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Wiley, George A., Brian Steele, Salman Saeed, and Glenn Raskin. "Mobile Display Digital Interface (MDDI)." In Mobile Displays, 285–314. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470994641.ch10.

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Noetscher, Gregory, Peter Serano, Ara Nazarian, and Sergey Makarov. "Computational Tool Comprising Visible Human Project® Based Anatomical Female CAD Model and Ansys HFSS/Mechanical® FEM Software for Temperature Rise Prediction Near an Orthopedic Femoral Nail Implant During a 1.5 T MRI Scan." In Brain and Human Body Modelling 2021, 133–51. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15451-5_9.

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AbstractThis medical device development tool (MDDT) is categorized as a non-clinical assessment model (NAM). This MDDT is a computational modeling and simulation tool. It can predict heating of metallic orthopedic implants with the radio frequency (RF) electromagnetic fields in the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) coils while targeting a mid-aged and elderly female population primarily affected by osteoporosis and the associated bone fracture.This MDDT uses a high resolution anatomical female CAD (computer aided design) model coupled with the proven multiphysics finite element method (FEM) software (Ansys Workbench) to simulate the complete MRI environment. The environment is consisting of a tuned MRI coil with the given output power, detailed heterogeneous human model within the coil at the given landmark and a properly embedded metallic implant within the anatomical model to compute the extent of heating generated around the implant.Specifically, this MDDT is the in silico analog of an MRI scan for an elderly female subject with a metallic orthopedic implant at 1.5 T in a full-body birdcage RF coil.
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Bergman, David, Andre A. Cire, Willem-Jan van Hoeve, and John Hooker. "MDD-Based Constraint Programming." In Artificial Intelligence: Foundations, Theory, and Algorithms, 157–81. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42849-9_9.

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Barbier, Franck, and Jean-Luc Recoussine. "Model-Driven Development (MDD)." In Cobol Software Modernization, 109–33. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119073147.ch6.

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Ryu, Seung-Han, Byeong-Kwon Lee, and Hoe-Kyung Jung. "MDDI Protocol Implementation for Mobile System." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 823–33. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6516-0_91.

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Jung, Victor, and Jean-Charles Régin. "Efficient Operations Between MDDs and Constraints." In Integration of Constraint Programming, Artificial Intelligence, and Operations Research, 173–89. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-08011-1_13.

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Bin, Lu, Wang Ji, Niu Huan, Li Bo, and Ji Guangzhong. "Seismic Interferometry by Multi-Dimensional Deconvolution Free from Point-Spread Function." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 391–406. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-1748-8_35.

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AbstractSeismic interferometry (SI) can be used to reconstruct a pseudo-acquisition from response of a passive source, while the reconstructed data can be used to recover a portion of the model space that is different from that recovered by the inversion of original measurements. The SI by crosscorrelation requiring the seismic wave field to be evenly distributed, which limits the scope of application of this method. SI by multi-dimensional deconvolution (MDD) broken through the limitation that the wave field must be evenly distributed, but there are still some limitations in some special practices. Interferometric point-spread function (PSF), like the correlation function, is a necessary condition of the MDD method, but in some practices it cannot be derived from the field data. A new MDD method is proposed in this paper that free from PSF, and theoretically proved that it is equivalent to usual MDD. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this method with two numerical examples of one-sided illumination, and the source blurring phenomenon in the results of SI by crosscorrelation is effectively eliminated. The first numerical example is far-field one-side illumination, which can also be treated with the usual MDD, and the comparison of the results shows that the two MDD methods are equally effective. The second example is the near-field one-side illumination, and only the MDD method proposed in this paper can be used because the PSF cannot be obtained.
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Conference papers on the topic "Mdd3"

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Ostrovsky, Andrey S., and Alexandre I. Grebennikov. "Reconstructing the coherent-mode structure of illumination field from radiometric measurements." In Frontiers in Optics. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/fio.2003.mdd3.

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Brown, Robert T. "Laser-Assisted Selective Chemical Etching for Active Trimming of GaAs Waveguide Devices." In Integrated and Guided Wave Optics. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/igwo.1989.mdd3.

