Journal articles on the topic 'Maximum value generator'
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1
Rusilawati, Rusilawati, Irrine Budi Sulistiawati, and Naoto Yorino. "Determination of Generator Capability Curve using Modified-Single Machine to Infinite Bus (M-SMIB) System Approach." E3S Web of Conferences 188 (2020): 00022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202018800022.
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The capability curve for each generator unit is usually provided by the generator manufacturer. But in practice, the generator can reach its maximum generation limit before reaching the maximum limit on the generator capability curve provided by the generator manufacturer. This might occur because of the load location is far from the generator or the varying of the loading value so that the maximum generation limit is smaller than the value given on the generator capability curve of the manufacturer. In this paper, the generator capability curve is determined using the Modified Single Machine to Infinite Bus (M-SMIB) system approach to determine the maximum generation limit every time there is a change in loading or change in the load location. After the maximum generation limit of each unit generator is known, the generator capability curve that is always in accordance with the real time situation can be formed. Thus, the operation limit of each generator can be recognized, determine the appropriate protection system setting and can prevent the electric power system disturbance. This method will be applied to generator units in the four bus IEEE system with two generators.
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Demeianto, Bobby, Riki Peri Ramadani, Iskandar Musa, and Yuniar Endri Priharanto. "ANALISA PEMBEBANAN PADA GENERATOR LISTRIK KAPAL PENANGKAP IKAN STUDI KASUS PADA KM. MARADONA." Aurelia Journal 2, no. 1 (November 27, 2020): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/aj.v2i1.9425.
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Efficiency value is a measure that can inform us that a machine that operates can be said to be efficient or not. This study aims to find the efficiency value of the electric generator on the fishing vessel KM. Maradona. In addition, this study also aims to find the average percentage value of electric current on each phase of the generator and also to find the average value of the percentage imbalance of load sharing in three-phase electrical installations in KM. Maradona. From the calculation, it is found that the percentage of imbalance of three-phase electrical installations KM. Maradona when the generator operates can reach 31.11%. From the calculation, it is also found that the average percentage load on the electric generator of KM. Maradona maximum value is 22.35% with an average current value of 25.50 Ampere. Directly proportional to the maximum average current value, the maximum electrical power value of KM. Maradona is only at 16.80 kVA with an efficiency value of 22.40%.
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Toriki, Mohammad Berel, Muhammad Khamim Asy’ari, and Ali Musyafa’. "Enhanced Performance of PMSG in WECS Using MPPT - Fuzzy Sliding Mode Control." Journal Européen des Systèmes Automatisés 54, no. 1 (February 28, 2021): 85–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/jesa.540110.
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The wind turbine is a tool used to convert wind energy into electrical energy. This research applies the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm combined with the fuzzy sliding mode control (FSMC) to produce maximum power in the wind turbine. Addition of fuzzy logic algorithm to sliding mode control to reduce the chattering phenomenon caused by the high switching frequency of the MOSFET in the boost converter. The permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) type of generator with a capacity of 600 watts is used to convert the mechanical energy of the turbine into electrical energy. Tracing the maximum power value of the generator with the MPPT-FSMC algorithm in this study based on the value of the generator output voltage, generator output current, and converter output voltage obtained through simulations on MATLAB / SIMULINK. Comparison of wind turbine performance using MPPT-FSMC and without MPPT is shown as validation of improved wind turbine performance when using intelligent control algorithm.
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Rusilawati, Irrine Budi Sulistiawati, Adi Soeprijanto, and Rony Seto Wibowo. "Determination of Generator Steady State Stability Limit for Multimachine System based on Network Losses Concept." MATEC Web of Conferences 164 (2018): 01041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201816401041.
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In the multimachine circumstances, it is difficult to analyze the steady state stability of each generator. In previous research, analysis of the steady state stability limit has been carried out but only look at the stability of the overall system. Therefore, to analyze the stability of each generator, the multimachine system must be changed into a Single Machine to Infinite Bus (SMIB) system by collecting all the loads into one central load in the infinite bus. The method to change from the multimachine system to SMIB system is presented in this paper. The multimachine system is converted into an equivalent impedance (req and xeq) and an equivalent load based on losses concept. After req and xeq is calculated, then by using steady state stability limit concept, the value of the maximum generation of each generator units can be determined. By means of maximum generation is the maximum output power limit that can be generated without causing unstability. ETAP simulation is used to validate the calculation results of the proposed method. The method was applied to units generator in Java Bali system 500 kV.
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Fujieda, Shun, Naoki Gorai, Toru Kawamata, Rayko Simura, Tsuguo Fukuda, and Shigeru Suzuki. "Performance of Vibration Power Generators Using Single Crystal and Polycrystal Magnetic Cores of Fe–Ga Alloys." Materials Science Forum 1016 (January 2021): 453–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1016.453.
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The performance of a vibration power generator using a single crystal core of Fe–Ga alloy was compared with that of a generator using a Fe–Ga alloy polycrystal core with a similar Ga concentration. When the generator using the polycrystal core was forcibly vibrated by 1-G acceleration, the vibration frequency dependence of the open-circuit voltage showed a peak with a maximum value of about 0.14 V at the first resonance frequency due to the inverse magnetostrictive effect. On the other hand, the generator using a single crystal core with a <100> direction parallel to the external stress direction exhibited a maximum value of about 0.26 V, about two-times larger than that of the device using the polycrystal core. Consequently, a vibration energy generator using a single crystal core of Fe–Ga alloy has advantages in performance over a generator using a polycrystal core.
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Gromov, Victor, Vladimir Kuznetsov, Sergey Konovalov, Goui Tang, Gou Lin Song, Kseniya Alsaraeva, and Alexander Semin. "Estimation of Current Amplitude Pulse." Advanced Materials Research 1013 (October 2014): 166–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1013.166.
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Method of estimation of current amplitude (~10 kA) pulses constructed by powerful current pulse generator is suggested. It bases on the solution of differential equation current and voltage change on capacitor. The final formula consists of maximum value of capacitor charge, maximum negative voltage value, pulse duration and capacitor value.
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Cheng, Ruo Fa, and Li Hu Chen. "Maximum Wind Power Tracking Control Based on PID and Feedback Linearization." Advanced Materials Research 1055 (November 2014): 358–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1055.358.
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Based on the mathematical model of permanent magnet synchronous generator, the paper discussed the effect of the simplifying torque coefficient equation on direct-drive permanent magnet synchronous wind power generator. On the basis of feedback linearization principle, designed a PID and feedback linearization compound controller in this paper, and validated under varying wind speed, power coefficient remains at a constant value, which reached the maximum wind power capture purposes. Using MATLAB/simulink tool to build direct-drive permanent magnet synchronous wind power system simulation model, the paper verify the stability of the system when the external applied load mutate. The result shows that the control strategy of the composite is effective and timely when tacking the maximum power.
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Gavpisarn, Apisak, Suwit Jugsujinda, and Tosawat Seetawan. "Thermoelectric Generator of Ceramic Materials." Advanced Materials Research 770 (September 2013): 64–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.770.64.
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This research has an objective to develop and fabricate thermoelectric generator (TEG) from the p-Ca3Co4O9 and n-CaMnO3 ceramic materials. The p-n materials were cut and polished to the dimension of 4 × 4 × 4 mm3 and 71 couples. The relationship between temperature difference and electrical voltage, electrical current, electrical power and conversion efficiency were measured. The electricity and efficiency of TEG showed the maximum value of 1.6 V, 300 mA, 480 mW and 0.025 % at temperature difference of 60 K.
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Djalal, Muhammad Ruswandi, and Faisal Faisal. "Studi Kestabilan Generator Sistem Sulselrabar (Stability Study of Sulselrabar System Generator)." JEEE-U (Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering-UMSIDA) 3, no. 1 (April 3, 2019): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.21070/jeee-u.v3i1.2067.
