Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'MCDM'

Construction industry is known to cause major social, economic and environmental impacts on the society so that promoting sustainable construction practice affects positively and allows generating a balance among these pillars. Besides, to achieve sustainability goals in a building project, the stakeholders' needs and expectations have to be met and taken into consideration. One of the main and largest components of a building, which could highly contribute to the sustainability performance of the whole building is the facade. Previous studies confirmed the predominant role of facades in minimizing environmental effects and decreasing buildings' costs as well as providing comfort for inhabitants. Despite the impact of facades on sustainability, indicators that govern the performance of the pillars are often dismissed or, if considered, these are rather subjectively measured - especially those associated with the social requirement. On the other hand, the vast majority of the existing tools fail at considering stakeholders' satisfaction in the assessment and selection process of optimal facade systems. Within this context, a new comprehensive approach to quantify the sustainability index of facade systems including the most representative economic, environmental and social indicators and integrating the stakeholders’ satisfaction was developed. The approach is based on MIVES (Integrated Value Model for Sustainable Assessment), a Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) model, which allows minimizing the subjectivity in the decision-making process and relies on the value function concept. This new approach was particularly optimized for residential building facades and successfully validated by analyzing five residential facade systems commonly used in Barcelona. The model is applicable for other countries and cities as well. Furthermore, through assessing the sustainability of two real buildings and validating the goodness of the results, the applicability of this approach was demonstrated. The results proved several capabilities and potentials of the model, these being: (1) quantify, objectively, the sustainability of facade systems from the economic, environmental and social perspectives involving the stakeholders’ preferences and (2), identify strengths and weaknesses of facades that would allow implementing improving measures. The proposed approach was designed to be a decisive support for decision-making in the field of facade management. Findings confirm that the approach is valuable and suitable for use in practice by public and private stakeholders. Future works could be to develop a digital application for building and architectural offices so that these could consider sustainability in the design, assessment and selection processes of facades to make the best decision. Next research steps could also adapt this approach to other types of buildings in order to move towards more sustainable architecture and construction.
Es sabido que la industria de la construcción causa importantes impactos sociales, económicos y ambientales en la sociedad, por lo que promover prácticas de construcción sostenibles tiene efectos positivos y permite generar un equilibrio entre estos tres pilares de la sostenibilidad. Además, para lograr los objetivos de sostenibilidad en un proyecto de construcción, las necesidades y expectativas de las partes y profesionales implicados deben cumplirse y tomarse en consideración. Uno de los componentes principales y de más envergadura de un edificio, que podría contribuir en gran medida al comportamiento sostenible de todo el edificio es la fachada. Hay estudios previos que han confirmado el papel predominante de las fachadas a la hora de minimizar los efectos ambientales y disminuir los costos de los edificios, además de proporcionar comodidad a los habitantes. A pesar del impacto de las fachadas en la sostenibilidad, los indicadores que rigen el desempeño de los pilares a menudo se descartan o, si se consideran, se miden de manera bastante subjetiva, especialmente aquellos asociados con los aspectos sociales. Por otro lado, la gran mayoría de las herramientas existentes no tienen en cuenta la satisfacción de las partes interesadas en el proceso de evaluación y selección de sistemas de fachada óptimos. En este contexto, se ha desarrollado un nuevo modelo integral para cuantificar el índice de sostenibilidad de los sistemas de fachada, incluyendo los indicadores económicos, ambientales y sociales más representativos e integrando la satisfacción de las partes interesadas. El modelo se basa en MIVES, un modelo de toma de decisiones multi criterio (MCDM), que permite minimizar la subjetividad en el proceso de toma de decisiones y se basa en el concepto de función de valor. Este nuevo modelo ha sido especialmente optimizado para fachadas de edificios residenciales y validado con éxito mediante el análisis de cinco sistemas de fachadas residenciales de uso común en Barcelona. El modelo es aplicable a otros países y ciudades también. Además, al evaluar la sostenibilidad de dos edificios reales y validar la bondad de los resultados, se ha probado la aplicabilidad de este modelo. Los resultados han demostrado varias capacidades y potenciales del modelo, como son: (1) cuantificar, objetivamente, la sostenibilidad de los sistemas de fachada desde las perspectivas económicas, ambientales y sociales que involucran las preferencias de las partes interesadas y (2), identificar las fortalezas y debilidades de las fachadas, lo que permitiría implementar medidas de mejora. El enfoque propuesto ha sido diseñado para ser un soporte decisivo para la toma de decisiones en el campo de la gestión de fachadas. Los resultados confirman que el enfoque es valioso y adecuado para su uso en la práctica por parte de las partes interesadas públicas y privadas. Los trabajos futuros podrían ser desarrollar una aplicación digital para estudios de arquitectura y edificación para que estos estudios puedan considerar la sostenibilidad en los procesos de diseño, evaluación y selección de fachadas con el objetivo de tomar la mejor decisión. Los próximos pasos de investigación también podrían adaptar este enfoque a otros tipos de edificios para avanzar hacia una arquitectura y construcción más sostenible.

The number of newly developed Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) methods grew considerably in the last decades. Although their theoretical foundations are solid, there is still a lack of acceptance and application in the practical field. The objective of this research is the development of a conceptual model of factors that influence MCDM acceptance that serves as a starting point for further research. For this purpose, a broad diversified literature survey was conducted in the discipline of technology adoption and related topics (like human computer interaction) with special focus on MCDM acceptance. The constructs collected within the literature survey were classified based on a qualitative approach which yielded a conceptual model structuring the identified factors according to individual, social, technology-related, task-related and facilitating aspects. (author's abstract)

The objective of this thesis research is to model the multiple program objectives used by Defence Research and Development Canada (DRDC) for the annual management and allocation of their broad range of Science and Technology (S&T) projects in order to best achieve the strategic goals of the agency and the government. This M.Sc. thesis presents methodologies, techniques and applications in Linear Programming (LP) and Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) for decision support in program prioritization and project selection of the DRDC S&T projects. The results of this research produce a model that supports decision makers effectively in the assignment of limited human and financial resources to competing S&T projects based on the evaluation of projects that merit funding and the multiple criteria established by the organization. While there is a well-defined set of criteria for the annual program formulation process, the selection procedure is currently based on simple scoring processes and expert judgement; it lacks a well-defined and structured analysis. The application of an MCDM framework is proposed to take advantage of the well-structured problem and improve annual renewal and ongoing monitoring or project performance measures. The results of the analysis provide a traceable and rigorous MCDM framework to evaluate the performance of DRDC S&T projects for enhanced resource allocation.

Modern planning theories encourage approaches that consider different stakeholders with a variety of discourse types and values to minimise politically motivated and single interest dominated decisions. Quantitative approaches such as Multi-criteria Decision Making (MCDM) techniques combined with GIS have been applied successfully in a number of land suitability analysis and environmental planning and management scenarios. The use of spatial MCDM techniques can improve the transparency and analytic rigor of the future land use decisions. In the last decade, applications of the MCDM techniques in GIS-based land suitability procedures have increased, however, applying these techniques at large-scale planning processes is rare. This highlights the need for examining how quantitative approaches such as MCDM techniques can integrate and therefore improve local planning and decision-making outcomes. This study is considered to be the first that by using a realistic and detailed set of criteria and group decision making, compares two MCDM techniques (analytical hierarchy procedure (AHP) Fuzzy AHP) in defining the extent of land-use zones at a large scale in Australia. The presented approach is particularly helpful in situation where local decision-makers are left with considerable room for discretion during the political transitions. Consequently, this research examines the application of MCDM methods in local land use planning for a 17,500 ha area, controlled by four local government areas (LGAs) in the northeast Gold Coast, located in southeast Queensland, Australia.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith School of Environment
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
Full Text

The real estate selection process might be regarded as a typical Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) problem. With current literature concentrating predominantly on institutional investment decision making, additional effort should be directed towards studying inexperienced homebuyers who want to buy a property in which to live. In this context, authors have described the decision environment as a complex decision process with restricted access to property data, high financial burdens partially due to the illiquid nature of the investment, the unfamiliarity with the decision task and low transparency in information aggregation. Consequently, this situation could benefit from a more structured approach that assists homebuyers in their actions. In order to guide the decision making process and provide a suitable support mechanism, it is necessary to first structure the problem and extract the required information. A thorough literature review shows that little guidance is available for MCDM problem structuring. Consequently, this research first proposes an MCDM problem-structuring framework to decompose complex problems into smaller parts. Foremost, the application is intended for high-involvement consumer products and services. This framework is derived from MCDM and methodology literature, where the former provides the elements that need to be defined in any MCDM problem situation, and the latter suggests suitable data collection and analysis methods to obtain the information. As a result, the first contribution to existing literature is the introduction of an MCDM problem-structuring framework, which consists of a carefully designed sequential exploratory mixed method procedure. Next, following the proposed structure, the real estate selection problem in Majorca (Spain) is defined. Whilst providing the inherent problem elements and establishing a comprehensive list of evaluation criteria to assess luxury properties, the fieldwork also offers behavioural insights, contributing and supplementing existing real estate research. In particular, major misunderstandings and false assumptions during real estate agent and client interactions are observed, stressing the need to optimise communication and targeting strategies. On the basis of the relevant real estate evaluation criteria, a dataset of alternative houses is created and subsequently rated by prospective luxury-homebuyers. This provides the basis for the third research focus, the construction of a decision support model for real estate selection. In accordance to the problem features and model requirements, the Evidential Reasoning (ER) rule is identified to offer a powerful and transparent evidence aggregation process, with the potential to have a superior performance than other methods in addressing the selection decision. Due to the ER rule’s short history (2013), application studies in general are practically non-existing and unprecedented in the real estate domain. Therefore, the use of a modified ER model can provide the real estate literature with a prescriptive multi-criteria decision support mechanism, whilst simultaneously offering an application study for the MCDM community and other relevant decision analysis domains. In closing, modelling a real problem using the ER rule highlights the method’s advantages and might in turn increase awareness, leading to more applications.