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In the fabrication of III-V integrated optic and microelectronic devices, there is a need for improved etching processes. As reported previously [1], laser-assisted wet chemical etching techniques have been developed for alloy-selective patterning of GaAs/AlGaAs layered structures. Such techniques are potentially very important for the fabrication of a large variety of hetero-structure devices. These techniques have utilized a CW dye laser tuned to a wavelength above the band edge of GaAs, but below that of the AlGaAs layer (e.g., a wavelength of 0.85 μm) to etch GaAs. Using the laser spot to spatially define the etched area, selectivities in excess of 100 for GaAs over Al.40Ga.60As were achieved at etch rates in excess of 2 μm/min. Typical etch features are shown in Fig. 1. The feature on the left corresponded to an etch time of 15 sec, while the feature on the right, illustrating high selectivity at the AlGaAs interface, corresponded to an etch time of 45 sec. Recent studies, with an arrangement similar to that in Fig. 1, have shown that etch selectivity can be achieved based on differences in doping level and doping type as well as on differences in chemical composition.
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Gindi, Gene R., and Arthur F. Gmitro. "Multilayer neural net and its optical implementation." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1986.mdd3.

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We present a neural net architecture that is organized as a hierarchical cascade of layers of simple threshold units. A node at layer k + 1 is connected to many nodes at layer k and thus asserts the existence of a subpattern at layer k. It is a well-known technique to cascade such layers in a compositional hierarchy so that the highest layer nodes assert the presence of complete patterns composed of many subpatterns. In our implementation, feedback links from higher to lower layers and intralevel inhibitory connections between competing subpatterns are included. If the net is driven by an appropriate iterative update scheme, it acts as an associative memory with the stored patterns as stable states. Such a structure is well suited for an optical implementation. It may be possible to decompose a given recognition task that requires space-variant connection patterns into a cascade of layers connected by space-invariant patterns. The space invariance allows 2-D node planes to be easily connected optically to other 2-D node planes. We propose an optical realization and discuss problems in the implementation of the threshold operation, the connection patterns, and the handling of negative values. Results of some simulations are presented.
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Koester, Charles J., Shyam M. Khanna, and Robert B. Tackaberry. "Scanning slit confocal microscope in ophthalmology and ear research." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1990.mdd3.

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For examination of cellular details within the cornea and in the cochlea, the microscope must strongly reject stray light reflected or scattered from out-of-focus planes. In the scanning-slit microscope this is accomplished by separating the illuminating and imaging light paths except in the vicinity of the object plane. This produces a theoretically higher rejection ratio than is possible with conventional pinhole confocal microscopes, in which the falloff follows the inverse-square law. Special dipping cones have been designed to permit examination at 0.53 N.A. with working distances as great as 6 mm, immersed. In the search phase of an experiment, the optical-section depth can be made large by means of the variable-width slits. Resolution is not sacrificed because image detail is preserved across the width of the slit. After the region of interest is located, the optical section can be reduced to the optimum value for best image contrast. The high efficiency of the slit system permits the use of a conventional white-light source.
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Wiederrecht, Gary P., Weining Wang, and Keith A. Nelson. "Multiple pulse femtosecond spectroscopy." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1992.mdd3.

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Multiple femtosecond excitation pulses have been used recently for increased control over molecular motion. Several developments in this direction will be discussed. For excitation pulse sequences with many (i.e., more than two or three) pulses, computer control over the generation of the pulse sequence is essential. It is important to be able to analyze the molecular of material response to a given pulse sequence and generate a new, optimized pulse sequence on the spot. Multi-element liquid crystalline masks can be used to do this. The analysis of material responses and design of new masks could be done by the human experimenter or, ideally, by computer. Real-time, single-shot femtosecond data acquisition is also essential for condensed materials in which the goal of multiple-pulse excitation is controlled chemical or structural change. Much current effort is directed toward gas-phase samples in which a buildup of reaction product can be avoided by continuously flowing new material into the irradiated region. Most applications will involve crystals, polymers, and other nonflowable media. Multiple femtosecond probe pulses can be used to collect all the necessary temporal information after just one excitation event. In this manner fundamental and applied experiments can be conducted on condensed-phase materials.
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Ho, Seng-Tiong. "Polarization-selective inhibited spontaneous emission of a quantum wire." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1991.mdd3.