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In the standard operating system, the input parameters such as changes in the mechanical torque of the turbine and changes in the field voltage of the amplifier from the exciter need to be considered. Some studies that can be done include the study of the dynamic stability of synchronous generators when dealing with small changes that occur using the eigenvalue approach which is the roots of the characteristic equations of the system state space equation. The eigenvalue can show information on system stability and is related to the response of time to changes in the system. The system used is in the Sulselrabar electrical system. From the simulation results show the characteristics of the system in terms of the frequency response and angle of the generator rotor. For the eigenvalue system value in the inter-area oscillation mode is -0.33293 + 4.0844i, for the oscillation mode it is -0.9043 + 7.9670i. While the generator frequency response, where oscillations occur before reaching steady state conditions. The biggest overshoot response occurs in Old Tello plants, with a maximum overshoot of 0.09124 pu and a minimum of -0.2227 pu. While the smallest overshoot response is found in the Bakaru hydroelectric power plant which is equal to 0.004681 maximum pu and -0.02563 minimum pu.
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Reis, Márcio Rodrigues da Cunha, Wanderson Rainer Hilário De Araújo, and Wesley Pacheco Calixto. "Efficiency Improvement of Switched Reluctance Generator Using Optimization Techniques." Transactions on Environment and Electrical Engineering 2, no. 1 (March 14, 2017): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.22149/teee.v2i1.91.
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This article introduces the switched reluctance machine operating as a generator. This kind of electrical machine delivers CC power at the output and the energy generated can be controlled through several variables. In this work, the switching angles of the machine's power converter are optimized using deterministic and heuristic techniques so that the output power is kept constant via PI controller while guaranteeing maximum value for machine performance, even for different excitation values and mechanical power on the shaft.
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Röder, Julian, Georg Jacobs, Dennis Bosse, Fabian Herzog, and Lukas Graf. "Investigation of a converter fault for a DFIG wind turbine and analysis of the resulting gearbox component loads." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2257, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 012013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2257/1/012013.
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Abstract Doubly fed induction generators are widely used in wind turbines in the field. The main advantage is the significantly lower cost of the partial scale power converter compared to the full scale power converter. Converter faults in wind turbines lead to significant generator torque excitations that lead to dynamic loads in the drivetrain. Dynamic loads and changing rotational speeds can lead to gearbox damages. The generator torque excitations have the highest influence on the high speed shaft torque due to the coupling to the generator. Gearbox damages occur mainly on the components of the high speed shaft. Thus, in this paper the influence of a converter fault in a wind turbine with doubly fed induction generator on the high speed shaft component damages is investigated. It is shown that the converter fault can induce dynamic torque excitations with a maximum increase to around 2.5 times rated torque. Due to the resulting dynamic gearbox loading the safety against scuffing in the high speed gear stage decreases by maximum 19 percent. The smearing risk in the high speed shaft bearings increases to around 2 times the value during rated power production.
12
Li, Yanzhe, Shixue Wang, Yunchi Fu, Yulong Zhao, and Like Yue. "Effect of core flow heat transfer enhancement on power generation characteristics of thermoelectric generators with different performances." Thermal Science, no. 00 (2021): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci210309184l.
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In this study, the effect of enhancing the core flow heat transfer with metal foam on the performance of thermoelectric generators with different power generation characteristics is studied experimentally. Filling the core flow area of the gas channel in a thermoelectric generator with metal foam can greatly improve the heat transfer capacity of the gas channel with a small pressure loss, thereby improving the power generation efficiency. The results show that, first, the heat transfer enhancement achieved by partially filling the core area of the gas channel with metal foam can significantly improve the performance of thermoelectric generators, the maximum output power is about 1.5 times higher than that of the unfilled channel. Second, for a thermoelectric generator with different modules, the friction coefficient for different filling ratios increases by about 16 times at most, while the Nu value increases by only three times at most, and according to the PEC of the gas channel, metal foam with high filling rate and low pore density is more suitable for the thermoelectric generator. Third, it is more appropriate to use the thermoelectric module with a high figure of merit as the selection criterion for deciding whether to adopt the technique of enhancing heat exchange through the gas channel. The maximum output power and efficiency of the thermoelectric generator using the high figure of merit module are 300% and 160% higher than those of the thermoelectric generator using the low figure of merit module, respectively.
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Grebenikov, Viktor, Rostyslav Gamaliia, and Vladimir Popkov. "Permanent magnet generator with axial magnetic flow for wind plants." Bulletin of NTU "KhPI". Series: Problems of Electrical Machines and Apparatus Perfection. The Theory and Practice, no. 1 (5) (May 28, 2021): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2079-3944.2021.1.05.
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The results of numerical and experimental studies of an electric generator with permanent magnets and axial magnetic flux for low-power wind turbines are presented. In order for wind turbines to successfully compete with sources of autonomous power supply based on solar energy, it is necessary to reduce the specific cost of electric generators. One of the possible ways to reduce the cost of a wind turbine is to replace a quiet-running multi-pole generator with a high-speed one, which is paired with a magnetic step-up gear. In this case, the electric generator can be designed for rotation frequency n = 1000 ÷ 3000 rpm. It is for this range of rotational speed that the optimal configuration and dimensions of the magnetic system of the electric generator have been determined, at which the maximum power value is reached. Comparisons of the calculated and experimental characteristics of the generator are carried out, the good coincidence of which confirms the adequacy of the developed mathematical models. These computer models are then used to study the dependence of the specific power of the generator on the height of the stator slots and the section of the winding wire made of copper tape. It is shown that for optimal geometrical parameters the magnetomotive force of the stator winding must be matched with the magnetomotive force of permanent magnets. Only for a certain range of slot heights is the maximum power at the rated current ensured. The characteristics of the investigated generators were calculated using the Simcenter MagNet software package.
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Wu, Tao, Ning Jun Fan, and Yan Xuan Wu. "Analysis of Magnetic Field for Micro Axial-Flux Electromagnetic Generator." Key Engineering Materials 562-565 (July 2013): 431–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.562-565.431.
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This paper reports on the magnetic field distribution and magnetic circuit calculating method of micro generator. A micro axial-flux electromagnetic generator is designed as size of Φ6mm×3mm. Traditional magnetic circuit analysis methods are used to retrieve the air-gap magnetic density on no-load micro generator in operation. FEA is done for the micro generator model using magnetic field numerical simulation software. The main parameters of no-load magnetic field and the waveform of induced EMF are obtained. Comparing the results obtained from the magnetic circuit analysis and numerical simulation, the error of air magnetic density is less than 2.54% and the error of the maximum value of induced EMF is less than 2. 68%. The results suggest that magnetic circuit analysis methods can be used for magnetic field analysis of micro axial-flux electromagnetic generators, and be helpful to provide guidance for designs.
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Wang, Gui Tang, Zhi Wen Feng, Zheng Li, Jing Yao Li, and Wen Ming Hu. "Application of Order Analysis in the Analysis of Noise in Automobile Alternator." Applied Mechanics and Materials 467 (December 2013): 488–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.467.488.
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With the increasing request of the comfort, reduce the vibration and noise of automobile AC generator as the industry wide concern. In this paper, based on a type of vehicle alternator speed section of excessive noise problems, using order analysis method on noise generator is analyzed, the main harmonic component generator noise for 36 harmonic components, and determine the maximum value of the resonance speed noise in 1800rpm, 2400rpm, 3400rpm near the motor load state. On this basis, puts forward the corresponding improvement measures to improve the motor, the motor noise value to the manufacturer's standard.
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Ikhtiander and Soekirno Santoso. "Design of PLC Integrated Process Simulation Software for Steam Generator Using Matlab Simulink." E3S Web of Conferences 43 (2018): 01012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184301012.
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This paper describes the work done in order to make Matlab Simulink based steam generator simulator in the simulation of a steam generator. The steam generator under this research is operated with the steam quality of 72%, O2 content is 1.2%, designed steam volume flow is 3600 barrel per day at a maximum and designed fuel gas volume flow is 1300 Thousand Standard Cubic Feet (MSCF) per day at a maximum. The simulator program of the steam generator is separated into individual components consisting of Burner, Radiant, Convection, Exhaust Stack, Feedwater Pump Discharge and Steam Discharge. Within the components, thermodynamics and heat transfer principles such as conduction, convection, radiation and also conservation of mass, momentum, and energy were applied to compute the pressure values, temperature values, and flow rate values of simulated field device based on the command and setpoint from PLC. The validation process has been done with the steam generator is operating in a steady state to the 10 important process parameters of the steam generator. The error percentage calculated from a difference between the simulation result value and the actual value from field data reference divide by actual value from field data reference. The error percentage results are as following : Fuel Gas Orifice Differential Pressure : 2.39%, Fuel Gas Pressure : 1.37%, Fuel Gas Temperature : 5.95%, Fuel Gas Flow Rate : 1.25%, Feedwater Orifice Differential Pressure : 1.94%, Feedwater Pressure : 1.54%, Feedwater Flow Rate : 0.92%, Steam Orifice Differential Pressure 3.26%, Steam Discharge Pressure 1.93% and Steam Quality : 0.05%.