In recent years investors in the financial markets around the globe have begun to focus on non-financial factors in their portfolio selection processes. Three main areas of concerns are: Environmental, Social and corporate Governance (ESG). Previous research has mainly focused on implementing these concerns using qualitative methods, e.g. negative screening. Our thesis integrates these concerns in a Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) framework, making it possible for investors to view the portfolio selection as a trade-o_ between three criteria: Return, Risk and ESG. This extends the traditional Markowitz frontier from two to three dimensions. Companies included are the ones in the index OMXS30. Return and risk are estimated using the single-index model. The ESG criterion is implemented as a linear function and estimated using two public ESG indices. We will use two different optimization methods, the weighted sum approach and the "-constraint method to compute the efficient frontier. These are evaluated and we conclude that each method has its own strengths and weaknesses. We can see that integrating ESG concerns as a third objective in addition to risk and return alters the portfolio selection process. It increases the complexity of choosing a portfolio, but also yielding a better decision basis for the investor. To mitigate the increase of complexity we propose the ESG-to-variability ratio in analogy with the Sharpe ratio, effectively reducing the number of portfolios an investor should consider.
Under senare år har investerare på världens finansiella marknader fått upp ögonen för icke-finansiella faktorer och hur dessa kan inkluderas i portföljvalsprocessen. Tre områden står i fokus: miljö-, sociala och bolagsstyrningsfrågor (på engelska förkortat ESG). Tidigare forskning har framför allt fokuserat på hur dessa faktorer kan implementeras genom att använda kvalitativa metoder som t.ex. negativ screening. Vår uppsats integrerar dessa faktorer i ett Multi- Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) framework, vilket möjliggör för investerare att se på portföljvalsprocessen som en avvägning mellan tre kriterier: Avkastning, Risk och ESG. Detta leder till att den traditionella Markowitzfronten utökas från två till tre dimensioner. De företag som inkluderats ar de som ingår i OMXS30. Risk och avkastning skattades genom att använda singleindexmodellen. ESG kriteriet ar implementerat som en linjär funktion och skattat genom att använda två publika ESG-index. För att beräkna den effektiva fronten använder vi två optimeringsmetoder: the weighted sum approach och the ε-constraint method. Dessa utvärderas och vi drar slutsatsen att respektive metod har såväl styrkor som svagheter. Vi kan se att ett inkluderande av ESG som en tredje målfunktion, utöver risk och avkastning, förändrar portföljvalsprocessen. Komplexiteten vid portföljval ökar, samtidigt som investeraren får ett bättre beslutsunderlag. För att lindra ökningen av komplexitet så introducerar vi the ESG-to-variability ratio i analogi med Sharpe ratio, vilket effektivt reducerar antalet portföljer en investerare bör välja emellan.

Methods based on pairwise comparison matrices (PCMs) form a significant part of multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) methods. These methods are based on structuring pairwise comparisons (PCs) of objects from a finite set of objects into a PCM and deriving priorities of objects that represent the relative importance of each object with respect to all other objects in the set. However, the crisp PCMs are not able to capture uncertainty stemming from subjectivity of human thinking and from incompleteness of information about the problem that are often closely related to MCDM problems. That is why the fuzzy extension of methods based on PCMs has been of great interest. In order to derive fuzzy priorities of objects from a fuzzy PCM (FPCM), standard fuzzy arithmetic is usually applied to the fuzzy extension of the methods originally developed for crisp PCMs. %Fuzzy extension of the methods based on PCMs usually consists in simply replacing the crisp PCs in the given model by fuzzy PCs and applying standard fuzzy arithmetic to obtain the desired fuzzy priorities. However, such approach fails in properly handling uncertainty of preference information contained in the FPCM. Namely, reciprocity of the related PCs of objects in a FPCM and invariance of the given method under permutation of objects are violated when standard fuzzy arithmetic is applied to the fuzzy extension. This leads to distortion of the preference information contained in the FPCM and consequently to false results. Thus, the first research question of the thesis is: ``Based on a FPCM of objects, how should fuzzy priorities of these objects be determined so that they reflect properly all preference information available in the FPCM?'' This research question is answered by introducing an appropriate fuzzy extension of methods originally developed for crisp PCMs. That is, such fuzzy extension that does not violate reciprocity of the related PCs and invariance under permutation of objects, and that does not lead to a redundant increase of uncertainty of the resulting fuzzy priorities of objects. Fuzzy extension of three different types of PCMs is examined in this thesis - multiplicative PCMs, additive PCMs with additive representation, and additive PCMs with multiplicative representation. In particular, construction of PCMs, verifying consistency, and deriving priorities of objects from PCMs are studied in detail for each type of these PCMs. First, well-known and in practice most often applied methods based on crisp PCMs are reviewed. Afterwards, fuzzy extensions of these methods proposed in the literature are reviewed in detail and their drawbacks regarding the violation of reciprocity of the related PCs and of invariance under permutation of objects are pointed out. It is shown that these drawbacks can be overcome by properly applying constrained fuzzy arithmetic instead of standard fuzzy arithmetic to the computations. In particular, we always have to look at a FPCM as a set of PCMs with different degrees of membership to the FPCM, i.e. we always have to consider only PCs that are mutually reciprocal. Constrained fuzzy arithmetic allows us to impose the reciprocity of the related PCs as a constraint on arithmetic operations with fuzzy numbers, and its appropriate application also guarantees invariance of the methods under permutation of objects. Finally, new fuzzy extensions of the methods are proposed based on constrained fuzzy arithmetic and it is proved that these methods do not violate the reciprocity of the related PCs and are invariant under permutation of objects. Because of these desirable properties, fuzzy priorities of objects obtained by the methods proposed in this thesis reflect the preference information contained in fuzzy PCMs better in comparison to the fuzzy priorities obtained by the methods based on standard fuzzy arithmetic. Beside the inability to capture uncertainty, methods based on PCMs are also not able to cope with situations where it is not possible or reasonable to obtain complete preference information from DMs. This problem occurs especially in the situations involving large-dimensional PCMs. When dealing with incomplete large-dimensional PCMs, compromise between reducing the number of PCs required from the DM and obtaining reasonable priorities of objects is of paramount importance. This leads to the second research question: ``How can the amount of preference information required from the DM in a large-dimensional PCM be reduced while still obtaining comparable priorities of objects?'' This research question is answered by introducing an efficient two-phase method. Specifically, in the first phase, an interactive algorithm based on weak-consistency condition is introduced for partially filling an incomplete PCM. This algorithm is designed in such a way that minimizes the number of PCs required from the DM and provides sufficient amount of preference information at the same time. The weak-consistency condition allows for providing ranges of possible intensities of preference for every missing PC in the incomplete PCM. Thus, at the end of the first phase, a PCM containing intervals for all PCs that were not provided by the DM is obtained. Afterward, in the second phase, the methods for obtaining fuzzy priorities of objects from fuzzy PCMs proposed in this thesis within the answer to the first research question are applied to derive interval priorities of objects from this incomplete PCM. The obtained interval priorities cover all weakly consistent completions of the incomplete PCM and are very narrow. The performance of the method is illustrated by a real-life case study and by simulations that demonstrate the ability of the algorithm to reduce the number of PCs required from the DM in PCMs of dimension 15 and greater by more than 60\% on average while obtaining interval priorities comparable with the priorities obtainable from the hypothetical complete PCMs.

Methods based on pairwise comparison matrices (PCMs) form a significant part of multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) methods. These methods are based on structuring pairwise comparisons (PCs) of objects from a finite set of objects into a PCM and deriving priorities of objects that represent the relative importance of each object with respect to all other objects in the set. However, the crisp PCMs are not able to capture uncertainty stemming from subjectivity of human thinking and from incompleteness of information about the problem that are often closely related to MCDM problems. That is why the fuzzy extension of methods based on PCMs has been of great interest. In order to derive fuzzy priorities of objects from a fuzzy PCM (FPCM), standard fuzzy arithmetic is usually applied to the fuzzy extension of the methods originally developed for crisp PCMs. %Fuzzy extension of the methods based on PCMs usually consists in simply replacing the crisp PCs in the given model by fuzzy PCs and applying standard fuzzy arithmetic to obtain the desired fuzzy priorities. However, such approach fails in properly handling uncertainty of preference information contained in the FPCM. Namely, reciprocity of the related PCs of objects in a FPCM and invariance of the given method under permutation of objects are violated when standard fuzzy arithmetic is applied to the fuzzy extension. This leads to distortion of the preference information contained in the FPCM and consequently to false results. Thus, the first research question of the thesis is: ``Based on a FPCM of objects, how should fuzzy priorities of these objects be determined so that they reflect properly all preference information available in the FPCM?'' This research question is answered by introducing an appropriate fuzzy extension of methods originally developed for crisp PCMs. That is, such fuzzy extension that does not violate reciprocity of the related PCs and invariance under permutation of objects, and that does not lead to a redundant increase of uncertainty of the resulting fuzzy priorities of objects. Fuzzy extension of three different types of PCMs is examined in this thesis - multiplicative PCMs, additive PCMs with additive representation, and additive PCMs with multiplicative representation. In particular, construction of PCMs, verifying consistency, and deriving priorities of objects from PCMs are studied in detail for each type of these PCMs. First, well-known and in practice most often applied methods based on crisp PCMs are reviewed. Afterwards, fuzzy extensions of these methods proposed in the literature are reviewed in detail and their drawbacks regarding the violation of reciprocity of the related PCs and of invariance under permutation of objects are pointed out. It is shown that these drawbacks can be overcome by properly applying constrained fuzzy arithmetic instead of standard fuzzy arithmetic to the computations. In particular, we always have to look at a FPCM as a set of PCMs with different degrees of membership to the FPCM, i.e. we always have to consider only PCs that are mutually reciprocal. Constrained fuzzy arithmetic allows us to impose the reciprocity of the related PCs as a constraint on arithmetic operations with fuzzy numbers, and its appropriate application also guarantees invariance of the methods under permutation of objects. Finally, new fuzzy extensions of the methods are proposed based on constrained fuzzy arithmetic and it is proved that these methods do not violate the reciprocity of the related PCs and are invariant under permutation of objects. Because of these desirable properties, fuzzy priorities of objects obtained by the methods proposed in this thesis reflect the preference information contained in fuzzy PCMs better in comparison to the fuzzy priorities obtained by the methods based on standard fuzzy arithmetic. Beside the inability to capture uncertainty, methods based on PCMs are also not able to cope with situations where it is not possible or reasonable to obtain complete preference information from DMs. This problem occurs especially in the situations involving large-dimensional PCMs. When dealing with incomplete large-dimensional PCMs, compromise between reducing the number of PCs required from the DM and obtaining reasonable priorities of objects is of paramount importance. This leads to the second research question: ``How can the amount of preference information required from the DM in a large-dimensional PCM be reduced while still obtaining comparable priorities of objects?'' This research question is answered by introducing an efficient two-phase method. Specifically, in the first phase, an interactive algorithm based on weak-consistency condition is introduced for partially filling an incomplete PCM. This algorithm is designed in such a way that minimizes the number of PCs required from the DM and provides sufficient amount of preference information at the same time. The weak-consistency condition allows for providing ranges of possible intensities of preference for every missing PC in the incomplete PCM. Thus, at the end of the first phase, a PCM containing intervals for all PCs that were not provided by the DM is obtained. Afterward, in the second phase, the methods for obtaining fuzzy priorities of objects from fuzzy PCMs proposed in this thesis within the answer to the first research question are applied to derive interval priorities of objects from this incomplete PCM. The obtained interval priorities cover all weakly consistent completions of the incomplete PCM and are very narrow. The performance of the method is illustrated by a real-life case study and by simulations that demonstrate the ability of the algorithm to reduce the number of PCs required from the DM in PCMs of dimension 15 and greater by more than 60\% on average while obtaining interval priorities comparable with the priorities obtainable from the hypothetical complete PCMs.

