Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Maurice Merleau-Ponty'
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Labelle, Gilles. "Politique et philosophie chez Maurice Merleau-Ponty." Paris, EHESS, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993EHES0328.
Full textIn this thesis of 380p. And five chapters, the author seeks to establish the nature of the connection between maurice merleau-ponty's philosophy and his political thought. The first chapter consists mainly of a critical survey of the existing litterature. In chapters 2 and 3, the author investigates the connection between the phenomenology exposed in merleau-ponty's first philosophical works and his examination of marxism. Special attention is paid to humanism and terror (published in 1947), a book in which merleauponty's problematical adherence to marxism is obvious. In chapters 4 and 5, the author questions the critique of marxism exposed in adventures of dialectics (published in 1955) and other articles. The author suggests in these chapters a connection between this critique (which supposes a critique of the concept of "revolution") and the "new ontology" of the "flesh", exposed in the last philosophical writings. Finally, the author concludes by examining the legacy of merleau-ponty's work and by comparing it to jeanpaul sartre, georg lukacs and claude lefort's last works
Shin, In-Sup. "Maurice Merleau-Ponty et la question d'autrui /." Lausanne, 2000. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb377202893.
Full textBalagué, Laurent Escoubas Éliane. "Langage et histoire chez Maurice Merleau-Ponty." S. l. : S. n, 2008. http://doxa.scd.univ-paris12.fr:80/theses/th2008PEST0067.htm.
Full textBalagué, Laurent. "Langage et histoire chez Maurice Merleau-Ponty." Thesis, Paris Est, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PEST0067/document.
Full textThe aim of this work is to investigate the links between philosophy and history in Maurice Merleau-Ponty's thought. This philosopher stated that "Saussure might have opened a new philosophy of history." I shall enquire what could be the meaning of such a statement to Merleau-Ponty, thus assuming that there is a transformation of the paradigm he used to conceptualise history. History indeed shouldn't be understood, as was the case with Hegel or Marx, as something having intelligibility and meaning only from a dialectical perspective, but should also be understood with the help of linguistics. Our point is to ascertain how such a change can be accounted for. This work is threefold. In the first part, I endeavour to show that Merleau-Ponty had a philosophy of history prior to his reading of Saussure, and that it was grounded in the notion of Gestalt. In a second part, I undertake to show that what is yet most significant in Merleau-Ponty's way of conceiving history comes from his interest in the work of some linguists and chiefly Saussure's. It is the notion of signification "understood as "diacritical"" which enables the conceptualisation of language as well as of history. The reading of linguists can thus be seen as a turning point in the making of his philosophy of history. The third part then goes on to show that the later Merleau-Ponty, and what has been called ontology of the flesh, revolves around a questioning of history and language bringing him to conceive history, philosophy and its language anew - that is: through a quasi-literary form
Slatman, Jenny. "L'expression au-delà de la représentation : sur l'aisthêsis et l'esthétique chez Merleau-Ponty /." [S.l. : Amsterdam : s.n.] ; Universiteit van Amsterdam [Host], 2001. http://dare.uva.nl/document/85132.
Full textBarbaras, Renaud. "L'ontologie de Merleau-Ponty." Lyon 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LYO31003.
Full textThe purpose of this work is to reconstitute and estimate the ontology of merleauponty, built up in "le visible et l'invisible". The question is for him to conciliate the irreducible transcendancy of the perceptible world and the possibility of the meaning, testified by the linguistic expression. This purpose leads him to challenge the opposition between the facticity and the essence, opposition which in fact refers to a single ontological attitude, consisting in thinking the being as positivity and the knowledge as adequation or coincidence. In so far as the perceptible world can be said, it proves irreducible to the facticity; but in so far as the meaning is embodied in words, it proves irreducible to the essence. The refusal of this opposition leads merleau-ponty to criticize symetrically the eidetical philosophy of hussel and the dialectical philosophy of sartre. . . It is necessary to grasp the experience as "chair", that is to say as a process of phenomenalisation by which the being achieves itself, express itself in the element of the visibility, offers itself while concealing itself. The analysis of the visibility, irreducible to the ponctuality of the seen and to the ideality of the vision, allows then to make clear the different constitutive stratums, from the objective transcendancy, correlative of the intercorporeity, to the universe of ideality appearing through the element of language
Faust, Wolfgang. "Abenteuer der Phänomenologie Philosophie und Politik bei Maurice Merleau-Ponty." Würzburg Königshausen und Neumann, 2007. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2906022&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.
