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Journal articles on the topic 'Mauro Boni'

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Published: 11 March 2023

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1

Seo, Micaela Noemí. "CARACTERIZACIÓN DE HYBANTHUS LEUCOPOGON (VIOLACEAE), UNA ESPECIE ENDÉMICA DE CORRIENTES." Bonplandia 18, no. 1 (January 1, 2009): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.30972/bon.1811345.

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<div>Se realizó la caracterización macro y micromorfológica de Hybanthus leucopogon Sparre,</div><div>aspecto aún muy poco estudiado en Hybanthus. Se analizaron los patrones micromorfológicos</div><div>de la superficie seminal y del margen foliar de esta especie; estas observaciones han revelado</div><div>la presencia de un patrón específico de micro-ornamentación en la cubierta seminal y la</div><div>superficie foliar que podrían ser utilizados en la identificación infragenérica de Hybanthus</div>

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2

Ludvigson, Sydney C., and Serena Ng. "Macro Factors in Bond Risk Premia." Review of Financial Studies 22, no. 12 (October 20, 2009): 5027–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rfs/hhp081.

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3

Hou, Keqiang, Xing Li, Zeguang Li, and Ting Wu. "Forecasting bond returns in a macro model." International Review of Economics & Finance 72 (March 2021): 524–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2020.11.007.

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4

Aslanidis, Nektarios, Charlotte Christiansen, and Andrea Cipollini. "Predicting bond betas using macro-finance variables." Finance Research Letters 29 (June 2019): 193–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2018.07.007.

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5

Liu, Rui. "Forecasting Bond Risk Premia with Unspanned Macroeconomic Information." Quarterly Journal of Finance 09, no. 01 (March 2019): 1940001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010139219400019.

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I provide evidence on the existence of unspanned macro risk. I investigate the usefulness of unspanned macro information for forecasting bond risk premia in a macro-finance term structure model from the perspective of a bond investor. I account for model uncertainty by combining forecasts with and without unspanned output and inflation risks optimally from the forecaster’s objective. Incorporating macro information generates significant gains in forecasting bond risk premia relative to yield curve information at long forecast horizons, especially when allowing for time-varying combination weight. These gains in predictive accuracy significantly improve investor utility.

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6

Garnevičius, Mantas, Linas Plioplys, and Viktor Gribniak. "DETERMINATION AND MODELLING OF BOND PROPERTIES OF SYNTHETIC MACRO-FIBRES IN CONCRETE." Mokslas - Lietuvos ateitis 13 (January 6, 2021): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/mla.2021.12807.

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Bond behaviour of a synthetic macro-fibre in concrete is the object of this research. The bond strength and stiffness are the parameters characterising the bonding mechanism that determines the efficiency of the reinforcing material. However, there is no general methodology developed to evaluate fibre efficiency. There also exists neither a straightforward procedure to estimate the bond quality of a synthetic macro-fibre nor a reliable numerical model to simulate the bond behaviour of such fibres. In this work, the bond mechanisms of 40 mm long synthetic macro-fibres are investigated using pull-out tests: 16 concrete cubes were made for that purpose. One type of synthetic macro-fibre available at the market is considered. In each test sample, three fibres were inserted perpendicular to the top and two side surfaces; two bonding lengths (10 mm and 20 mm) were used. A gripping system was developed to protect the fibres from local damage. A physically non-linear finite element model of the pull-out sample was developed. A bond model was proposed to simulate deformation behaviour of the fibres.

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7

Genant, H. K., C. Gordon, Y. Jiang, T. F. Lang, T. M. Link, and S. Majumdar. "Advanced imaging of bone macro and micro structure." Bone 25, no. 1 (July 1999): 149–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s8756-3282(99)00109-x.

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8

Baier, Scott R., and Yihong Wan. "MicroRNA Exert Macro Effects on Cancer Bone Metastasis." Current Osteoporosis Reports 14, no. 5 (July 27, 2016): 163–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11914-016-0316-1.

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9

Zaideman, Oded, and Anath Fischer. "Geometric Bone Modeling: From Macro to Micro Structures." Journal of Computer Science and Technology 25, no. 3 (May 2010): 614–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11390-010-9350-0.

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10

Genant, Harry K. "Advanced imaging of bone macro and micro structure." Bone 47 (October 2010): S378. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bone.2010.09.063.

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11

Liu, Fan, Yi Liu, Xinyu Li, Xiaohong Wang, Danni Li, SungMin Chung, Cen Chen, and In-Seop Lee. "Osteogenesis of 3D printed macro-pore size biphasic calcium phosphate scaffold in rabbit calvaria." Journal of Biomaterials Applications 33, no. 9 (January 21, 2019): 1168–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0885328218825177.

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To investigate the osteogenesis of macro-pore sized bone scaffolds, biphasic calcium phosphate scaffolds with accurately controlled macro-pore size (0.8, 1.2, and 1.6 mm) and identical porosity of 70% were fabricated by the 3D printing technology. Eight New Zealand rabbits were selected in the present study, while four 8-mm-diameter calvarial defects were created in each rabbit to place BCP scaffolds with different macro-pore size. The harvested specimens of four and eight weeks were used to evaluate the bone forming ability by micro CT and histological examination. All 3D-printed BCP scaffolds exhibited excellent mechanical properties and had better bone-forming ability than the control at both four and eight weeks. Among them, scaffold with 0.8 mm pore size was superior for initial bone formation and maturation, resulting in the highest value of total bone formation.