Significant investments are being made in the construction sector in order to raise the quality of the buildings and make them more sustainable and energy-efficient. The key aspect of these investments should be the purposeful optimization of the possible renovation and construction measures. However, this important matter usually is being pushed aside in favor of construction price and/or quality. Nevertheless, there are plenty of criteria that play a major role in building sustainable development. The main purpose of this study is to present a tool that combines multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) methods and building certification systems in order to make weighted decisions in complicated construction tasks. For this, a decision making model was developed with a focus on sustainability, buildings’ life cycle, MCDM methods, and building certification. The first section of this thesis, the introduction, discusses the importance of the investigated area, and the main objectives, tasks, and structure of the thesis. A literature review is presented in Section 2 – Theory. The main works in the area of sustainability, LCA, building certification, and MCDM are collected to show their role and importance and how they interact in the construction industry. Section 3 presents and discusses the main ideas and instructions of the proposed decision making model. Section 4 (Methodology) introduces the main existing and proposed techniques that I have used to implement the study. Sections 5 and 6 are the case studies, which demonstrate how the proposed methods can be used in practice. Final conclusions and recommendations are presented in Section 7.

QC 20170209

Funded by L.E. Lundberg foundation

[EN] Academics, managerial and policy making community reinforce that renewable energy investments are one of the most effective instruments to attain CO2 emission reduction targets set by the Kyoto Protocol and by the recent Paris Agreement signed at the Paris climate conference (COP21) in December 2015 in which 195 countries adopted the first-ever universal, legally binding global climate deal. The problem of financing Renewable Energy (RE) projects has become a crucial issue for private and public decision makers worldwide. Budget constraints from governments and limited bank lending capacities have led to a reconsideration of the traditional financial instruments in the RE sector. The lack of credit makes impossible for commercial banks to fund RE projects with traditional loans. Research on new financing techniques for RE projects, such as Project Finance (PF) has gained interest in recent years. PF is a recent technique applied in large investments projects. During the last decades of the 20th century new public private partnership schemes enabled large infrastructure, energy and environmental projects. In these sectors PF has been used to reduce cost agency conflicts and better risk management. There is a wide number of contributions underlying the relevance of RE, however there is a lack of research on the financial aspects of RE projects. This research aims to make several contributions. First, to provide a better understanding of the PF technique and its use in the RE sector. Second, to fill the gap of research on financial aspects of RE in the literature by reviewing contributions of MCDM to RE project evaluation from the investor's perspective. Third, we propose a MPDM Moderate Pessimism Decision Making model, which adds to the rational financial evaluation of investment opportunities a set of non-financial factors that affects the investor's decisions. Finally, within the illustrative example, we apply this multi-criteria decision making process to help banks to decide if they must join a project or not.
[ES] Investigadores, comunidad empresarial y clase política destacan que la inversión en energías renovables es uno de los instrumentos más efectivos para alcanzar los objetivos de reducción de CO2 establecidos por el reciente acuerdo firmado en la conferencia de Paris (COP21) en diciembre de 2015, en el cual, 195 países adoptaron el primer acuerdo universal y jurídicamente vinculante de la historia. El problema de la financiación de los proyectos de energía renovable (RE) es un tema crucial para cualquier decisor público o privado. Las limitaciones presupuestarias de los gobiernos y la falta de crédito han provocado que se reconsideren los instrumentos de financiación en el sector de las RE, por lo tanto, la investigación en nuevas técnicas de financiamiento para los proyectos de RE, como Project Finance (PF) ha ganado interés en los últimos años. PF es una técnica que se aplica en grandes proyectos de inversión. A finales del Siglo XX, los nuevos esquemas de colaboración público-privadas han permitido llevar a cabo grandes proyectos de infraestructuras y de RE. En estos sectores, el PF se ha utilizado para reducir costes, conflictos y mitigar riesgos. Numerosas contribuciones científicas subrayan la importancia de la RE, sin embargo hay un vacío en la investigación sobre los aspectos financieros de los proyectos de RE. Esta tesis tiene como objetivo aportar varias contribuciones. En primer lugar, proporcionar una mejor comprensión de la técnica del PF y su uso en el sector de las RE. En segundo lugar, cubrir el vacío existente en la literatura sobre la investigación de los aspectos financieros de las RE mediante la revisión de las contribuciones sobre MCDM para la evaluación de los proyectos de RE desde el punto de vista del inversor. En tercer lugar, se propone un modelo MPDM (Moderate Pessimism Decision Making), el cual añade a la evaluación financiera racional de oportunidades de inversión, un conjunto de factores no financieros que afectan a las decisiones de los inversores. Finalmente, se aplica este modelo multicriterio de toma de decisiones para ayudar a decidir a los bancos si deben unirse al proyecto.
[CAT] Investigadors, comunitat empresarial i classe política, destaquen que la inversió en energies renovables és un dels instruments més efectius per assolir els objectius de reducció de les emissions de CO2 establerts pel recent acord signat a la conferència de Paris (COP21) al desembre de 2015, mitjançant el qual, 195 països van adoptar el primer acord universal i jurídicament vinculant de la història. El problema del finançament dels projectes d'energia renovable (RE) s'ha convertit en un tema crucial per a qualsevol decisor públics i privats. Les limitacions pressupostàries dels governs i La falta de crèdit han provocat que es reconsiderin els instruments de finançament en el sector de les RE, per tant, la investigació en noves tècniques de finançament per als projectes de RE, com el Project Finance (PF) ha guanyat interès en els últims anys. PF és una tècnica que s'aplica en grans projectes d'inversió. Durant les últimes dècades del Segle XX, els nous esquemes de col-laboració publico-privades han permès portar a terme grans projectes d'infraestructures i de RE. En aquests sectors, el PF s'ha utilitzat per reduir costos, conflictes i gestionar millor els riscos. Existeixen nombroses contribucions científiques que subratllen la importància de la RE, però hi ha un buit en la investigació pel que fa als aspectes financers dels projectes de RE. Aquesta tesis té com a objectiu aportar diverses contribucions. En primer lloc, proporcionar una millor comprensió de la tècnica del PF i el seu ús en el sector de les RE. En segon lloc, cobrir el buit existent en la literatura sobre la investigació dels aspectes financers de les RE mitjançant la revisió de les contribucions sobre MCDM per a l'avaluació dels projectes de RE des del punt de vista de l'inversor. En tercer lloc, es proposa un model MPDM Moderate Pessimism Decision Making, que afegeix a l'avaluació financera racional d'oportunitats d'inversió, un conjunt de factors no financers que afecten les decisions dels inversors. Finalment, mitjançant un exemple il-lustratiu, s'aplica aquest model multicriteri de presa de decisions per ajudar a decidir als bancs si han de unir-se al projecte.
Mayor Vitoria, F. (2016). Project Finance and MCDM financial models: An application in renewable energy projects [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/73067
TESIS