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Yang, Faming, Wenhai Huang, Guohua Shui, and Yukui Liu. "A Pseudo-Random Signal Generator for Offset Calibration Circuit." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2356, no. 1 (October 1, 2022): 012013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2356/1/012013.
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A pseudo-random signal generator based on 0.5μm CMOS technology is presented, and it is applied for an auto-zero operational amplifier. The generator circuit includes a linear feedback shift register for generating pseudo-random sequences, and a multi-level counter module for counting the system clock pulses. A group of pseudo-random codes generated by the linear feedback shift register are as the initial value of the counter. When the counter reaches the maximum value, the output of the counter will control the output signal to flip. At the same time, a new group of the pseudo-random code will reset the counter again, and finally generate a square wave signal whose frequency varies randomly. The generator circuit is simulated and verified. The simulation results show that the frequency of the output signal can vary from 2 kHz to 4 kHz with random characteristic. The generated pseudo-random signal can be used for the switching clock control of the auto-zero operational amplifier offset calibration circuit, so that the switching glitch of the auto-zero op-amp is random, which can significantly reduce the harmonics in the output signal of the op-amp.
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Hidayat, M. Reza, and Denasti Fajar Sukmawan. "Analisis Penurunan Daya Pada Sistem Propulsi Lokomotif Transmisi Diesel Elektrik CC 203 Di Depo Lokomotif." SUTET 10, no. 2 (December 1, 2020): 79–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.33322/sutet.v10i2.1296.
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Depo Lokomotif is a work unit that is responsible for locomotive reliability in running the railroad transportation operational business. According to internal monthly report data from February 2019 to February 2020, there were 6 cases of weak locomotive power disruptions that caused operational delays. Analysis was carried out on the CC203 locomotive propulsion system in order to obtain the value of the power reduction in one case of disturbance by comparing the output value against the set standard value. Using mathematical calculation methods from the applicable equations and processing the data on MS.Excell. From the results of the study, the cause of the decrease in locomotive power is due to a decrease in the excitation value so that it affects the output value of the Main Generator at each Notch and has an impact on the motor traction power supply also decreases. The Main Generator can only issue a maximum Horse Power at Notch 8 of 1389.96 HP from 1985.31 HP with a decrease of 595 HP. The electric motion of the generator exciter has the largest decrease at Notch 7 of 6.02 volts from 30.48 volts to 24.46 volts. Motor traction can only output a maximum terminal power of 985.067 Watt from 1407 KWatt. The maximum electromagnetic torque of the Notch 8 motor traction is 2855.48 N.m in the series transition and 3070.21 N.m in the parallel transition. Losses on a series transition of 36886 Watts and a parallel transition of 9122 Watts.
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Sordo-Ward, Alvaro, Ivan Gabriel-Martín, Paola Bianucci, Giuseppe Mascaro, Enrique R. Vivoni, and Luis Garrote. "Stochastic Hybrid Event Based and Continuous Approach to Derive Flood Frequency Curve." Water 13, no. 14 (July 13, 2021): 1931. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13141931.
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This study proposes a methodology that combines the advantages of the event-based and continuous models, for the derivation of the maximum flow and maximum hydrograph volume frequency curves, by combining a stochastic continuous weather generator (the advanced weather generator, abbreviated as AWE-GEN) with a fully distributed physically based hydrological model (the TIN-based real-time integrated basin simulator, abbreviated as tRIBS) that runs both event-based and continuous simulation. The methodology is applied to Peacheater Creek, a 64 km2 basin located in Oklahoma, United States. First, a continuous set of 5000 years’ hourly weather forcing series is generated using the stochastic weather generator AWE-GEN. Second, a hydrological continuous simulation of 50 years of the climate series is generated with the hydrological model tRIBS. Simultaneously, the separation of storm events is performed by applying the exponential method to the 5000- and 50-years climate series. From the continuous simulation of 50 years, the mean soil moisture in the top 10 cm (MSM10) of the soil layer of the basin at an hourly time step is extracted. Afterwards, from the times series of hourly MSM10, the values associated to all the storm events within the 50 years of hourly weather series are extracted. Therefore, each storm event has an initial soil moisture value associated (MSM10Event). Thus, the probability distribution of MSM10Event for each month of the year is obtained. Third, the five major events of each of the 5000 years in terms of total depth are simulated in an event-based framework in tRIBS, assigning an initial moisture state value for the basin using a Monte Carlo framework. Finally, the maximum annual hydrographs are obtained in terms of maximum peak-flow and volume, and the associated frequency curves are derived. To validate the method, the results obtained by the hybrid method are compared to those obtained by deriving the flood frequency curves from the continuous simulation of 5000 years, analyzing the maximum annual peak-flow and maximum annual volume, and the dependence between the peak-flow and volume. Independence between rainfall events and prior hydrological soil moisture conditions has been proved. The proposed hybrid method can reproduce the univariate flood frequency curves with a good agreement to those obtained by the continuous simulation. The maximum annual peak-flow frequency curve is obtained with a Nash–Sutcliffe coefficient of 0.98, whereas the maximum annual volume frequency curve is obtained with a Nash–Sutcliffe value of 0.97. The proposed hybrid method permits to generate hydrological forcing by using a fully distributed physically based model but reducing the computation times on the order from months to hours.
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Masip Macía, Yunesky, Pablo Rodríguez Machuca, Angel Alexander Rodríguez Soto, and Roberto Carmona Campos. "Green Hydrogen Value Chain in the Sustainability for Port Operations: Case Study in the Region of Valparaiso, Chile." Sustainability 13, no. 24 (December 10, 2021): 13681. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132413681.
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The paper presents a complete value chain for the use of green hydrogen in a port facility. The main objective was to propose the sizing of the main components that make up green hydrogen to ensure the supply of 1 MWe in replacing the diesel generator. The energy demand required for the port was determined by establishing the leading small and large-scale conventional energy-consuming equipment. Hence, 60 kgH2 was required to ensure the power supply. The total electrical energy to produce all the hydrogen was generated from photovoltaic solar energy, considering three-generation scenarios (minimum, maximum and the annual average). In all cases, the energy supply in the electrolyzer was 3.08 MWe. In addition, the effect of generating in the port facility using a diesel generator and a fuel cell was compared. The cost of 1 kgH2 could be 4.09 times higher than the cost of 1 L of diesel, meaning that the output kWh of each system is economically similar. In addition, the value of electrical energy through a Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) was a maximum of 79.79 times the value of a liter of diesel. Finally, the Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) was calculated for two conditions in which the MWe was obtained from the fuel cell without and with the photovoltaic solar plant.
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M. Atiyah, Mustafa, Ali Jafer Mahdi, and Kassim A. Al-Anbarri. "MAXIMUM POWER COEFFICIENT CONTROL OF A MICRO GRID-CONNECTED WIND ENERGY SYSTEM." Journal of Engineering and Sustainable Development 26, no. 2 (March 1, 2022): 56–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.31272/jeasd.26.2.6.
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This paper proposed the integration of the wind energy system (WES) with the grid consists of a wind turbine, a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG), a switch-mode rectifier (SMR) and a three-phase voltage source inverter (VSI). Optimal torque control (OTC) method is applied to the converter on the generator side for maximizing the power coefficient under the change in wind speeds. To synchronize the WES with the grid, another controller is applied to keep dc-bus voltage at constant value and to regulate active and reactive power transmitted into a grid. A system of WES connected into a grid is created and tested in the MATLAB/SIMULINK platform version 2019b. Comprehensive simulation results are used to analyze and verify the excellent performance of the suggested two- control strategy on the machine and grid side.
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Guo, Wu, Jian Guo, and Fengjuan Miao. "Application of Improved Process Neural Network Based on the Fireworks Algorithm in the Temperature-Rise Predictions of a Large Generator Rotor." Applied Sciences 13, no. 5 (February 24, 2023): 2943. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13052943.