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12

Garnevičius, Mantas, Linas Plioplys, Pui-Lam Ng, Shaohua Chu, and Viktor Gribniak. "Investigation and Improvement of Bond Performance of Synthetic Macro-Fibres in Concrete." Materials 13, no. 24 (December 13, 2020): 5688. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13245688.

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Strength and stiffness are the key parameters characterising the bond performance of fibres in concrete. However, a straightforward procedure for estimating the bond parameters of a synthetic macro-fibre does not exist. This study employs pull-out tests to investigate the bond behaviour of synthetic macro-fibres. Two types of macro-fibres available in the market were investigated. A gripping system was developed to protect the fibres from local damage. The experimental campaign consisted of two stages. At the first stage, 32 concrete specimens were manufactured for performing 96 pull-out tests (three fibre samples were embedded in each cube perpendicular to the top surface and two sides). Two types of macro-fibres with either 10 or 20 mm embedment length were tested. The obtained load–displacement diagrams from pull-out tests demonstrate that the bond performance (characterised by the strength and deformation modulus) of the “top” fibres is almost 20% weaker than fibres positioned to the side surfaces. At the second stage, one type of macro-fibre was chosen for further experimentation of the feasibility of improving the bond performance through the use of colloidal silica or steel micro-fibres. This investigation stage employed an additional 36 concrete specimens. The use of steel micro-fibres was found to be an efficient alternative. The success of this solution requires a suitable proportioning of the concrete.

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13

Belbase, Rupesh Jung, Amrut Diwakar Raje, and Anchal Singh. "A review on the role of macro and micro nutrients in bone health." International Journal of Research in Orthopaedics 5, no. 5 (August 26, 2019): 995. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2455-4510.intjresorthop20193851.

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<p class="abstract">Osteoporosis is a major public health problem, affecting many individuals. The aging population will require problem related prevention, education, and treatment to maintain bone density and reduce the bone fractures and falls. Inadequate intake of nutrients increases the risk for bone loss and subsequent osteoporosis. Protein, calcium and vitamin D are vital nutrients for optimal bone health. Adequate calcium is essential for bone maintenance. There are several other vitamin and mineral needed for metabolic processes related to good bone health, including manganese, copper, iron, zinc, vitamin A, vitamin K, vitamin C and the B vitamins. Related macro- and micronutrients play an important role in bone mass integrity and quality. Adequate nutrition for older adults needs to be encouraged to promote and maintain bone health.</p>

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14

Rong, Haoyu, Guichen Li, Dongxu Liang, Changlun Sun, Suhui Zhang, and Yuantian Sun. "Numerical Investigation on the Evolution of Mechanical Properties of Rock Affected by Micro-Parameters." Applied Sciences 10, no. 14 (July 19, 2020): 4957. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10144957.

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Investigating the micro-parameters of rock is vital for understanding the macro-properties of rock, such as the uniaxial compressive strength (UCS), Young’s modulus, failure patterns, etc. In this paper, based on the experimental results of rock material, a parallel-bond model in three-dimensional particle flow code (PFC3D) was applied to investigate the effects of the joint action of bond stiffness ratio and bond stress ratio on macro-properties of rock. The uniaxial compressive strength, stress–strain relationships, and failure characteristics, as well as underlying compression and failure mechanisms, in the process of parameter calibration, were systematically studied. The results indicated that the interaction of several micro-parameters would obviously change the response characteristics of the macro-properties of the model. The mechanism of the effects of various micro-parameters on the macro-properties of the model was further revealed. The change of the micro-parameters would change the strength and stress state of the bond between particles. The research results could promote the understanding of the failure mechanism of rock and improve the efficiency of micro-parameter calibration and the accuracy of calibration results.

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15

Racila, Mihaela, and Jean Marie Crolet. "Nano and Macro Structure of Cortical Bone: Numerical Investigations." Mechanics of Advanced Materials and Structures 14, no. 8 (November 16, 2007): 655–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15376490701673193.

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16

Zysset, P. K. "Mechanics of bone tissue revisited from nano to macro." Journal of Biomechanics 39 (January 2006): S15—S16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9290(06)82928-3.

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17

Taboga, Marco. "Macro-finance VARs and bond risk premia: A caveat." Review of Financial Economics 18, no. 4 (October 2009): 163–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rfe.2009.06.002.

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18

Dewachter, Hans, Leonardo Iania, Wolfgang Lemke, and Marco Lyrio. "A macro–financial analysis of the corporate bond market." Empirical Economics 57, no. 6 (March 14, 2019): 1911–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00181-018-1530-8.

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19

Fellah, Borhane H., Said Kimakhe, G. Daculsi, and Pierre Layrolle. "Macro/Microporous Biphasic Calcium Phosphate Cylinders and Resorbable Collagen Membranes for Guided Bone Growth." Key Engineering Materials 361-363 (November 2007): 439–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.361-363.439.