Multi-citeriadecisionmakingisconcernedwithstructuringandsolvingdecisionandplanningproblemsinvolvingmultiplecriteria. Inadecisionscenario,adecisionmakerisgenerally required to provide his/her assessments of choices. To communicate the decision maker’spreferencedata,preferencerelationsareexceptionallyhelpfulinvariousfieldsof decision-making problem, for example, legislative issues, social brain science, designing, administration, business, and financial aspects, and so on. Sometimes, it has witnessed that in a situation a decision maker might not have a decent comprehension of a specific query, thus he/she can not make an instaneous contrast between each two objects. Consequently it necessities to allow the decision maker to avoid some questionable comparison adaptably. Therefore sometimes, due to lack of time and busy schedule of the decision maker, incomplete preference relations are obtained. In this case, incomplete preference relationsareobtained,andthewholeprocessmayslowdown. Inthisworkwehavedeveloped methods for complementing types of incomplete preference relations. Applications of different preference relations in MCDM, are also discussed. IntroductorychapterpresentsabriefreviewofuncertaintytheorythatisFuzzysettheory and some extension of the fuzzy set theory, to fuzzy relation. Also, this chapter discussestypeofpreferencerelationsforaddressingmulti-criteriadecisionmaking(MCDM). Thus, the present chapter creates a background, gives the motive of thesis work. Chapter2 define (e α ,e β )-cuts and the resolution form of the interval-valued intuitionisticfuzzy(IVIF)relationstodevelopaprocedureforconstructingahierarchicalclustering for IVIF max-min similarity relations. The advantage of the proposed scheme is illustrated in determining the criteria weights in MCDM problems involving IVIF numbers. A complete procedure is drawn to generate criteria weights starting from the criteriaalternative matrix of the MCDM problem with entries provided by a decision maker as interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy numbers. The chapter is based on a research paper “Hierarchical clustering of interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy relations and its applica xiii tion to elicit criteria weights in MCDM problems”, published in Opsearch, springer, 54, 388–416, (2017). Chapter 3 propose a characterization of the consistency property using newly defined transitivity property for intuitionistic multiplicative preference relations (IMPR) together withcomplementingmissingelementsforincompleteIMPR.Usingnewtransitivityproperty of IMPR, we have developed two different methods to find the missing element of IMPRs. Acceptably consistent with complete IMPRs is also checked. The another goal of this chapter is to achieve the consistent intuitionistic multiplicative preference relation using graphical approach. We have proposed two different characterization of the consistency for intuitionistic multiplicative preference relation(IMPR). In the first approach, we design an algorithm to achieve the consistency of IMPR by using the cycles of various length in a directed graph. The second approach proves isomorphism between the set of IMPRs and the set of asymmetric multiplicative preference relations. That result is explored to use the methodologies developed for asymmetric multiplicative preference relations to the case of IMPRs and achieve the consistency of asymmetric multiplicative preference relation using directed graph. Also, the above said method is applied for incompleteIMPR,hereconsistencyplayanimportantrole. Theillustrationsareprovidedto exemplify the designed methods. The chapter is based on a research paper “New transitivity property of intuitionistic fuzzy multiplicative preference relation and its application in missing value estimation”, published in Annals of Fuzzy Mathematics and Informatics, 16 (1), 71–86 (2018) and “Two different approaches for consistency of intuitionistic multiplicative preference relation using directed graph”, is communicated in Asia-pacific journal of operational research. Chapter 4 study the consistency property, and especially the acceptably consistent property, for incomplete interval-valued intuitionistic multiplicative preference relations. We propose a technique to evaluate missing elements which first estimates the initial values for all missing entries in an incomplete interval-valuedintuitionistic multiplicative preference relation and then improves them by a local optimization method. A method is developed to estimate the importance of the experts to achieve resultant consistent decision matrix in group decision situations. The proposed method is illustrated using two examples involving group decision scenario. The chapter is based on a research paper “Acceptably consistent incomplete interval-valued intuitionistic multiplicative preference relations”, is published in Soft Computing, Springer,22, 7463–7477 (2018). In Chapter 5, a new definition of additive consistency property of hesitant fuzzy pref xiv erence relation (HFPR) is given that preserves the property of hesitancy and is used to constructthecompleteHFPRfromincompleteone. ThesignificanceofconsistencymeasureforHFPRmakesurethattheDMsareneitherarbitrarynorunreasonable. Wedevelop a method to check consistency level of incomplete HFPR. A numerical example is illustrated to show the applicability of the designed methodology. Group decision-making problemwithincompleteHFPRisalsoconsidered. Thechapterisbasedonaresearchpaper“IncompleteHesitantFuzzyPreferenceRelation”,ispublishedinJournalofStatistics & Management Systems, Taylor & Francis, 21, (8) 1459–1479 (2018). Chapter 6 developed a method to complete incomplete hesitant multiplicative preference relations (HMPRs). A new definition of multiplicative transitive property of HMPR has given that preserve the hesitancy property and is used to construct the complete HMPR from incomplete one. An optimization model is developed to minimize the error. Also a linear programming model is developed to directly calculate the missing elements of incomplete HMPR. The satisfaction degree and the acceptably consistent of complete HMPR is also checked. The whole procedure is explained with a suitable example. The chapterisbasedonresearchpaper“AMethodtoComplementIncompleteHesitantMultiplicativePreferenceRelation”,publishedinInternationalJournalofResearchandAnalyticalReviews,5,(2)1421–1429(2018)and“IncompleteHesitantMultiplicativePreference Relation”,revisedversionsubmittedin Opsearch, Springer. After chapter 6 we present the summary of the research work carried out in this thesis. Further, the future research plan has been discussed in brief. Finally,thebibliographyandlistofpublicationshavebeengivenattheendofthethesis.

碩士
國立暨南國際大學
資訊管理學系
97
The mean-variance model proposed by Markowitz (1952) becomes a foundation for the theory of the portfolio selection. Therefore, most studies have focused on the effect of long position but paid less attention on the behavior of short selling and other criteria. In this study, we propose three multi-criteria portfolio selection models based on the mean-variance model with criteria of return, risk, short selling, β and skewness. And the multiple objective programming is used to deal with multi-criteria decision making problems. Two examples based on the Taiwan stock market are utilized to assess the proposed model by adopting a rolling window approach to simulate a real-life transaction situation. And we found the proposed model with multiple criteria has higher profit than mean-variance model.

碩士
稻江科技暨管理學院
休閒遊憩與旅運管理學系碩士班
103
Abstract The purpose of this study is to construct a decision making model for casino managers to improve the service quality. This paper uses decision making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) and DEMATEL-based analytical network process (DANP) to explore the interrelationship and influential weights within dimensions/criteria. The empirical findings reveal that the criteria of casino service quality possessed a self-effect relationship based on DEMATEL technique. Based on the influential network relation map (INRM), the dimension that managers should improve first when improving casino service quality is tangibility. In the ten criteria, polite of casino personnel is the most important criterion, followed by providing exclusive services, understand customer needs, proper accounts, records accurate, dedicated service, prompt service, professionals, staff appearance, and environmental equipment. Keywords: casino service quality, MCDM, DEMATEL, ANP

碩士
稻江科技暨管理學院
休閒遊憩管理學系碩士班
103
The purpose of this paper is to build a decision making model for casino managers to improve the casino sites. This paper uses decision making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) and DEMATEL-based analytical network process (DANP) to explore the interrelationship and influential weights within dimensions/criteria. The empirical findings reveal that the criteria of casino sites possessed a self-effect relationship based on DEMATEL technique. According to the influential network relation map (INRM), the dimension that managers should improve first when improving casino sites is geographical features. In the ten criteria, tourist resources is the most important criterion, followed by waste disposal, ecological balance, transport facilitation, transport costs, labor supply, government policies, public support, location and land use.

碩士
開南大學
企業與創業管理學系
99
Evaluation model of convertible bonds is an important financial evaluation for financial investment in recent years; the model indicates that options pricing theory and pure bond theory are most commonly used method. But it did not explain the relative weight of these two methods and what are the sub-factor that will influence the methods. Therefore the purpose of this thesis is to discuss more in details, which evaluation of convertible bonds did not explain. This paper use DEMATEL (Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory), and ANP (Analytic Network Process) to establish the evaluation model. Our research also uses VIKOR (VlseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje) to selection convertible bonds in three firms of technology industry. The result shows that these two factors have the relationship of interdependence and feedback. In these eight evaluation criteria, the most important factor that will affect investment is the convertible price, followed by the underlying stock price and yield to maturity. In the selection of technology industry, the leading manufacturer B is the closet to investor’s aspired level.

碩士
南臺科技大學
商管專業學院
104
Human resources has been evolving from not just an administrative discipline, but increasingly oriented around building relationships and employee management strategy. Human resources is beginning to flex new muscles backed with people analytics and organizations are further realizing they are as strong as the people within them. Leading global companies are starting to ask questions such as, “How can we make our workers improve performance and work better together?” and, “What can we do to make our employees feel happier to work here?” Google released their results from a two year project which discovered the eight criteria that determines what makes a good manager at Google (Garvin, Kind, & Wagonfeld, 2013). This research paper demonstrates a Fuzzy Set Theory Multi-criteria Decision Making (MCDM) tool to define the best managers according to that eight criteria. This MCDM tool is built to work with qualitative as well as quantitative information. The alternatives being analyzed give fuzzy values which are then converted back into crisp values via a Maximizing Minimizing Set method (Chen, 1985). This allows to easily discern a ranking of the best managers using the initial input of a set of decision makers.

碩士
國立中山大學
資訊管理學系研究所
90
In this e-commerce era, Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) has been viewed as the entering cost for conducting the business and establishing contact with others. ERP system is very expensive and enormous complex package software, and applies the best business practice with partial adjustment and integration to suit for the operation of different enterprises. But due to the characteristics of high investement, high complexity and high risk of failure of ERP systems, misfits have been one of important issues for the implementation of ERP systems. Therefore, the selection of an appropriate ERP system has become the key factor leading to the eventual success of an ERP system implementation. And we select an appropriate ERP system by studing a case that uses ELECTRE I as evaluating tool. This paper first identifies a set of evaluating criteria based on the extensive literature review and the considerat5ion of the environment and characteristics of ERP systems. Once the list was generated, an iterative process of personal interview with the consultant, suppliers, users and managers was conducted to modify the evaluating criteria in order to insure the integrity of it. The result of this study is not only can contribute to the understanding of the functionalities of an ERP system, but also can provide a practical guideline for the selection of an ERP system.

碩士
國立臺北科技大學
工業工程與管理系碩士班
101
International organizations concerning environmental protection have advocated that all products for environmental protection must be made and used properly by law as people, nowadays, have become more and more concerned about our mother nature. Therefore, many companies have been forced to implement Green Supply Chain Management. For recent years, academic thesis about this issue has been frequently discussed. However, the discussion of the environmental performance by Green Supply Chain Management doesn’t seem to be much. Thus, to model the study for the evaluation of the green suppliers, this study pointed out 12 criteria and 4 dimensions by the related references and the survey by the specialists. Through Multiple-criteria Decision Making, this study has confirmed the structural relation by using Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL). And this study also combines this method with DEMATEL-based on Analytic Network Process (DANP) to find weights of criteria. At last, this study finds the optimal green supplier for the business manager. The finding suggests that green certifications be the most important criterion. Government regulation and environmental legal-compliance came in second priority. Experts think the regulation compliance is a basic requirement in the selection of suppliers. There are plenty of international environmental certification organizations, firms should first obtain the certificate to enter the green supply chain. This study can provide firms with selecting the optimal green suppliers. Decision makers can use this evaluation process to prioritize the suppliers. Finally, this study also can find out the key strategy of implementing Green Supply Chain Management.

碩士
德明財經科技大學
物流管理系
102
This research focuses on the analysis of Taipei “White Paper on Transport Policy”, aiming to use Multiple Criteria Decision Making on policy evaluation model, for promoting policy planning and evaluation of reference. The research literature analysis is based on the report "Evaluation policy and guidelines for evaluations”; to advance the proposed evaluation criteria and to use Fuzzy Delphi survey questionnaire as a research tool. In this study, the transport policy experts include Taipei government civil service and academic experts. The research method uses Fuzzy Delphi Method (FDM), After analyzing the expert opinion, this study establishes transport policy evaluation framework divided into "efficiency", "effectiveness", "impact", "relevance" and "sustainability" forming the five main criteria as well as twenty guidelines. The results of this research will enable government officials in policy planning, policy-relevant research scholars and industry circles to implement policies related to contractors and other objects of reference.