Full textMercury, Jean-Yves. "L'expressivité dans la pensée de Maurice Merleau-Ponty." Bordeaux 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR30021.
Full textMoon, Hiong-Sook. "Philosophie de la vision chez Maurice Merleau-Ponty." Paris 4, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA040084.
Full textThe philosophy of vision is an essay on pluralism in which the model is found not only in the world of expression, but also in that of perception. The study on behavior and perception that Merleau-Ponty developed during the first part of his career as a philosopher reveals that realm of perception carries within itself the dialectic which confuses the way of being with the being itself, from inferior beings to superior beings. In order to establish a pluralistic conception of the world, Merleau-Ponty begins to pursue the perceptible world where a chiasmatic structure is discovered, which is to say the reversibility, as a result of converting the object into the subject, the subject and object. The chiasmatic structure is manifested particularly in the experience of the body itself, of the being at the same time perceptive and feeling. It could be said that the chiasmus of perspectives deduced from perceptivity is what constitutes the philosophy of vision which is opposed to the dogmatic philosophy. Consequently, the vision as well as the perception is an open field, an infinite field of hermeneutics. This idea which characterizes the thought of last Merleau-Ponty is translated by the dialectic of the visible and the invisible. There is here an ontology that is called that is called "the ontology of perception". Respecting the evolution of his thought which consists of the passage of phenomenology to ontology, we are attempting to find the central purpose which explains the prepositions of the thought. It concerns the spiritual approach of a hermeneutics which measures the range and the meaning of the merleau-pontian philosophy, of which its true meaning is not always easy to grasp, because of the use of theological terms which obscure its original intuition. In so doing, we endeavor to make clear the true meaning of his sometimes ambiguous ideas
Shin, Hye Young. "La question du sujet chez Maurice Merleau-Ponty." Paris 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA010634.
Full textBucur, Dorel. "Autrui : comportement, corps, chair : (chez Maurice Merleau-Ponty)." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO30015.
Full textHusserl’s late philosophy is confronted with a paradoxical necessity: founding this philosophy on a community of subjects. At the same time, the Husserlian phenomenology shows out the person sitting behind phenomenological reflection but also the Other in which the phenomenological philosopher tries to find assistance. Thus, along with the emergence of the phenomenology, the problem of the Other is placed at the core of the philosophy directly connected to the question of the subjectivity. The question of the Other, despite not being the central point of his philosophy, is constantly present in the Merleau-Ponty’s philosophy. If in the Husserl’s Fifth Cartesian Mediation the most difficult problem concerning the question of the Other is precisely the fact that this question is being asked by what it seems to be an autosufficient subjectivity, in The Structure of Behavior, the notion of the behavior as structure (Gestalt) accomplishes already a decentering of the human subjectivity, freeing the ground for the question of the Other. In the Phenomenology of Perception, this work of decentering is being continued with the analysis of the body, showing that the corporeal subjectivity precedes the conscience. Finally, in The Visible and the Invisible, Merleau-Ponty investigates the question of the Other along with the question of Being. In reevaluating the notion of structure, it is now not only a question of subjectivity but of how the reflection limits itself to a positive questing of the Being. The incarnation implies a degree of negativity that reflection has to presume and the very consequence of that is there’s no longer a privileged place for a constitutive subject (ego). In the Being of flesh, there’s no longer a privileged place for me, or for the other, or for our relation. It’s only in its final philosophy of the flesh, the indirect ontology, that the question of the Other can be accepted with all its constitutives paradoxes
Andrews, Jorella G. M. "Merleau-Ponty and the question of painting." Thesis, University of Essex, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.482090.
Full textCappoccia, Nilce. "Expressão em Merleau-Ponty." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2017. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/19946.
