Relevant bibliographies by topics / Mchesi

Academic literature on the topic 'Mchesi'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Mchesi"

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Liu, Tsung Lin, Ben Ran Fu, and Chin Pan. "An Investigation of Heat Transfer on Microchannel Heat Exchanger Flow Arrangement with Gas Heating." Applied Mechanics and Materials 145 (December 2011): 262–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.145.262.

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The present study investigates the effect of flow arrangement on heat transfer characteristics in two-phase microchannel heat exchangers (MCHEs) with gas heating. The microchannel heat exchangers are developed to utilize the exhaust heat from a high-temperature gas product of a methanol reformer (a part of a reformed methanol fuel cell). Co-and counter-current flow types of MCHE are tested. Working fluids in the hot and cold sides are helium and liquid methanol, respectively. For both single-phase flow regions, the experimental results indicate that the actual effectiveness of the counter-current MCHE is higher than that of the co-current MCHE. Both of the actual effectiveness of co-and counter-current MCHEs significantly increases with an increase of cold side mass flux. Moreover, the actual effectiveness for both types of MCHE is less relationship to the hot-side thermal power in single-phase zone. The highest actual effectiveness is about 0.6 and 0.72 for co-and counter-current MCHEs, respectively.
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Tang, Daisheng, Meng Li, Carolina Oi Lam Ung, Chengxiang Tang, and Hao Hu. "Exploratory study on development challenges of maternal and child healthcare institutions in China: a qualitative study combining interviews and focus groups." BMJ Open 9, no. 6 (June 2019): e028789. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-028789.

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ObjectivesTo manage the development of the maternal and child healthcare institution (MCHI) in China, it is important to understand the key challenges and the influencing factors for sustainable development of MCHIs. However, these areas have not been fully investigated previously. This qualitative study aims to systematically explore the perceived development challenges for MCHIs from the perspectives of MCHI staff and government officials.DesignQualitative approaches, including focus group, semistructured interview and documentary analysis, were employed to identify development challenges encountered by the MCHIs in Chengdu city, China.ParticipantsTotally 16 medical staff of MCHIs and officials from local government.MeasuresParticipants’ opinions about the development challenges for MCHI.ResultsThe study revealed the main development challenges for MCHIs included: (1) incapability to provide differentiated medical service (including differentiated maternal and child health maintenance, integrative model of health maintenance and disease treatment, lack of innovation capability); (2) insufficient financial support; (3) shortage of gynaecologists and paediatricians; (4) insufficient facilities and medical equipment; (5) weakness in adopting information technology and (6) constraints of law and regulations.ConclusionsThe study recommends that MCHI should take governance reform to promote healthcare innovation to ensure the sustainable development of MCHI. Public–private partnership needs to be considered for the sustainable development of MCHIs.
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Shankar, Sandeep, and Anil K. Tyagi. "MchAI and MchAII, two class-II restriction endonucleases from Mycobacterium chelonei." Gene 132, no. 1 (September 1993): 119–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-1119(93)90523-6.

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Deng, Daxiang, Guang Pi, Weixun Zhang, Peng Wang, and Ting Fu. "Numerical Study of Double-Layered Microchannel Heat Sinks with Different Cross-Sectional Shapes." Entropy 21, no. 1 (December 25, 2018): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e21010016.

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This work numerically studies the thermal and hydraulic performance of double-layered microchannel heat sinks (DL-MCHS) for their application in the cooling of high heat flux microelectronic devices. The superiority of double-layered microchannel heat sinks was assessed by a comparison with a single-layered microchannel heat sink (SL-MCHS) with the same triangular microchannels. Five DL-MCHSs with different cross-sectional shapes—triangular, rectangular, trapezoidal, circular and reentrant Ω-shaped—were explored and compared. The results showed that DL-MCHS decreased wall temperatures and thermal resistance considerably, induced much more uniform wall temperature distribution, and reduced the pressure drop and pumping power in comparison with SL-MCHS. The DL-MCHS with trapezoidal microchannels performed the worst with regard to thermal resistance, pressure drop, and pumping power. The DL-MCHS with rectangular microchannels produced the best overall thermal performance and seemed to be the optimum when thermal performance was the prime concern. Nevertheless, the DL-MCHS with reentrant Ω-shaped microchannels should be selected when pumping power consumption was the most important consideration.
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Auld, M. Elaine, and Kathleen Jahn Schmalz. "Karen Denard Goldman, PhD, MCHES (1949-2014)." Health Education & Behavior 43, no. 2 (March 31, 2016): 226. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1090198115621282.