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This study aims at evaluating bone growth in critical-sized femoral defects of rats filled with macro micro porous biphasic calcium phosphate ceramic (MBCP) cylinders surrounded or not by a resorbable collagen membrane. Femoral defects left empty (control) exhibited partial bone ingrowths after 3 and 6 weeks and were completely healed at 12 weeks. The defects filled with the collagen membranes appeared partially healed suggesting that the membranes constraint bone ingrowth. Bone formation occurred around the collagen membrane which partially degraded over time. In the MBCP/membrane group, bone has grown inside the macro pores of the MBCP cylinders. Bone ingrowth was more rapid and abundant in the defects filled with MBCP alone. The combination MBCP/collagen membrane may be beneficial for the reconstruction of large bone defects without using repetitive surgeries and autologous bone grafting.

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20

Wang, Qinghua, Yaning Zhou, Li Luo, and Junping Ji. "Research on the Factors Affecting the Risk Premium of China’s Green Bond Issuance." Sustainability 11, no. 22 (November 14, 2019): 6394. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11226394.

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Green bonds have both “bond” and “green” attributes and are one of the important financing tools for green financial markets. The green bond risk premium directly reflects the financing cost of bond issuers and the capital gains of investors. A reasonable risk premium is the key to the successful issuance and trading of green bonds. Therefore, this paper studies the factors affecting the risk premium of China’s green bond issuance, aiming to provide a basis for determining a more reasonable risk premium. Based on the primary issuance market of green bonds, this paper takes into account the macro- and microscopic cross-sectional data of green bond issuance and comprehensively considers the main factors affecting the green bond risk premium from macro-influence factors, micro-influence factors, and green attribute factors. An empirical study of the factors affecting the risk premium of China’s green bond issuance was conducted using multivariate statistical regression analysis. The study found that the green attribute factor affecting the risk premium of green bonds is third-party green assessment certification. The bond factors affecting the risk premium of green bond issuance mainly include debt credit rating, issue period, and issue size, all of which affect the risk of green bond issuance. The issuer factors affecting the risk premium of green bonds include debt principal, nature of property rights, and return on net assets. The macro factor affecting the risk premium of green bonds is the current market interest rate.

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21

Rahmatika, Nurlia. "HOW IS THE SHOCK OF THE MACRO ECONOMICS VARIABLES AND WORLD OIL PRICE EFFECTED THE YIELD OF INDONESIA GOVERNMENT BOND INDEX (INDOBEXGB)?" Media Ekonomi 27, no. 2 (July 29, 2020): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.25105/me.v27i2.6280.

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<em>This study aims to measure how is the shock of the macro economics variables and world oil price effected the yield of indonesia government bond index (INDOBEXGB). <em>The research methodology used is quantitative method uses time series data. The source of the data derived with monthly data and secondary data from Bank Indonesia (BI), Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS), Indonesia Bond Pricing Agency (IBPA) and Bloomberg. This research is analyzed by using Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) since there is cointegrated variables which could be seen in Trace Statistic and Max-Eigenvalues Statistic is greater than Critical Value. <em>The result of the analysis shows that the shock of macro economics variables money supply and forex reserves give a negative and significant effect to yield on Indonesia Government Bond Index (INDOBEXGB). Whereas the shock of macro economics variables consumer price index, BI rate, exchange rate, and world oil prices each give a positive and significant effect to Indonesia Government Bond Index (INDOBEXGB).</em></em></em>

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22

Schmid, Holger, Dieter Mühlbayer, Jörg Röling, Thomas Sternfeld, Boris Jülg, Uwe Schlattner, Peter J. Nelson, Johannes R. Bogner, Theo Wallimann, and Frank D. Goebel. "Macroenzyme Creatine Kinase (Ck) Type 2 in HIV-Infected Patients is Significantly Associated with Tdf and Consists of Ubiquitous Mitochondrial Ck." Antiviral Therapy 11, no. 8 (November 2006): 1071–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/135965350601100813.

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Objective To evaluate the prevalence and origin of macroenzyme creatine kinase type 2 (Macro CK2) in HIV-1-infected patients on antiretroviral treatment. Design CK, CK-MB activity and protein weight, electrophoretic behaviour, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), bone alkaline phosphatase (AP), (2-microglobulin serum levels and proteinuria were analysed in 468 HIV-infected outpatients. Sera with detectable Macro CK2 were further analysed using immunoblotting. Results CK-MB isoenzyme activity and mass concentration revealed the presence of Macro CK2 in 32/408 (7.8%) outpatients. Tenofovir DF (TDF) treatment was a prominent common feature in these patients. Prospective examination of sera from 41 patients collected prior to and during TDF exposure showed Macro CK2 in 20/41 (48%) TDF-treated patients and in 0/19 control sera from patients with TDF-free regimens. Macro CK2 was not present prior to TDF exposure. Patients with Macro CK2 showed a significant elevation of serum (2-microglobulin levels. GFR, AST/ALT ratio, bone AP and proteinuria remained unchanged. Electrophoresis and immunoblotting demonstrated that the Macro CK2 in TDF-treated patients consisted of the ubiquitous (uMtCK) and not the sarcomeric type (sMtCK) of mitochondrial CK (MtCK). Conclusions Macro CK2 consisting of uMtCK is associated with the use of TDF-containing regimens. Whether the appearance of uMtCK in these patients reflects mitochondrial damage remains to be clarified.

