To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: MDD.
Journal articles on the topic 'MDD'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'MDD.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Alvarez-Mon, Miguel A., Miguel A. Ortega, Cielo García-Montero, Oscar Fraile-Martinez, Guillermo Lahera, Jorge Monserrat, Ana M. Gomez-Lahoz, et al. "Differential malondialdehyde (MDA) detection in plasma samples of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD): A potential biomarker." Journal of International Medical Research 50, no. 5 (May 2022): 030006052210949. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03000605221094995.
Full textAbstract:
Objective To measure plasma levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), a marker of oxidative stress (OS), in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) compared with healthy control (HC) subjects in order to determine if it is a possible biomarker of depression. Methods This prospective cross-sectional study enrolled patients with MDD and HC subjects. The plasma levels of MDA were measured using a commercially-available colorimetric assay. Results A total of 30 patients with MDD and 20 HC subjects with similar sex, age and body mass index distribution were enrolled in the study. Patients with MDD had significantly higher plasma levels of MDA than the HC subjects. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis for plasma MDA levels in patients with MDD demonstrated an area under the curve of 0.9767. Conclusion The findings of this current study provide further evidence of the role pathophysiological relevance of OS and MDA in MDD. This study provides the basis for the use of MDA as a biomarker for MDD.
2
Hanuschak, J., M. P. Louis-Auguste, G. De Palma, E. Verdu, R. Anglin, M. Surette, S. M. Collins, and P. Bercik. "A50 TRANSFER OF DEPRESSIVE-LIKE PHENOTYPE TO GNOTOBIOTIC MICE DEPENDS ON MICROBIAL FEATURES SPECIFIC TO INDIVIDUAL PATIENTS." Journal of the Canadian Association of Gastroenterology 3, Supplement_1 (February 2020): 59–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jcag/gwz047.049.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Background Major depressive disorder (MDD) affects approximately 4.4% of the global population. Despite its high prevalence, little is known about the mechanisms underlying this disorder. Recent studies in both humans and rodents have suggested that the intestinal microbiota may play a role in depression. Altered microbiota composition has been found in a subset of MDD patients. Preclinical studies have suggested that fecal microbiota transplant using pooled MDD patient samples can induce depressive-like behaviour in rodents. We have previously shown that the use of different microbiota donors with irritable bowel syndrome results in the induction of different phenotypes in recipient mice. Thus, we have hypothesized that pooling microbiota samples abrogates features that are unique to individual donors. Aims (1) Investigate whether the transfer of individual MDD patient microbiota can induce depressive-like behaviour in germ-free (GF) mice (2) Identify features of individual MDD patient microbiota that are associated with the depressive-like phenotype Methods GF NIH Swiss mice of both sexes (min. n=10 per group, total n=110) were colonized with either fecal microbiota from a single donor, MDD patient (MDD1-4) or matched healthy control (HC1-4), or pooled fecal microbiota from MDD1-4 or HC1-4. Mouse behaviour was assessed, using the open field test, three chamber sociability assay, tail suspension test, and sucrose preference test. Stool samples were collected throughout the experiment for 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Results Mice colonized with microbiota from patient MDD1 exhibited depressive-like behaviour, as assessed by the sucrose preference test and sociability assay, when compared to mice colonized with HC1 microbiota. This was not true for mice colonized with individual microbiota from the other three patients (MDD2-4) or with pooled MDD microbiota. Comparative analysis of the 16S data revealed a significant difference in Faith’s Phylogenetic Diversity between MDD1 microbiota and pooled MDD microbiota. Four bacterial species were found to be significantly associated with the depressive-like phenotype in mice: Bacteroides acidifaciens, Bacteroides ovatus, unclassified species of Phascolarctobacterium (Veillonellacae family), and Eggerthella lenta. The relative abundances of these species did not differ significantly between the two pooled groups. Conclusions Microbiota from some, but not all, MDD patients can induce a depressive-like phenotype in GF mice. The ability to induce depressive-like behaviour in GF mice is lost when microbiota from multiple patients is pooled. Specific bacterial species may be responsible for the successful transfer of the depressive-like phenotype to mice. Funding Agencies NIH
3
Homorogan, Claudia, Diana Nitusca, Virgil Enatescu, Philip Schubart, Corina Moraru, Carmen Socaciu, and Catalin Marian. "Untargeted Plasma Metabolomic Profiling in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder Using Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Mass Spectrometry." Metabolites 11, no. 7 (July 20, 2021): 466. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo11070466.
Full textAbstract:
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a neuropsychiatric illness with an increasing incidence and a shortfall of efficient diagnostic tools. Interview-based diagnostic tools and clinical examination often lead to misdiagnosis and inefficient systematic treatment selection. Diagnostic and treatment monitoring biomarkers are warranted for MDD. Thus, the emerging field of metabolomics is a promising tool capable of portraying the metabolic repertoire of biomolecules from biological samples in a minimally invasive fashion. Herein, we report an untargeted metabolomic profiling performed in plasma samples of 11 MDD patients, at baseline (MDD1) and at 12 weeks following antidepressant therapy with escitalopram (MDD2), and in 11 healthy controls (C), using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization-quadrupole-time of flight-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-(ESI+)-MS). We found two putative metabolites ((phosphatidylserine PS (16:0/16:1) and phosphatidic acid PA (18:1/18:0)) as having statistically significant increased levels in plasma samples of MDD1 patients compared to healthy subjects. ROC analysis revealed an AUC value of 0.876 for PS (16:0/16:1), suggesting a potential diagnostic biomarker role. In addition, PS (18:3/20:4) was significantly decreased in MDD2 group compared to MDD1, with AUC value of 0.785.
4
Bowo, Prasetyo, Sumarmi Sumarmi, and Sri Hardiatmi. "PENERAPAN MACAM DAN DOSIS PUPUK ORGANIK TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TANAMAN GANDUM (Triticum aestivum L.)." Innofarm:Jurnal Inovasi Pertanian 21, no. 1 (November 27, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.33061/innofarm.v21i1.3311.
Full textAbstract:
Penelitian tentang “Penerapan macam dan dosis pupuk organik terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman Gandum (Triticum aestivum L.)’’ telah dilaksanakan tanggal 08 November 2018 sampai 31 januari 2019 di Green House Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Slamet Riyadi Surakarta. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menentukan pengaruh terbaik terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman gandum. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap yang terdiri dari 7 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan. Perlakuan : 1) MD0 = tanpa pupk (kontrol), 2) MD1= pupuk kandang dosis 200 g/polybag, 3) MD2 = pupuk kandang dosis 400 g/polybag , 4) MD3 = pupuk guano dosis 200 g/polybag, 5) MD4 = pupuk guano dosis 400 g/polybag, 6) MD5 = pupuk kascing dosis 200 g/polybag, 7) MD6 = pupuk kascing dosis 400 g/polybag. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa : 1) penerapan macam dan dosis pupuk organik berpengaruh terhadap tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, dan jumlah anakan, 2) penerapan macam dan dosis pupuk organik tidak berpengaruh terhadaap berat segar brangkasan, berat kering brangkasan, jumlah biji, berat biji, dan berat 100 biji, 3) macam dan dosis pupuk terbaik adalah MD2 (pupuk kandang dosis 400 g/polybag) karena dapat meningkatkan jumlah daun dan jumlah anakan.
5
Carabaza, Ana Moyeda, Mary Murimi, Alemneh Kabeta Daba, and Jessie Vipham. "Factors Associated With Recommended Complementary Feeding Practices Among Children in Sidama and Oromia Regions in Ethiopia." Current Developments in Nutrition 5, Supplement_2 (June 2021): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzab035_072.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Objectives To determine complementary feeding practices (CFP) among 6-to-23-month-old children and to identify associations between maternal and household characteristics with CFP. Methods Cross-sectional study conducted among rural communities located within the Sidama and Oromia regions in Ethiopia. Pairs of mothers and their children (N = 190) were randomly selected to participate in the survey. Data was collected using the WHO Infant and Young Child Feeding indicators, Household Food Insecurity Access Scale, and Knowledge on CFP. Multivariate logistic regressions were used to analyze factors associated with CFP. Results Most (87.4%) of the children achieved minimum meal frequency, while only 27.4% achieved minimum dietary diversity (MDD) and 26.8% minimum acceptable diet (MAD). Majority (80%) of the households were food insecure, with 40% of the households reporting severe food insecurity. Half (50.0%) of participating mothers showed poor levels of knowledge on CFP. Children of employed mothers were more likely to meet MDD (P = .014) and achieve MAD (P = .034). Furthermore, children of mothers that had adequate knowledge on the recommended CFP were more likely to achieve MDD (P < .001) and MAD (P < .001). In contrast, children living in households with an estimated annual income lower than $254 dollars were less likely to achieve MDD (P < .05) and MAD (P < .05). Similarly, children living in households with moderate to severe levels of food insecurity were less likely to achieve MDD (P = .003 and P = .012, respectively) and MAD (P = .005 and P = .023, respectively). Conclusions Complementary feeding practices were suboptimal in the Sidama and Oromia region in Ethiopia. Low household income and food insecurity seem to hinder the achievement of MDD and MAD, while maternal employment and knowledge on CFP contributed to a diversified and adequate diet among children. Thus, policies and interventions that target poverty, food insecurity, maternal unemployment, and nutrition education are necessary for the improvement of CFP. Funding Sources United States Agency for International Development (USAID) Bureau for Food Security as part of Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Livestock Systems.
6
Wormer, Jill R., Arti Shankar, Michael Boele Van Hensbroek, Ashna D. Hindori-Mohangoo, Hannah Covert, Maureen Y. Lichtveld, and Wilco C. W. R. Zijlmans. "Poor Adherence to the WHO Guidelines on Feeding Practices Increases the Risk for Respiratory Infections in Surinamese Preschool Children." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 20 (October 13, 2021): 10739. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182010739.
Full textAbstract:
Poor feeding practices in infants and young children may lead to malnutrition, which, in turn, is associated with an increased risk of infectious diseases, such as respiratory tract infections (RTIs), a leading cause of under-five mortality. We explored the association between RTIs and the WHO infant and young child feeding (IYCF) indicators: minimum dietary diversity (MDD), minimum meal frequency (MMF), and minimum acceptable diet (MAD), among infants and preschool children in Suriname. A validated pediatric food frequency questionnaire was used and data on RTIs, defined as clinical care for fever with respiratory symptoms, bronchitis, or pneumonia were obtained. Associations between feeding indicators and RTIs were explored using hierarchical logistic regression. Of 763 children aged 10–33 months, 51.7% achieved the MDD, 88.5% the MMF, and 46.5% the MAD. Furthermore, 73% of all children experienced at least one upper and/or lower RTI. Children meeting the MDD and MAD had significantly lower odds on RTIs (OR 0.53; 95%CI: 0.37–0.74, p < 0.001; OR 0.55; 95%CI: 0.39–0.78, p < 0.001, respectively). The covariates parity and household income were independently associated with RTIs. In conclusion, MDD and MAD were associated with (upper) RTIs. Whether these indicators can be used as predictors for increased risk for RTIs should be assessed in future prospective studies.