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Xie, Guo-Fu, Lei Zhao, Yuan-Yuan Dong, Yu-Guang Li, Shang-Lin Zhang, and Chen Yang. "Hydraulic and Thermal Performance of Microchannel Heat Sink Inserted with Pin Fins." Micromachines 12, no. 3 (February 28, 2021): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12030245.

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With the development of micromachining technologies, a wider use of microchannel heat sink (MCHS) is achieved in many fields, especially for cooling electronic chips. A microchannel with a width of 500 μm and a height of 500 μm is investigated through the numerical simulation method. Pin fins are arranged at an inclined angle of 0°, 30°, 45°, and 60°, when arrangement method includes in-lined pattern and staggered pattern. The effects of inclined angle and arrangement method on flow field and temperature field of MCHSs are studied when Reynolds number ranges from 10 to 300. In addition to this, quantitative analyses of hydraulic and thermal performance are also discussed in this work. With the increase of inclined angle, the variation of friction factor and Nusselt number do not follow certain rules. The best thermal performance is achieved in MCHS with in-lined fines at an inclined angle of 30° accompanied with the largest friction factor. Arrangement method of pin fins plays a less significant role compared with inclined angle from a general view, particularly in the Reynolds number range of 100~300.
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Kerr, Dianne, Alexis Blavos, Heidi Hancher-Rauch, Jodi Brookins-Fisher, and Amy Thompson. "CHES, MCHES, and/or CPH? Selecting the Best Credential for You." Health Promotion Practice 20, no. 2 (January 24, 2019): 167–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524839918825132.

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The health education profession within the broader context of public health has chosen certification to grant recognition to individuals meeting certain standards, as well as optional accreditation of academic programs. Regarding certification options for health education professionals, those who qualify may sit for the exams to achieve one of the following certifications: Certified Health Education Specialist (CHES), Master Certified Health Education Specialist (MCHES), or Certified in Public Health (CPH). Some health education and other professionals may be familiar with the concept of certification but may not be aware of the value of certification for the profession, their options for certification, or the processes of certification. This article provides information on CHES, MCHES, and CPH certifications and compares and contrasts their requirements. While many professionals may choose one credential over another, others may decide to pursue CHES/MCHES and the CPH. Credentialing continues to be an important part of advancing the health education profession and ensuring that those practicing in the field are highly qualified.
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Dennis, Dixie, James F. McKenzie, and William W. Chen. "The Value of CHES (and now MCHES)?—A Commentary." American Journal of Health Education 43, no. 3 (May 2012): 130–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19325037.2012.10599228.

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Kerr, Dianne L., Emily Van Wasshenova, Rachel Mahas, F. Jeannine Everhart, Amy Thompson, and Debra Boardley. "Advocacy and Public Policy Perceptions and Involvement of Master Certified Health Education Specialists." Health Promotion Practice 18, no. 5 (November 9, 2016): 706–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524839916676463.

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Master Certified Health Education Specialists (MCHES; n = 186) participated in a mail survey on advocacy and public policy. Over half of participants reported that they had contacted a public official or provided policy-related information to consumers or other professionals. Participants identified barriers and benefits to influencing public policy. The greatest benefit was identified as improving the health or welfare of the public while the greatest barrier was that they were busy with other priorities. Participants also described their level of involvement, knowledge, training in advocacy, and their self-efficacy in performing various advocacy activities. Most MCHES reported voting and other basic advocacy functions while far fewer had participated in more advanced advocacy activities. Although nearly 73% had formal training on advocacy and policy, only 26% received it through college coursework. Factors predictive of advocacy and policy involvement were determined through a stepwise regression analysis. Five independent variables predicted the total number of advocacy activities and when combined accounted for nearly 61% of the variance. Government-level health educators’ misconception that they cannot participate in advocacy and public policy issues should be dispelled. Health education specialists with the MCHES credential need coursework and additional training on how to effectively influence public health policy.
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Azpiroz, María F., and Magela Laviña. "Involvement of Enterobactin Synthesis Pathway in Production of Microcin H47." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 48, no. 4 (April 2004): 1235–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.48.4.1235-1241.2004.