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23

UCHIGASHIMA, Yuki, Daisuke TAWARA, and Tetsuya TSUJIKAMI. "Bone remodeling simulation for prediction of micro trabecular morphology corresponding to macro bone density." Proceedings of Mechanical Engineering Congress, Japan 2017 (2017): J0210204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecj.2017.j0210204.

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24

Han, Jae-Woong, Ji-Hong Jeon, and Chan-Gi Park. "Bond Characteristics of Macro Polypropylene Fiber in Cementitious Composites Containing Nanosilica and Styrene Butadiene Latex Polymer." International Journal of Polymer Science 2015 (2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/207456.

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This study evaluated the bond properties of polypropylene (PP) fiber in plain cementitious composites (PCCs) and styrene butadiene latex polymer cementitious composites (LCCs) at different nanosilica contents. The bond tests were evaluated according to JCI SF-8, in which the contents of nanosilica in the cement were 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 wt%, based on cement weight. The addition of nanosilica significantly affected the bond properties between macro PP fiber and cementitious composites. For PCCs, the addition of 0–2 wt% nanosilica enhanced bond strength and interface toughness, whereas the addition of 4 wt% or more reduced bond strength and interface toughness. The bond strength and interfacial toughness of LCCs also increased with the addition of up to 6% nanosilica. The analysis of the relative bond strength showed that the addition of nanosilica affects the bond properties of both PCC and LCC. This result was confirmed via microstructural analysis of the macro PP fiber surface after the bond tests, which revealed an increase in scratches due to frictional forces and fiber tearing.

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25

Gromova, O. A., I. Yu Torshin, and O. A. Limanova. "Manysided role of macro- and microelements in bone tissue construction." Gynecology 16, no. 2 (2014): 50–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.26442/2079-5831_16.2.50-56.

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26

Caporale, Guglielmo Maria, Fabio Spagnolo, and Nicola Spagnolo. "Macro news and bond yield spreads in the euro area." European Journal of Finance 24, no. 2 (February 21, 2017): 114–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1351847x.2017.1285797.

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27

Vivanco, Juan, Ameet Aiyangar, Aldo Araneda, and Heidi-Lynn Ploeg. "Mechanical characterization of injection-molded macro porous bioceramic bone scaffolds." Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials 9 (May 2012): 137–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmbbm.2012.02.003.

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28

Sanz-Herrera, J. A., J. M. García-Aznar, and M. Doblaré. "Micro–macro numerical modelling of bone regeneration in tissue engineering." Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering 197, no. 33-40 (June 2008): 3092–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cma.2008.02.010.

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29

Rodríguez, Ángel, Paloma Trueba, José Manuel Amado, María José Tobar, Mercè Giner, Vicente Amigó, and Yadir Torres. "Surface Modification of Porous Titanium Discs Using Femtosecond Laser Structuring." Metals 10, no. 6 (June 4, 2020): 748. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10060748.

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The failure of titanium implants is associated with two main problems that include the bone resorption and fracture of the surrounding bone tissue (stiffness incompatibility) and implant loosening (poor osseointegration). The development of porous titanium implants with low Young modulus solve the stress shielding phenomenon, while the modification of the implant surface must be implemented to promote a fast bond between the implant and bone. In this work, femtosecond laser micromachining was applied to modify the topography of the surface of Ti porous samples obtained by a space-holder technique to obtain hierarchical structures (micro and nano roughness patterns) to enhance osseointegration. Scanning electron microscopy, confocal laser microscopy, and image analysis were used for characterization of the surface morphology, roughness, and porosity before and after performing the laser treatment. Based on these results, the effect of the treatment on the mechanical behavior of the samples was estimated. In addition, a preliminary in-vitro test was performed to verify the adhesion of osteoblasts (filopodia presence) on modified titanium surface. Results revealed that laser texturing generated clusters of micro-holes and micro-columns both on the flat surface of the samples and inside the macro-pores, and periodic nanometric structures across the entire surface. The porous substrate offers suitable biomechanics (stiffness and yield strength) and bio-functional behavior (bone ingrowth and osseointegration), which improves the clinic success of titanium implants.

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30

Szabó, Simon, Marco Francesco Funari, Bora Pulatsu, and Paulo B. Lourenço. "On the Texture Influence of Masonry Walls’ Lateral Capacity: Comparison between Macro and Micro Limit Analysis Predictions." Applied Sciences 12, no. 21 (October 26, 2022): 10834. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122110834.

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This research investigates the texture influence of masonry walls’ lateral capacity by comparing analytical predictions performed via macro and micro limit analysis. In particular, the effect of regular and quasi-periodic bond types, namely Running, Flemish, and English, is investigated. A full factorial dataset involving 81 combinations is generated by varying geometrical (panel and block aspect ratio, bond type) and mechanical (friction coefficient) parameters. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) approach is used to investigate one-way and two-way factor interactions for each parameter in order to assess how it affects the horizontal load multiplier. Macro and micro limit analysis predictions are compared, and the differences in terms of mass-proportional horizontal load multiplier and failure mechanism are critically discussed. Macro and micro limit analysis provide close results, demonstrating the reliability of such approaches. Furthermore, results underline how the panel and block aspect ratio had the most significant effect on both the mean values and scatter of results, while no significant effect could be attributed to the bond types.