7
Puspitasari, Mardiana Dwi, and Maria Gayatri. "Indonesia Infant and Young Child Feeding Practice: The Role of Women’s Empowerment in Household Domain." Global Journal of Health Science 12, no. 9 (July 13, 2020): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v12n9p129.
Full textAbstract:
Previous studies showed the significant association between women’s empowerment and infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practice. Only around 40% of Indonesian children met adequate IYCF practice. Hence, each dimension of women’s empowerment in the household domain must be explored.
We carried out a dataset of the 2017 Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey, with samples of 4,880 mothers of reproductive age in a marriage relationship with their last-born child aged 6-23 months. Logistic regression was applied.
Mother with legal asset ownerships had lower odds of her child meeting (aOR: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.72, 0.95) minimum dietary diversity (MDD), (aOR: 0.75; 95% CI: 0.65, 0.87) minimum meal frequency (MMF) and (aOR: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.61, 0.90) minimum acceptable diet (MAD). Mother who could control her own earnings had higher odds of her child meeting MDD (aOR: 1.52; 95% CI: 1.32, 1.74) and MAD (aOR: 1.62; 95% CI: 1.34, 1.94). Employed mother had higher odds of meeting MMF (aOR: 1.58; 95% CI: 1.38, 1.82). Mother who did not approve of intimate partner violence was more likely to feed her child with MDD (1.39 times), MMF (1.41 times) and MAD (2.04 times). Mother with three or more parity had lower odds of her child meeting MDD (aOR: 0.81; 95% CI: 0.79, 0.93), MMF (aOR: 0.84; 95% CI: 0.72, 0.99) and MDD (aOR: 0.80; 95% CI: 0.65, 1.00).
Mother who did not approve towards domestic violence, was working, controlled her assets and had a maximum of two parity was associated with official IYCF recommendation.
8
Dou, Nan, Evaniya Shakya, Raphia Ngoutane, Roger Sodjinou, Christine Kaligirwa, Anne-Sophie Le Dain, Aashima Garg, et al. "Trends and Influencing Factors of Complementary Feeding Practices in Niger: An Analysis of National Surveys From 2000 – 2018." Current Developments in Nutrition 5, Supplement_2 (June 2021): 639. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzab045_021.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Objectives To examine the trends and influencing factors of suboptimal complementary feeding (CF) practices among children aged 6–23 months in Niger using national data from 2000 to 2018. Methods Using data from the 2000 Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey, 2012 Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS), and 2018 Standardized Monitoring and Assessment of Relief and Transitions survey in Niger, the trends and predictors of WHO-UNICEF CF indicators including timely introduction of complementary foods (INTRO), minimum meal frequency (MMF), minimum dietary diversity (MDD), and minimum acceptable diet (MAD) were estimated. Using the most completed data in CF and influencing factors (available from 2012 DHS), multilevel logistic regression models were applied to identify factors at the individual, household and community levels that were associated with meeting INTRO, MMF, MDD, and MAD. Results The weighted proportion of children aged 6–8 months meeting INTRO increased from 56.0% in 2000 to 84.4% in 2018. The weighted proportion of children meeting MMF (51.3% to 77.9%), MDD (9.8% to 14.2%), and MAD (5.6% to 10.9%) also increased between 2012 - 2018. At the individual level, children with mothers who were employed had higher odds of meeting all four indicators as compared to those whose mothers were unemployed. Older child age and maternal exposure to media were significantly associated with higher odds of meeting MMF, MDD, and MAD. Maternal education and child birth weight greater or smaller than average (reference) were positively associated with the odds of meeting MMF and MAD, and antenatal iron supplementation and currently breastfeeding were positively associated with the odds of achieving MDD and MAD. At the household level, the odds of meeting MMD and MAD were higher among children from wealthier households. At the community level, the odds of meeting INTRO and MMF were higher among children from communities with greater access to health services. Conclusions Despite the improvement in CF practices since 2000, only 10% of children from 6–23 months received minimum acceptable diets. Factors associated with CF were distributed across individual, household and community levels, suggesting the need for multi-level strategies to improve child nutrition in Niger. Funding Sources UNICEF West and Central Africa Regional Office (Grant # 43279190).
9
Carroll, Bernard J. "CAD-MDD." Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 75, no. 01 (January 15, 2014): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4088/jcp.13lr08758.
Full text
10
Scarpa, Giulia, Lea Berrang-Ford, Maria Galazoula, Paul Kakwangire, Didacus B. Namanya, Florence Tushemerirwe, Laura Ahumuza, and Janet E. Cade. "Identifying Predictors for Minimum Dietary Diversity and Minimum Meal Frequency in Children Aged 6–23 Months in Uganda." Nutrients 14, no. 24 (December 7, 2022): 5208. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14245208.
Full textAbstract:
Adequate complementary foods contribute to good health and growth in young children. However, many countries are still off-track in achieving critical complementary feeding indicators, such as minimum meal frequency (MMF), minimum dietary diversity (MDD) and minimum acceptable diet (MAD). In this study, we used the 2016 Ugandan Demographic Health Survey (UDHS) data to assess child feeding practices in young children aged 6–23 months. We assess and describe complementary feeding indicators (MMF, MDD and MAD) for Uganda, considering geographic variation. We construct multivariable logistic regression models—stratified by age—to evaluate four theorized predictors of MMF and MDD: health status, vaccination status, household wealth and female empowerment. Our findings show an improvement of complementary feeding practice indicators in Uganda compared to the past, although the MAD threshold was reached by only 22% of children. Children who did not achieve 1 or more complementary feeding indicators are primarily based in the northern regions of Uganda. Cereals and roots were the foods most consumed daily by young children (80%), while eggs were rarely eaten. Consistent with our hypotheses, we found that health status, vaccination status and wealth were significantly positively associated with MDD and MMF, while female empowerment was not. Improving nutrition in infant and young children is a priority. Urgent nutritional policies and acceptable interventions are needed to guarantee nutritious and age-appropriate complementary foods to each Ugandan child in the first years of life.
11
Vaghef-Mehrabani, Elnaz, Azimeh Izadi, and Mehrangiz Ebrahimi-Mameghani. "The association of depression with metabolic syndrome parameters and malondialdehyde (MDA) in obese women: A case-control study." Health Promotion Perspectives 11, no. 4 (December 19, 2021): 492–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/hpp.2021.62.
Full textAbstract:
Background: There is evidence for a bidirectional association between obesity and depression, and obesity is the main risk factor for metabolic syndrome (MetS). This study aimed to compare oxidative stress and MetS features between depressed and non-depressed obese women and study the association of depressive symptoms, oxidative stress, and components of MetS. Methods: In this case-control study conducted in Tabriz (East Azarbaijan, Iran), obese women (body mass index [BMI]: 30-40 kg/m2 ) with a primary diagnosis of major depressive disorder (MDD; based on diagnostic interview with a psychiatrist; n=75) and their age-matched non-depressed controls (n=150) were enrolled. Beck Depression Inventory-version II (BDI-II) was used to assess depressive symptoms in both groups. Anthropometric parameters, blood pressure, fasting blood sugar (FBS), lipid profile and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured. Results: No significant differences in anthropometric parameters and blood pressure were observed between the two groups. However, FBS of the MDD group was significantly higher than the control (P<0.05). FBS was significantly correlated with BDI-II scores (r=0.158, P=0.017). No significant difference in lipid profile was observed between the groups. Serum MDA level was significantly lower in the MDD group and was inversely associated with BDI-II scores (r=-0.328, P<0.001). Overall, MDD was not significantly associated with MetS in our study (OR=0.848, 95% CI: 0.484, 1.487; P=0.566). Conclusion: Although we found a correlation between higher depressive symptoms and some adverse metabolic outcomes, our findings do not support a significant association between MDD and MetS.
12
Jain, Ayushi, Muneer Kalliyil, and Satish Agnihotri. "Minimum Diet Diversity and Minimum Meal Frequency – Do They Matter Equally? Understanding IYCF Practices in India." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (May 29, 2020): 1012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa054_084.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Objectives Infant and Young Child Feeding practices, mainly, complementary feeding in children between 6 months and two years of age, is found to be sub-optimal and emerge as the weakest link in improving child nutrition outcomes in India. Minimum Acceptable Diet (MAD), comprising of two sub-indicator – Minimum Dietary Diversity (MDD) and Minimum Meal Frequency (MMF), serves as an essential indicator to understand the diet adequacy pattern in children. The objective of this study was thus to investigate the role of MDD-MMF dyad in influencing the nutritional outcomes in children and its pattern across regions in India. Methods Data was obtained from the National Family Health Survey – 4 (NFHS-4) from the DHS Program website. The prevalence of MMF and MDD was calculated for 640 districts in India. The MMF and MDD were classified into three categories - high, medium and low based on equal percentile distribution of their prevalence range. Districts with high MMF and high MDD formed one cohort. Similarly, eight other cohorts were created based on their performance on MMF and MDD indicator. The prevalence of Stunting (St), Wasting (Wa) and Underweight (Uw) in children between 6 months and two years of age was then calculated for each of the nine cohorts. The districts were also mapped based on their cohort category to study the variation across regions in India. Results All three anthropometric indicators – stunting, wasting and underweight showed significant decline moving across low MMF- low MDD cohort (40% St; 26.2% Wa; 37.1% Uw) to medium MMF – medium MDD cohort (38.6% St; 23.8% Wa; 35.4% Uw) to high MMF – high MDD cohort (29% St; 15.5% Wa; 19.2% Uw). Second, the importance of minimum dietary diversity in improving nutritional outcomes was revealed, as opposed to minimum meal frequency, which shows improvement only when it reaches a certain threshold. Third, mapping revealed sharp differences across various regions in MMF-MDD pattern, especially in the states like Odisha, Assam and Andhra Pradesh. States in the central region performed poorly on complementary feeding indicators, specifically diet diversity. Conclusions The study highlights the importance of optimal complementary feeding practices in improving nutrition outcomes and the need to consider the regional heterogeneities while promoting IYCF practices in India. Funding Sources None.
13
Reddy, A., Z. Mansuri, R. Vadukapuram, M. Thootkur, and C. Trivedi. "Does insomnia increase the risk of suicide in patients with major depressive disorders? national inpatient sample analysis." European Psychiatry 64, S1 (April 2021): S170—S171. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.453.