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ABSTRACT Microcin H47 (MccH47) is a gene-encoded peptide antibiotic produced by an Escherichia coli clinical isolate which is active on strains of gram-negative bacteria. Its uptake by E. coli K-12-susceptible cells depends on the presence of any of the outer membrane proteins Cir, Fiu, and FepA, the three catechol receptors of this organism. The nucleotide sequence of a portion of the MccH47 genetic system that had not yet been studied was elucidated. Five open reading frames were identified, three of which corresponded to genes encoding functions related to catechol-type siderophores: mchA and mchS1 are iroB and iroD homologues, respectively, and mchS4 was found to promote the production of the catecholate siderophore enterobactin. The possible relationship between enterobactin synthesis and MccH47 production was studied. Enterobactin-deficient strains failed to produce MccH47 when transformed with the antibiotic genetic determinants and upon introduction of the ent genetic cluster, the production of both the siderophore and MccH47 was restored. Further studies demonstrated that at least the enterobactin nonribosomal peptide synthase EntF is necessary for MccH47 synthesis. The relationship found between MccH47 and catecholate siderophore production is discussed, and a model outlining MccH47 synthesis is proposed.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Mchesi"

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Vidoni, Mchele [Verfasser]. "Contribution to the Development of a Process to Produce Tailored Steel Strips by Twin-Roll Strip Casting / Mchele Vidoni." Aachen : Shaker, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1118258851/34.

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Zulu, Beauty Mchaisi. "Nursing students' experience of clinical practice in primary health care clinics / Beauty Mchaisi Zulu." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/15830.

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The 2008 World Health Report emphasises that we need “primary health care (PHC) now more than ever”. Competent primary health care providers who “put people first” are required in the front line in order to make a difference. The need for widely accessible, competent and caring professional nurses thus places expectations on training programmes and health services. In South Africa, a number of studies have been conducted on primary health care and methods of teaching clinical competence to nursing students (Truscott 2010; Magobe et al. 2010; Naledi et al. 2010) but not on the experiences of nursing students during PHC practice. The researcher observed that the emphasis on the positive, supportive and helpful experiences of nursing students in coping with challenges during their clinical practice was distinctly lacking. The objective of the study was to explore and describe the experiences of nursing students during the clinical practice in PHC settings. It was expected that this information will enable the researcher to formulate recommendations to support nursing students to cope with challenges during clinical practice in a PHC setting. A qualitative descriptive inquiry, with an appreciative approach was used. Five semi-structured focus group interviews were conducted to obtain data. The population comprised of 4th year nursing students who were selected using purposive sampling with the assistance of a mediator, namely the Head of the Department for PHC at a Nursing College. The sample size was determined by data saturation. Data analysis was carried out simultaneously with the collection of data. Fifteen main themes were identified during a consensus discussion between the researcher and the co-coder. The main findings related to the meaning students attached to being placed in a PHC clinic; positive, supportive and helpful experiences; how they can be supported and what help them cope irrespective of challenges they experienced. Conclusions were drawn which pertained to: placement in a PHC setting for clinical practice; positive, supportive and helpful experiences; support when placed at a PHC setting for clinical practice and coping measures when placed at a PHC setting for clinical practice; and recommendations were formulated for nursing education, nursing research and nursing practice that focused on supporting and empowering nursing students to cope with challenges experienced at a PHC setting.
MCur, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015
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Books on the topic "Mchesi"

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Mathenge, Judy Wanjiku. Mcheshi goes to school =: Mcheshi aenda shuleni. Nairobi, Kenya: Jacaranda Designs, 1995.