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31

Daculsi, G., P. Corre, Oliver Malard, Racquel Z. LeGeros, and Eric Goyenvalle. "Performance for Bone Ingrowth of Biphasic Calcium Phosphate Ceramic Versus Bovine Bone Substitute." Key Engineering Materials 309-311 (May 2006): 1379–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.309-311.1379.

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Calcium phosphate bioceramics and bovine bone xenograft with or without sintering are more or less used in orthopaedics or in maxillofacial surgery. In this study we compare in a rat femoral epiphysis model after 3 weeks of implantation the bone in growth at the expense of granules of same size of micro macro porous biphasic calcium phosphate MBCP, sintered bovine bone and unsintered BioOss.

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Cruz, Gabriela Alessandra da, Sérgio de Toledo, Enilson Antonio Sallum, and Antonio Fernando Martorelli de Lima. "Morphological and chemical analysis of bone substitutes by scanning electron microscopy and microanalysis by spectroscopy of dispersion energy." Brazilian Dental Journal 18, no. 2 (2007): 129–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-64402007000200008.

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This study evaluated the morphological and chemical composition of the following bone substitutes: cancellous and cortical organic bovine bone with macro and microparticle size ranging from 1.0 to 2.0 mm and 0.25 to 1.0 mm, respectively; inorganic bovine bone with particle size ranging from 0.25 to 1.0 mm; hydroxyapatite with particle size ranging from 0.75 to 1.0 mm; and demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft with particle size ranging from 0.25 to 0.5 mm. The samples were sputter-coated with gold in an ion coater, the morphology was observed and particle size was measured under vacuum by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The chemical composition was evaluated by spectroscopy of dispersion energy (EDS) microanalysis using samples without coating. SEM analysis provided visual evidence that all examined materials have irregular shape and particle sizes larger than those informed by the manufacturer. EDS microanalysis detected the presence of sodium, calcium and phosphorus that are usual elements of the bone tissue. However, mineral elements were detected in all analyzed particles of organic bovine bone except for macro cancellous organic bovine bone. These results suggest that the examined organic bovine bone cannot be considered as a pure organic material.

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33

Song, Ping, Cheng Hu, Xuan Pei, Jianxun Sun, Huan Sun, Lina Wu, Qing Jiang, et al. "Dual modulation of crystallinity and macro-/microstructures of 3D printed porous titanium implants to enhance stability and osseointegration." Journal of Materials Chemistry B 7, no. 17 (2019): 2865–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9tb00093c.

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Anesi, Alexandre, and Francesco Cavani. "Editorial for the Special Issue on “Multidisciplinary Insights on Bone Healing”." Biology 11, no. 12 (December 7, 2022): 1776. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology11121776.

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35

Tumedei, Margherita, Morena Petrini, Davide Pietropaoli, Alessandro Cipollina, Castrenze La Torre, Maria Stella Di Carmine, Adriano Piattelli, and Giovanna Iezzi. "The Influence of the Implant Macrogeometry on Insertion Torque, Removal Torque, and Periotest Implant Primary Stability: A Mechanical Simulation on High-Density Artificial Bone." Symmetry 13, no. 5 (April 30, 2021): 776. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym13050776.

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Background: The primary stability is a determinant clinical condition for the success of different dental implants macro-design in different bone density using a validated and repeatable in vitro technique employing solid rigid polyurethane blocks. Materials and Methods: Five implants 3.8 × 13 mm2 for each macro-design (i.e., IK—tapered; IC—cylindric; and IA—active blade shape) were positioned into 20- and 30- pounds per cubic foot (PCF) polyurethane blocks. Bucco-lingual (BL) and mesial-distal (MD) implant stability quotient score (ISQ) was assessed by resonance frequency analysis while, insertion/removal torques were evaluated by dynamometric ratchet. Results: IC implants shown better primary stability in terms of ISQ compared to IA and IK in lower density block (20 PCF), while IK was superior to IA in higher density (30 PCF). IC shown higher removal torque in 30-PCF compared to IA and IC. Conclusions: The study effectiveness on polyurethane artificial bone with isotropic symmetry structure showed that the implants macro-design might represent a key factor on primary stability, in particular on low-density alveolar bone. Clinicians should consider patients features and implant geometry during low-density jaws rehabilitation. Further investigations are needed to generalize these findings.

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Chadefaux, Céline, and Ina Reiche. "Archaeological Bone from Macro- to Nanoscale: Heat-Induced Modifications at Low Temperatures." Journal of Nano Research 8 (September 2009): 157–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jnanor.8.157.

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The present work focuses on the characterization of structural modifications in bone material induced by heating at low temperatures (90 - 250°C). This is of outmost importance when archaeological bone material is concerned. Changes occurring in the structure of the type I collagen and of the mineral-organic arrangement are especially investigated. This precise characterization required the combination of complementary analytical techniques: Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) for global analysis of the collagen state of conservation, Scanning Electron Microscopy coupled with an Energy Dispersive X-Ray system (SEM-EDX), micro-Proton-Induced X-ray and Gamma-ray Emission (micro-PIXE/PIGE) for chemical analysis of the mineral fraction, Infrared microspectroscopy in attenuated total reflectance mode (micro-ATR-FT-IR) combined with curve-fitting for microscopic investigations and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) on ultrathin sections to characterize the modifications in the mineral/organic interface at nanoscale. New criteria characterizing the effect of a thermal treatment at low temperatures on the bone structure from the macroscopic to the nanoscale were determined. There are namely a broadening of the Haversian canals, the inversion of the turns to -sheet ratio in the collagen structure determined by decomposition of the amide I IR band as well as a shift of amide II IR band position with the heating temperature to lower wavenumbers. At nanoscale, melting of the organic phase and clustering of hydroxyapatite (HAP) bone crystals can be observed. For comparison, unheated archaeological bones have been analyzed in order to test if the heat-induced modification can be distinguished from diagenetic alterations, generally dissolution-recrystallisation processes, in soils.