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Building an effective algorithm model for large key power equipment has very important research significance and application value. Aiming at the typical operating state characteristics of large generators and taking the temperature changes as the main research indicators, the improved fireworks algorithm was used to optimize the process neural network, and the key data characteristics were studied based on the machine experiment and actual operation data of a 300 MW generator so as to find the variation and development trends of the maximum temperature rise caused by negative-sequence current. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the neural network model suitable for large generators established in this paper was verified by test functions and experiments. On this basis, the calculation method was applied to different working conditions, component materials, and heating positions of the generator. Moreover, the temperature-rise prediction results of the structural components for the generator rotor were obtained, and the optimization scheme of the slot wedge material given, which provide a reference for temperature-rise research and the selection of component materials for large generators.
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Gavpisarn, Apisak, and Tatiya Gavpisarn. "Thermoelectric Power Generator Module of Ceramic Materials." Advanced Materials Research 979 (June 2014): 363–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.979.363.
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Research has an objective to develop and fabricate thermoelectric generator module (TEGM) from the p-Ca3Co4O9 and n-CaMnO3 ceramic materials.The p-n materials were cut and polished to the dimension of 2 × 2 × 2 mm3 and 42 couples.The relationship between temperature difference and electrical voltage, electrical current, electrical power and conversion efficiency were measured. The electricity and efficiency of TEGM showed the maximum value of 5 V, 4.5 mA, 22.5 mW and 0.03 % at temperature difference of 100 K.
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Wang, Jiangbo, Ting Fu, Liangcai Zeng, Guang Chen, and Fue-sang Lien. "Numerical and Experimental Investigations of Micro Thermal Performance in a Tube with Delta Winglet Pairs." Micromachines 12, no. 7 (June 30, 2021): 786. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12070786.
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In this research, a novel vortex generator (VG) is presented. The experimental and numerical investigations were carried out to study the micro thermal-hydraulic performance in a heated tube. The numerical results showed that the fluid in the core flow region and the near-wall region was fully mixed because of the longitudinal vortices created by the vortex generators. In addition, the experimental results showed that the heat transfer coefficient (h) decreased with the increasing pitch ratio (PR) value, while the friction coefficient exhibited the opposite trend. With the increasing ration angle (RA) numbers, the h values decreased while the f numbers increased. In addition, the maximum and minimum values of the fraction ratio were 1.66 and 4.27, while these values of the Nusselt number ratio were 1.24 and 1.83. The maximum thermal enhancement factor (TEF) was 1.21 when PR = 0.5, RA = 0° and Re = 9090. The heat transfer enhancement mechanism of the vortex generator is explained from the microscopic point of view.
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Qing, Mengqi, Fei Tang, Fusuo Liu, Dichen Liu, Nianchun Du, and Benxi Hu. "An Analytical Method for Estimating the Maximum Penetration of DFIG Considering Frequency Stability." Sustainability 12, no. 23 (November 25, 2020): 9850. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12239850.
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With the increasing wind power in power systems and the wide application of frequency regulation technology, the accurate calculation of the limit wind power capacity in systems is critical to ensure the stability of the frequency and guide the planning of wind power sources. This paper proposes an analytical method for calculating the maximum wind generation penetration under the constraints of frequency regulation control and frequency stability taking doubly fed induction generator as an example. Firstly, the frequency-domain dynamic model of the doubly fed induction generator is established considering the supplementary frequency proportion-differentiation control under small disturbance. The equivalent inertia time constant of the doubly fed induction generator is calculated. On this basis, the frequency response model of the power system with the consideration of wind power integration in frequency regulation control is constructed. Then, the frequency-domain analytical solution of the system frequency is obtained. Finally, with the constraint by the steady-state deviation and dynamic change rate of the system frequency, the maximum wind generation penetration is analytically solved. The accuracy of the proposed analytical calculation method for the limit value of the percentage of wind power is verified by MATLAB/Simulink.
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Hassan, Salmi, Badri Abdelmajid, Zegrari Mourad, Sahel Aicha, and Baghdad Abdenaceur. "PSO-backstepping controller of a grid connected DFIG based wind turbine." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 10, no. 1 (February 1, 2020): 856. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v10i1.pp856-867.
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The paper demonstrates the feasibility of an optimal backstepping controller for doubly fed induction generator based wind turbine (DFIG). The main purpose is the extract of maximum energy and the control of active and reactive power exchanged between the generator and electrical grid in presence of uncertainty. The maximum energy is obtained by applying an algorithm based on artificial bee colony approach. Particle swarm optimization is used to select optimal value of backstepping’s parameters. The simulation is carried out on 2.4 MW DFIG based wind turbine system. The optimized performance of the proposed control technique under uncertainty parameters is established by simulation results.
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Sangwaranatee, Narong. "The Study of Cook-Stove Thermoelectric Generator Power." Advanced Materials Research 979 (June 2014): 421–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.979.421.
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This research studies the alternative way of electricity generating from the waste heat of economy oven by using 4 modules of thermoelectric modules. The hot side of thermoelectric module is attached to the heat plate while the cold side is installed on the rectangular, plate-fin heat exchanger. Variety of system adjustments were used during this study in terms of finding the maximum electric power rate. Adjusting the heating value and the electrical resistance to the thermoelectric was the procedure in this study. From the research, we found out that at the temperature of 200°C on the heat pad, the released maximum electric current was 4.5 W. The percentage of heat converting to electric current was 11.9%, with the 0.84 A and 5.35 V. The efficiency of the economy oven was 23.20%, and comes up to 23.39% while generating power via thermoelectric module.
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Chenchevoi, V., Iu Zachepa, O. Chornyi, R. Yatsiuk, O. Chencheva, A. Nekrasov, and I. Kropyvnyi. "THERMAL MODEL OF THE "INDUCTION GENERATOR–INDUCTION MOTOR" SYSTEM WITH NON–SYMMETRY IN THE STATOR WINDINGS." Electromechanical and energy saving systems 2, no. 53 (2021): 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.30929/2072-2052.2021.2.54.47-55.
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Purpose. Development of the IG model for estimation of influence of variations of parameters of the generator on quality of process of self–excitation at definition of the basic and boundary operating modes and system of initial excitation at invariable parameters of the generator. Result. The article presents studies of the system "asynchronous generator-asynchronous motor" with parametric asymmetry to determine the quality of generated electricity in load modes of operation on a mathematical model. The assessment of the thermal state in steady-state conditions was carried out using an equivalent thermal equivalent circuit. Thermal transients were investigated when starting an asynchronous electric motor from an autonomous power source based on an asynchronous generator. On a thermal mathematical model, a study of the influence of the asymmetry of the output voltage and its deviation from the nominal value on the heating of the connected asynchronous motor was carried out. A regression model has been developed for studying the operating conditions of electricity consumers when powered by an asynchronous generator with an asymmetry of the stator windings. Practical value. The use of the obtained equations will make it possible to determine the most rational combination of factors affecting the heating of the stator windings of asynchronous machines, at which they will not overheat in excess of the maximum permissible temperature values of the corresponding insulation classes. Figures 9, tables 2, references 23.
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Demin, A. V., and G. V. Demina. "Environmental characteristics of thermal utilization of waste with external and internal supply of thermal energy." Power engineering: research, equipment, technology 24, no. 6 (January 11, 2023): 143–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.30724/1998-9903-2022-24-6-143-152.
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THE PURPOSE. Identification of optimal regimes for autothermal and allothermic methods of gasification of plant biomass in terms of energy parameters of generator gases, as well as determination of environmental indicators during subsequent combustion of generator gases to obtain thermal energy.METHODS. When modeling gasification processes, a nonstoichiometric model was used, based on the assumption that a chemically reacting multicomponent mixture is in a state of thermodynamic and chemical equilibrium, which corresponds to the minimum value of the isobaric-isothermal potential. When modeling the combustion of generator gas in a mixture with air, a kinetic model of a perfectly mixed flow reactor was used and the detailed mechanism of chemical interaction for the C-H-O-N-S reacting system was taken into account. The calorific value of generator gas obtained by steam gasification and external supply of thermal energy is significantly higher than the calorific value of gas obtained by internal supply of thermal energy. However, the values of the energy potential and thermochemical efficiency are very close for both types of gasification.RESULTS. For plant biomass with a given averaged elemental composition, gasification conditions are determined that increase the degree of conversion of initial materials into generator gas. In particular, for the autothermal gasification method, the maximum calculated values of the energy potential of dry ash-free generator gas and thermochemical efficiency were obtained at an excess air coefficient α ≈ 0.32. For the allothermic gasification method, the maximum calculated values of the energy potential of the generator gas and the thermochemical efficiency correspond to the gasification temperature range T ≈ 1050 -1100 K and the mass fraction of the supplied steam gH2O ≈ 0.217. To ensure these conditions, it will be necessary to supply thermal energy through combustion of ≈ 37 wt. % generator gas. Generator gas produced by the allothermic method has higher energy performance, and the negative impact on the environment during its subsequent combustion is characterized by lower specific CO and CO2 emissions in terms of a ton of reference fuel.