碩士
開南大學
空運管理學系碩士班
95
In today’s highly competitive marketing of air transportation, preferable airline images are acknowledged as having the potential to impact on customer loyalty toward the firm. Those images will not only influence frequent customers to choose familiar airlines in next flight, but also through the word-of-mouth, they will heavily impact on other potential customers’ purchasing behaviors who has not yet had experience with the airline. The management of airline image is a challenging task. If managed properly, positive airline images can add value to a firm in many ways. On the other hand, it would destroy an airline’s reputation and alienate their customers. Airline image provides a powerful way of differentiating with their competitors and stimulating purchase. However, the airline image is a vague concept and difficult to quantitative measurement in the past. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to provide a fuzzy MCDM (Multi Criteria Decision Making) model to quantified image of airlines so that management can fully comprehend the relative positioning of airlines in the market, make informed judgments about it and decisively act upon it. The result of study shows that, both service quality and corporate image are important dimensions to the evaluation of experts and passengers; with regard to airlines which provide intangible service, they should pay much attention to both main dimensions which would be main actual-touched services by passengers. According to passengers’ evaluation, here we suggest each airline mentioned in this study to modify the parts where passengers consider to be strengthened, in order to stabilize passengers’ traveling options. In addition, as for the corporate image established by each airline, it could be found the most suitable competitive niche by corporate 's own advantage; to do different strategies base on different advantages and enterprise image of each airline, so as to make deep image for passengers, creating unusual enterprise image for the purpose of creating a win-win situation of profit.

碩士
國立中山大學
資訊管理學系研究所
94
Since the internet opened for commercial use, more and more e-Stores are built on the World Wide Web .It is important to know which factors are the main concerns for the selection of an e-Store become the key points that our research institute will discuss next. This paper first identifies a set of evaluating criteria concerning e-Store based on the extensive literature review, and the evaluating criteria for the option on e-Store is made after consideration of the environment and characteristics of e-Store. Then, an iterative process of personal questionnaires with the e-Store consumers was conducted to modify the evaluating criteria in order to ensure its integrity, and decide the importance of each of evaluating criteria. Secondly, we’ll choose an appropriate e-Store by studying a case with ELECTRE I as an evaluation method. The result of this research not only can contribute to the understanding of e-Store evaluation, but also provide a practical guideline for the enterprise that will introduced e-Store in the near future.

碩士
國立交通大學
科技管理研究所
93
According to the development of Internet, plenty and useful information let e-learning becomes a trend of learning and training in 21st century. In recent years, USA, Europa and Taiwan, etc. has started to promote e-learning. They hope masses could learn what they want to know through Internet. Due to the promotion of e-learning, each corporation has started to promote e-learning, so the training costs could be reduced, the courses could reuse, and the learners could learn without any limitation. As a result, e-learning became a new method to do training in corporations. Therefore, how to evaluate the effectiveness of e-learning is a very important issue. For this purpose, according to literature review, this research found out 58 elements which are related to e-learning effects evaluation. Then, we adopted the factor analysis to categorize each element; the results are 9 main factors. Under each factor, we used DEMATEL method to determine the influence relationship of each element. After that, we adopted fuzzy integral to determine the weights of each element, and then use AHP method to calculate the final weights of 9 factors. We took Masterlink Securities Corp. as our empirical study, we chosen two courses as analysis targets. After the evaluation, the results could be shown that this e-learning evaluation model is applicable and it also indicated elements which need to be improved.

碩士
國立海洋大學
河海工程學系
91
Our work concerns the problem that the demand of passengers exceeds the capacity of the existing train schedule of Taipei Mass Rapid Transit. This article presents a model for the optimization of the tactical train schedules, which maximizes the level of the service and minimizes the risk of the operation. The model is an application of a multi-objective programming and a new approach of fuzzy measures named MOFA. The research of MOFA is divided into two stages. The first stage is to create Application of Integration Model MOFA to Train Scheduling that is considered to maximize the level of service and minimize the risk of operation. We also examine it from several aspects such as the constraint of the signal system, the customer service, and the safety in this model. However, the conflict of trains at a terminal station has to be taken into consideration as well. The purpose of the first stage is to evaluate a lot of sets of the strategic headway (i.e. non-inferior), in which satisfies the preceding objectives and all the constraints. We could obtain several alternatives of headway by scenario approaching in this stage, and the result would apply to the next stage. The second stage is the extension of the first stage, which is an application of new fuzzy measures and fuzzy integrals approaching to calculate weights between the objectives. When we determine the weight of the objectives on decision-making problem. The approach of the fuzzy measures and fuzzy integrals, which Sugeno provided, always needs a lot of input information. Therefore, the new fuzzy measure approach needs fewer inputs to calculate the weights of an objective. We could evaluate the optimal solution for headway of train scheduling in this stage. In the previous publications, the researchers focused on the conflict between two trains passing or meeting at a common section. Moreover, they only considered a single objective when they formulated a model of train scheduling. In our model, we both consider that the conflict between two trains passing or meeting at a common section in the strategic headway model, and also the satisfy multi-objective. Additionally, we apply the new fuzzy measure approach to dominate the alternatives. We also present the results of a computational study with the model. The processing techniques are tested based on the data from Taipei Mass Rapid Transit. The result of the case study will assist the dispatchers of Taipei MRT in their train schedule planning works.

碩士
開南大學
商學院碩士在職專班
102
Abstract In this study, we applied new hybrid multiple criteria decision making (MCDM) model. The model comprises decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) to explore the interdependent and feedback problems among criteria for building the influential network relation map (INRM), DEMATEL-based ANP (DANP) to find the influential weights, and VlseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje (VIKOR) combining DANP to evaluate and improve the performance matrix of each alternative based on INRM for achieving the greatest airport performances. In this paper we have the following conclusion:the dimension of assurance of international airport services is the major influence which has impact on the tangibility; and the criterion of equipment and comfortable is the critical to the airport service quality. According to the empirical results, we provide the following suggestions to the airport company: To implement a risk management system for criteria safety inspection and automatic e-gate in order to ensure the airport service quality; to establish the overall logistic support management system；and to use the airport service quality evaluation model to prove service quality. Keywords: Airport Service Quality, MCDM, DEMATEL, DANP, VIKOR, aspiration level

碩士
開南大學
商學院碩士在職專班
102
Cultural and creative industries, by definition is a combination of cultural and creative industries. While the culture has many different definitions of the term. Broadly speaking refers to living together in a society of people that have similar habits, customs, and beliefs. Narrowly speaking, which means the art is a people created by the new types of products. Whether in the narrow or broad culture, a culture of creativity that is present in both cultures, adding each country, ethnic, and other creative individuals, giving a new style and cultural value. This paper utilizes decision making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL), DEMATEL-based analytical network process (DANP), and VlseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje (VIKOR) to explore the interrelationship, influential weights, and the gaps of aspiration level within dimensions/criteria. The criteria of cultural and creative industries possessed a self-effect relationship based on DEMATEL technique according to the influential network relation map (INRM). In the fourteen criteria, green design is the most significant criterion. The gaps within each industry for improving the cultural and creative industries performance are displayed in the results.

碩士
南台科技大學
資訊管理系
92
Numerous articles have been published to deal with multiple-criteria decision-making (MCDM) problems since it is important to many fields. Hwang and Yoon proposed TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) method to solve MCDM problems. It is one of the most popular MCDM methods. In classical TOPSIS methods, decision-makers employ crisp values to evaluate criteria and alternatives. However, in practical situations, the available data used in decision-making problems are often imprecise and vague. By use of fuzzy set theory, one can incorporate qualitative information and vague information into the decision model. Therefore, several fuzzy TOPSIS methods are developed to handle decision problems. However, these approaches still have some shortcomings. In this study, to overcome these shortcomings, we propose a TOPSIS based method under group decisions to deal with fuzzy MCDM problem. Triangular fuzzy numbers are utilized to represent both the importance weights of attributes and the ratings of alternatives under different attributes. The positive ideal solution and negative ideal solution are determined according to fuzzy maximum procedure and fuzzy minimum procedure. The separation distance of each alternative to positive and negative ideal solution can also be yielded through fuzzy similarity measure. According to the calculated relative closeness coefficients, the ranking order of all alternative candidates can be decided. Also, A numerical example of selection of enterprise resource planning (ERP) system is also included to demonstrate the proposed method.

碩士
南台科技大學
企業管理系
97
Real estate investment can be a profitable business, but can also be a very risky one if important factors are not dealt with caution. This study introduces a fuzzy multiple-criteria decision-making (MCDM) model for the evaluation of real estate investments in the Philippines. The model considers both quantitative and qualitative criteria as well as different importance of the criteria. A modified version of Chen’s maximizing set and minimizing set was made to resolve its ranking inconsistencies. The feasibility of the model is demonstrated through a numerical example and the final evaluation values are obtained. The study shows that the proposed model is flexible and can be customized to the needs and requirements of the interested party.

碩士
開南大學
商學院碩士在職專班
105
In recent years, the Internet of Things (IoT) is a hot topic in the global technology industry, and it’s popularity is not the upsurge of the Internet in the 1990s. However, the convenience brought about by the Internet of things and the future development has huge potential. Various manufacturers are all optimistic about this. And enterprises in the cross-industry into the Internet of Things sites need to have key factors, and enterprises in the construction of things have to follow the performance. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an Internet ofThings evaluation system through the evaluation system. In this study, we use DEMATEL to construct the model of IoT system by interviewing experts and literatures. First, the development trend of the Internet of Things is expounded, and the key factors of the Internet of Things are discussed, and then the evaluation index system of the Internet of Things is established. Then the Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) is used to evaluate the inter- Between the impact of relevance. And then combined with DANP (DEMATEL-Based ANP) to assess the impact of Internet of things indicators and the importance of the degree of conversion, the establishment of Internet of Things performance evaluation system. Finally, we use the compromise ranking method (VIKOR) to find the worst indicators of the performance evaluation of individual enterprises, and make a concrete improvement strategy through the system structure model decision.

碩士
開南大學
空運管理學系
99
With the growing of global economic activities and the promotion of free trade, as well as the differences and divisions of labor of production technique in various countries and areas, the demand for international cargo transportation has been increasingly growing recently. As air cargo activity plays a vital role, the services provided by air carriers are coming into a diversified competitive era. Therefore, the competitiveness of the air cargo department will have a great influence on the operational performance of an airline company. This study takes airlines as the object of study, while surveys were conducted by air transport experts so as to understand the factors affecting the competitiveness of air cargo business. When discussing the competitiveness of air cargo business, this study was separated into two phases. In phase Ⅰ, aspects and criteria affecting the competitiveness of air cargo were established according to the study object, while important criteria were sifted out and research structure verified by means of expert survey. In phase Ⅱ, Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process were utilized to obtain the weightings of each aspect and criterion, and Fuzzy Multi-Criteria Decision Making then applied to evaluate and prioritize the implementation alternatives. The study reveals that accuracy is the most important factor affecting air cargo competitiveness, followed by safety, promptness, convenience and efficiency. Furthermore, according to the assessment of the four implementation alternatives, Japan Airlines is considered the most competitive by the decision-making group. This study assesses the strength and weakness of each criterion of airline companies, hoping to provide some beneficial advice to them. Moreover, assists the airline companies in the understanding and improvement of inadequacies in their operation, wishing for an improvement of better quality in domestic air cargo business.