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Rammohan, Abhishek Vishwanath, Taeyong Lee, and V. B. C. Tan. "A Novel Morphological Model of Trabecular Bone Based on the Gyroid." International Journal of Applied Mechanics 07, no. 03 (June 2015): 1550048. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1758825115500489.

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Human trabecular bone is known to be structurally very complex. The geometrical distribution of trabecular bone has major effects on its ability to perform its physiological function of load-bearing efficiently. Idealized unit cell models are very helpful in understanding the significance of micro-level properties on macro-level behavior. There is a need for a simple method to model trabecular bone, such that micro-level phenomena (like buckling) can be studied. We investigate a new model for trabecular bone, based on a minimal surface solid called a gyroid. The gyroid-based model is computationally easy to implement, and generates structures that possess strong morphometric and mechanical resemblance to real trabecular bone. We generated gyroid models for a range of volume fractions, representing trabecular bone samples obtained from various anatomic sites and ages. Finite element analysis was performed to obtain the mechanical properties of the gyroid structures. We calculated the small-strain elastic moduli values for each of the gyroid models and plotted these against corresponding apparent density. A power-law relationship was obtained for the gyroid models, in accordance with published studies on real trabecular bone mechanical behavior. The results showed that the gyroid could provide a suitable model for studying the effects of variations in trabecular structure on macro-level bone behavior.

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Kabir, Md Arafat, Masaru Murata, Mamata Shakya, Katsuhisa Yamada, and Toshiyuki Akazawa. "Bio-Absorption of Human Dentin-Derived Biomaterial in Sheep Critical-Size Iliac Defects." Materials 14, no. 1 (January 5, 2021): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14010223.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the bio-absorption and bone regeneration of human tooth-derived dentin scaffold, entitled as perforated root-demineralized dentin matrix (PR-DDM), after in vivo implantation into the critical-size iliac defects. The dentin scaffolds were prepared from human vital, non-functional teeth. Thirty artificial macro-pores (Ø 1 mm) were added after removing the enamel portion. The modified teeth were supersonically demineralized in 0.34 N HNO3 for 30 min. The microstructure was observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The 3D micro-CT and histological analysis were carried out to evaluate the bio-absorption of PR-DDM at 2 and 4 months. A smooth dentin collagen surface with symmetrical macro-pores and tube-type dentinal tubules (Ø 1–2 µm) with micro-cracks were observed on the perforated region. A significant number of custom-made macro-pores disappeared, and the size of the macro-pores became significantly wider at 4 months compared with the 2 months (p < 0.05) evaluated by 3D micro-CT. Histological images revealed the presence of multinucleated giant cells attached to the scalloped border of the PR-DDM. The morphological changes due to bio-absorption by the cellular phagocytes were comparable to the 3D micro-CT and histological images at 2 and 4 months. Altogether, the results demonstrated that the PR-DDM block was gradually absorbed by multinucleated giant cells and regenerated bone. Human PR-DDM might serve as a unique scaffold for extraoral bone regeneration.

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Liu, Cong, Yang Zhang, and Wen Ding Li. "Study on the Mechanism of the Soybean Adhesive Improved by Micro/Nano Fibrils and the Bond Strength of the Poplar Plywood with it." Applied Mechanics and Materials 174-177 (May 2012): 1152–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.174-177.1152.

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The micro/nano fibrils was used to modify the soybean glue, which was used as the adhesive of poplar plywood. The poplar plywood bond strength were evaluated. To explain the improvement in mechanism, Differential Scanning Calorimetry(DSC) and Dynamic Mechanical Analysis apparatus(DMA) were applied to analyze the influence of poplar macro/nano fibrils on soybean glue. The test of bonding strength results show that the bond strength of poplar plywood was enhanced as micro/nano poplar fibrils was added. And the DMA figures of soybean glue illustrate that poplar macro/nano fibrils has improved the deformation resistence of soybean glue plywood and the heat resistance of soybean glue.

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40

Müller, Lenka, Frank A. Müller, Jürgen Zeschky, Tobias Fey, and Peter Greil. "Fabrication of Hydroxyapatite Ceramics with Interconnected Macro Porosity." Key Engineering Materials 284-286 (April 2005): 277–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.284-286.277.

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Calcium phosphate bioceramics with an interconnective pore structure were produced by foaming of hydroxyapatite and methyl phenyl poly(silsequioxane) melts in the temperature range between 250 °C and 310 °C. The cellular structure of the resulting porous bodies were controlled by foaming parameters and filler load. A porosity of up to 92 % was achieved by decreasing the HAfiller amount and increasing the foaming temperature. Subsequent pyrolysis in air at temperatures of 900 °C and 1100 °C resulted in macroporous foams composed of HA and HA/b-TCP, respectively. The porous bodies with tailorable structure and composition are of interest for bone tissue engineering scaffolds and orthopedic implants.