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Kuang, Hong Hai, Zheng Qiu Wu, and Sheng Qing Li. "MPPT of Doubly-Fed Induction Generator in Wind Farm Using SPSA Algorithm." Advanced Materials Research 608-609 (December 2012): 662–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.608-609.662.
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In order to make wind power generation system be free from outside interference, and make doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) easily operate at maximum power point under variable wind speed, simultaneous perturbation stochastic approximation (SPSA) algorithm for tracking maximum power of wind power generation system is proposed in this paper. SPSA algorithm indirectly controls DFIG speed through adjusting duty cycle of power converter, makes system operate at maximum power point under any wind speed, thus the maximum power output is transmitted to the load. SPSA algorithm not only does not need to set up PID three parameter values, but also does not anemometer and tachometer in practical applications. Simulation results show no matter how wind speed changes, SPSA algorithm can effectively improve power output of wind power generation system, and make tip speed ratio and power coefficient be near optimum value, reduce system cost.
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Chuaqui, H., E. Wyndham, C. Friedli, and M. Favre. "LLAMPÜDKEÑ: A high-current, low-impedance pulser employing an auxiliary exponential transmission line." Laser and Particle Beams 15, no. 2 (June 1997): 241–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034600010569.
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The design and constructional aspects of a novel pulse power generator for use in dense plasma research presently under construction are presented. The generator consists of two Marx capacitor banks, each of 0.25 μF, 480 kV, and 28.8 kJ. Each Marx generator drives a water transmission line, in which the live electrode is the central conductor. The transmission lines consist of a constant impedance section followed by a multielectrode gas linegap followed by an exponential taper to the load section. The novel feature is the use of an auxiliary exponential line coupled at the load. This line controls both the voltage and the effective impedance at the load section. In addition, by leaving this line circuit open, energy not coupled to the plasma in the initial high-impedance phase may be reflected back and deposited into the discharge, increasing the peak current by 50%. Circuit simulations using a real-time-varying load impedance show that the current pulse rises in an approximately linear way to a maximum of 1.2 MA at 250 ns. The current falls to zero in the following 250 ns. The current waveform may be flattened simply by disconnecting the auxiliary line, giving a rectangular pulse of 350 ns with a maximum value of 950 kA. The overall impedance of the entire system may be adjusted by varying the separation between the conductors. The equivalent source impedance at the load is 0.8 Ω. This low value is by virtue of the auxiliary line, which limits the voltage at the load section and reduces the insulator constraints. We present simulations of the generator under real load conditions. The model also is checked against analytical solutions of exponential line behavior and against other published models of pulse power generators.
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Aigumov, T. G., V. A. Alyabev, D. V. Evdulov, and I. Sh Mispahov. "PORTABLE THERMOELECTRIC GENERATOR MODEL ELECTRIC ENERGY FOR THE FAR NORTH." Herald of Dagestan State Technical University. Technical Sciences 46, no. 2 (August 28, 2019): 8–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.21822/2073-6185-2019-46-2-8-19.
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Objectives The aim of the study is to develop a model of a portable thermoelectric generator (TEG), designed to operate at low ambient temperatures, the study of thermophysical processes occurring during its operation.Method A thermal model of TEG for the conditions of the Far North was created, in which five main blocks are distinguished: a heat source (human), heat accumulators, TEG implemented by a certain number of thermoelectric batteries (TEB) connected in series, heat pipes and a radiator system for intensifying heat transfer cold junctions of thermopile elements with the environment, on the border of which there are boundary conditions of the 2nd and 3rd kind. Based on the thermal model, a mathematical model of the device has been developed, which includes solving the problems of calculating the heat conduction, melting and solidification of the working substance in a heat accumulator; an electric energy generator based on a thermoelectric converter.Result The dependency graphs are obtained, reflecting the main characteristics of the developed system, in particular, the dependence of the change in the emf on the temperature difference between the TEG junctions at various coefficients of heat exchange with the environment, efficiency TEG from thermo-emf.Conclusion As follows from the obtained data, the value of the generated emf directly related to the temperature difference between the TEG junctions, and the higher the value of the latter, the higher the emf value The direct dependence of the emf is also evident. and values of heat transfer coefficients with the environment. From the graphs presented, we can conclude that to obtain a larger value of the generated emf it is necessary to select a heat accumulator with the highest possible temperature and heat of fusion. C.p.d. generator decreases with increasing generated emf Under the conditions of a numerical experiment, the maximum value of the efficiency amounted to slightly less than 8%. It is advisable to use heat pipes as heat conduits because of the minimum heat loss along their length, and crystalline sodium sulfate, crystalline sodium carbonate, and paraffin as heat accumulators.
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Airoboman, A. E., Mohammed A. S. Jibrin, J. O. Ademola, J. Oladokun, S. Ahmed, and M. O. Edu. "Efficiency Analysis on Small Sized Generators in Nigeria." Journal of Advances in Science and Engineering 2, no. 2 (December 31, 2019): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.37121/jase.v2i2.66.
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In this paper, efficiency analysis of small sized generators in Nigeria was considered. Experimental analyses were carried out on two (2) different samples of generators tagged “S” and “T” at different loading conditions (20%, 40%, 60% etc. of ratings) to ascertain the generators’ efficiencies as well as the maximum true power that could be drawn out from the generators. The experimental results are compared with the manufacturers ratings specified on the name plate of the generators. The results indicated an average efficiency of 44.9% and 55.7% for “T” and “S” respectively an indication that generator “S” is more efficient that “T”. The results also showed that the values of the power factor indicated on the generators are inaccurate as none of the generators could give the maximum power as indicated on their name plates based on the experimental analysis carried out. The generators selected were able to provide adequate power to the selected loads with efficiencies not up to 100% of the expected rated value of the generators. For generator “S” it was observed that the efficiency decreases from the highest rating to the lowest rating. Conclusively, this result suggests that portable generators dealers are taking advantage of the energy crises to importing generators not up to specifications to the Nigerian market at the expense of naïve customers. This paper recommends that proper standards and measures be put in place and enforced by the relevant authority for conformity of standards to all imported generators to save guard and protect the interest of potential customers and Nigerians.
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Romadhon, Awalu, and Dana Herdiana. "ANALISIS CFD KARAKTERISTIK AERODINAMIKA PADA SAYAP PESAWAT LSU-05 DENGAN PENAMBAHAN VORTEX GENERATOR (ANALYSIS OF CFD AERODYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS AT THE WING OF AIRCRAFT LSU-05 WITH THE ADDITION OF VORTEX GENERATOR)." Jurnal Teknologi Dirgantara 15, no. 1 (December 14, 2017): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.30536/j.jtd.2017.v15.a2518.