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Mathenge, Judy Wanjiku. Mcheshi goes on a journey =: Mcheshi aenda safari. Nairobi, Kenya: Jacaranda Designs, 1993.

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Nkhoma, Wisdom Akuzike, Sylvester Ngoma, and Amos Chauma. Nkhani za mchezo. Blantyre: Macmillan Malawi, 2002.

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Mchezo wa karata. Nairobi: Marimba Publications Ltd., 1997.

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Changamoto: Mchezo wa kuigiza. Dar es Salaam: Taasisi ya Taaluma za Kiswahili Chuo Kikuu cha Dar es Salaam, 2010.

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Whyte, James Ebo. Uchawi Katika Mchezo wa mpira. Dodoma: Central Tanganyika Press, 1986.

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Kumbe mke huyu mchawi: Matukio ya kweli. Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: Je, Tutafika? Publications, 2005.

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1968 rta mgrin rgyal/ stag ri rta mgrin rgyal. phung khams skye mched kyi rnam bzhag. Pe cin: Mi rigs dpe skrun khang, 2016.

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Śal ma liʼi khrag stoṅ: [Bod kyi mches thog maʼi ʼbel rtsoms phyogs bsgrigs] = Shamali tuthong. Dharamsala, Dist. Kangra, H.P: Tenzin Rapgyal, 2011.

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gzi mig gis 'chor ba'i mchi ma. Lha sa: Bod ljongs mi dmangs dpe skrun khang, 2009.

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Book chapters on the topic "Mchesi"

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Algeo, Katie, Ann Epperson, and Matthew Brunt. "Historical GIS as a Platform for Public Memory at Mammoth Cave National Park." In Geographic Information Systems, 1309–27. IGI Global, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-2038-4.ch079.

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The Mammoth Cave Historical GIS (MCHGIS) fosters new understandings of a national park landscape as a historic farming community and offers a web-based platform for public memory of pre-park inhabitants. It maps the 1920 manuscript census at the household level over a streaming topographic map and georeferences Civilian Conservation Corps photographs of dwellings for visualization and analysis of the area’s population on the eve of creation of Mammoth Cave National Park. A web interface to the MCHGIS permits broader dissemination of archival holdings. Public participation GIS techniques are adapted to initiate a virtual site of public memory to supplement the history presented by institutionally-held materials with those donated from private holdings.
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Ramesh Korasikha, Naga, Thopudurthi Karthikeya Sharma, Gadale Amba Prasad Rao, and Kotha Madhu Murthy. "Recent Advancements in Thermal Performance Enhancement in Microchannel Heatsinks for Electronic Cooling Application." In Heat Transfer - Design, Experimentation and Applications [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.97087.

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Thermal management of electronic equipment is the primary concern in the electronic industry. Miniaturization and high power density of modern electronic components in the energy systems and electronic devices with high power density demanded compact heat exchangers with large heat dissipating capacity. Microchannel heat sinks (MCHS) are the most suitable heat exchanging devices for electronic cooling applications with high compactness. The heat transfer enhancement of the microchannel heat sinks (MCHS) is the most focused research area. Huge research has been done on the thermal and hydraulic performance enhancement of the microchannel heat sinks. This chapter’s focus is on advanced heat transfer enhancement methods used in the recent studies for the MCHS. The present chapter gives information about the performance enhancement MCHS with geometry modifications, Jet impingement, Phase changing materials (PCM), Nanofluids as a working fluid, Flow boiling, slug flow, and magneto-hydrodynamics (MHD).
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Papa, Ndiaye, Niang Khadim, and Sonko Adrien. "Mother and Child Health Support Project (MCHSP): A Partnership Mechanism with France for Development Facility in Senegal." In Current Innovations in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 8, 160–70. B P International (a part of SCIENCEDOMAIN International), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/bpi/cimms/v8/17228d.

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Evans, John. "Study Guide." In Elements of a Sustainable World, 294–336. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198827832.003.0008.