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WU, Zhishen, and Jun YIN. "Macro and Microscopic Bonding Fracture Mechanism Along FRP-concrete Bond Interface." Journal of applied mechanics 9 (2006): 1077–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/journalam.9.1077.

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Cui, Jing, and Hua Zhao. "Intraday jumps in China's Treasury bond market and macro news announcements." International Review of Economics & Finance 39 (September 2015): 211–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2015.04.006.

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Dewachter, Hans, Leonardo Iania, Marco Lyrio, and Maite de Sola Perea. "A macro-financial analysis of the euro area sovereign bond market." Journal of Banking & Finance 50 (January 2015): 308–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2014.03.011.

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Sanz-Herrera, José A., Juan Mora-Macías, Esther Reina-Romo, Jaime Domínguez, and Manuel Doblaré. "Multiscale Characterisation of Cortical Bone Tissue." Applied Sciences 9, no. 23 (December 1, 2019): 5228. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9235228.

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Multiscale analysis has become an attractive technique to predict the behaviour of materials whose microstructure strongly changes spatially or among samples, with that microstructure controlling the local constitutive behaviour. This is the case, for example, of most biological tissues—such as bone. Multiscale approaches not only allow, not only to better characterise the local behaviour, but also to predict the field-variable distributions (e.g., strains, stresses) at both scales (macro and micro) simultaneously. However, multiscale analysis usually lacks sufficient experimental feedback to demonstrate its validity. In this paper an experimental and numerical micromechanics analysis is developed with application to cortical bone. Displacement and strain fields are obtained across the microstructure by means of digital image correlation (DIC). The other mechanical variables are computed following the micromechanics theory. Special emphasis is given to the differences found in the different field variables between the micro- and macro-structures, which points out the need for this multiscale approach in cortical bone tissue. The obtained results are used to establish the basis of a multiscale methodology with application to the analysis of bone tissue mechanics at different spatial scales.

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Wei, Xin, Hui Yuan, Rui Wei Huang, and Shao Hui Lai. "Wear Characteristics of ID Saw Blade in Silicon Ingot Slicing Process." Materials Science Forum 532-533 (December 2006): 157–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.532-533.157.

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In this paper, the wear behavior of the ID (inner diameter) saw blade in the cutting process of silicon ingot was observed with SEM. Its wear mechanism was discussed and the relation between the blade wear and vibration, deflection was analyzed. The results show that the blade worn manners include flatted diamond, micro-fractured diamond, macro-fractured diamond, pulled-out hole, tortoise-fractured bond, and polished bond. In the abnormal working stage of a blade, however, the working surface of the blade is displayed mainly with pulled out diamond, flatted diamond, macro-fractured diamond grains. Abnormal initial tension condition will induce severe vibration and deflection, and so then lots of diamond grits fractured or pulled out too early.

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Schubert, Dana Carina, Lisa-Theresa Neustädter, Manfred Coenen, Christian Visscher, and Josef Kamphues. "Investigations on the Effects of Different Calcium Supply Exceeding the Requirements on Mineral Serum Concentrations and Bone Metabolism in Young Warmblood Stallions." Animals 11, no. 8 (August 19, 2021): 2439. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11082439.

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Since mineral supplements for horses commonly contain macro minerals, although the requirement for such is usually covered by roughage-based diets, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different dietary calcium levels on mineral serum concentrations and bone metabolism. The trial was conducted in 30 young warmblood stallions (2–3 years) that were divided into two groups for a five-month feeding trial. The groups were fed a hay- and oat-based diet and were either supplied with high (Ca-High) or moderate (Ca-Moderate) calcium excess. While in Ca-High calcium supply was about 2–2.5-fold of the requirement, in Ca-Moderate calcium requirements were slightly surpassed (1.5–1.6-fold). In order to monitor the effects of the different calcium supply, blood samples were taken during the trial and analysed for levels of macro and trace elements as well as concentrations of two bone markers. In Ca-Moderate a trend towards higher phosphorus serum levels compared to Ca-High was observed which was significant at the end of the trial (p = 0.0002). Furthermore, results showed no influence of the diet on bone markers. Results support the idea that forage-based rations for horses do not necessarily have to be supplemented with macro minerals but with trace elements.

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Choi, Sung Yong, Young Hwan Park, and Woo Tai Jung. "A Study on the Bond Performance Improvement of Polypropylene Macro Fibers According to the Change of Surface Area." Advanced Materials Research 557-559 (July 2012): 1440–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.557-559.1440.