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LSU-05 aircraft is one of the unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), which is being developed by the Aeronautics Technology Center of LAPAN, whose mission is for research, observation, patrol, border surveillance, and investigation of natural disasters. This study aims to determine the effect of vortex generators on the aerodynamic characteristics of the LSU-05 Unmanned Aircraft wing. The method used is a numerical analysis with CFD simulation for predicting aerodynamic characteristics and flow phenomena that occur. The models used are the aircraft wing of the LSU-05 without vortex generator and with vortex generator designed with CATIA software. The simulation is using ANSYS Fluent software to determine changes in the aerodynamic characteristics of the wing after the addition of vortex generators such as the lift coefficient and drag coefficient. The results of the addition of vortex generator on LSU-05 wings are the increasing value of the maximum lift coefficient of the wing which becomes 1,34840 from 1,26450, it increases 0,0839 (6.63%) point, the increasing value of the drag coefficient on the angle of attack from -9⁰ to 11⁰, the decreasing value of the drag coefficient on the angle of attack 12⁰ up to 15⁰ and the increasing stall angle of wing from 11⁰ to 14⁰ or increased by 3⁰ (27,7%). AbstrakPesawat LSU-05 adalah salah satu pesawat tanpa awak (UAV) yang sedang dikembangkan oleh Pusat Teknologi Penerbangan LAPAN, yang mempunyai misi untuk kegiatan penelitian, observasi, patroli, pengawasan perbatasan wilayah, dan investigasi bencana alam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan vortex generator terhadap karakteristik aerodinamika dari sayap Pesawat Tanpa Awak LSU-05. Metode yang digunakan adalah analisis numerik dengan simulasi CFD untuk memprediksi karakteristik aerodinamika dan fenomena aliran yang terjadi. Model yang digunakan adalah sayap pesawat LSU-05 tanpa vortex generator dan dengan vortex generator yang didesain dengan software CATIA. Simulasi menggunakan software ANSYS Fluent untuk mengetahui perubahan karakteristik aerodinamika sayap setelah penambahan vortex generator seperti koefisien lift dan koefisien drag. Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian penambahan vortex generator pada sayap Pesawat LSU-05 adalah peningkatan nilai koefisien lift maksimum sayap dari 1,26450 menjadi 1,34840 atau naik sebesar 0,0839 (6,63%), peningkatan nilai koefisien drag pada sudut serang -9⁰ s/d 11⁰, penurunan nilai koefisien drag pada sudut serang 12⁰ s.d 15⁰ dan peningkatan sudut stall sayap dari 11⁰ menjadi 14⁰ atau naik sebesar 3⁰ (27,7 %).
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Wiyadi, Eri, and Lazuardi Umar. "PENGARUH HAMBATAN INTERNAL TERHADAP DAYA OUTPUT ELEMEN TERMOELEKTRIK GENERATOR TIPE 10W-4V-40s." Komunikasi Fisika Indonesia 15, no. 1 (April 30, 2018): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.31258/jkfi.15.1.67-70.
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Thermoelectric generator Type 10W-4V-40s powered by Seebeck effect by utilizing temperature difference in both sides of the element. The hot side (Th) of a TEG element is placed on a stand made of Aluminum-Dural material and given a heat source derived from a heater, on the cold side (Tc) TEG element installed heatsink to reduce heat energy through the cold side and keep the temperature low. The measurement of output power (PL) is done by variation of RL from 0 Ω to 20 Ω under temperature difference conditions (ΔT) varies with constant Tc at 30ºC, the result of the research indicates that the output power (PL) of the thermoelectric element is maximum at RL = 1 Ω when the minimum load decreases and is proportional to the increase in RL resistance. The internal resistance value (Rint) of the TEG element increases in proportion to the magnitude of ΔT on both sides of the element, on Tc and Th at room temperature (30ºC) the value of Rint is 0.85 Ω and the maximum value at ΔT = 50ºC is 1,043 Ω. This indicates that the TEG element depends not only on ΔT on both sides of the module, but also depends on the amount of temperature range used.
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Xu, Guang Shen, Xun Ming Ma, Huan Pan, and Song Qiao Hu. "Research of Micro-Stereolithography System with Dynamic Pattern Generator." Applied Mechanics and Materials 16-19 (October 2009): 675–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.16-19.675.
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In order to fabricate micro/meso structures, a novel micro-stereolithography (SL) system with dynamic pattern generator using digital micro-mirror device (DMD) has been investigated. The micro-stereolithography system solidifies photo-sensitive resin with image mask generated by dynamic pattern generator. The micro-stereolithography system is made up of dynamic pattern generator, recoating system and control system. The dynamic pattern generator consists of parabolic concentrator, UV lamp, collimating lens, shutter, DMD and its control, lens and computer. UV light intensity distribution in the imaging plane is investigated. Uniformity UV light intensity distribution is obtained in the imaging plane with changing small area’s gray-scale, and the difference between maximum and minimum value of UV light intensity is 0.4µW/cm2. Small size parts with intricate microstructures have been fabricated with the novel SL system. Compared with laser scanning SL system, the advantage of the novel micro-SL system is that the new SL system can build small objects having micro-structures with low cost in shorter time. The novel micro-SL system provides a solution to the problem that has hampered the progress of SL process into high resolution with low cost.
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Suwartama Wijaya, I. Made, I. Wayan Arta Wijaya, and I. Gusti Ngurah Janardana. "PENGARUH VARIASI TEKANAN AIR TERHADAP PUTARAN TURBIN DAN DAYA OUTPUT YANG DIHASILKAN PROTOTYPE PLTMH MENGGUNAKAN TURBIN TURGO." Jurnal SPEKTRUM 9, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/spektrum.2022.v09.i02.p20.
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Turgo turbine|is}one^type^of|impulse^turbine{that{is often used!in MHP (Microhydro Power Plant) which has a high head due to the sharp curvature of the blade. The case in turgo turbines is that{the|head!is?still)incorrect, because:this^type^of{turbine{uses*a!high(head-to<rotate^the^turbine runner. Based on what was{described, it!is^necessary!to”make|a prototype of PLTMH>using turgo turbines, in|”order{to(be)able:to”carry|out air pressure effect tests to obtain maximum output and efficiency in PLTMH using turgo turbines. The quantitative experimental method is carried out by calculating the primary data obtained. Prototype?testing|in]this{research used^various air!pressures, including 5 psi, 9 psi, 13 psi, 17 psi, 21 psi, and 25 psi. Based on the results of the study, increasing the*value*of^air^pressure given will cause MHP performance to continue to)increase.|The[maximum output!obtained!is?when^the!water^pressure^is the greatest which is 25 psi which|produces:a|turbine rotation of 838 rpm|before being|coupled with a DC generator and 672.6 rpm after being coupled with a generator, the rotation of the generator is 938.4 rpm, generator. voltage is 8.55 volts, and generator current is 1.044 Ampere, Generator Power 8.93 Watt, Torque 0.127 Nm with turbine efficiency 1.08%.
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Arta Wijaya, I. Wayan, I. Made Dwi Mertadiyasa, and I. Made Suartika. "PENGARUH SUDUT BUKAAN GUIDE VANE DAN TEKANAN AIR TERHADAP KECEPATAN PUTAR DAN DAYA OUTPUT PADA PROTOTYPE PEMBANGKIT LISTRIK TENAGA MIKROHIDRO DENGAN TURBIN CROSSFLOW." Jurnal SPEKTRUM 7, no. 4 (December 6, 2020): 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/spektrum.2020.v07.i04.p19.
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The pattern of power plants development in Indonesia is still relying on the availability of fossilfuels based energy sources. Meanwhile, Human are faced with a situation of depleting reserves offossil energy sources and increasing environmental damage due to the use of fossil fuels basedenergy sources. Renewable Energy development can be a solution to these problems. One of them isthe development of a Micro Hydro Power Plant. In the realization of Micro Hydro Power Plant inIndonesia, the crossflow water turbine type can be used. It is a type of impulse turbine with a goodcharacteristic at a low head for micro-scale generator capacity. This study analyzes the effect of guidevane opening angle and water pressure on rotation and output power of crossflow turbine. Theopening angle of the guide vane studied was 15º, 30º, 45º, 60º, 75º, and 90º in each water pressurecondition of 4 psi, 8.5 psi and 13 psi. The test is carried out by simulating direct measurements on theprototype of the Micro-hydro Power Plant that has been built. Every combination of parameterstested, the maximum value of rotational speed and output power is obtained at the guide vaneopening angle of 30º and water pressure of 13 psi. Turbine rotation values generated before and aftercoupled with a generator are 591.9 rpm and 522.7 rpm. The values of the generator rotation beforeand after the load coupled are at 3490 rpm and 2368 rpm. And the power value generated by thegenerator is 11.8 Watts.
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Zhulai, Yu O., and D. D. Zahovailova. "Energy efficient technologies for the mining industry." Naukovyi Visnyk Natsionalnoho Hirnychoho Universytetu, no. 6 (December 25, 2022): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.33271/nvngu/2022-6/011.