Full textAbstract:
IntroductionInsomnia is strongly associated with Major depressive disorders (MDD). There is strong evidence that it is one of the risk factor for suicide. Studies have shown the relationship of suicidal behavior in MDD patients with insomnia. However, it has not been evaluated in a large inpatient sample.ObjectivesTo evaluate suicidality in MDD patients with insomnia compared to those without insomnia.MethodsFrom the National Inpatient Sample (NIS 2006-2015) database using ICD-9 code, we obtained patients with the primary diagnosis of MDD and comorbid diagnosis of insomnia disorders (MDD+S). We compared it with MDD patients without insomnia disorders (MDD-S) by performing a 1:2 match for primary diagnosis code in the unweighted dataset. Suicidal ideation/attempt data were compared between the groups by multivariate logistic regression analysis.ResultsAfter the diagnostic code matching, 139061 patients were included in the MDD+S group and 276496 patients in the MDD- S group. MDD+S patients were older (47 years vs 45 years, p < 0.001) compared to the MDD-S group. Prevalence of Suicidal ideation/attempt was 56.0% in the MDD+S group and 42.0% in the MDD-S group (p < 0.001). After adjusting for age, sex, and race, MDD+S was associated with 1.8 times higher odds of suicidal behavior compared to the MDD-S group. (Odds ratio: 1.79, 95% confidence interval 1.68-1.91, p < 0.001).ConclusionsInsomnia in MDD patients is significantly associated with the risk of suicide. It is important to be watchful for insomnia in MDD patients.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
14
Sheikh, Nurnabi, Raisul Akram, Nausad Ali, SM Raysul Haque, Shabareen Tisha, Rashidul Alam Mahumud, Abdur Razzaque Sarker, and Marufa Sultana. "Infant and young child feeding practice, dietary diversity, associated predictors, and child health outcomes in Bangladesh." Journal of Child Health Care 24, no. 2 (June 3, 2019): 260–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1367493519852486.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this study was to explore the association of Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) practices with health and nutritional status among children aged 0–23 months and to investigate the predictors of minimum acceptable diets (MADs) using Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS) data. Binary logistic regression models were performed to assess the association between IYCF and child health and to determine the influential predictors for MAD. About 55% mothers reported exclusive breastfeeding; 65% introduced solid, semisolid, or soft foods for their child; and 27% maintained minimum dietary diversity (MDD). About 64% children received recommended minimum meal frequency (MMF) and 23% received recommended MAD. The likelihood of having wasting was .22 times lower for the child who received MDD and MMF, respectively. MDD and MAD were associated with lower probability of experiencing underweight among children (Adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = .73 and AOR= .81, respectively). Early initiation and continuation of breastfeeding were significantly associated with reduction in diarrhea prevalence among young children. The findings of the study generated imperative evidence related to dietary diversity, associated factors, and child health outcomes. Policy should focus on the improvement of IYCF practices and complimentary food diversity by taking initiatives for designing and implementing effective interventions to tackle childhood morbidity.
15
Fonseca, Francina, Joan-Ignasi Mestre-Pintó, Àlex Gómez-Gómez, Diana Martinez-Sanvisens, Rocío Rodríguez-Minguela, Esther Papaseit, Clara Pérez-Mañá, et al. "The Tryptophan System in Cocaine-Induced Depression." Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 12 (December 19, 2020): 4103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm9124103.
Full textAbstract:
Major depression disorder (MDD) is the most prevalent psychiatric comorbid condition in cocaine use disorder (CUD). The comorbid MDD might be primary-MDD (CUD-primary-MDD) or cocaine-induced MDD (CUD-induced-MDD), and their accurate diagnoses and treatment is a challenge for improving prognoses. This study aimed to assess the tryptophan/serotonin (Trp/5-HT) system with the acute tryptophan depletion test (ATD), and the kynurenine pathway in subjects with CUD-primary-MDD, CUD-induced-MDD, MDD and healthy controls. The ATD was performed with a randomized, double-blind, crossover, and placebo-controlled design. Markers of enzymatic activity of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase/tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase, kynurenine aminotransferase (KAT) and kynureninase were also established. Following ATD, we observed a decrease in Trp levels in all groups. Comparison between CUD-induced-MDD and MDD revealed significant differences in 5-HT plasma concentrations (512 + 332 ng/mL vs. 107 + 127 ng/mL, p = 0.039) and the Kyn/5-HT ratio (11 + 15 vs. 112 + 136; p = 0.012), whereas there were no differences between CUD-primary-MDD and MDD. Effect size coefficients show a gradient for all targeted markers (d range 0.72–1.67). Results suggest different pathogenesis for CUD-induced-MDD, with lower participation of the tryptophan system, probably more related to other neurotransmitter pathways and accordingly suggesting the need for a different pharmacological treatment approach.
16
Kennis, Mitzy, Arthur R. Rademaker, Sanne J. H. van Rooij, René S. Kahn, and Elbert Geuze. "Altered functional connectivity in posttraumatic stress disorder with versus without comorbid major depressive disorder: a resting state fMRI study." F1000Research 2 (December 30, 2013): 289. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.2-289.v1.
Full textAbstract:
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is an anxiety disorder that is often diagnosed with comorbid depressive disorder. Therefore, neuroimaging studies investigating PTSD typically include both patients with and without comorbid depression. Differences in activity of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and insula have been shown to differentiate PTSD patients with and without major depressive disorder (MDD). Whether or not comorbid MDD affects resting state functional connectivity of PTSD patients has not been investigated to our knowledge. Here, resting state functional connectivity of PTSD patients with (PTSD+MDD; n=27) and without (PTSD-MDD; n=23) comorbid MDD was investigated. The subgenual ACC and insula were investigated as seed regions. Connectivity between the subgenual ACC and perigenual parts of the ACC was increased in PTSD+MDD versus PTSD-MDD. Reduced functional connectivity of the subgenual ACC with the thalamus was found in the PTSD+MDD group versus the PTSD-MDD group. These results remained significant after controlling for PTSD severity. In addition, the PTSD+MDD group showed reduced functional connectivity of the insula with the hippocampus compared to the PTSD-MDD group. However, this cluster was no longer significantly different when controlling for PTSD severity. Thus, resting state functional connectivity of the subgenual ACC may distinguish PTSD+MDD from PTSD-MDD. As PTSD patients with comorbid MDD are more treatment resistant, this result may be important for treatment development.
17
Kim, Seon-Young, Seung-Jeon Kim, Jae-Min Kim, Sung-Wan Kim, Il-Seon Shin, Hyun-Jeong Shim, Sang-Hee Cho, Ik-Joo Chung, and Jin-Sang Yoon. "Prevalence and predictors of major depressive disorder in bereaved caregivers at 6 and 13 months." Palliative and Supportive Care 17, no. 03 (May 28, 2018): 300–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1478951518000366.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractObjectiveDepressive symptoms are common in bereaved caregivers; however, there have been few prospective studies using a structured interview. This study investigated the prevalence and preloss predictors of major depressive disorder (MDD) in bereaved caregivers of patients in a palliative care unit.MethodThis prospective cohort study collected caregiver sociodemographic and psychological data before the death of a palliative care unit patient, including MDD, care-burden, coping style, and hopeful attitude. Postloss MDD was assessed 6 and 13 months after death, and a multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify its predictors.ResultOf 305 caregivers contacted, 92 participated in this study. The prevalence of preloss MDD was 21.8%; the prevalences of postloss MDD were 34.8% and 24.7% at 6 and 13 months, respectively. Preloss MDD predicted postloss MDD at 6 months (odds ratio [OR] = 5.38, 95% confidence interval [CI95%] = 1.29, 22.43); preloss nonhopeful attitude and unemployment status of caregivers predicted postloss MDD at 13 months (OR = 8.77, CI95% = 1.87, 41.13 and OR = 7.10, CI95% = 1.28, 39.36, respectively).Significance of resultsApproximately 35% of caregivers suffered from MDD at 6 months postloss, but the prevalence of MDD decreased to about 25% at 13 months. Preloss MDD significantly predicted postloss MDD at 6 months, whereas hopeful attitude and unemployment at baseline were significantly associated with postloss MDD at 13 months.
18
Mansuri, Zeeshan, Abhishek Reddy, Ramu Vadukapuram, Mounica Thootkur, and Chintan Trivedi. "Does Insomnia Increase the Risk of Suicide in Hospitalized Patients with Major Depressive Disorder? A Nationwide Inpatient Analysis from 2006 to 2015." Behavioral Sciences 12, no. 5 (April 19, 2022): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bs12050117.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction. Insomnia is an important symptom associated with major depressive disorder (MDD). In addition, it is one of the risk factors for suicide. Studies have shown the relationship be-tween insomnia and suicidal behavior in patients with MDD. However, this association has not been evaluated in a large sample of hospitalized patients. Objectives. To evaluate the suicidal be-havior in MDD patients with insomnia compared to those without insomnia. Methods. From the National Inpatient Sample (NIS 2006–2015) database using the ICD-9 code, patients’ data were obtained with the primary diagnosis of MDD and comorbid diagnosis of insomnia disorders (MDD+I). These patients were compared with MDD patients without insomnia disorders (MDD–I) by performing a 1:2 match for the primary diagnosis code. Suicidal ideation/attempt da-ta were compared between the groups by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results. After the diagnostic code matching, 139061 patients were included in the MDD+I group and 276496 patients in the MDD–I group. MDD+I patients were older (47 years vs. 45 years, p < 0.001) com-pared to the MDD–I group. The rate of suicidal ideation/attempt was 56.0% in the MDD+I group and 42.0% in the MDD–I group (p < 0.001). After adjusting for age, sex, race, borderline personal-ity disorders, anxiety disorders, and substance use disorders, ‘insomnia’ was associated with 1.71 times higher odds of suicidal behavior among MDD patients admitted to the hospital. (Odds ratio: 1.71, 95% confidence interval 1.60–1.82, p < 0.001). Conclusions. Insomnia among MDD patients is significantly associated with the risk of suicide. MDD patients with insomnia need to be closely monitored for suicidal behavior.
19
Diallo, Mbaye Fall. "Image perçue et attitude envers les marques de distributeur dans les pays émergents : quelle modération de l’association du magasin à une enseigne locale ou internationale ?" Recherche et Applications en Marketing (French Edition) 35, no. 3 (May 4, 2020): 58–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0767370120905497.