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Fiber Reinforced Concrete (FRC) is a representative strengthening method adopted to improve the sudden brittle failure of concrete under tension and dynamic loadings and to control the generation and propagation of cracks occurring during the curing process. The strengthening performance provided by the fiber is sensitively influenced by the physical properties of the fiber itself as well as by its volume ratio but is also varying according to the difference in the bond performance at the interface between the fiber and concrete. Even if the fiber exhibits outstanding physical performance, if the bond performance does not reach similar level, the fiber will not be able to develop fully its performance. Currently, the methods improving the fiber bond performance are essentially focusing on the improvement of the mechanical bond performance by changing the longitudinal shape of the fiber such as the application of crimped and hooked fibers. A very few methods intend to improve the bond performance by increasing the bond area of the fiber itself. Therefore, this study increases the surface area of the fiber by changing its section while preserving its volume during the fabrication process, conducts tests on the bond performance between the cement paste and the fiber with changed surface area, and examines the changes in the bond performance according to the increase of the surface area.

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48

Izhar, Aiman, Maira Saman, Muhammad Asif, Abdul Rehman Niazi, and Abdul Nasir Khalid. "Two new records of Tricholoma species from Pakistan based on morphological features and phylogenetic analysis." Plant and Fungal Systematics 67, no. 2 (2022): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.35535/pfsyst-2022-0003.

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Two species of Tricholoma, T. bonii and T. triste, are reported as new records for Pakistan. Phylogenetic analysis based on the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (nrITS) region clustered the Pakistani collections with T. bonii and T. triste sequences from previous worldwide collections. Detailed descriptions of macro- and microcharacters, habitat, general distribution, and diagnostic features are presented.

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Chelyshev, Yuriy, Petr Grishin, Filipp Savranskiy, Marat Gafurov, Elena Kalinnikova, and Svetlana Chigarina. "STUDY BY THE METHOD OF ELEKTRONIC PARAMAGNETIC RESONANCE OF THE INFUENCE OF PHYSICS-CHEMICAL AND STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF BONE TISSUE ON THE PROCESSES OF OSSEOINTEGRATION OF DENTAL IMPLANTS WITH DIFFERENT MICROSTRUCTURE OF THE SURFACE." Actual problems in dentistry 16, no. 4 (February 9, 2021): 122–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.18481/2077-7566-20-16-4-122-129.

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Aim. Study by the method of electronic paramagnetic resonance (EPR) physical- chemical and structural features of bone tissue and their effect on the processes of osseointegration during dental implantation using implants with different macro-microstructure of the surface. Material and methods. The experimental study was conducted on 7 Vietnamese visobryu-pig mini-pigs. Under anesthesia, implants with different macro-microstructures of the surface (SLA, RBM, ) were installed under the methods of direct and delayed implantation. At different dates of the experiment, after the appropriate anesthesia, the gentle method was to remove implants with small fragments of periemplant bone tissue. Macro-drugs of bone tissue of the jaws after sawing on blocks and extraction of implants, as well as appropriate preparation, were investigated by the method of stationary electronic paramagnetic resonance. Results. As a result of the study it was revealed that the insertation of the implant into the jaw bone leads to structural changes in the surrounding bone implant. After prior exposure, the EPR spectrums, caused by different types of paramagnetic centers, were observed in the samples studied. Two types of centers, , have been identified. and F is the center. The spectrum of the second type reflects the presence in hydroxiapatites of lattice defects associated with isomorphism, and, . The findings suggest that one of the reasons for the higher content of free radicals (SR) in bone tissue derived from radiation, after dental implantation is the weakening of chemical bonds, greater mobility of fragments that make up its structure. It must be assumed that the high content of SR in the bone in the postoperative period is nothing but a result of the disruption of the mineralization process, which is accompanied by the replacement of phosphate groups with carbonate ions that are free-radicalized. It has also been revealed that the structural integrity of the bone depends to a large extent on the degree of orderliness of microcrystals of hydroxyapatite. According to EPR, the most favorable bone recovery (the process of osseointegration) occurs when using implants with a surface, . Conclusions. EPR research of native and carbonate radicals is a unique tool for studying the physical and chemical and structural features of bone tissue and their role in the process of osseointegration of implants. The speed of osseointegration for implants with different microstructures of the surface varies. EPR can be used as an additional method to control the integration of implants into bone tissue.

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Zhang, Shuhua, Bin Tian, Bofu Chen, Xiaochun Lu, Bobo Xiong, and Ning Shuang. "The Influence of Freeze–Thaw Cycles and Corrosion on Reinforced Concrete and the Relationship between the Evolutions of the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties." Materials 15, no. 18 (September 7, 2022): 6215. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15186215.

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Freeze–thaw cycles (FTCs) and steel bar corrosion (SBC) are the most common service conditions of hydraulic concrete and have significant impacts on its durability. Using pullout and microscopic tests of different FTC and SBC rates, we selected the mass loss rate, ultrasonic velocity, bond strength and bond slip in order to describe the changes in the macro-properties, and also selected the porosity and pore size distribution as micro-parameters in order to explore the influence of FTCs and SBC on the mechanical properties of hydraulic concrete. The results showed that the bond strength decreased as the FTCs increased due to the microstructure damage caused by FTC and SBC, which affects the mechanical properties. A corrosion rate of ≤3% offset the damage caused by 50 FTCs. FTCs and SBC resulted in superimposed damage effects on the concrete. In addition, we established a bond strength damage model based on the joint FTCs and SBC and quantitatively described the degradation law of the macro-mechanical properties. The analysis shows that the influence of FTCs on the bond strength was greater than that of the SBC. These research results can provide a reference and experimental support for the frost-resistant design and durability prediction of hydraulic concrete structures in cold environments.

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