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The cavitation generator of fluid pressure oscillations is a promising device for productivity and efficiency improvement in the mining industry (hereinafter referred to as the generator). Due to the periodic growth, separation and collapse of cavitation cavities into generator volume, shock pressure oscillations are realized with a frequency range from 1 to 20 kHz. Oscillatory pressure peak values are up by 4 times higher than the steady-state pressure at the generator inlet. The destroyed rock takes on a fatigue character under repeated alternating effects of force impulses. Due to the development of a network of microcracks in the rock, the discontinuity of the rock mass occurs at stresses lower than the rock ultimate strength. This leads to an increase in the rate of penetration, high-quality disintegration of well productive zones and an increase in their production rate, as well as to effective loosening and degassing of outburst-prone coal seams. Purpose. To conduct a systematic analysis of the use of a cavitation generator in the mining industry and evaluate its effectiveness. To develop a simplified method for calculating the maximum values of the range of fluid pressure oscillations by the generator. Methodology. The techniques are based on the study of recent research and publications on the use of the generator as a means of impulse action, and on the processing of on its dynamic parameters experimental data. Findings. The results are given in the form of the main parameters that determine the efficiency of technological processes with hydro pulse exposure. The calculation dependences of values are presented of the cavitation parameter for which of the maximum levels of the fluid oscillation are implemented on the injection pressure and those of the maximum values of the range of fluctuations on the cavitation parameter. Originality. It has been established that the use of the generator as a means of impulse action intensifies the mining industrys technological processes and leads to a significant reduction in specific energy consumption. A new simplified method for calculating the maximum level of the oscillation range has been developed, which makes it possible to determine the rational operation modes of the generator. Practical value. At the stage of designing new equipment or upgrading existing equipment, this simplified method allows determining the effective mode of operation of the generator by engineering methods to reduce the specific energy consumption of the technological process.
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Ostroverkhov, Mykola, Vadim Chumack, Mykhailo Kovalenko, and Iryna Kovalenko. "Development of the control system for taking off the maximum power of an autonomous wind plant with a synchronous magnetoelectric generator." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 4, no. 2(118) (August 31, 2022): 67–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2022.263432.
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The object of this study is electromechanical processes in an autonomous wind power plant with a magnetoelectrical generator. Under actual conditions, the wind speed is constantly changing. The wind turbine works as efficiently as possible only at the rated value of wind speed. When the wind speed changes, the efficiency of converting mechanical wind energy into electrical energy decreases. Controlling the power of the electric generator when the wind speed changes is a relevant scientific and technical task. A maximum power selection control system based on the parameters of an experimental sample of a synchronous magnetoelectric generator has been designed and investigated. A feature of the synthesized control system is that it was developed on the basis of the concept of inverse dynamics problems in combination with minimization of local functionals of instantaneous energy values. The control law provides weak sensitivity to parametric perturbations of the object and carries out dynamic decomposition of the interdependent nonlinear system, which predetermines its practical implementation. Transient processes of the power, voltage, and current of the stator, as well as the voltage and excitation current were established when the wind speed changes from 3 to 8 m/s, as well as when the active electrical resistance of the load changes. The results of this study confirm the effectiveness of the maximum power take-off control system when wind speed and load change. When the wind speed changes within 3–8 m/s and the load by 50 %, the efficiency of converting mechanical wind energy into electrical energy increases by 15–40 % compared to the traditional magnetoelectric system. The findings of the current study are recommended for practical use in autonomous power plants based on wind turbines with generators with permanent magnets.
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Chumack, Vadim, Volodymyr Bazenov, Oksana Tymoshchuk, Mykhailo Kovalenko, Serhii Tsyvinskyi, Iryna Kovalenko, and Ihor Tkachuk. "Voltage stabilization of a controlled autonomous magnetoelectric generator with a magnetic shunt and permanent magnet excitation." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 6, no. 5 (114) (December 21, 2021): 56–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2021.246601.
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The paper presents the results of testing and research of the characteristics of a controlled autonomous magnetoelectric synchronous generator with a magnetic shunt. Structurally, the studied generator is a modified asynchronous machine in which the rotor is made with permanent magnets and an additional system in the form of a magnetic shunt. By adjusting the winding current of the magnetic shunt, the output voltage of the generator is regulated. The following characteristics were investigated: the no-load characteristic during operation with permanent magnets and when the winding current of the magnetic shunt changes with forward and reverse polarity. Also, the external characteristic for active and active-inductive loads; the control characteristic when the load current changes at a constant generator voltage. Analysis of the obtained characteristics makes it possible to determine the limits of regulation of the external characteristic, which is ≈40 % relative to the main magnetic flux. The obtained regulation depth allows maintaining the stability of the external characteristic for power factors not exceeding 0.9, which is the usual passport value for autonomous power plants based on synchronous generators. Comparison of the data of research conducted on the experimental setup shows sufficient convergence for engineering and practical tasks. The maximum quantitative difference is 9.3 %, which suggests the adequacy of the previously developed mathematical model. The control characteristic, constructed experimentally at constant generator voltage, is the control law of the magnetic shunt winding for the studied generator. The investigated version of a synchronous generator with a magnetic shunt should be used for autonomous power plants, renewable energy systems, and autonomous power supply systems.
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Gao, Su Ling, Tai Xuan Jia, and Chuang Lu. "Improved on Control Method of Direct-Drive Wind Power Generation System." Advanced Materials Research 557-559 (July 2012): 2130–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.557-559.2130.
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A simulating is researched on the wind power system based on the direct drive PM synchronous generator. It’s maximum power point tracking (MPPT) method. According to the grey system, GM (1,1) model is used to predict the dynamic process of the complex system. When it arrives the maximum power point or so, the least square method is evaluated basing on the experimental data, then calculated the point. Finally the maximum relative error is given between the evaluatal value and experimental data. The results are testified the variable speed system’s good traits of capturing more power and system reliability.
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Kunt, M. Akif. "An experimental investigation of exhaust waste heat recycling by thermoelectric generators under different thermal conditions for internal combustion engines." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 232, no. 12 (November 14, 2017): 1648–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407017733253.
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Almost 70% of heat power produced by pistons in internal combustion engines is lost due to exhaust and cooling. In the course of the heating process, 25% of useful energy transfers to the exit shaft. There have been a lot of studies on recycling waste heat of internal combustion engines, especially on cooling and exhaust systems. A thermoelectric generator is an important way to recycle waste energy in exhaust systems of internal combustion engines. In this study, an air-cooled thermoelectric generator was designed to recycle waste heat energy in exhaust systems of internal combustion engines and its performance was tested. Waste heat recycling tests were conducted by measuring voltage, current, and power values under different thermal conditions depending on the change in load resistance. The results obtained were compared with the results of analyses and experiments. Maximum voltage value at RI = 45Ω load resistance was obtained as 11.03 V (experiment) and 11.22 V (analysis), and maximum current value at RI = 5Ω load resistance as 0.42 A (experiment) at Th = 250°C, Δ T = 40°C.
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Kotowicz, Janusz, Michał Jurczyk, and Daniel Węcel. "Equipment Exploitation in Power to Gas Installation." New Trends in Production Engineering 1, no. 1 (October 1, 2018): 409–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ntpe-2018-0051.
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Abstract The article presents idea of installation to energy storage in the form of hydrogen – Power to Gas (P2G). The results of laboratory tests carried out at the Silesian University of Technology in the Institute of Power Engineering and Turbomachinery (IMiUE), covering selected aspects of hydrogen generators most frequently used in these types of installations are presented. The influence of water conductivity and temperature during continuous operation of the electrolyzer at constant current value and in operation at variable current on the efficiency of the tested devices are shown. A hydrogen generator equipped with two AEM electrolyzers with a performance of 0.5 Nm3H2/h and a generator containing four PEM electrolyzers connected in series, with a maximum performance of 1.58 Ndm3/min were tested. The efficiency characteristics of the electrolysis process, efficiency of the electrolyzers and changes in the resistance values for both types of electrolyzers were presented. Calculations to estimate effect of temperature change on the efficiency characteristic of AEM electrolyzers were also made.
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Babes, B., N. Hamouda, S. Kahla, H. Amar, and S. S. M. Ghoneim. "Fuzzy model based multivariable predictive control design for rapid and efficient speed-sensorless maximum power extraction of renewable wind generators." Electrical Engineering & Electromechanics, no. 3 (May 30, 2022): 51–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2074-272x.2022.3.08.