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This study contemplates a reflection on the philosophy of Maurice Merleau-Ponty, whose main texts and triggers were The Doubt of Cézanne and The Eye and the Spirit, which articulated the theme of expression, mainly pictorial expression, as a form of sensitive creative manifestation. The painting is presented as a visible manifestation of any effort developed by the painter in contact with his object of study, in a meditative process. The artist experiences and makes use of the body, finding in the gestures and in the perception all the lived experience. The philosopher takes up painting as a path and theme for reflection
Este estudo contempla uma reflexão sobre a filosofia de Maurice Merleau-Ponty, cujos textos principais e desencadeadores foram A Dúvida de Cézanne e O Olho e o espírito, que articularam a temática da expressão, principalmente da expressão pictórica, como forma de manifestação criativa sensível. A pintura é apresentada como manifestação visível de todo esforço desenvolvido pelo pintor em contato com seu objeto de estudo, num processo meditativo. O artista vivencia e faz uso do corpo, encontrando, nos gestos e na percepção, toda a experiência vivida. O filósofo retoma a pintura como caminho e tema para a reflexão
Joo, Seong-Ho. "Merleau-Ponty, penseur bergsonien ? : la formation de la philosophie de Merleau-Ponty et le "Bergsonisme"." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002STR20044.
Full textThe present study intends to show how Bergson's philosophy influences Merleau-Ponty's one. We think that Bergson's philosophy directs the "first" Merleau-Ponty toward the "world" which precedes knowledge, the "world" before the devision of which is made into "phenomenon" and "reality" by idealism and realism. This philosophical orientation is found in his "last" works. But our study does not only lie in detemining what role Bergson's philosophy plays in the formation of Merleau-Ponty's one. It consists also in understanding what senses Merleau-Ponty' phenomenology and ontologoy have in this philosophical orientation. We seek to show in what sens Merleau-Ponty's phenomenology is not a suitable philosophical methode to seize the "world" which preceeds knowledge. And we also try to elucidate in what sense his ontology can seize this "world"
Marques, Rodrigo Vieira. "Merleau-Ponty e a crise da razão." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/4787.
Full textABSTRACT This work takes its point of departure in Merleau-Ponty s Philosophy, centered in the notion of Crisis of Reason , basing itself on the presupposition that this is a fundamental concept of contemporary phenomenology. In the Cartesian thought, already it was possible to find the idea of the crisis, however, it was the finding of a crisis of sciences . Something similar was also in Valery, especially when he speaks of a crisis of spirit . The novelty of Husserl was exactly in showing that the crisis, as he lived it, was deeper, shook the Reason itself. This work assumes the task of showing that, not limiting to a crisis of sciences, of the spirit or of Reason itself, Merleau-Ponty discusses a present crisis in the man himself, or rather, in the diverse points of view that has about him. In this sense, his philosophical project is based, primarily, on the attempt to establish a dialogue with the points of view of the philosophy and of the science. Therefore, an inquiry of the divergence of these points, is warranted, elucidating not only the scenario in which the conflict is, but also its genesis. Likewise, starting from a Merleau-Pontian understanding of the crisis, finally, this study also assumes the task of asking about the repercussions of this crisis in the relation of philosophical knowledge to itself, then, in the way of his own philosophy to understand its history, being, therefore, the importance of this incursion in the desire to explain what, according to Merleau-Ponty, would be a possible way of overcoming.
Este trabalho parte de uma leitura da filosofia de Merleau-Ponty centrada na nocao de Crise da Razao , fundamentando-se no pressuposto de que se trata de um conceito fundamental da fenomenologia contemporanea. No pensamento cartesiano, ja era possivel encontrar a ideia de crise, porem, tratava-se da constatacao de uma crise das ciencias . Algo semelhante havia tambem em Valery, especialmente ao se falar de uma crise do espirito . A novidade de Husserl estava justamente em mostrar que a crise, tal como ele a vivia, era mais profunda, abalava a propria Razao. Este trabalho assume a tarefa de mostrar que, nao se limitando a uma crise das ciencias, do espirito ou da propria Razao, Merleau-Ponty discute uma crise presente no proprio homem, ou antes, nos diversos pontos de vista que se tem a seu respeito. E neste sentido que o seu projeto filosofico se fundamenta, em primeiro lugar, na tentativa de estabelecer um dialogo entre os pontos de vista da filosofia e da ciencia. Por conseguinte, justifica-se uma investigacao da divergencia destes pontos, procurando elucidar nao so o cenario no qual o conflito se encontra, mas tambem a sua genese. Do mesmo modo, partindo de uma compreensao merleau-pontiana da crise, por fim, este trabalho assume tambem a tarefa de se indagar acerca da repercussao desta mesma crise na relacao do saber filosofico consigo mesmo, logo, no modo da propria filosofia entender a sua historia, estando, pois, a importancia desta incursao no ensejo de explicitar o que, para Merleau- Ponty, seria uma possivel via de superacao.