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8.1 Overview 294 8.2 Chapter 1: Planet Earth 295 8.3 Chapter 2: The Palette of Elements 303 8.4 Chapter 3: Earth 309 8.5 Chapter 4: Air 313 8.6 Chapter 5: Fire 318 8.7 Chapter 6: Water 325 8.8 Chapter 7: Prospects 331 This book emanated from a course given within Chemistry degrees of the University of Southampton entitled ‘Sustainable Chemistry’. This was an optional course and could be taken by BSc students in their third year, MChem students variously in third or fourth years, and also by postgraduate students (MSc or MPhil). Mine was the first half of the course, its more general section. The course had a high uptake. The majority of the assessment was through a two-hour examination, but a significant component was by two short literature projects. Within each half of the course a small group (about four students) were given a topic about which they would provide a joint report (a three-page report as a pdf file) and five-minute presentation to the class using PowerPoint or pdf files. The assessment was based on criteria for the report, the presentation, and by peer assessment of their colleagues’ contributions. For this section of the course the topic was a particular element. For the allocated element the supply, production, application, long-term hazards, and possible alternatives were to be addressed. The reason for this is that it is a topic that needed to be owned by personal investigation....
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Conference papers on the topic "Mchesi"

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Lance, Blake W., and Matthew D. Carlson. "Microchannel Heat Exchanger Flow Validation Study." In ASME Turbo Expo 2018: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2018-77197.

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Flow maldistribution in microchannel heat exchanger (MCHEs) can negatively impact heat exchanger effectiveness. Several rules of thumb exist about designing for uniform flow, but very little data are published to support these claims. In this work, complementary experiments and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of MCHEs enable a solid understanding of flow uniformity to a higher level of detail than previously seen. Experiments provide a validation data source to assess CFD predictive capability. The traditional semi-circular header geometry is tested. Experiments are carried out in a clear acrylic MCHE and water flow is measured optically with particle image velocimetry. CFD boundary conditions are matched to those in the experiment and the outputs, specifically velocity and turbulent kinetic energy profiles, are compared.
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Liu, Huanling, and Bin Zhang. "Optimization of Flow and Heat Transfer for a New Double-Layered Microchannel Heat Sink." In ASME 2019 6th International Conference on Micro/Nanoscale Heat and Mass Transfer. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/mnhmt2019-3967.

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Abstract In this paper, we propose a new type of DL-MCHS to improve the substrate temperature uniformity of the microchannel heat sink, and conduct the optimization of the New DL-MCHS. The heat transfer and friction characteristics of the novel DL-MCHS are studied by numerical simulation. We compare the heat transfer performance the new DL-MCHS with the traditional TDL-MCHS (the DL-MCHS with truncated top channels λ = 0.38). The results prove the effectiveness of the improved design by FLUENT simulation. When the inlet velocity is kept constant and coolant is water, the heat transfer performance of the New DL-MCHS is higher than that of TDL-MCHS leading to an increase of the temperature uniformity. In order to achieving the best overall heat transfer performance, an optimization of New DL-MCHS is performed by GA (genetic algorithm).
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Yadav, Vikas, and Ritunesh Kumar. "New Method of Flow Maldistribution Mitigation in Parallel Microchannel Heat Sink." In ASME 2017 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2017-69084.

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Microchannel heat sinks (MCHS) are explored as integrated cooling option in diversified applications ranging from microelectronic devices to nuclear reactors. Parallel channel MCHS suffers from the problem of flow maldistribution in channels. The phenomenon of flow maldistribution causes undesired effects such as non-uniform temperature distribution, increase in base maximum temperature and drop in MCHS performance. In the present single phase numerical study; flow maldistribution in vertical supply MCHS has been estimated by taking entire heat sink as computational domain. Three-dimensional governing equations for both fluid flow and energy transfer are solved by finite volume method. A novel heat sink design by splitting the inlet flow in two equal parts has been proposed to effectively reduce flow maldistribution problem in MCHS. Results of velocity distribution, temperature distribution of fluid and overall thermal performance of proposed MCHS are compared with the conventional MCHS design. Proposed scheme helps in reducing flow maldistribution problem significantly (∼55%) as compared to conventional MCHS.
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Bhaskaran, G., H. A. Mohammed, and N. H. Shuaib. "The Effect of Using Nanofluids on Triangular Microchannel Heat Exchanger Performance." In ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-38039.