Full textAbstract:
Dans cette recherche, nous étudions les effets de l’image perçue du magasin et de l’image prix perçue des marques de distributeur (MDD) sur l’attitude envers les MDD dans deux pays émergents en fonction de l’association du magasin à une enseigne locale ou internationale. Nous examinons spécifiquement le rôle médiateur des clés négatives (risque perçu) et positives (valeur perçue) associées aux MDD. L’étude est basée sur un échantillon de 1027 réponses collectées au Brésil et au Vietnam. Les hypothèses sont testées à l’aide des modèles d’équations structurelles. Les résultats mettent en évidence un effet direct positif de l’image prix perçue des MDD sur l’attitude envers les MDD. L’image du magasin a un effet indirect sur l’attitude envers les MDD. Le risque perçu envers les MDD a un effet médiateur significatif sur les relations entre l’image du magasin, l’image prix perçue des MDD et l’attitude envers les MDD. En revanche, la valeur perçue des MDD ne médiatise pas ces relations. De plus, l’association du magasin à une enseigne locale ou internationale modère l’effet de l’image du magasin et de l’image prix perçue des MDD sur l’attitude envers les MDD.
20
Vallius, Sanna, Heidi Taipale, Marjaana Koponen, Anna-Maija Tolppanen, Antti Tanskanen, Sirpa Hartikainen, and Miia Tiihonen. "Automated multi-dose dispensing in persons with and without Alzheimer’s disease—impacts on pharmacotherapy." European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 78, no. 3 (November 27, 2021): 513–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00228-021-03258-y.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Purpose We investigated the drug use before and after transition to automated multi-dose dispensing (MDD) service among persons with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and compared whether the changes were similar in persons without AD. Methods The register-based Finnish nationwide MEDALZ cohort includes 70,718 community-dwelling persons diagnosed with AD during 2005–2011. Each person who initiated MDD was matched in both groups with a comparison person without MDD by age, gender and for persons with AD, also time since AD diagnosis at the start of MDD. The study cohort included 15,604 persons with AD in MDD and 15,604 no-MDD, and 5224 persons without AD in MDD and 5224 no-MDD. Point prevalence of drug use was assessed every 3 months, from 1 year before to 2 years after the start of MDD and compared between persons in MDD to those who did not have MDD. Results MDD was started on average 2.9 (SD 2.1) years after AD diagnosis. At the start of MDD, the prevalence of drug use increased especially for antipsychotics, antidepressants, opioids, paracetamol and use of ≥ 10 drugs among persons with and without AD. Prevalence of benzodiazepine use (from 12% 12 months before to 17% at start of MDD), memantine (from 29 to 46%) and ≥ 3 psychotropics (from 3.2 to 6.0%) increased among persons with AD. Decreasing trend was observed for benzodiazepine-related drugs, urinary antispasmodics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Conclusion MDD seems to be initiated when use of psychotropics is initiated and the number of drugs increases.
21
Shakya, Evaniya, Nan Dou, Raphia Ngoutane, Anne-Sophie Le Dain, Aashima Garg, Stephen Kodish, Laura Caulfield, Laura Murray-Kolb, Muzi Na, and Denis Garnier. "Promising Trends of Complementary Feeding Practices in Côte D'lvoire: An Analysis of Nationally Representative Survey Data Between 1994–2016." Current Developments in Nutrition 5, Supplement_2 (June 2021): 687. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzab045_069.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Objectives Poor complementary feeding practices pose a major challenge for early childhood growth and development in Côte d'Ivoire, where more than 20% children under five suffer from stunting. We aimed to examine the trends and risk factors of suboptimal complementary feeding among children aged 6–23 months in Côte d'Ivoire. Methods We estimated the country-level prevalence, trends, and risk factors of four complementary feeding indicators: introduction of complementary foods (INTRO), minimum meal frequency (MMF), minimum dietary diversity (MDD), and minimum acceptable diet (MAD). Data was extracted from Demographic and Health Surveys (1994 to 2011) and Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (2000–2016) to estimate the complementary feeding indicators for children between 6 to 23 months in Côte d'Ivoire. Multilevel logistic regression models were used to identify factors associated with these complementary feeding indicators in 2016. Results On average, 59.2% of children aged 6–8 months achieved INTRO between 1994–2016. In 2016, the proportion of children aged 6–8 months meeting INTRO was 65.5% showing an increase of around 15 percentage points from 2006. Between 2011 – 2016, the proportion of children aged 6–23 months meeting MMF, MDD, and MAD also increased from 40.2% to 47.7%, 11.3% to 26.0%, and 4.6% to 12.5%, respectively. Child age (MDD, MAD), maternal education (INTRO), and breastfeeding status (MMF, MAD) were significantly and positively associated with achieving at least one of the complementary feeding practices: INTRO, MMF, MDD, and MAD. Higher household wealth was significantly associated with greater odds of achieving all four complementary feeding criteria compared to poorer households Conclusions Suboptimal complementary feeding practices remain a problem and disparities in complementary feeding still exist in Côte d'Ivoire. However, complementary feeding practices have improved in the past decade. Additional research is needed to understand the policy and programmatic efforts that may explain the promising trends of complementary feeding practices in Côte d'Ivoire. Funding Sources UNICEF West and Central Africa Regional Office and Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (Grant # 43279190).
22
Fernandez-Aranda, Fernando, Andrea Poyastro Pinheiro, Federica Tozzi, Maria La Via, Laura M. Thornton, Katherine H. Plotnicov, Walter H. Kaye, et al. "Symptom Profile of Major Depressive Disorder in Women with Eating Disorders." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 41, no. 1 (January 2007): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00048670601057718.
Full textAbstract:
Objective: Based on the well-documented association between eating disorders (EDs) and affective disorders, the patterns of comorbidity of EDs and major depressive disorder (MDD) were investigated. The temporal relation between EDs and MDD onset was analyzed to determine differences in the course and nature of MDD when experienced prior to versus after the onset of the ED. Method: Lifetime MDD and depressive symptoms were assessed in 1371 women with a history of ED. The prevalence of MDD was first explored across ED subtypes, and ages of onset of MDD and EDs were compared. Depressive symptoms were examined in individuals who developed MDD before and after ED onset. Results: The lifetime prevalence of MDD was 72.9%. Among those with lifetime MDD (n =963), 34.5% reported MDD onset before the onset of ED. Those who experienced MDD first reported greater psychomotor agitation (OR =1.53; 95%CI =1.14–2.06), and thoughts of own death (but not suicide attempts or ideation; OR =1.73; 95%CI =1.31–2.30). Among individuals who had MDD before ED, 26.5% had the MDD onset during the year before the onset of ED; 67% of individuals had the onset of both disorders within the same 3 year window. Conclusion: Clinicians treating individuals with new-onset ED or MDD should remain vigilant for the emergence of additional psychopathology, especially during the initial 3 year window following the onset of the first disorder.
23
Yan, Chao-Gan, Xiao Chen, Le Li, Francisco Xavier Castellanos, Tong-Jian Bai, Qi-Jing Bo, Jun Cao, et al. "Reduced default mode network functional connectivity in patients with recurrent major depressive disorder." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 18 (April 12, 2019): 9078–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1900390116.
Full textAbstract:
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is common and disabling, but its neuropathophysiology remains unclear. Most studies of functional brain networks in MDD have had limited statistical power and data analysis approaches have varied widely. The REST-meta-MDD Project of resting-state fMRI (R-fMRI) addresses these issues. Twenty-five research groups in China established the REST-meta-MDD Consortium by contributing R-fMRI data from 1,300 patients with MDD and 1,128 normal controls (NCs). Data were preprocessed locally with a standardized protocol before aggregated group analyses. We focused on functional connectivity (FC) within the default mode network (DMN), frequently reported to be increased in MDD. Instead, we found decreased DMN FC when we compared 848 patients with MDD to 794 NCs from 17 sites after data exclusion. We found FC reduction only in recurrent MDD, not in first-episode drug-naïve MDD. Decreased DMN FC was associated with medication usage but not with MDD duration. DMN FC was also positively related to symptom severity but only in recurrent MDD. Exploratory analyses also revealed alterations in FC of visual, sensory-motor, and dorsal attention networks in MDD. We confirmed the key role of DMN in MDD but found reduced rather than increased FC within the DMN. Future studies should test whether decreased DMN FC mediates response to treatment. All R-fMRI indices of data contributed by the REST-meta-MDD consortium are being shared publicly via the R-fMRI Maps Project.
24
KLEIN, DANIEL N., PETER M. LEWINSOHN, PAUL ROHDE, JOHN R. SEELEY, and THOMAS M. OLINO. "Psychopathology in the adolescent and young adult offspring of a community sample of mothers and fathers with major depression." Psychological Medicine 35, no. 3 (October 21, 2004): 353–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291704003587.
Full textAbstract:
Background. There is a large literature indicating that the offspring of mothers with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) are at increased risk for depression. However, much less is known about the effects of paternal MDD on offspring psychopathology.Method. We addressed this issue using a large community sample of parents and their adolescent and young adult offspring (n=775). Parents and offspring were independently assessed with semi-structured diagnostic interviews. Offspring were interviewed three times from mid-adolescence to age 24 years.Results. Maternal MDD was significantly associated with offspring MDD. Paternal MDD was also significantly associated with MDD in offspring, but only among offspring with depressive episodes of moderate or greater severity. These effects persisted after controlling for socio-economic status, family intactness, and non-mood disorders in both parents. Rates of MDD were particularly elevated in offspring of mothers and fathers with early-onset MDD, and offspring of fathers with recurrent MDD. The magnitude of the associations between MDD in parents and offspring was generally in the small-to-medium range.Conclusions. These results confirm previous findings of elevated risk of MDD in the offspring of depressed mothers. In addition, the results suggest that MDD in fathers is associated with increased risk of depression in offspring, but that it is limited to MDD episodes in offspring of moderate or greater severity.
25
Konstantakopoulos, George, Vasilios G. Masdrakis, Manolis Markianos, and Panagiotis Oulis. "On the Differential Diagnosis of Anxious from Nonanxious Major Depression by means of the Hamilton Scales." Scientific World Journal 2013 (2013): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/294516.
Full textAbstract:
Objective.Anxious major depressive disorder (A-MDD) is differentially diagnosed from nonanxious MDD (NA-MDD) as MDD with a cut-off score ≥7 on the HAM-D anxiety-somatization factor (ASF). We investigated whether additional HAM-D items discriminate A-MDD from NA-MDD. Moreover, we tested the validity of ASF criterion against HAM-A, gold standard of anxiety severity assessment.Methods.164 consecutive female middle-aged inpatients, diagnosed as A-MDD () or NA-MDD () by the normative HAM-A score for moderate-to-severe anxiety (≥25), were compared regarding 17-item HAM-D scores. The validity of ASF ≥7 criterion was assessed by receiver-operating characteristics (ROC) analysis.Results.We found medium and large effect size differences between A-MDD and NA-MDD patients in only four out of the six ASF items, as well as in three further HAM-D items, namely, those of agitation, middle insomnia, and delayed insomnia. Furthermore, the ASF cut-off score ≥9 provided the optimal trade-off between sensitivity and specificity for the differential diagnosis between A-MDD and NA-MDD.Conclusion.Additional HAM-D items, beyond those of ASF, discriminate A-MDD from NA-MDD. The ASF ≥7 criterion inflates false positives. A cut-off point ≥9 provides the best trade-off between sensitivity and specificity of the ASF criterion, at least in female middle-aged inpatients.