Létourneau, Patrice. "Le phénomène de l'expression artistique chez Maurice Merleau-Ponty /." Thèse, Trois-Rivières : Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2002. http://www.uqtr.ca/biblio/notice/resume/03-2238801R.html.
Full textLétourneau, Patrice. "Le phénomène de l'expression artistique chez Maurice Merleau-Ponty." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2002. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/2589/1/000693494.pdf.
Full textGianfrancesco, Fabio. "Natura, cultura, storia : l’ontologia espressiva di Maurice Merleau-Ponty." Thesis, Paris 10, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA100011.
Full text«Nous ne cessons pas de vivre dans le monde de la perception, mais nous le dépassons par la pensée critique, au point d’oublier la contribution qu’il apporte à notre idée du vrai». With this sentence, which opens a text to which the philosopher entrusts an evaluation of the results of his first works, Maurice Merleau-Ponty recapitulates the fundamental problem due to which all his reflections will be affected afterwards. Led, from the very beginning of his research, from the intent to overcome the antinomy between the intellectualist and the empiricist perspectives, Merleau-Ponty calls for a philosophy capable of turning towards the human phenomenon, to account for its mode of existence and redirect it beyond the Cartesian distinction between soul and body, inaugurating a philosophical anthropology as propaedeutic to a more general epistemological reform, capable of returning to philosophy itself its function of radical questioning the concrete experience.The aim of our work is to show how this investigation, which initially finds its starting point in the observation and description of perception, increasingly stretching towards a thematization and a study of the problem of expression, through which the Merleaupontian reflection evolves from the phenomenology of corporeity to a real ontology of the sensible.First investigated as a necessary correlative of perceptual manifestations, expression becomes progressively the subject of an autonomous reflection and, at the same time, a methodological pivotal point of a philosophical trajectory in which the anthropological inquiry gradually gives way to a philosophy of nature, an indirect ontology able to account for the historicity of the experience and, in virtue of this, to rethink the relationship between nature and culture, body and language. This means to bring back the problem of the genesis of meaning within an accomplished rehabilitation of the sensible and to point out the emerging of a philosophy as a continuous re-articulation of and archaeology of perception and a genealogy of knowledge
«Nous ne cessons pas de vivre dans le monde de la perception, mais nous le dépassons par la pensée critique, au point d’oublier la contribution qu’il apporte à notre idée du vrai». Con questa frase, con cui si apre un testo cui il filosofo affida un bilancio dei risultati dei suoi primi lavori, Maurice Merleau-Ponty ricapitola il problema fondamentale da cui tutta la sua riflessione rimarrà segnata. Spinto, fin dagli esordi della sua ricerca, dall’intento di superare l’antinomia fra le prospettive Intellettualiste ed Empiriste, Merleau-Ponty fa appello a una filosofia capace volgersi nuovamente verso il fenomeno umano, di rendere conto delle sue modalità d’esistenza e re indagarlo al di là della distinzione cartesiana fra anima e corpo, inaugurando un’antropologia filosofica come propedeutica a una più generale riforma epistemologica in grado di restituire alla filosofia stessa la sua funzione d’interrogazione radicale dell’esperienza concreta.Scopo del nostro lavoro è di mostrare come questa indagine, che da principio trova nell’osservazione e nella descrizione della percezione il suo punto d’avvio, protenda sempre maggiormente verso una tematizzazione e uno studio del problema dell’espressione, attraverso il quale la riflessione merleaupontiana evolve da fenomenologia della corporeità a vera e propria ontologia del sensibile.Dapprima indagata come correlato necessario delle manifestazioni percettive, l’espressione diviene progressivamente oggetto di una riflessione autonoma e, al medesimo tempo, cardine metodologico di una traiettoria filosofica in cui l’inchiesta antropologica lascia gradualmente il passo a una filosofia della natura. Si osserverà così l’attestarsi di un’ontologia indiretta, in grado di rendere conto della storicità dell’esperienza, e in virtù di quest’ultima di ripensare il rapporto tra natura e cultura, corpo e linguaggio. Ovvero di riproporre il problema della genesi del senso in seno a una riabilitazione compiuta del sensibile e quello dell’emergere di una filosofia come continua riarticolazione di un’archeologia della percezione e di una genealogia della conoscenza
Honório, Jucemar. "A má ambiguidade na filosofia de Maurice Merleau-Ponty." Florianópolis, 2012. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/100638.