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A numerical study is performed to study the effects of using various types of nanofluids on a triangular shaped microchannel heat exchanger (MCHE). The performance of an aluminum MCHE with various types of nanofluids such as Al2O3, CuO, SiO2, Ag and TiO2 and diamond particles with particle volume fraction of 2% using water as base fluid is comprehensively analyzed. The three-dimensional steady, laminar developing flow and conjugate heat transfer of a balanced MCHE were solved using finite volume method. In order to maintain laminar flow in the microchannels, Re number was ranged from 100 to 800. The other parameters tested in this study include the effects of Reynolds number towards the temperature, effectiveness and pressure drop of the MCHE. It is found that nanofluids have improved the temperature profile and heat transfer rate of the MCHE. The increase in pressure drop was minimal while the thermal and hydrodynamic performance of the heat exchanger was enhanced.
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Chiang, Gen-Tao, Martin Dove, Stuart Ballard, Charles Bostater, and Ian Frame. "A grid enabled Monte Carlo hyperspectral synthetic image remote sensing model (GRID-MCHSIM) for coastal water quality algorithm." In Remote Sensing, edited by Charles R. Bostater, Jr., Xavier Neyt, Stelios P. Mertikas, and Miguel Vélez-Reyes. SPIE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.689967.

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Abbassi, Hessamoddin, Mohammad H. Saidi, and Pouya Zageneh Kazemi. "Analysis of Microchannel Heat Sink Performance for Electronics Cooling Based on Thermodynamics." In ASME 4th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icnmm2006-96245.

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Present investigation analyzes the issue of entropy generation in a uniformly heated microchannel heat sink (MCHS). Analytical approach used to solve forced convection problem across MCHS, is porous medium model based on modified Darcy equation for fluid flow and two-equation model for heat transfer between solid and fluid phases. Furthermore, closed form solution of velocity distribution is employed to capture z-direction velocity gradient of flow, which plays a salient role on entropy generation through fluid flow. Analytical expressions for total and thermal entropy generation number (stems from heat transfer), and Bejan number are derived and cast into dimensionless form using velocity and temperature distributions. Besides, entropy generation characteristics in MCHS and the impact of various influential parameters on entropy production have been investigated. Finally, In order to examine the accuracy of analysis, the results of thermal evaluation are compared to one of the previous investigations conducted for thermal optimization of MCHS.
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Radwan, Ali, Essam M. Abo-Zahhad, O. Abdelrehim, A. H. El-Shazly, Shinichi Ookawara, M. M. Awad, M. F. El-Kady, Mohamed R. Elmarghany, Mohamed S. Salem, and Mahmoud A. Shouman. "Developing an Optimum Design of the Double Layer Microchannel Heat Sink for High Speed CPUs." In ASME 2020 18th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels collocated with the ASME 2020 Heat Transfer Summer Conference and the ASME 2020 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icnmm2020-1005.