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Inhibited spontaneous emission from excitons in semiconductors is an attractive phenomenon from the optical device point of view. We show that the spontaneous-emission rate for a quantum wire can be reduced by embedding a quantum wire of high refractive index in a bulk material of low refractive index. Furthermore, the reduction of the emission rate is strongly dependent on the polarization of emission. We show that the emission rate for the two polarizations perpendicular to the wire is proportional to the fifth power of the refractive-index ratio. However, the emission rate for the polarization parallel to the wire is only proportional to the first power of the refractive index ratio. For example, if we embed a quantum wire of n = 3.5 material in n = 1.5 bulk material, the emission rate for the two polarizations perpendicular to the wire is reduced by more than 50× over that an n = 3.5 bulk material. This makes the emission predominantly in the polarization parallel to the wire. Such a single-polarization emission would be useful in achieving low-threshold microcavity lasers.
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Amra, C., C. Grezes-Besset, and E. Pelletier. "Investigation of the origin of microroughness in multilayer coatings through variation in the degree of isotropy." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1989.mdd3.

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Scattering in optical multilayers is a current problem. These losses are essentially due to the interface roughnesses of the coatings, and it is therefore important, for minimization of scattering, to have a good knowledge of the origin of microroughness: substrate quality, effect of materials, conditions and techniques of production. Much work has been done but, because of the number of parameters, the conclusions are often difficult and always relative to integrated values (roughness, global scattering, mean section of angular scattering). We show that the use of a causal model together with isotropy degree variations permits a detailed investigation of microroughness and leads to clear conclusions.
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Loewenstein, M. "Nitrous oxide as a dynamic tracer in the 1987 airborne Antarctic ozone experiment." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1988.mdd3.

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In situ, N2O measurements were made using a laser absorption spectrometer, ATLAS, on twelve flights into the Antarctic vortex as well as on five transit flights outside the vortex region in Aug. and Sept. 1987 as part of the airborne Antarctic ozone experiment. Vertical profiles of N2O were obtained within the vortex on most of these flights and outside the vortex on several occasions. Flights into the vortex region show N2O decreasing southward between 53°S and 72°S latitude on constant potential temperature surfaces in the lower stratosphere. The data lead to two important conclusions about the vortex region: (1) The lower stratosphere in Aug./Sept. 1987 was occupied by old air, which had subsided several kilometers during the polar winter; (2) the N2O profile in the vortex was approximately in a steady state in Aug./Sept. 1987, which indicates that the spring upwelling, suggested by several theories, did not occur.
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Verhaeghe, Hélène, Christophe Lecoutre, and Pierre Schaus. "Compact-MDD: Efficiently Filtering (s)MDD Constraints with Reversible Sparse Bit-sets." In Twenty-Seventh International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-18}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2018/192.

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Multi-Valued Decision Diagrams (MDDs) are instrumental in modeling combinatorial problems with Constraint Programming.In this paper, we propose a related data structure called sMDD (semi-MDD) where the central layer of the diagrams is non-deterministic.We show that it is easy and efficient to transform any table (set of tuples) into an sMDD.We also introduce a new filtering algorithm, called Compact-MDD, which is based on bitwise operations, and can be applied to both MDDs and sMDDs.Our experimental results show the practical interest of our approach, both in terms of compression and filtering speed.
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Wu, Hao, Richard Fujimoto, Randall Guensler, and Michael Hunter. "MDDV." In the first ACM workshop. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1023875.1023884.

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Reports on the topic "Mdd3"

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Borzatti, J., K. A. Dorsey, and J. Sirmans. Mine Detonation Detection System (MDDS). Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada196830.

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Unterhalter, Elaine, and Charlotte Watts. MDG3 : promote gender equality and empower women. Institute of Education; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.35648/20.500.12413/11781/ii070.

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Vedder, Raymond James, and Robert Thomas Jubin. MDD Status Letter Report (AFCI CETE Milestone). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1042750.

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Luther, Erik Paul. Report on Characterization and Processing of MDD Powder. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1049345.

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Wendy, Disch. ESRI Nowcast October 2022. ESRI, October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.26504/ir1.

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Using the ESRI Nowcasting model currently employed to support the forecasting exercise in the Quarterly Economic Commentary, we will now update our forecast of modified domestic demand (MDD) on a monthly basis. Our nowcast estimates that MDD is expected to grow by 4.1 per cent in Q3 2022 on an annual basis, indicating some moderation from its growth of 10.2 per cent per annum in Q2 2022. On a monthly basis, MDD is estimated to be 4.0 per cent above its level from August 2021. Strong tax receipts, continued strength in the labour market and growth in industrial production are all contributing to growth. However, continued uncertainty in the global economy and elevated inflation rates have contributed to a decline in survey indicators, such as business and consumer sentiment, as well as slowdowns in retail sales. While growth of 4.1 per cent is strong on a historical basis, it is clear that MDD is moderating considerably from its peak of 14 per cent in February 2022.
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Deng, Yueying, and Albert A. Kruger. Dynamic (G2) Model Design Document, 24590-WTP-MDD-PR-01-002, Rev. 12. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1110827.