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O presente trabalho busca refletir sobre a forma como Merleau-Ponty articula as noções de corpo e reflexão na obra Fenomenologia da Percepção. Apresentamos como o estudo da percepção empreendida por este filósofo resultou em uma má ambiguidade, tal como a declara no texto de candidatura ao College de France. Percorremos nossa discussão sobre a ambiguidade do corpo através da compreensão de uma estrutura existencial onde o corpo e o mundo estão interligados numa expressão perfeita como uma obra de arte. Vamos encontrar a má ambiguidade na tentativa de Merleau-Ponty de sair do equívoco da fundação cruzada, o Fundierung. A má ambiguidade se mostra como a simples mistura entre o universal e o particular. Não sendo possível compreender como pode ocorrer a passagem efetiva entre os extremos, assim Merleau-Ponty se mantém no interior dos quadros da tradição. O projeto da Fenomenologia da Percepção trouxe uma grande contribuição para a noção de corpo e mundo, contudo ao tentar resolver o equívoco pela correlação entre subjetividade e temporalidade houve uma centralidade na subjetividade tornando-o tributária da ontologia clássica que é sua crítica e tentativa de superação.
The present work aims to reflect on how Merleau-Ponty articulates the notions of body and reflection in the work Phenomenology of Perception. Here as the perception study undertaken by this resulted in a poor philosopher ambiguity, as stated in the text of the application College de France. We went through our discussion of the ambiguity of the body through the understanding of an existential structure where the body and the world are interconnected in a perfect expression as a work of art. Let us find the bad ambiguity in Merleau-Ponty attempted to leave the dubious foundation cross the Fundierung. The bad ambiguity appears as a simple mixture between the universal and particular. Not being able to understand how effective the passage may occur between the extremes, and Merleau-Ponty remains within the frame of tradition. The project of the Phenomenology of Perception brought a great contribution to the concept of body and world, however when trying to resolve the ambiguity in the relationship between subjectivity and temporality was a centrality of subjectivity making it tax the classical ontology that is his criticism and attempt to overcome.
Scarpa, Mariana Cabral Tomzhinsky. "A linguagem em Merleau-Ponty." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFPR, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1884/46282.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Humanas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Filosofia. Defesa: Curitiba, 23/02/2017
Inclui referências : f. 228-232
Área de concentração: História da Filosofia
Resumo: Neste trabalho buscamos apresentar o tema da linguagem ao longo das obras de Merleau-Ponty, perseguindo os diferentes deslocamentos sofridos na abordagem dessa problemática. Em um primeiro momento, tratamos das obras dos anos 1940 a fim de apresentar a gênese da linguagem como uma das expressividades possíveis do corpo no mundo. No momento seguinte, início dos anos 1950, passamos a mostrar como a noção de diacriticidade dos signos, inspirada na linguística de Saussure, permite a Merleau-Ponty uma reformulação e ampliação do escopo do papel da linguagem. Em seguida, por meio desta virada linguística, exploramos os ganhos advindos da noção de instituição na problematização da linguagem. E, por fim, nos últimos escritos do filósofo, expomos o modo como a abordagem da linguagem lança a reflexão filosófica de Merleau-Ponty numa atmosfera de negatividade e permanente criação. Palavras-chave : linguagem; diacriticidade; instituição; fenomenologia; Merleau-Ponty.