碩士
開南大學
企業與創業管理學系
101
The purpose of this study is to construct a decision making model for airline managers to improve the service quality. This paper uses decision making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL), DEMATEL-based analytical network process (DANP), and VlseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje (VIKOR) to probe into the interrelationship, influential weights, and the gaps of aspiration level within dimensions/criteria. The empirical findings discover that the criteria of airline service quality possessed a self-effect relationship based on DEMATEL technique. According to the influential network relation map (INRM), the dimension that managers should improve first when improving airline service quality is tangibility. In the fourteen criteria, service efficiency of airline personnel is the most important criterion, followed by competence of flight crew, responsiveness of crew, handling of customer complaints, courtesy of crew, language skills of crew, airline flight safety and security measures, appearance of crew, extended travel service, comfort and cleanliness of seats, promptness and accuracy of baggage delivery, convenient ticketing process, on-time performance, and on-board entertainment services. The gaps within each airline for improving the service quality are included in the results.

碩士
開南大學
商學院碩士在職專班
104
When organizations face changing environment especially the ever-changing information technology, enterprise business model system architecture, organization, processes, staff skills need to be updated, on the other hand demand from the business side of the incoming, enterprise business unit saddled with routine maintenance projects, complicated task hard work, but feel the effect is not obvious. Often let the industry feel the progress is too slow control units, or let management solutions feeling behind the industry standard, leading to declining competitiveness, how to enhance the competitiveness of the moment, that from where to begin. In this study, China Airlines, for example, Hybrid multi-criteria decision making empirical performance indicator system evaluation model established by expert survey innovation capacity of five indicators aviation facets of factors, and then use the decision-making laboratory analysis to establish the aviation industry innovation System structure model index system capacity, followed by DANP methods weights the relative influence of the performance evaluation of the structure of the surface layer, so the findings may help companies find innovative strategies to promote research model of this study also discussed the facets of the performance measurement system Interaction between five indicators facets thirteen criteria relationship index system, the system structure model to understand the various facets of the center of the degree of influence with the influence of the data in the ability index system weights the relative influence decision making in assisting enterprises to deploy resources . The study recommended that the airline industry to enhance innovation capability of the issue, the business model and core competitiveness of the location, for consistency with the sector competition policy has a positive impact the project execution.

碩士
國立宜蘭大學
建築與永續規劃研究所碩士班
105
Taiwan is an island surrounded by sea, there is therefore a lot of rainfall. However, the precipitation concentrates in summer and fall. Groundwater becomes salinization due to abstracted overclose and not suitable for be the establishment of large reservoirs to portable water. All these result in Taiwan’s water scarcity. Average Taiwanese own portable water per year are 1/5 of world average portable water per year. Climate change and greenhouse effect make nature water resources become more scarce, this will then affect national economy. Establishing desalination plants is one of water resources developing strategies. In this study the criteria for the desalination plant site selection are extracted from literature review. DEMATEL method－（Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory）is used to investigate the relationship and influences among the criteria. ANP (the Analytic Network Process) methods is applied to calculate the weight of each criterion. Three desalination plant sites in Tainan Taiwan were used as alternatives in this study. The author consulted the experts to assess the scores for each of the alternatives. Finally, VIKOR (VlseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje in Serbian, means Multicriteria Optimization and Compromise Solution) method was applied to rank the alternatives. The most important criterion of desalination plant site selection is［Adequate quantity and quality of feed water”. It means desalination plant must be suitably located in a marine environment where adequate quantity of feed water with a reasonable good, uniform and steady quality can be abstracted at a reasonable cost. In other words, desalination plant should not in here what if not to conform to the indicator. Concerning the total weighed score with ANP weights, alternative A’s total weighed score is the highest than the other two alternatives, namely alternative B and alternative C. When ν＝0.5, the Qk value（advantage rate）of alternative A is equal to that of alternative C from total site program analysis by VIKOR. However, the weighted score of ” Adequate quantity and quality of feed water” in alternative A is higher than that of alternative C. In other words, alternative A is a top priority in desalination plant site selection in this study.

碩士
國立成功大學
工業與資訊管理學系碩士在職專班
102
SUMMARY In the petrochemical industry, the choice of contractors will be relevant to the company's production equipment, utilization rate and availability rate, the production schedule of preparation and arrangements. In addition, contractors of industrial accidents will affect the company's operational risk. How to properly and effectively choose the best contractor is the focus of the research. In the field of supply chain management, supplier selection, there are many choices of criteria and research methods, mostly which use Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) methods to construct the appropriate decision-making model. To select using the contractor selection criteria and MCDM method, a comparative analysis to explore the literature is described. When coupled with group decision (Group Decision Making, GDM) and Fuzzy Set Theory (FST), the analysis method and decision- making process are more complex, but also can improve the quality of decision-making. In this research, by using AHP and Fuzzy TOPSIS evaluation methods among MCDM, it uses AHP crisp value as decision makers for “Rating” steps, and to reduce criteria for the number of pairwise comparisons and fuzzy complex calculations. After the project supervisor evaluates the contractor sub-criteria semantic score, and Positive Ideal Solution (PIS) and Negative Ideal Solution (NIS) are calculated, and then based on each contractor’s PIS and NIS distance, the contractors are ranked. A contractor is selected to provide the best advice. Key word：Contractor selection、FMCDM、Fuzzy TOPSIS、AHP INTRODUCTION The petrochemical industry is a capital- and technology-intensive, economies of scale and market oligopoly industry, but also consumes large amounts of energy, produces environmental pollution, and is considered a high-risk industry. Because petrochemical raw materials are mostly combustible, flammable, explosive and toxic substances, industrial safety and accident risks are higher, compared to other industries. Therefore, the choice of contractors in the petrochemical manufacturing contractor management should be at the highest consideration. This research focuses on important engineering / project engineering before awarding procurement contracts, for the selection of contractors. First, according to the group decision makers, selection criteria and weights, followed by using the fuzzy MCDM methods, to provide the priority for evaluating and sorting contractors properly, also provide bargain reference for the purchasing department. Literature reviews focused on three topics. First, the supplier selection and the contractor selection of literature of evaluation choice criteria analyze the differences and importance of their selection of criteria. Second, a description and discussion on multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods have methodology and the application of the methodology to perform MCDM to collate and analyze relevant literature for supplier selection and contractor selection. Third, the MCDM method adds Fuzzy Set Theory (FST), combined with the relevant methodology described in the literature, to investigate contractor selection. Research methods explain contractor selection, decisions to use criteria and weights of settings, and the use of AHP and Fuzzy TOPSIS methodology to introduce principles and applications for the selection of contractors of priority selection. Example of verification is when the company will verify the case of a project contracting, the practical application of research methods, and the methodology used in this research. From the questionnaires, individual and group decision-makers provide data and decision criteria weights to obtain and calculate the optimal solution. Sensitivity analysis verifies the stability and consistency of research methods, in line with expectations decision maker. Finally, conclusion reconfirmed the results of this research. RESEARCH METHODS First, experts were selected in various fields as a group decision-making team, according to literature about the supplier selection and contractor selection of choice according to evaluation criteria, by (pre-test) questionnaire to assess the integration of experts team, determine main criteria and sub-criteria to choose contractor, the use of AHP, perform pairwise comparisons between the criteria, then a (post-test) questionnaire group decision by expert team, determine the main criteria and sub-criteria weights, rating completion of the first phase. Furthermore, each of the important engineering or project engineering supervisor, uses Fuzzy TOPSIS method to evaluate each contractor. The contractors were selected through a nine-scale linguistic variables to measure the value of sub-criteria semantic score and can be obtained after each consolidated a contractor's overall score (performance). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Figure 1、the main criteria and sub-criteria framework of contractor selection AHP calculated criteria weights In this research, according to the case’s Engineering Department, 11 senior executives are composed of as expert team to do the pre-test questionnaire, selection of criteria for main and sub-criteria. According to Dickson's 23 selection criteria and those the supplier selection and contractor selection from the literature of the final evaluation structure includes six main criteria and ten sub-criteria. Figure 1 shows the main criteria and sub-criteria framework of contractor selection. The numbers in Figure 1 show the main criteria and sub-criteria weight values. Five experts from the term are selected to fill post-test questionnaire. The Expert Choice software is used to help analyze the consistency test. As shown in Table 1, five experts evaluation CI and CR values as well as CIH and CRH values of the overall level are less than 0.1 which meet the requirement of consistency. Table 1、CI and CR values of individual experts Versus CIH and CRH values of the overall level Fuzzy TOPSIS translated composite score Using a power engineering company's example as an empirical case. Fuzzy TOPSIS analysis is performed in a step-by-step way as follows： Step1：Set 9-scale fuzzy linguistic measure value Two kinds of linguistic variable sets are constructed, as listed in Table 2. Table 2、Linguistic variables and fuzzy number Step2：Construct fuzzy decision matrix ─score of contractors In this example, there are five contractors to be evaluated. Table 3 shows the linguistic ratings, which are then translated as fuzzy numbers based on linguistic variable in Table 2. Table3、Contractors basic information, quotes, and supervisor score sheet Table4、Fuzzy number score sheet (Decision Matrix ) Step3：Calculate the weighted decision matrix ─ sub-criteria weights, and composite score Based on weights of sub-criteria and Table 4, the weighted decision matrix is obtained using , as shown in Table 5. Table5、The weighted decision matrix Step4：Determine FPIS and FNIS According to the characteristic of each sub-criteria, the FPIS( ) and FNIS( ) are shown below： [(1,1,1), (1,1,1), (1,1,1), (1,1,1), (1,1,1), (1,1,1), (1,1,1), (1,1,1), (0,0,0), (1,1,1)] =[(0,0,0), (0,0,0), (0,0,0), (0,0,0), (0,0,0), (0,0,0), (0,0,0), (0,0,0), (1,1,1), (0,0,0)] Step5：Compute the distance of each contractor from FPIS and FNIS using vertex method According to the formula： , calculate the alternatives (contractors) distance from FPIS and FNIS. Step6：Calculate each alternative (contractor) relative closeness degree CCi * with FPIS Calculate each alternative (contractor) relative closeness degree CCi * with FPIS by the formula： , as shown in Table 6. Step7：Sort alternatives (contractors) Based on the closeness degrees, the priority of contractors is ranked as B〉 D〉 A〉 C〉 E. Table 6、Each alternative (contractor) relative approximation with FPIS Analysis of sensitivity By exchanging weight values of 10 sub-criteria pairwisely, we can have 45 kinds of combinations. The relative closeness degree (CCi *) is calculated from each combination, the numerical results are shown in Table 7, Figure 2 shows the numerical analysis. Table 7 and Figure 2 show that a combination 5 (w1 and w6 are exchanged) and combination 7 (w1 and w8 are exchanged), “A” contractor can get the highest CCi * value, while “B” contractor is the best in the remaining 43 combinations. Showing the results with the stability and consistency. Figure 2、Sensitivity analysis curve (CCi*=0.13~0.19) Table 7、Sensitivity analysis table Research results 1. Construct the model of engineering contractor selection mechanism for petrochemical industry, which is different from other industries supplier selection and contractor selection literature. 2. Combine AHP and Fuzzy TOPSIS to propose a new framework to select contractor, making the appraisal objective. 3. The results from demonstrated example are consistent with the expectation of the professionals in the real world, confirming the approach effective. 4. Sensitivity analysis, shows the stability and consistency of the validation methodology. CONCLUSIONS This research considers the processes for making decision of the contractor selection in petrochemical industry. The characteristics of this research are to integrate expert opinions, AHP, Fuzzy TOPSIS and considered as effective solution to the problem on industry practices.