26
Kennis, Mitzy, Arthur R. Rademaker, Sanne J. H. van Rooij, René S. Kahn, and Elbert Geuze. "Altered functional connectivity in posttraumatic stress disorder with versus without comorbid major depressive disorder: a resting state fMRI study." F1000Research 2 (April 16, 2014): 289. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.2-289.v2.
Full textAbstract:
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is an anxiety disorder that is often diagnosed with comorbid depressive disorder. Therefore, neuroimaging studies investigating PTSD typically include both patients with and without comorbid depression. Differences in activity of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and insula have been shown to differentiate PTSD patients with and without major depressive disorder (MDD). Whether or not comorbid MDD affects resting state functional connectivity of PTSD patients has not been investigated to our knowledge. Here, resting state functional connectivity of PTSD patients with (PTSD+MDD; n=27) and without (PTSD-MDD; n=23) comorbid MDD was investigated. The subgenual ACC and insula were investigated as seed regions. Connectivity between the subgenual ACC and perigenual parts of the ACC was increased in PTSD+MDD versus PTSD-MDD, which may reflect the presence of depressive specific symptoms such as rumination. Functional connectivity of the subgenual ACC with the thalamus was reduced, potentially related to more severe deficits in executive functioning in the PTSD+MDD group versus the PTSD-MDD group. In addition, the PTSD+MDD group showed reduced functional connectivity of the insula with the hippocampus compared to the PTSD-MDD group. However, this cluster was no longer significantly different when PTSD patients that were using medication were excluded from analyses. Thus, resting state functional connectivity of the subgenual ACC can distinguish PTSD+MDD from PTSD-MDD, and this may therefore be used as a neurobiological marker for comorbid MDD in the presence of PTSD. As PTSD+MDD are more treatment resistant, these findings can also guide treatment development, for example by targeting the subgenual ACC network with treatment.
27
Ageely, Ghofran, Carolina Souza, Kaissa De Boer, Saly Zahra, Marcio Gomes, and Nha Voduc. "The Impact of Multidisciplinary Discussion (MDD) in the Diagnosis and Management of Fibrotic Interstitial Lung Diseases." Canadian Respiratory Journal 2020 (August 17, 2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/9026171.
Full textAbstract:
Accurate diagnosis of interstitial lung disease (ILD) is crucial for management and prognosis but can be challenging even for experienced clinicians. Expert multidisciplinary discussion (MDD) is considered the reference standard for ILD diagnosis; however, there remain concerns regarding lack of validation studies and relative limited information on the impact of MDD in real-life clinical practice. The goal of this study was to assess the effect of MDD in providing a specific ILD diagnosis, changing the diagnosis provided upon referral, and to determine how often and in which way MDD altered management. Material and Methods. Retrospective observational study in an ILD referral tertiary academic center. MDD diagnoses were categorized as specific, provisional, and unclassifiable ILD. Pre-MDD and MDD diagnoses were compared for change in diagnosis and concordance rates for specific diagnoses. Relevant change in management including initiation or change in pharmacological treatment, referral to surgical biopsy, and nonpharmacological management were recorded. Results. 126 cases were included (79M, 47F, 36–93 years, mean 70 y). Specific MDD diagnosis was provided in 62% (78/126); 12% (15/126) had provisional diagnosis, and 21% (27/126) was unclassifiable. Overall agreement for specific pre-MDD and MDD diagnosis was 41% (52/126) and 80% for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) diagnosis. MDD altered diagnosis in 37% (47/126) and changed management in 39% (50/126). Amongst concordant diagnoses, management was altered in 46% (24/52). In summary, MDD provided a specific diagnosis discordant with pre-MDD diagnosis in a significant proportion of cases and was particularly valuable in the diagnosis of non-IPF ILD. MDD often altered management and had relevant impact on management even in cases with concordant pre-MDD diagnosis.
28
Wilson, S., A. C. DiRago, and W. G. Iacono. "Prospective inter-relationships between late adolescent personality and major depressive disorder in early adulthood." Psychological Medicine 44, no. 3 (May 20, 2013): 567–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291713001104.
Full textAbstract:
BackgroundA well-established body of literature demonstrates concurrent associations between personality traits and major depressive disorder (MDD), but there have been relatively few investigations of their dynamic interplay over time.MethodProspective inter-relationships between late-adolescent personality and MDD in early adulthood were examined in a community sample of male and female twins from the Minnesota Twin Family Study (MTFS; n = 1252). Participants were classified into naturally occurring MDD groups based on the timing (adolescent versus adult onset) and course (chronic/recurrent versus remitting) of MDD. MDD diagnoses were assessed at ages 17, 20, 24 and 29 years, and personality traits [negative emotionality (NEM), positive emotionality (PEM) and constraint (CON)] were assessed at ages 17, 24 and 29 years.ResultsMultilevel modeling (MLM) analyses indicated that higher age-17 NEM was associated with the subsequent development of MDD, and any MDD, regardless of onset or course, was associated with higher NEM up to age 29. Moreover, the chronic/recurrent MDD groups failed to show the normative decrease in NEM from late adolescence to early adulthood. Lower age-17 PEM was also associated with the subsequent development of MDD but only among the chronic/recurrent MDD groups. Finally, the adolescent-onset MDD groups reported lower age-17 CON relative to the never-depressed and adult-onset MDD groups.ConclusionsTaken together, the results speak to the role of personality traits for conferring risk for the onset of MDD in late adolescence and early adulthood, in addition to the pernicious implications of chronic/recurrent MDD, particularly when it onsets during adolescence, for adaptive personality development.
29
Beckerman-Hsu, Jacob P., Rockli Kim, Smriti Sharma, and S. V. Subramanian. "Dietary Variation among Children Meeting and Not Meeting Minimum Dietary Diversity: An Empirical Investigation of Food Group Consumption Patterns among 73,036 Children in India." Journal of Nutrition 150, no. 10 (August 17, 2020): 2818–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxaa223.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT Background Minimum Dietary Diversity (MDD) is a widely used indicator of adequate dietary micronutrient density for children 6–23 mo old. MDD food-group data remain underutilized, despite their potential for further informing nutrition programs and policies. Objectives We aimed to describe the diets of children meeting MDD and not meeting MDD in India using food group data, nationally and subnationally. Methods Food group data for children 6–23 mo old (n = 73,036) from the 2015–16 National Family Health Survey in India were analyzed. Per WHO standards, children consuming ≥5 of the following food groups in the past day or night met MDD: breast milk; grains, roots, or tubers; legumes or nuts; dairy; flesh foods; eggs; vitamin A–rich fruits and vegetables; and other fruits and vegetables. Children not meeting MDD consumed <5 food groups. We analyzed the number and types of foods consumed by children meeting MDD and not meeting MDD at the national and subnational geographic levels. Results Nationally, children not meeting MDD most often consumed breast milk (84.5%), grains, roots, and tubers (62.0%), and/or dairy (42.9%). Children meeting MDD most often consumed grains, roots, and tubers (97.6%), vitamin A–rich fruits and vegetables (93.8%), breast milk (84.1%), dairy (82.1%), other fruits and vegetables (79.5%), and/or eggs (56.5%). For children not meeting MDD, district-level dairy consumption varied the most (6.4%–79.9%), whereas flesh foods consumption varied the least (0.0%–43.8%). For children meeting MDD, district-level egg consumption varied the most (0.0%–100.0%), whereas grains, roots, and tubers consumption varied the least (66.8%–100.0%). Conclusions Children not meeting MDD had low fruit, vegetable, and protein-rich food consumption. Many children meeting MDD also had low protein-rich food consumption. Examining the number and types of foods consumed highlights priorities for children experiencing the greatest dietary deprivation, providing valuable complementary information to MDD.
30
Thompson, Renee J., Natasha H. Bailen, and Tammy English. "Everyday Emotional Experiences in Current and Remitted Major Depressive Disorder: An Experience-Sampling Study." Clinical Psychological Science 9, no. 5 (April 12, 2021): 866–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2167702621992082.
Full textAbstract:
The emotional experiences of people with major depressive disorder (MDD) are characterized by emotional disturbances. We examined whether these patterns characterize people with MDD in remission. Participants included individuals who had experienced at least two major depressive episodes (remitted-MDD group; n = 80), had current MDD (current-MDD group; n = 48), or were control participants ( n = 87). Participants reported their momentary affect five times per day for 14 days, from which we computed the mean (i.e., intensity), standard deviation (i.e., variability), and autocorrelation (i.e., inertia). Negative affect (NA) intensity and variability, but not inertia, differed between groups; the current-MDD group had the highest levels, the control group had the lowest, and the remitted-MDD group fell in between. Differences in NA variability held after accounting for mean NA. The only significant group difference for positive affect (PA) was that PA intensity was lower in the current-MDD group compared with the other two groups. Emotional disturbances of participants with remitted MDD appear limited to NA.
31
Li, Xianbin, Tony Xing Tan, Qijing Bo, Zhen Mao, Feng Li, Fan He, Fang Dong, Xin Ma, and Chuanyue Wang. "Clinical Course and Clinical Features in MDD Patients: General and Specific Role of Subtypes of Childhood Trauma." Counseling Psychologist 49, no. 5 (March 29, 2021): 650–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011000021995936.
Full textAbstract:
Our study focused on childhood emotional neglect and several forms of abuse (i.e., physical, sexual, and emotional) and the diagnosis and clinical courses of disease in Chinese adults with major depressive disorder (MDD), including MDD with anxiety, with suicidality, and with other presentations. MDD and other clinical presentations were determined with the American Psychiatric Association’s (2000) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.; DSM-IV) and subtypes of trauma were assessed with the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (95 patients and 94 comparisons). Patients with MDD and suicidality scored higher on childhood emotional abuse and neglect than other MDD patients. Both emotional abuse and physical abuse correlated with a younger age of onset and more relapses of MDD. General linear modeling also showed that controlling for demographic variables, emotional and physical abuse predicted more MDD relapses. Overall, childhood trauma was correlated with a MDD diagnosis, the role of specific types of trauma in the clinical courses of MDD varied.