Résumé: Dans ce travail nous présentons le thème du langage au long des oeuvres de Merleau Ponty, ceci en suivant les différents déplacements trouvés dans l'approche de cette thématique. Premièrement, nous nous occupons des oeuvres des années 1940, de sorte à montrer la genèse du langage em tant qu'une des expressivités possibles du corps dans le monde. À partir des oeuvres du début des années 1950, nous présentons la notion de la diacriticité des signes, qui est calquée sur le modèle de la linguistique de Saussure. Cette notion permets à Merleau Ponty une reformulation et un élargissement du rôle du langage dans ces ouvres. En suite, grace au tournant linguistique, nous étudions les gains théoriques permis par la notion de l'institution. Pour conclure, à partir des derniers écrits du philosophe, nous exposons la façon à travers laquelle le langage conduit la réflexion de Merleau-Ponty à une atmosphère de négativité et création permanent. Mots-clés : langage; diacriticité; institution; phénoménologie; Merleau-Ponty.
Colì, Maria Lucia. "Merleau-Ponty e la natura." Paris 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA010633.
Full textAyouch, Thamy. "L'"inconscient " dans l'oeuvre de Maurice Merleau-Ponty : Phénoménologie de l'affectivité et métapsychologie de l'affect (Merleau-Ponty - Freud )." Paris 7, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA070033.
Full textThe first part of this work confronts Merleau-Ponty's interpretation of psychoanalysis to the reading some psychoanalysts (A. Green, J. -B. Pontalis, J. Lacan and C. Castoriadis) make of Merleau-Ponty's philosophy. The second part aims to demonstrate that in moving away from Husserl's phenomenology, Merleau-Ponty's reveals as a phenomenology of affectivity. Hence, the consciousness-unconscious continuity some psychoanalysts indict in Merleau-Ponty's perspective proves less problematic for the category of affect. Having presented the reader with the metapsychological aporia Iying in Freud's definition of affect, the third part aims to show how Merleau-Ponty's Phenomenology of affectivity provides with a new perspective on Freud's affect metapsychology, more particularly in the domains of body, perception and intersubjectivity, but also as far as the very act of writing theory is concerned
Mantovani, Harley Juliano. "Arqueologia fenomenológica de Merleau-Ponty." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/4822.
Full textUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais
This dissertation is based the relationship between Phenomenology and Metaphysics, one of the pillars of contemporary French Philosophy. If, in that context, there seems to be a consensus according to which the metaphysical is originary, we, on the other hand, aim at investigating its place and its origins. This work focuses on one of the aspects over which that relationship has developed, and which, at the same time, characterize one novelty of contemporary Philosophy, namely, the concern with language and with writing. When the phenomenological discourse unveiled what it first denied, the Being, when it neutralized itself in this incapability of expression, it brought the metaphysical, which thereafter needed to be seen as originary. What characterizes the metaphysical in discourse is, thus, a rational cohesion without a concept, that is, the absence of abstract and objective categories and of pure meanings given a priori, for a thought which could possibly be prior to language. With this rearrangement of the metaphysical concerning language, and taking it as a Philosophical theme, we return to the origins and to the inauguration of Philosophy. Finally, we analyze this surpassing of Phenomenology through the return to language phenomenon, which meant having another encounter with Philosophy after Phenomenology. This re-visitation meant the narrative of a new beginning. As we proceeded in this process, the importance of language for the whole ontological project of Merleau-Ponty became more and more clear, especially concerning the initial moments of a Phenomenology of perception, when it was not in the center of our analysis, and when it was not discussed. This silence was revealing to us.
Essa dissertação ganha vida na relação entre fenomenologia e metafísica, que é um dos pilares da filosofia francesa contemporânea. Se, neste contexto, parece haver o acordo de que o metafísico é o originário, procuramos investigar o seu lugar e a sua proveniência. Essa dissertação toma um dos aspectos sobre os quais se desenvolveu aquela relação, e que caracteriza, ao mesmo tempo, uma novidade da filosofia contemporânea, a saber, a preocupação com a linguagem e com a escritura. Quando o discurso fenomenológico desvelou o que o negava, o Ser, quando ele neutralizou-se nessa incapacidade de expressão, ele trouxe o metafísico para o discurso, que precisava ser, doravante, sempre originário. O que caracteriza o metafísico no discurso é, pois, uma coesão racional e sem conceito, isto é, a ausência das categorias abstratas e objetivas e das significações puras dadas a priori por um pensamento anterior à linguagem. Com esse remanejamento do metafísico para a linguagem, tomando-a como tema filosófico, voltamos às origens e à inauguração da filosofia. Restavanos analisar esse ultrapassamento da fenomenologia através do retorno ao fenômeno da linguagem, o que significou reencontrarmos a filosofia depois da fenomenologia. Reencontro que foi a narrativa de um começo. Ao longo desse caminho de volta foi se nos desvelando a importância da linguagem para o projeto ontológico de Merleau-Ponty, sobretudo, nos momentos iniciais de uma Fenomenologia da Percepção em que ela não estava no centro das análises, em que não se falou dela. Esse silêncio foi-nos revelador.