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Disch, Wendy. ESRI Nowcast (February 2023 Estimate). ESRI, April 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.26504/ir7.

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Using data available through 17 April 2023, we provide an update to our monthly estimate of modified domestic demand (MDD) using the ESRI Nowcasting model currently employed to support the forecasting exercise in the Quarterly Economic Commentary. MDD in February is estimated to be 3.7 per cent above its level in February 2022. Continued resilience in the labour market as well as growth in industrial production, retail sales and total tax revenue contributed to growth in economic activity in February. While economic sentiment remains below its level in February 2022, it has generally improved on a monthly basis. Due to improvements across many key indicators, we now estimate annual growth in modified domestic demand to be 3.2 per cent in Q1 2023.
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Disch, Wendy. ESRI Nowcast (Using data available through 14 December 2022). ESRI, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.26504/ir3.

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Using data available through 14 December 2022, we provide an update to our monthly estimate of modified domestic demand (MDD) using the ESRI Nowcasting model currently employed to support the forecasting exercise in the Quarterly Economic Commentary.
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McQuinn, Kieran, Conor O'Toole, Eoin Kenny, and Lea Hauser. Quarterly Economic Commentary, Winter 2023. ESRI, December 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.26504/qec2023win.

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Forecast Overview: While the underlying Irish economy as measured by modified domestic demand (MDD) continues to grow, it is clear that external sources of growth are slowing somewhat. Global conditions continue to moderate as households and firms in most Western economies are facing elevated costs of finance through higher interest rates. This has implications for the domestic economy given its small and open nature. However, the moderating impact on the Irish economy is compounded by the slowdown in growth rates experienced by sectors which have been central to the recent strong growth performance. Exports and investment levels in the domestic economy, for example, have registered negative growth rates in recent quarters principally due to the slowdown in multinational-related activities. Despite this, MDD is still growing at a consistent rate of approximately 0.6 per cent, and other indicators such as Exchequer receipts and the labour market variables all indicate resilient domestic growth. We expect MDD to grow at an average of 2 per cent in 2024. The recent Budget was a sizeable package with an additional expenditure level of approximately €14 billion being outlined for the coming year. While there were elements in the Budget which were laudable, overall the package was quite stimulatory and would have benefitted from being more targeted in nature. This is particularly the case given the persistence observed in the rates of CPI inflation. We now forecast that inflation will be 6.4 per cent in 2023 before falling to a still elevated rate of 2.9 per cent in 2024. A Special Article to the Commentary by Doorley et al. presents the annual distributional review of the impacts of the Budget. Doorley et al. conclude that the Budget left households across the income distribution better off by just over 2 per cent, with the lowest income quintile benefitting the most by 5 to 6 per cent of disposable income. They also note that policymakers should move away from the use of temporary measures to compensate households for the presence of inflation.
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LI, Peng, and Junjun Liu. Effect of statin therapy on moderate-to-severe depression: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.3.0016.

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Review question / Objective: We aim to assess the antidepressant effects of statin therapy among patients complicated with moderate to severe depression. Condition being studied: Depression is one of the major causes of disability worldwide, and major depressive disorders (MDD) contribute to a significant heavy disease burden, which is expected to be second by 2050, only to heart disease. Despite great improvement in therapy, the treatment efficacy remains low. Therefore, alternative therapies have been intensely investigated. A substantial body of researches have suggested that inflammation is one of the operative pathways between MDD and increased risk of somatic comorbidities, and some specific depressive symptoms. Depression occurs in most patients with cardiac and cerebrovascular disease due to the long-term effects, and depression increases the risk of cardiovascular disease in the population as a whole and in patients with coronary artery disease or stroke. Several observational studies have demonstrated reduced rates of depression among patients taking statins, which may be related to its anti-inflammatory effect. However, whether statin improves the depressive symptoms and its associated mechanism is still mixed. Furthermore, there is little evidence about statin treatment effect in those with moderate to severe depression. In addition, whether the effect of statin treatment on depressive symptom changes with time or is affected by baseline depression severity or percentage change of lipid levels has not been explored in previous studies.
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