32
Zhang, Ran, Shengnan Wei, Miao Chang, Xiaowei Jiang, Yanqing Tang, and Fei Wang. "Dorsolateral and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex structural changes relative to suicidal ideation in patients with depression." Acta Neuropsychiatrica 32, no. 2 (January 9, 2020): 84–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/neu.2019.45.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe prefrontal cortex (PFC) is enormously important in suicide and major depressive disorder (MDD). However, little is known about the structural alterations in the brains of people with MDD and suicidal ideation. We examined the gray matter volume (GMV) of the PFC of individuals with MDD and suicidal ideation to determine if PFC volumetric differences contribute to suicidal ideation in patients with MDD. Thirty-five subjects with MDD and suicidal ideation, 38 subjects with MDD but without suicidal ideation, and 43 age- and gender-matched healthy control (HC) subjects underwent T1-weighted imaging. A voxel-based morphometric analysis was conducted to compare the PFC GMVs of the three groups. Further GMV reductions in the left and right dorsolateral PFC (DLPFC) and right ventrolateral PFC (VLPFC) were detected in the MDD with suicidal ideation group compared with those in the HC group and the MDD without suicidal ideation group, whereas the MDD without suicidal ideation group only exhibited significant differences in the left DLPFC relative to the HC group. Our findings demonstrated that left DLPFC reductions were associated with MDD and suicidal ideation, and diminished GMV reductions in the right DLPFC and right VLPFC were only associated with suicidal ideation. These results help us better understand the neuropathological changes in MDD with suicidal ideation.
33
Gatica-Domínguez, Giovanna, Paulo A. R. Neves, Aluísio J. D. Barros, and Cesar G. Victora. "Complementary Feeding Practices in 80 Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Prevalence of and Socioeconomic Inequalities in Dietary Diversity, Meal Frequency, and Dietary Adequacy." Journal of Nutrition 151, no. 7 (April 13, 2021): 1956–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxab088.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT Background Adequate complementary feeding practices in early childhood contribute to better food preferences and health outcomes throughout the life course. Objectives The aim of this study was to describe patterns and socioeconomic inequalities in complementary feeding practices among children aged 6–23 mo in 80 low- and middle-income countries. Methods We analyzed national surveys carried out since 2010. Complementary feeding indicators for children aged 6–23 mo included minimum dietary diversity (MDD), minimum meal frequency (MMF), and minimum acceptable diet (MAD). Between- and within-country inequalities were documented using relative (wealth deciles), gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, and absolute (estimated household income) socioeconomic indicators. Statistical analyses included calculation of the slope index of inequality, Pearson correlation and linear regression, and scatter diagrams. Results Only 21.3%, 56.2%, and 10.1% of the 80 countries showed prevalence levels >50% for MDD, MMF, and MAD, respectively. Western & Central Africa showed the lowest prevalence for all indicators, whereas the highest for MDD and MAD was Latin America & Caribbean, and for MMF it was East Asia & the Pacific. Log GDP per capita was positively associated with MDD (R2 = 48.5%), MMF (28.2%), and MAD (41.4%). Pro-rich within-country inequalities were observed in most countries for the 3 indicators; pro-poor inequalities were observed in 2 countries for MMF, and in none for the other 2 indicators. Breast milk was the only type of food with a pro-poor distribution, whereas animal-source foods (dairy products, flesh foods, and eggs) showed the most pronounced pro-rich inequality. Dietary diversity improved sharply when absolute annual household incomes exceeded ∼US$20,000. All 3 dietary indicators improved by age and no consistent differences were observed between boys and girls. Conclusions Monitoring complementary feeding indicators across the world and implementing policies and programs to reduce wealth-related inequalities are essential to achieve optimal child nutrition.
34
KLEIN, D. N., P. M. LEWINSOHN, P. ROHDE, J. R. SEELEY, and S. A. SHANKMAN. "Family study of co-morbidity between major depressive disorder and anxiety disorders." Psychological Medicine 33, no. 4 (May 2003): 703–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291703007487.
Full textAbstract:
Background. Numerous studies have documented high rates of co-morbidity between major depressive disorder (MDD) and the anxiety disorders (ANX). However, the reason for this is unclear. Family studies provide one potentially useful approach for addressing this issue.Method. We explored six explanations of the co-morbidity between MDD and ANX using a family study of a large community sample of young adults and their first-degree relatives. Participants included 112 probands with a lifetime history of both MDD and one or more ANX, 290 probands with a history of MDD but no ANX, 43 probands with a history of one or more ANX but no MDD, 352 probands with no lifetime history of either MDD or ANX, and the probands' 2608 first-degree relatives. Probands were assessed using semi-structured diagnostic interviews on two occasions in adolescence and a third time at age 24. Diagnostic data on relatives were collected using both direct and family history interviews.Results. Compared with controls, MDD aggregated in the families of probands with MDD, whether or not they had co-morbid ANX; ANX aggregated in the families of probands with ANX, regardless of whether they had co-morbid MDD; and co-morbid MDD/ANX aggregated only in the families of probands with both MDD and ANX. The relatives of probands with ANX alone had a significantly higher rate of ANX than the relatives of probands with MDD alone, although none of the other comparisons between the depressed and anxious groups were significant.Conclusions. This pattern of findings is largely, although not completely, consistent with the view that MDD and ANX are transmitted independently within families, and suggests that the co-morbidity between MDD and ANX is caused by non-familial aetiological factors.
35
Su, Yun-Ai, and Tianmei Si. "Progress and challenges in research of the mechanisms of anhedonia in major depressive disorder." General Psychiatry 35, no. 1 (February 2022): e100724. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gpsych-2021-100724.
Full textAbstract:
There is an increasing heavy disease burden of major depressive disorder (MDD) globally. Both high diagnostic heterogeneity and complicated pathological mechanisms of MDD pose significant challenges. There is much evidence to support anhedonia as a core feature of MDD. In the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, anhedonia is further emphasised as a key item in the diagnosis of major depression with melancholic features. Anhedonia is a multifaceted symptom that includes deficits in various aspects of reward processing, such as anticipatory anhedonia, consummatory anhedonia, and decision-making anhedonia. Anhedonia is expected to become an important clinicopathological sign for predicting the treatment outcome of MDD and assisting clinical decision making. However, the precise neurobiological mechanisms of anhedonia in MDD are not clearly understood. In this paper, we reviewed (1) the current understanding of the link between anhedonia and MDD; (2) the biological basis of the pathological mechanism of anhedonia in MDD; and (3) challenges in research on the pathological mechanisms of anhedonia in MDD. A more in-depth understanding of anhedonia associated with MDD will improve the diagnosis, prediction, and treatment of patients with MDD in the future.
36
Ligthart, Lannie, Brenda WJH Penninx, Dale R. Nyholt, Marijn A. Distel, Eco JC de Geus, Gonneke Willemsen, Johannes H. Smit, and Dorret I. Boomsma. "Migraine symptomatology and major depressive disorder." Cephalalgia 30, no. 9 (March 19, 2010): 1073–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0333102410363492.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction and objective: Migraine and major depressive disorder (MDD) frequently co-occur, but it is unclear whether depression is associated with a specific subtype of migraine. The objective of this study was to investigate whether migraine is qualitatively different in MDD patients ( N = 1816) and non-depressed controls ( N = 3428). Methods: Migraine symptom data were analyzed using multi-group Latent Class Analysis, and a qualitative comparison was made between the symptom profiles of MDD patients and controls, while allowing for differences in migraine prevalence and severity between groups. Results: In both groups, three migrainous headache classes were identified, which differed primarily in terms of severity. Both mild and severe migrainous headaches were two to three times more prevalent in MDD patients. Migraine symptom profiles showed only minor qualitative differences in the MDD and non-MDD groups: in the severe migrainous headache class, significant differences were observed only in the prevalence of aggravation by physical activity (83% and 91% for the non-MDD and MDD groups, respectively) and aura (42% vs. 53%, respectively). Conclusion: The similar overall symptom profiles observed in the MDD and non-MDD subjects suggest that a similar disease process may underlie migraine in both groups.
37
Shenk, Chad E., Amanda M. Griffin, and Kieran J. O'Donnell. "Symptoms of major depressive disorder subsequent to child maltreatment: Examining change across multiple levels of analysis to identify transdiagnostic risk pathways." Development and Psychopathology 27, no. 4pt2 (November 2015): 1503–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579415000905.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractMajor depressive disorder (MDD) is a prevalent psychiatric condition in the child maltreatment population. However, not all children who have been maltreated will develop MDD or MDD symptoms, suggesting the presence of unique risk pathways that explain how certain children develop MDD symptoms when others do not. The current study tested several candidate risk pathways to MDD symptoms following child maltreatment: neuroendocrine, autonomic, affective, and emotion regulation. Female adolescents (N= 110; age range = 14–19) were recruited into a substantiated child maltreatment or comparison condition and completed a laboratory stressor, saliva samples, and measures of emotion regulation, negative affect, and MDD symptoms. MDD symptoms were reassessed 18 months later. Mediational modeling revealed that emotion regulation was the only significant indirect effect of the relationship between child maltreatment and subsequent MDD symptoms, demonstrating that children exposed to maltreatment had greater difficulties managing affective states that in turn led to more severe MDD symptoms. These results highlight the importance of emotion dysregulation as a central risk pathway to MDD following child maltreatment. Areas of future research and implications for optimizing prevention and clinical intervention through the direct targeting of transdiagnostic risk pathways are discussed.
38
Kessler, R. C., N. A. Sampson, P. Berglund, M. J. Gruber, A. Al-Hamzawi, L. Andrade, B. Bunting, et al. "Anxious and non-anxious major depressive disorder in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys." Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences 24, no. 3 (February 27, 2015): 210–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2045796015000189.
Full textAbstract:
Background.To examine cross-national patterns and correlates of lifetime and 12-month comorbid DSM-IV anxiety disorders among people with lifetime and 12-month DSM-IV major depressive disorder (MDD).Method.Nationally or regionally representative epidemiological interviews were administered to 74 045 adults in 27 surveys across 24 countries in the WHO World Mental Health (WMH) Surveys. DSM-IV MDD, a wide range of comorbid DSM-IV anxiety disorders, and a number of correlates were assessed with the WHO Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI).Results.45.7% of respondents with lifetime MDD (32.0–46.5% inter-quartile range (IQR) across surveys) had one of more lifetime anxiety disorders. A slightly higher proportion of respondents with 12-month MDD had lifetime anxiety disorders (51.7%, 37.8–54.0% IQR) and only slightly lower proportions of respondents with 12-month MDD had 12-month anxiety disorders (41.6%, 29.9–47.2% IQR). Two-thirds (68%) of respondents with lifetime comorbid anxiety disorders and MDD reported an earlier age-of-onset (AOO) of their first anxiety disorder than their MDD, while 13.5% reported an earlier AOO of MDD and the remaining 18.5% reported the same AOO of both disorders. Women and previously married people had consistently elevated rates of lifetime and 12-month MDD as well as comorbid anxiety disorders. Consistently higher proportions of respondents with 12-month anxious than non-anxious MDD reported severe role impairment (64.4 v. 46.0%; χ21 = 187.0, p < 0.001) and suicide ideation (19.5 v. 8.9%; χ21 = 71.6, p < 0.001). Significantly more respondents with 12-month anxious than non-anxious MDD received treatment for their depression in the 12 months before interview, but this difference was more pronounced in high-income countries (68.8 v. 45.4%; χ21 = 108.8, p < 0.001) than low/middle-income countries (30.3 v. 20.6%; χ21 = 11.7, p < 0.001).Conclusions.Patterns and correlates of comorbid DSM-IV anxiety disorders among people with DSM-IV MDD are similar across WMH countries. The narrow IQR of the proportion of respondents with temporally prior AOO of anxiety disorders than comorbid MDD (69.6–74.7%) is especially noteworthy. However, the fact that these proportions are not higher among respondents with 12-month than lifetime comorbidity means that temporal priority between lifetime anxiety disorders and MDD is not related to MDD persistence among people with anxious MDD. This, in turn, raises complex questions about the relative importance of temporally primary anxiety disorders as risk markers v. causal risk factors for subsequent MDD onset and persistence, including the possibility that anxiety disorders might primarily be risk markers for MDD onset and causal risk factors for MDD persistence.