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Introduction. A wind energy conversion system needs a maximum power point tracking algorithm. In the literature, several works have interested in the search for a maximum power point wind energy conversion system. Generally, their goals are to optimize the mechanical rotation or the generator torque and the direct current or the duty cycle switchers. The power output of a wind energy conversion system depends on the accuracy of the maximum power tracking controller, as wind speed changes constantly throughout the day. Maximum power point tracking systems that do not require mechanical sensors to measure the wind speed offer several advantages over systems using mechanical sensors. The novelty. The proposed work introduces an intelligent maximum power point tracking technique based on a fuzzy model and multivariable predictive controller to extract the maximum energy for a small-scale wind energy conversion system coupled to the electrical network. The suggested algorithm does not need the measurement of the wind velocity or the knowledge of turbine parameters. Purpose. Building an intelligent maximum power point tracking algorithm that does not use mechanical sensors to measure the wind speed and extracts the maximum possible power from the wind generator, and is simple and easy to implement. Methods. In this control approach, a fuzzy system is mainly utilized to generate the reference DC-current corresponding to the maximum power point based on the changes in the DC-power and the rectified DC-voltage. In contrast, the fuzzy model-based multivariable predictive regulator follows the resultant reference current with minimum steady-state error. The significant issues of the suggested maximum power point tracking method, such as the detailed design process and implementation of the two controllers, have been thoroughly investigated and presented. The considered maximum power point tracking approach has been applied to a wind system driving a 5 kW permanent magnet synchronous generator in variable speed mode through the simulation tests. Practical value. A practical implementation has been executed on a 5 kW test bench consisting of a dSPACEds1104 controller board, permanent magnet synchronous generator, and DC-motor drives to confirm the simulation results. Comparative experimental results under varying wind speed have confirmed the achievable significant performance enhancements on the maximum wind energy generation and overall system response by using the suggested control method compared with a traditional proportional integral maximum power point tracking controller.
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Thimmareddygari, Somesh Reddy, Ankit Sonthalia, and C. Ramesh Kumar. "Performance Analysis of Single Module Thermoelectric Generator." Advanced Materials Research 875-877 (February 2014): 1625–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.875-877.1625.
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The need of energy is increasing enormously day by day and presently it is being fulfilled mostly by depleting energy resources like coal and petroleum based fuels. This situation pushes mankind to search for novel green technologies which can convert efficiently even low grade heat energy into useful energy. Thermoelectric generator (TEG) promises to be clear technology to generate electricity. TEG uses temperature gradient between source and sink to generate electricity. In this study, performance of commercially available thermoelectric module was studied using a specially designed cross flow heat exchanger. The heat exchanger was optimized previously using commercially available CFD package Ansys CFX. The efficiency of thermoelectric module was calculated by taking figure of merit and Carnot efficiency into consideration. The results indicate that the commercially available TEG used in this study, which is made of Bismuth Telluride performs efficiently at higher temperature difference and value of figure of merit is around one at maximum efficiency.
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De Luca and Galasso. "Calibration of NSRP Models from Extreme Value Distributions." Hydrology 6, no. 4 (October 16, 2019): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/hydrology6040089.
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In this work, the authors investigated the feasibility of calibrating a model which is suitable for the generation of continuous high-resolution rainfall series, by using only data from annual maximum rainfall (AMR) series, which are usually longer than continuous high-resolution data, or they are the unique available data set for many locations. In detail, the basic version of the Neyman–Scott Rectangular Pulses (NSRP) model was considered, and numerical experiments were carried out, in order to analyze which parameters can mostly influence the extreme value frequency distributions, and whether heavy rainfall reproduction can be improved with respect to the usual calibration with continuous data. The obtained results were highly promising, as the authors found acceptable relationships among extreme value distributions and statistical properties of intensity and duration for the pulses. Moreover, the proposed procedure is flexible, and it is clearly applicable for a generic rainfall generator, in which probability distributions and shape of the pulses, and extreme value distributions can assume any mathematical expression.
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NOGA, Marcin. "Development of the range extender for a 48 V electric vehicle." Combustion Engines 177, no. 2 (May 1, 2019): 113–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-2019-220.
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The article deals with the concept, development and results of preliminary tests of a range extender for an electric light commercial vehicle Melex with a 48 V electrical system. The purpose of the project is to build a prototype of the range extender powered by an internal combustion engine that will increase the range of the vehicle with electric drive, and at the same time will be characterized by a high efficiency and low exhaust emissions. The developed range extender is a combination of a 163cc single-cylinder combustion engine with a generator joined through a ribbed belt transmission. The 3-phase generator from a heavy-duty vehicle was used. In order to match the output voltage of the generator to the system voltage of the electric vehicle, an external adjustable regulator and a rectifier bridge with an increased operating voltage were used. The range extender was attached to a body of the electric vehicle by means of a welded frame made of thin-walled steel profiles. Initial tests of the developed range extender showed its proper interaction with both the lead-acid battery of the vehicle as well as with the nickel-metal hydride battery (NiMH) adapted to 48 V voltage from a hybrid electric vehicle. A maximum output power exceeding 2 kW was obtained. Maximum value of the overall efficiency of the range extender reaches up to 18.8%, which is a high value considering the small size of the used engine and the type of generator. The directions for further development of the range extender were also revealed in this paper.
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Ariestya Pamungkas, Ravinda, I. Wayan Arta Wijaya, and I. Gusti Ngurah Janardana. "PENGARUH DEBIT AIR TERHADAP? PUTARAN?TURBIN?DAN?DAYA?OUTPUT? YANG?DIHASILKAN?PROTOTYPE PLTMH?DENGAN?TURBIN?KAPLAN." Jurnal SPEKTRUM 8, no. 2 (July 12, 2021): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/spektrum.2021.v08.i02.p19.
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Kaplan turbine is suitable turbine to use in the place that have small water fall (head)but need big water discharge. The problem from this turbine is the turbine need high waterdischarge to test the related parameters but it is too difficult to do because the water dischargeis not constant in the river. Based on the problems described, it is necessary to make a hydropower plant prototype using a Kaplan turbine with a laboratory scale so that it can obtainmaximum output result on a micro hydro power plant. The Method of analysis used is bycalculating the rimary data obtained. Prototype testing in this study uses water discharge thatvaries including 9 liter/s, 10 liter/s, 12 liter/s, 14 liter/s and 16 liter/s. The maximum outputobtained is when the water discharge is 16 liter/s which produces a turbine rotation of 228,3 rpmbefore the generator is coupled and 172,5 rpm after the generator is coupled, the generatorrotation is 902,5 rom, the generator voltage is 9,07 Volts, the generator current is 0,56Amperes, generator power is 5,09 Watt, torque is 0,28 Nm, and the efficiency occurs 1,62%.Based on the result of the study, the maximum output obtained is from the water discharge 16liter/s which is the biggest water discharge because an increase in the value of water dischargewill cause the micro hydro power plant performance to increase.
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Muharrir, Muharrir, and Ibnu Hajar. "Analisis Pengaruh Beban Terhadap Efisiensi Generator Unit 2 PLTP PT. Indonesia Power UPJP Kamojang." KILAT 8, no. 2 (October 6, 2019): 93–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.33322/kilat.v8i2.643.
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Geothermal as a newest natural resource for Indonesian. PLTP PT. Indonesia Power as one of subsidiaries of PLN that is focused on generating using geothermal resource. One of the important components in the system of PLTP is a generator. PLTP Kamojang had been operating for about ±30 years, where there are still some problems that will reduce the efficiency of generator. The generator at PLTP Kamojang unit 2 must be operated more than 90% so that it will be able to supply electric power for 150kV. If the generator operated with the efficiency under 80%, so the supply of energy will not be maximum, because there are so much energy of electric lost caused by the losses in the generator. That is why needs to be analyzed toward the efficiency of the generator, whether the generator still works optimum or not. The result of analyses from the month of February 2019 as long as 1 month, found that the efficiency of generator unit 2 is about 92,888%. If comparing by the efficiency of generator as design as much as 98,4%. The efficiency value of the generator unit 2 Kamojang is decreased for about 5,51%. This condition showed that the generator still reliable one in supllying electric power.