碩士
國立臺灣科技大學
管理學院MBA
102
Supplier evaluation and selection are critical decision making processes that require consideration of a variety of attributes. Numerous studies have been presented for effective evaluation and selection of suppliers by utilizing many techniques such as linear weighting methods, mathematical programming models, statistical methods and artificial intelligence-based techniques. This study presents a novel hybrid model which integrates fuzzy Delphi, fuzzy decision making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL), fuzzy analytical network process (ANP), data envelopment analysis (DEA) and neural network to assess supplier performance. First, fuzzy Delphi and fuzzy DEMATEL are used to define and construct fuzzy ANP structure which is employed to determine corresponding weight for each criterion. These weights are further used by DEA to overcome that the users cannot set up criteria weight preferences for DEA. Then, DEA is applied to classify the existing suppliers based on the resulting efficiency scores. Finally, firm performance-related data is utilized to train neural network model and we can apply the trained model to evaluate new suppliers. The experiment result indicates that even though potential suppliers are not many, the proposed model still can rank the potential suppliers effectively. The model solves DEA’s limit of the decision making unit (DMU) number and considers decision makers preferences. It yields a favorable prediction accuracy rate of efficiency score to rank the potential suppliers. This proposed model is more feasible for the small and medium enterprise which often has few suppliers.

碩士
華梵大學
資訊管理學系碩士班
95
Abstract With the development of the Internet technology, many corporate confidential documents have been digitized, making them easy to be copied and disseminated. Most leaks of confidential documents are done by internal employees or resigned employees. Therefore, enterprises have implemented the Enterprise Digital Rights Management (E-DRM) system to prevent intellectual property from leaking. However, due to different internal and external environmental factors and policy needs, such as operational strategies, economics, organization, environment and staff acceptance, enterprise decision-makers need to make the right decision when implementing the system. This study proposes a complete decision-making framework for implementation of the E-DRM system based on the 10 administrative items of BS7799. This decision-making framework is able to assist enterprises in discovering the key factors in successfully implementing the E-DRM system and effectively adjusting the implementation strategies. This study uses the Fuzzy Multi-criteria Decision Making (FMCDM) to construct a Decision Support System (DSS) for implementation of the E-DRM system, which involves assessment of factor weights, conversion of qualitative factors into quantitative analysis, how to conduct a comprehensive evaluation, etc. This study first performed a risk analysis and risk assessment for information assets, including risk assessment, risk treatment, and risk tolerance and communication of enterprises, to help enterprises make decisions favorable to their operational performance when implementing the E-DRM system. We also interviewed experts on the E-DRM system to obtain preliminary risk assessment items. Then, we employed the factor analysis approach to develop the hierarchy system of assessment objectives for implementation of the E-DRM system. Finally, we used the Fuzzy AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) to obtain assessment indicators and inter-item weights, and applied the fuzzy number ranking method to obtain the priorities of various plans. Based on the above methods, we established a “Decision Support System for Implementation of the E-DRM System for Enterprises” to help enterprises in choosing and implementing the E-DRM system. The results of this study are as follows: 1) This study develops a fuzzy multi-criteria assessment framework to objectively assess the risks of the E-DRM system, whose assessment indicators include main functions, supporting functions, maintenance functions, system implementation management, enactment and management of document rights policy, service quality, and price and convenience of use. The two factors, enactment and management of document rights policy, and price and convenience of use are considered the most important. 2) According to the analytical results of this study, information management staff pay the most attention to the system compatibility and price when assessing the risks of the E-DRM system; and the weights of these two factors are respectively ranked top 1 and 2 after applying the AHP method, suggesting that these two factors are of high importance in the risks of the E-DRM system. Keywords: Enterprise Digital Rights Management (E-DRM), Multi-criteria Decision Making (MCDM), Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), Fuzzy Theory, BS7799, Risk Management

博士
國立交通大學
交通運輸研究所
92
MCDM (Multiple Criteria Decision Making) is a popular method for implementing the decision problems related public affairs. AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) and the related ranking method are two major parts in the process of the classic MCDM. AHP assumes that criteria are independent each other, although this hypothesis makes the decision process inherently defective. To solve this problem, Sugeno (Sugeno, 1974; Sugeno and Kwon, 1995) applied the fuzzy measure to develop the concept of fuzzy integral. However, there are difficulties using such methods to implement the evaluation problem. The difficulty is the great quantity of information demand. In this paper, a partitioned hierarchy model is introduced to solve the problem of information demand. Fuzzy factor analysis is applied with the partitioned hierarchy model for dealing with the decision in fuzzy environment. To show this model is effective to solve this problem, the evaluation of alternative-fuel buses development is used as an empirical example. This evaluation is divided into two parts: the strategies of alternative-fuel buses trial and the alternative-fuel buses. In the process of evaluation, the classic MCDM method (additive) is compared with the partitioned hierarchy model and fuzzy partitioned hierarchy model (non-additive). It reveals that the results of additive and non-additive MCDM method are different. The major reason is that the non-additive method can measure the fuzzy opinions of decision makers, which influence the results of evaluation.

碩士
南台科技大學
資訊管理系
92
Current transaction models on electronic commerce are primary based on price. Buyers and sellers negotiate the price of a product with their expected values, and the whole deal is supposed to be satisfactory on both sides. However, in order to survive in network retailing, sellers often adopt the strategy of low prices to attract more customers so that the market share can be rapidly expanded, but it can easily fall into the vicious circle of operations. However, during the non-promotion period, the price of a product is pre-dominated by sellers so that customers only have limited space to negotiate prices. Electronic commerce based on price negotiation under only one criterion, therefore, is not considered as the best and the only transaction model. In daily life, people tend to communicate with ambiguous expression, such as good and excellent, which can also be seen for describing products’ criteria in transaction, and this makes vague boundaries of degrees and levels in cognition. For things possess multiple attributes and criteria to show their own features, during negotiation, multidimensional consideration is necessary to achieve both sides’ optimum and consequently to complete the transaction. Moreover, ambiguous expression can expand the changeability. The purpose of this study was to generate buyers’ satisfaction of expected values by gaining profits from accessories and then to increase the volume of trade in the transaction model of purchasing merchandise with accessory negotiation under multiple criteria. The present study applied fuzzy theory and Fuzzy MCDM to build a strategy which utilizes Fuzzy MCDM for accessory negotiation. This strategy calculated every accessory’s fuzzy evaluation and negotiation insistency for selection and negotiation. At last, a shopping website with the function of accessory negotiation was built on the Internet in the expectation that it can make progress in both buyers’ satisfaction and sellers’ earnings.

碩士
南台科技大學
企業管理系
97
Human resource management (HRM) is a process of managing people through recruitment, personnel selection, performance appraisal, reward system as well as training and development. The candidate evaluation and selection system are important issues that significantly affect future competitiveness and performance of an organization. However, the essence of these decisions is usually complex and unstructured. Many criteria must be considered in the evaluation and selection system. These decision criteria are divided into qualitative and quantitative criteria such as: emotional steadiness, oral communication, annual salary request and general aptitude…etc. In an effort to avoid the influence of subjective judgment in the process of distinctive between an appropriate employee and an inappropriate employee for a job, a fuzzy multi-criteria decision making model approach based on Chen’s model for evaluating industrial engineer is described. By calculating the difference between two fuzzy numbers, the membership function of final fuzzy preference relation is improved by using . Then, a stepwise ranking procedure for personnel evaluation is proposed to determine the ranking order of all candidates. Finally, a numerical example is used to test the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed model and some comments are suggested for further research.