39
Ho, Roger C., Anna N. Chua, Syeda Fabeha Husain, Wanqiu Tan, Fengyi Hao, Giang T. Vu, Bach X. Tran, Hien Thu Nguyen, Roger S. McIntyre, and Cyrus S. Ho. "Premenopausal Singaporean Women Suffering from Major Depressive Disorder Treated with Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors Had Similar Bone Mineral Density as Compared with Healthy Controls." Diagnostics 12, no. 1 (January 3, 2022): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12010096.
Full textAbstract:
The association between selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) treatment and lower bone mineral density (BMD) remains controversial, and further research is required. This study aimed to compare the BMD, levels of bone formation and bone metabolism markers in medicated premenopausal Singaporean women with major depressive disorder (MDD) and matched healthy controls. We examined 45 women with MDD who received SSRI treatment (mean age: 37.64 ± 7) and 45 healthy controls (mean age: 38.1 ± 9.2). BMD at the lumbar spine, total hip and femoral neck were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. We also measured bone formation markers, procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide (P1NP) and bone metabolism markers, osteoprotegerin (OPG) and receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa-Β ligand (RANKL). There were no significant differences in the mean BMD in the lumbar spine (healthy controls: 1.04 ± 0.173 vs. MDD patients: 1.024 ± 0.145, p = 0.617, left hip (healthy controls: 0.823 ± 0.117 vs. MDD patients: 0.861 ± 0.146, p = 0.181) and right hip (healthy controls: 0.843 ± 0.117 vs. MDD patients: 0.85 ± 0.135, p = 0.784) between healthy controls and medicated patients with MDD. There were no significant differences in median P1NP (healthy controls: 35.9 vs. MDD patients: 37.3, p = 0.635), OPG (healthy controls: 2.6 vs. MDD patients: 2.7, p = 0.545), RANKL (healthy controls: 23.4 vs. MDD patients: 2178.93, p = 0.279) and RANKL/OPG ratio (healthy controls: 4.1 vs. MDD patients: 741.4, p = 0.279) between healthy controls and medicated patients with MDD. Chronic SSRI treatment might not be associated with low BMD in premenopausal Singaporean women who suffered from MDD. This finding may help female patients with MDD make an informed decision when considering the risks and benefits of SSRI treatment.
40
Yang, Tao, Juhua Li, Liyuan Li, Xuehua Huang, Jiajun Xu, Xia Huang, Lijuan Huang, and Kamil Can Kural. "PPARD May Play a Protective Role for Major Depressive Disorder." PPAR Research 2021 (April 21, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5518138.
Full textAbstract:
Activation of PPARD has been shown to inhibit depressive behaviors and enhances neurogenesis. However, whether PPARD is involved in the pathological development of major depressive disorder (MDD) is largely unknown. To explore the potential connection between PPARD and MDD, we first conducted a literature-based data mining to construct a PPARD-driven MDD regulating network. Then, we tested the PPARD expression changes in MDD patients from 18 independent MDD RNA expression datasets, followed by coexpression analysis, multiple linear regression analysis, and a heterogeneity analysis to study the influential factors for PPARD expression levels. Our results showed that overexpression of PPARD could inhibit inflammatory cytokine signaling pathways and the ROS and glutamate pathways that have been shown to play important roles in the pathological development of MDD. However, PPARD could also activate nitric oxide formation and ceramide synthesis, which was implicated as promoters in the pathogenesis of MDD, indicating the complexity of the relationship between PPARD and MDD. PPARG presented significant within- and between-study variations in the 18 MDD datasets ( p value = 0.97), which were significantly associated with the population region (country) and sample source ( p < 2.67 e − 5 ). Our results suggested that PPARD could be a potential regulator rather than a biomarker in the pathological development of MDD. This study may add new insights into the understanding of the PPARD-MDD relationship.
41
Scarinci, Isabel C., Janet Thomas, Phillip J. Brantley, and Glenn N. Jones. "Examination of the Temporal Relationship between Smoking and Major Depressive Disorder among Low-Income Women in Public Primary Care Clinics." American Journal of Health Promotion 16, no. 6 (July 2002): 323–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4278/0890-1171-16.6.323.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose. To determine the prevalence of major depressive disorder (MDD) by smoking status, and the temporal relationship between smoking and MDD, and explore other smoking-related variables that may be associated with MDD. Design. Cross-sectional study. Setting. Public primary care clinics. Subjects. Researchers studied 338 women (76% African-Americans) who were randomly selected while attending appointments in two public primary care clinics. Measures. Data pertaining to smoking-related variables and MDD diagnosis were obtained using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for the Diagnostic Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV (DSM-IV). Results. The prevalence of a lifetime history of MDD was significantly higher for current smokers (56.6%) than among former smokers (37.5%) or never-smokers (30.3%; p < .001). Most ever-smokers (81.3%) began smoking and were nicotine-dependent (63.6%) prior to their first episode of MDD. Using logistic regression, after controlling for demographic and smoking-related variables, age of smoking onset was the strongest variable associated with MDD among ever-smokers. Specifically, the odds of having an MDD decreased by 8.2% for each year delay in smoking initiation. Conclusion. These results suggest that smoking initiation precedes MDD and that smoking is associated with a high prevalence of MDD among low-income women attending primary care clinics. Further, the younger women start smoking the more likely they are to have MDD.
42
Zhang, Chen, Deng-Feng Zhang, Zhi-Guo Wu, Dai-Hui Peng, Jun Chen, Jianliang Ni, Wenxin Tang, Lin Xu, Yong-Gang Yao, and Yi-Ru Fang. "Complement factor H and susceptibility to major depressive disorder in Han Chinese." British Journal of Psychiatry 208, no. 5 (May 2016): 446–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.115.163790.
Full textAbstract:
BackgroundAccumulating evidence suggests that altered immunity contributes to the development of major depressive disorder (MDD).AimsTo examine whether complement factor H (CFH), a regulator of activation of the alternative pathway of the complement cascade, confers susceptibility to MDD.MethodExpression analyses were tested in 53 unmedicated people with MDD and 55 healthy controls. A two-stage genetic association analysis was performed in 3323 Han Chinese with or without MDD. Potential associations between CFH single nucleotide polymorphisms and age at MDD onset were evaluated.ResultsCFH levels were significantly lower in the MDD group at both protein and mRNA levels (P = 0.009 and P = 0.014 respectively). A regulatory variant in the CFH gene, rs1061170, showed statistically significant genotypic and allelic differences between the MDD and control groups (genotypic P = 0.0005, allelic P = 0.0001). Kaplan–Meier survival analysis showed that age at onset of MDD was significantly associated with the C allele of rs1061170 (log rank statistic χ2 = 6.82, P = 0.009). The C-allele carriers had a younger age at onset of MDD (22.2 years, s.d. = 4.0) than those without the C allele (23.6 years, s.d. = 4.3).ConclusionsCFH is likely to play an important role in the development of MDD. rs1061170 has an important effect on age at onset of MDD in Han Chinese and may therefore be related to early pathogenesis of MDD, although further study is needed.
43
Kamran, Muhammad, Farhana Bibi, Asim ur. Rehman, and Derek W. Morris. "Major Depressive Disorder: Existing Hypotheses about Pathophysiological Mechanisms and New Genetic Findings." Genes 13, no. 4 (April 6, 2022): 646. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes13040646.
Full textAbstract:
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common mental disorder generally characterized by symptoms associated with mood, pleasure and effectiveness in daily life activities. MDD is ranked as a major contributor to worldwide disability. The complex pathogenesis of MDD is not yet understood, and this is a major cause of failure to develop new therapies and MDD recurrence. Here we summarize the literature on existing hypotheses about the pathophysiological mechanisms of MDD. We describe the different approaches undertaken to understand the molecular mechanism of MDD using genetic data. Hundreds of loci have now been identified by large genome-wide association studies (GWAS). We describe these studies and how they have provided information on the biological processes, cell types, tissues and druggable targets that are enriched for MDD risk genes. We detail our understanding of the genetic correlations and causal relationships between MDD and many psychiatric and non-psychiatric disorders and traits. We highlight the challenges associated with genetic studies, including the complexity of MDD genetics in diverse populations and the need for a study of rare variants and new studies of gene-environment interactions.
44
Kolla, Bhanu Prakash, Brandon Coombes, Meghna Mansukhani, and Joanna Biernacka. "743 Differences in the prevalence of sleep disturbance and associated risk factors in alcohol use disorders and major depression." Sleep 44, Supplement_2 (May 1, 2021): A290. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsab072.740.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Introduction Sleep disruption is common in patients with alcohol use disorders (AUD) and major depressive disorders (MDD). Our understanding of the differences in the rates of sleep disturbance and overall sleep duration in patients with AUD, MDD, and comorbid AUD and MDD is limited. Furthermore, it is unknown whether there is variation in demographic and clinical characteristics associated with sleep disturbance and duration in these diagnostic groups. Methods This study utilized data from the UK Biobank (UKB). Depression status was determined based on review of International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes and health records. AUD status was based on AUDIT scores (score ≥8 was defined as AUD) and sleep disturbance was evaluated utilizing a self-reported questionnaire. The sample was categorized into those with MDD alone (MDD+/AUD-)(n=18,154), AUD alone (MDD-/AUD+)(n=6123), both (MDD+/AUD+)(n=9027), and controls with neither (MDD-/AUD-)(n=27,573). We used generalized linear models (GLMs) to compare rates of sleep disruption and duration among the groups and determine the clinical predictors of sleep disturbance/duration in the four groups as well as test whether these factors differed among the groups. Results The prevalence of sleep disturbance in the control sample (MDD-/AUD-) was 26.4% and the self-reported sleep duration in this sample was 7.209±0.919. Subjects with AUD and/or MDD had greater rates of sleep disturbance and shorter sleep duration. Among the different diagnostic categories, the prevalence of sleep disturbance was highest in subjects with MDD+/AUD+ (36.5%) followed by those with MDD+/AUD- (35.6%) and MDD-/AUD+ (27.9%)(all p<0.0001). Similarly, the sleep duration was shortest in subjects with MDD+/AUD+ (7.143±1.016), followed by MDD+/AUD- (7.158±1.050) and by MDD-/AUD+ (7.202±0.891)(all p<0.0001). Subjects with sleep disturbance were more likely to be older, female, and with higher body mass index, Townsend deprivation index, and neuroticism scores across all four groups (all p<0.05). Conclusion In a large population-based cohort, MDD with and without comorbid AUD was associated with greater rates of sleep disturbance and shorter sleep duration than AUD alone. The clinical and demographic factors associated with sleep disturbance did not differ in these diagnostic categories, indicating possible similar underlying risk factors. Support (if any) NA
45
Zhang, Qi, Su Hong, Jun Cao, Yi Zhou, Xiaoming Xu, Ming Ai, and Li Kuang. "Hippocampal Subfield Volumes in Major Depressive Disorder Adolescents with a History of Suicide Attempt." BioMed Research International 2021 (April 12, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5524846.