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Abstract High speed CPUs and electronic chips usually dissipate relatively large quantities of energy in the form of heat. The limited available cooling space requires innovative and efficient thermal management techniques. These techniques must accomplish low operation temperatures along with uniform temperature distribution over the chip surface. Recently, several researches focused on developing different microchannel heat sink (MCHS) designs for this purpose. Among these designs is the double layer microchannel heat sink (DL-MCHS), which can be operated in either parallel flow (PF) or counter flow (CF) operation modes. The thermo-hydraulic characteristics of this heat sink was comprehensively investigated in the literature using numerical methods. However, based on the authors literature survey, all the previous numerical investigations considered the computational domain as a straight section with multi-channels in each layer. This approach assumes a uniform velocity for all the flow channels in each layer and neglect the effect of the inlet and outlet headers. In addition, the heat interaction between the coolant in both layers through the header section was not considered. These assumptions cause a considerable discrepancy between the numerical results in the literature and the realistic conditions. Therefore, in this work, a detailed 3D conjugate heat transfer model is developed. In this 3D model, DL-MCHS is designed with and without headers. The designed heat sinks are operated under PF and CF conditions. For a specific electronic chip with dimensions of 13 mm × 40 mm at a heat flux of 5 kW/m2. The model is validated with the experimental results in the literature. It is found that, including the header design in the simulation of the DL-MCHS must be considered in the simulation to predict the accurate thermo-hydraulic performance of the DL-MCHS specially in the CF. Further, using the DL-MCHS in PF operation accomplished a lower average chip temperature compared with the CF. Furthermore, at high coolant flowrate, neglecting the effect of the header in the CFD calculations can be approximated to predict the chip surface temperature. And finally, neglecting the header in the CFD calculations significantly affect the calculated pumping power for both PF and CF operated DL-MCHS.
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Radwan, Ali, Mohamed M. Awad, Shinichi Ookawara, and Mahmoud Ahmed. "Performance of Concentrator Photovoltaic Systems Integrated With Double Layer Microchannel Heat Sink." In ASME 2019 17th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icnmm2019-4259.

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Abstract In this study, a new design of double layer microchannel heat sink (DL-MCHS) has been monolithically fabricated using 3D metal printer and experimentally examined as a heat sink for concentrator photovoltaic (CPV) systems. Single phase liquid cooling using ethanol and flow boiling cooling using NOVEC-7000 coolant in the designed DL-MCHS are experimentally compared. The results proved that using the flow boiling cooling technique for the CPV systems attained a lower solar cell temperature with high temperature uniformity. In more details, flow boiling in counterflow (CF) operated DL-MCHS, attained a very low solar cell temperature close to the NOVEC-7000 boiling point with temperature uniformity of 0.2 °C over a wide range of coolant flow rate from 25–250 ml/hr.
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Shuvo, Abdul Aziz, AKM M. Morshed, Md Shariful Alam Emon, Amitav Tikadar, and Titan C. Paul. "Heat Transfer Characteristics of a Phase Change Material Fluid in Microchannels Under Pulsating Flow Condition." In ASME 2019 Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the ASME 2019 13th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2019-3608.

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Abstract:
Abstract In this study numerical investigation has been conducted employing pulsating flow in a MicroChannel Heat Sink (MCHS) with phase change material (N-eicosane) as the coolant. The numerical investigation was conducted with H1 boundary condition and laminar pulsating flow condition using commercial software FLUENT. Heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics of the MCHS was calculated for the PCM with different amplitude and frequency of the pulsation and compared with that of the water and PCM under constant velocity flow. Heat transfer performance of the MCHS for both the PCM fluid and water increases for the pulsating flow and it increases with the amplitude of the pulsation; however, pressure drop in case of pulsating flow of PCM fluid remains same compared to the steady flow of PCM. Simulation also has been repeated in this study for two different aspect ratio of the channel.
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10

Radwan, Ali, Mohamed M. Awad, Shinichi Ookawara, and Mahmoud Ahmed. "Performance Analysis of Concentrator Photovoltaic/Microchannel Heat Sink System Using Nanofluid." In ASME 2019 17th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icnmm2019-4256.

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Abstract In this study, the performance of concentrator photovoltaic (CPV) cell enhanced by using double layer microchannel heat sink (DL-MCHS) with nanofluid is investigated. Pure ethanol and 0.2 % Vol. Al2O3-ethanol are utilized to reduce the solar cell temperature under indoor solar concentration ratio of 5.7 Suns. The designed DL-MCHS is monolithically fabricated from Maraging steel using 3D metal printer. The experimental results showed that using parallel flow (PF) operation mode of the designed DL-MCHS is favourable for cooling the CPV system compared with the counter flow (CF) operation mode. In the cooled CPV using PF mode, the open circuit voltage enhancement is about 12.7% in comparison to the uncooled case. The nanofluid results also showed a reduction in the solar cell temperature in comparison with the pure coolant. The current results can be used as a validation step for accurate numerical modelling of nanofluid applications in CPV system cooling.
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