碩士
逢甲大學
土地管理所
91
Abstract The cadastral system of Taiwan was based on the surveyed and registered land data in Japan-occupied time. Due to the original cadastral map was destroyed in World War II，the official land administration organization of Taiwan still used the low-accuracy copied cadastral map，arose from the stretch、shrinkage and deformation of paper map， caused the boundary disputes .Trying to re-survey the new cadastral map and data，Taiwan stared ‘land surveying plan from1975，which was the base of the cadastral survey system. Taiwan has 21 municipalities and counties, which are different in geographical environment and social economics. A cadastral resurvey system, which is fair in the priority ordering and location selection in order to obtain the maximum economical benefits, is required. By reviewing some related experts’ papers and studies to understand the definition of location and objects in cadastral resurvey, finding the criterion of cadastral resurvey location, and gathering opinions from experts and academic professors, this paper has set a framework for cadastral resurvey location evaluation goals, which are as follows. (1) Fair：financial allocation fairness, elimination of disagreements occurred during the property registration on the cadastral map, and complains from people. (2) Efficient：population density 、increase of the housing land、too much cadastral survey（3）Economical： the minimum of government financial investment、access of the work area 、the minimum of man power allocation、the parcel accounts of the cadastral survey. The selected study area was the six villages and towns, which have the worst damage from earthquake on September 21st 1999. These villages are part of Tai-Chung county and Nan-Tong county. If the government has financial difficulty in helping each of towns to make cadastral resurvey quickly, using cadastral resurvey location to prioritize the locations, in order to maximize the economical benefits, can be a better alternative. According to the data of the criterion of cadastral resurvey, the use of MCDM Technology is a better way to prioritize. The purpose of the study is not only to find the Priority order of cadastral resurvey locations, but also to provide convenient references of the criteria of cadastral resurvey and of the MCDM technology for decision makers。

碩士
開南大學
企業管理學系碩士班
95
This study develops a frame based on marketing mix by Mc Cathy (1961), and use the Analytic Hierarchy Process method to build frame of marketing mix that to find out the different of importance between factories, sales and male consumers, besides satisfaction of the Marketing Mix each criterion for male consumers. The results of this study show that to exist the gap of importance between factories, sales and male consumers for each criterion. Factories think the most important criterion is the promotion, that to prefer promotion of price; secondary is the price; third is the place; final is the product. Sales think the most important criterion is the place; secondary is the promotion, that to prefer promotion of information; third is price; final is the product, that is to agree with factories. Male consumers think the most criterion is the product, secondary is the price; third is the promotion; final is the place. Male consumers think the brand awareness is the most satisfied and the price of product isn’t satisfied

碩士
大葉大學
工業工程與科技管理學系
99
Due to the changes in consumer lifestyles and the improvement in quality of leisure life of consumers in the country, bicycle products have become, from the tradition role as means of transportation, to a synonym for prevalence, luxury goods, taste, entertainment, and sport. The variety of additional equipments and functions of bicycle products has continued to introduce new innovations in response to the diversity and variability of the demand in the market. Moreover, as trends in consumer demands are headed towards personalization and diversification, the understanding of different consumer groups in consuming behaviors, product preferences and perceptions are important factors before product development within the enterprises. New products could therefore be pinpointed properly in the market to meet market demands from different consumer groups. This research aims to investigate factors consumers take into considerations upon purchasing bicycles while identifying bicycle preferences of variety of users. The research incorporates four assessment dimensions, marketing factor, psychological factors, social factors and situational factors, and ten assessment criteria to determine the four influencing factors that users have when purchasing bicycles. The research also applies ISM to identify the association between each dimension in criterion structures. Additionally, ANP is employed to determine weighing relations between the criteria. ANP approach is also utilized to identify measure of “closeness” to “ideal” solution of current consumers in purchasing different bicycles.

碩士
國立臺灣海洋大學
航運管理學系
98
For reflecting the globalization economical market trend, the domestic manufacturing industry shifted one after another to the lower cost areas for production, the employment/job opportunity has been shorter, the white-collar and the blue collar staff also along with to lose the work opportunity. Facing unemployment's crisis to the M society, someone have chosen the undertaking, and start the new life stage. Whether can make the undertaking succeed, besides the opportunity, understanding more important question the undertaking will face, finishing the plan beforehand, as well as making good use of the related resources provided by the government, will assist itself to break-through the difficult situation, and will advance to the successful future. Small and Medium Enterprise Administration, Ministry of Economic Affairs, encourage the privately organization to establish the small and medium enterprise innovation start-up and incubation center since 1997, provide the space and the equipment, as well as technical, the talented person, commercial, the information and the administrative support, the fund and the management consultation service, for small and medium enterprise to reduce cost risk in the initial period to the undertaking and the research and development, and enhance the newly creation enterprise successful opportunity. In 2004 the government promoted the undertaking to interpret a dream the work place plan, selected and hired hundred undertaking entrepreneur consultants, assisted to have clear direction about undertaking of the business plan, or established 3 years in the newly creation enterprise promoted the management. These entrepreneur consultants provide the on-site diagnosis, short-term consultant to counsel, the newly creation enterprise brand blueprint plan and the management quality. First stage of the study is to construct the 3 main criteria, and 21 sub-criteria through the questionnaire survey and the importance analysis. Then, the fuzzy set theory is used to develop a systematic Fuzzy MCDM which will be a suitable way for evaluating an Entrepreneur Consultant. We expect this evaluation model can successfully evaluate a qualified Entrepreneur Consultants during the evaluating meeting in the future.

博士
國立交通大學
管理科學系所
99
Tourism has become the leading leisure activity in the 21st century. Tourism industry has recovered faster than expected from the global financial crisis and economic recession. UNWTO also reported tourism is rapidly growing in Asia, while tourism markets in Asia is becoming increasingly competition with one another. Numerous studies have focused on measuring tourism destination competitiveness (TDC). However, few studies have attempted to identify strategies for improving TDC, preventing decision makers from obtaining valuable cues for making accurate decisions to improve competitiveness. This study thus explores strategies for improving the TDC gaps of nine Asian countries, namely China, Hong Kong, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand and the Philippines during 2009 using a new hybrid MCDM model combined with DANP (DEMATEL-based ANP). This study demonstrate the effectiveness of a new hybrid MCDM model combining DANP and VIKOR for evaluating tourism competitiveness to identify competitiveness gaps and explore strategies for improving tourism competitiveness based on the influential relation map. Decision makers should increase the priority of the cause criteria in advance, to successfully create a high TDC to achieve the aspired/desired levels.

碩士
開南大學
企業與創業管理學系
99
Since the green consumerism in 1970, the resource of global toward the green appeal, brand with the environmental protection will be the future tendency. The research of environmental protection focuses on green consumer issues, green marketing strategy and green brand positioning. So the Green product and the Brand image still have the development opportunities. Therefore, the research confers the effective reason of the Green brand image by the literature review, and tries to make the construction of the research which includes three dimensions. They are function image, perceptual image and corporate image. According to the construction surface, it lists seven appraisal criteria. The criteria of the function image are quality of product, product appearance and product price. The criteria of the perceptual image are emotional value and credibility. The criteria of the corporate image are business functional image and business reputation. By using DEMATEL to understand the relation and the influence degree of the criteria, and inducts ANP to find out the degree of influence brand vivid factor and the importance of each criteria. Making the sequence to organize the main factor, and then perfect the green brand image. The result shows that the criterions are affected to each other. The perceptual image is the most important criterion, the corporate image is the next and the perceptual image is the last. The credibility is the most important of seven criteria next is the business reputation and the business functional image and so on seven items. Further, after synthesize the conclusions of the research; the function image can affect the quality of product the most in DEMATEL. On the other hand, the perceptual image is the most important for the specialists in ANP and the credibilityserve as the most important entity.

碩士
致理技術學院
服務業經營管理研究所
99
Today the firms offering professional investment services are growing up quickly and numerous investors rely on the professional investment services provided by such a firm. This thesis aims to demonstrate the feasibility of applying a MCDM method to a professional investment service. Two quite popular methods found in MCDM literature were utilized. These are respectively TOPSIS and Superior/Inferior-based SAW methods. Tourism industry is now to present a definite percentage in the GDP of Taiwan; thus, this thesis employed seven firms related to tourism hotels as the research objects. The five-year financial data were collected from ‘Market Observation Post System’ and ‘Information Network’. Moreover, three indictors, representing the observed profit of investing in a tourism hotel, were developed. With the methods and data mentioned-above, this study analyzed the feasibility when one attempts to utilize a MCDM method to forecast the ranking of profitability of investing in a tourism hotel. The findings of this study showed both TOPSIS and Superior/Inferior-based SAW methods are effective methods in terms of forecasting the ranking of profitability of investing in a tourism hotel.

碩士
開南大學
財務金融學系
100
This paper utilizes decision making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) in multiple criteria decision making (MCDM) to explore the interrelationship of real estate brokerage service quality. The empirical findings discover that the criteria of real estate brokerage service quality possessed a self-effect relationship based on DEMATEL. According to the influential network relation map (INRM), the dimension that decision-makers should improve first is empathy for enhancing the performance of real estate brokerage service quality effectively. The corporations and staffs of real estate brokerage are suggested to comprehend and contend the customers’ needs, consider the benefits of customers as the first priority, and provide customers with services when they are available for improving the performances of real estate brokerage. This research can provide the decision-makers of real estate brokerage with a valuable decision model to improve their service quality.

博士
逢甲大學
土木暨水利工程博士學位學程
100
The study was constructed a hybrid MCDM model to evaluate the alternative performance for railway reform. Railway industry was facing environmental impacts so that the railway industry needs to reform. This study proposed 31 criteria and five dimensions such as policy, performance, safety, finance, and public opinion. There are eight alternative as the evaluation structure. The data was conducted from the expert questionnaire survey. The methodology adopted the DEMATEL based on ANP (DANP) and combined VIKOR and grey relationship analysis to calculate the influential weights, build impact relationship map and select the better way of railway reform. The evaluation object selected the Taiwan Railway Administrator (TRA) as an example. The results show that the best reform alternative is the nationalization company. In the innovation reform alternative, the TRA can build companies for marketing and information. The policy dimension is not only the key dimension but also the dispatcher that will affect the whole reform procedure. The major criteria include policy promoting, operation safety, competitive mechanism, subsidy mechanism, and supportability of public opinion, respectively. Those criteria are important issues due to the railway reform procedure.

碩士
國立成功大學
國際經營管理研究所碩士在職專班
100
The Maritime Labour Convention, 2006 (MLC, 2006) focuses on seafarers' rights, safety and health to pursue a better shipping environment. It is a new challenge for ship owners to generate the required Declaration of Maritime Labour Compliance for certification and interact with the existing International Safety Management (ISM) system. This research constructs a new multiple-criteria decision making weighted hierarchy structure which has 14 criteria under four dimensions and clustered by 52 sub-criteria, aiming for ship owners to evaluate the appropriate documentation models of enforcing MLC, 2006 in line with the ISM system. The Analytic Network Process (ANP) empirical study concludes the partially-integrated documentation model is the most prioritized alternatives than the other three models, and organizing the mandatory requirements, maintaining fleet consistent documents, defining clear organizational authority and responsibility, well preparing for shipboard initial facilitation, and level of integrating MLC, 2006 with ISM are five special notes for setting up MLC, 2006 documentation model. The hierarchy structure could be extended for evaluating integration of other documentation with ISM like the International Code for the Security of Ships and Port Facilities (ISPS).