Full textAbstract:
Suicidal behavior is a leading cause of death and often commences during adolescence/young adulthood (15~29 years old). The hippocampus, which consists of multiple functionally specialized subfields, may contribute to the pathophysiology of depression and suicidal behavior. We aimed to investigate the differences of hippocampal subfield volume between major depressive disorder (MDD) patients with and without suicide attempts and healthy controls in adolescents and young adults. A total of 40 MDD suicide attempters (MDD+SA), 27 MDD patients without suicide attempt (MDD-SA), and 37 healthy controls (HC) were recruited. High-resolution T1 MRI images were analyzed with the automated hippocampal substructure module in FreeSurfer 6.0. Volume differences among the groups were analyzed by a generalized linear model controlling for intracranial cavity volume (ICV). The relationship between hippocampal subfield volumes and clinical characteristics (HAM-D and SSI scores) was assessed using two-tailed partial correlation controlling for ICV in MDD+SA and MDD-SA. We found that MDD-SA had significantly smaller bilateral hippocampal fissure volume than HC and MDD+SA. No significant correlation was observed between hippocampal subfield volume and clinical characteristics (HAM-D and SSI scores) in MDD+SA and MDD-SA. Adolescent/young adult suicide attempters with MDD suicide attempters have larger bilateral hippocampal fissures than depressed patients without suicide attempts, independently from clinical characteristics. Within the heterogeneous syndrome of major depressive disorder that holds a risk for suicidality for subgroups, hippocampal morphology may help to explain or possibly predict such risk, yet longitudinal and functional studies are needed for understanding the biological mechanisms underlying.
46
Li, Yuanxi, Rubin Wang, and Tao Zhang. "Nonlinear computational models of dynamical coding patterns in depression and normal rats: from electrophysiology to energy consumption." Nonlinear Dynamics 107, no. 4 (January 11, 2022): 3847–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11071-021-07079-7.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractMajor depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most serious neuropsychiatric disorders. Exploring the pathogenesis and dynamical coding patterns of MDD can provide new targets for clinical drug treatment and new ideas for the research of other neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases. We selected the medium spiny neuron (MSN) of nucleus accumbens (NAc) as the research objective. NAc is located in the dopaminergic pathway, regulating rewards, emotions and other behaviors. Abnormalities in these behaviors are considered as the main clinical symptoms of MDD. We simulated the different spike patterns of MSNs in MDD group and control group by dynamical Hodgkin–Huxley model. The simulated results can match the electrophysiological experiments, which occurred due to following reasons: (1) The external stimulus current of MDD group was amplified by the local neural microcircuit; (2) the selective permeability to sodium was abnormally decreased; and (3) the dopamine D2 receptor signaling pathway was abnormal in the MDD group. Furthermore, we proposed a dynamical energy model, and the energy results demonstrated that the energy cost in MDD group was lower, which led to persistent depression in patients with MDD. Simultaneously, the negative-to-total energy ratio of MSN in MDD group was higher than that in control group, and the delay time of the power peak and the potential peak in MDD group was shorter than that in the control group. The results showed that the abnormal firing patterns were the direct cause of abnormal behaviors of MDD and indicated that subthreshold activities of MDD group were more intense.
47
Bromberger, J. T., L. Schott, H. M. Kravitz, and H. Joffe. "Risk factors for major depression during midlife among a community sample of women with and without prior major depression: are they the same or different?" Psychological Medicine 45, no. 8 (November 24, 2014): 1653–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291714002773.
Full textAbstract:
BackgroundWomen's vulnerability for a first lifetime-onset of major depressive disorder (MDD) during midlife is substantial. It is unclear whether risk factors differ for first lifetime-onset and recurrent MDD. Identifying these risk factors can provide more focused depression screening and earlier intervention. This study aims to evaluate whether lifetime psychiatric and health histories, personality traits, menopausal status and factors that vary over time, e.g. symptoms, are independent risk factors for first-onset or recurrent MDD across 13 annual follow-ups.MethodFour hundred and forty-three women, aged 42–52 years, enrolled in the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation in Pittsburgh and participated in the Mental Health Study. Psychiatric interviews obtained information on lifetime psychiatric disorders at baseline and on occurrences of MDD episodes annually. Psychosocial and health-related data were collected annually. Cox multivariable analyses were conducted separately for women with and without a MDD history at baseline.ResultsWomen without lifetime MDD at baseline had a lower risk of developing MDD during midlife than those with a prior MDD history (28% v. 59%) and their risk profiles differed. Health conditions prior to baseline and during follow-ups perception of functioning (ps < 0.05) and vasomotor symptoms (VMS) (p = 0.08) were risk factors for first lifetime-onset MDD. Being peri- and post-menopausal, psychological symptoms and a prior anxiety disorder were predominant risk factors for MDD recurrence.ConclusionsThe menopausal transition warrants attention as a period of vulnerability to MDD recurrence, while health factors and VMS should be considered important risk factors for first lifetime-onset of MDD during midlife.
48
Choi, Karmel W., Chia-Yen Chen, Robert J. Ursano, Xiaoying Sun, Sonia Jain, Ronald C. Kessler, Karestan C. Koenen, et al. "Prospective study of polygenic risk, protective factors, and incident depression following combat deployment in US Army soldiers." Psychological Medicine 50, no. 5 (April 15, 2019): 737–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291719000527.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractBackgroundWhereas genetic susceptibility increases the risk for major depressive disorder (MDD), non-genetic protective factors may mitigate this risk. In a large-scale prospective study of US Army soldiers, we examined whether trait resilience and/or unit cohesion could protect against the onset of MDD following combat deployment, even in soldiers at high polygenic risk.MethodsData were analyzed from 3079 soldiers of European ancestry assessed before and after their deployment to Afghanistan. Incident MDD was defined as no MDD episode at pre-deployment, followed by a MDD episode following deployment. Polygenic risk scores were constructed from a large-scale genome-wide association study of major depression. We first examined the main effects of the MDD PRS and each protective factor on incident MDD. We then tested the effects of each protective factor on incident MDD across strata of polygenic risk.ResultsPolygenic risk showed a dose–response relationship to depression, such that soldiers at high polygenic risk had greatest odds for incident MDD. Both unit cohesion and trait resilience were prospectively associated with reduced risk for incident MDD. Notably, the protective effect of unit cohesion persisted even in soldiers at highest polygenic risk.ConclusionsPolygenic risk was associated with new-onset MDD in deployed soldiers. However, unit cohesion – an index of perceived support and morale – was protective against incident MDD even among those at highest genetic risk, and may represent a potent target for promoting resilience in vulnerable soldiers. Findings illustrate the value of combining genomic and environmental data in a prospective design to identify robust protective factors for mental health.
49
Wang, J. L., S. B. Patten, S. Currie, J. Sareen, and N. Schmitz. "Predictors of 1-year outcomes of major depressive disorder among individuals with a lifetime diagnosis: a population-based study." Psychological Medicine 42, no. 2 (July 11, 2011): 327–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291711001218.
Full textAbstract:
BackgroundExamining predictors of the outcomes of major depressive disorder (MDD) is important for clinical practice and population health. There are few population-based longitudinal studies on this topic. The objectives of this study were to (1) estimate the proportions of persistent and recurrent MDD among those with MDD over 1 year, and (2) identify demographic, socio-economic, workplace psychosocial and clinical factors associated with the outcomes.MethodFrom a population-based longitudinal study of the working population, participants with a lifetime diagnosis of MDD were selected (n=834). They were classified into two groups: those with and those without current MDD. The proportions of 1-year persistence and recurrence of MDD were estimated. MDD was assessed by the World Health Organization (WHO) Composite International Diagnostic Interview, CIDI-Auto 2.1, by telephone.ResultsThe proportions of persistent and recurrent MDD in 1 year were 38.5% [95% confidence interval (CI) 31.1–46.5] and 13.3% (95% CI 10.2–17.1) respectively. Long working hours, negative thinking and having co-morbid social phobia were predictive of persistence of MDD. Perceived work–family conflict, the severity of a major depressive episode and symptoms of depressed mood were significantly associated with the recurrence of MDD.ConclusionsClinical and psychosocial factors are important in the prognosis of MDD. The factors associated with persistence and recurrence of MDD may be different. More large longitudinal studies on this topic are needed so that clinicians may predict potential outcomes based on the clinical profile and provide interventions accordingly. They may also take clinical action to change relevant psychosocial factors to minimize the chance of persistence and/or recurrence of MDD.
50
Chen, Vincent Chin-Hung, Chao-Yu Shen, Sophie Hsin-Yi Liang, Zhen-Hui Li, Ming-Hong Hsieh, Yeu-Sheng Tyan, Mong-Liang Lu, Yena Lee, Roger S. McIntyre, and Jun-Cheng Weng. "Assessment of brain functional connectome alternations and correlation with depression and anxiety in major depressive disorders." PeerJ 5 (November 22, 2017): e3147. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3147.
Full textAbstract:
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is highly prevalent, recurrent, and associated with functional impairment, morbidity, and mortality. Herein, we aimed to identify disruptions in functional connectomics among subjects with MDD by using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). Sixteen subjects with MDD and thirty health controls completed resting-state fMRI scans and clinical assessments (e.g., Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)). We found higher amplitude of low frequency fluctuations (ALFF) bilaterally in the hippocampus and amygdala among MDD subjects when compared to healthy controls. Using graph theoretical analysis, we found decreased clustering coefficient, local efficiency, and transitivity in the MDD patients. Our findings suggest a potential biomarker for differentiating individuals with MDD from individuals without MDD.