Giuliani-Tagmann, Regula. "Sprache und Erfahrung in den Schriften von Maurice Merleau-Ponty /." Bern ; Frankfurt-a.-M : P. Lang, 1985. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb34815944t.
Full textWatanabe, Yoshitaka. "La Problématique du corps et du langage chez Merleau-Ponty traduction, altérité, transgression /." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37619207q.
Full textFontaine, Philippe. "Chair et corps dans la philosophie de Maurice Merleau-Ponty." Rouen, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991ROUEL130.
Full textThe present study intends to show the originality and the thematic evolution of Maurice Merleau-Ponty's philosophy of body through a systematic comparison with Husserl's views on the topic. Indeed Merleau-Ponty's early writings revealed the influence of the reflexive ideal of Husserl's phenomenology, but he later tended more and more towards an ontology of the flesh. This study argues that this move effected a revolution in phenomenology as a whole : no longer designating the body in the narrow sense of the term, the flesh is outside the subject-object dualism and comes to mean en "element" of being, which extends the notion of flesh to the entire perceptible world. This new conception leads to a new analysis of phenomenality, as well as of meaning and ideality in general
Essenburg, Aline Sabbi. "A noção de obra de arte em Maurice Merleau-Ponty." Florianópolis, SC, 2004. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/88031.
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O que levou Merleau-Ponty a mudar sua linha de pesquisa para saber do mundo perceptivo. Este novo caminho nos faz entender o ponto de ligação entre o mundo da percepção e a cultura. Primeiro tenta mostrar que devemos levar em conta a nossa inserção corporal no mundo para podermos perceber as coisas a nossa volta. Nos textos tardios pensa sobre a natureza desta inserção corporal, reconhecendo, na espontaneidade de nossa inserção mundana, a mesma estrutura espontânea que caracteriza a nossa vivência do tempo. A questão agora seria pensar não o que é a espontaneidade do mundo ou a espontaneidade do sujeito, mas como, junto às construções da cultura, algo de espontâneo pode se exprimir. Neste caminho é a arte que ensina a Merleau-Ponty como interrogar a espontaneidade do mundo da percepção, levando-nos à uma noção de obra de arte.
Chung, Kim Chee-Eun. "Être de la chair et expression chez Maurice Merleau-Ponty." Dijon, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006DIJOL005.
Full textThe objet of this work is to verify that the sense originates in the sensible and in the logos of sensible, in Merleau-Ponty. To come to this conclusion, this work retraces Merleau-Ponty's course from the study of behavior to the theory of flesh, passing by the conception of art. Through the study of one's own body, both live and creative, that brings the world in its expressions, Merleau-Ponty discovers the dynamic logic of the sensible world according to which the sense, first appeared as a singularity, opens up to generality. The ambiguity of the body-subject in perception, that is the link between transcendence and immanence, disappears in the phenomenon of expression. Starting from the expression itself, Merleau-Ponty rehabilitates the sensible by undertaking the ontology of flesh. Corroborating with the structure of the being as flesh, the essence of the sense resides in its becoming. The sense is got as a fluid and, is consequently found in some dimension of communicability
Park, Shin-Hwa. "Expérience et expression chez Merleau-Ponty." Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010605.
Full textViloteau, Jean-Jacques. "Expression et signification chez Merleau-Ponty." Paris 10, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA100003.
Full textThe expression either aesthetic or verbal proceeds from the total body. This one uses symbols in order to find an equivalent of the form (Gestalt) which is on the way in its experience of the world. This capability of the body of capturing or expressing forms and meanings results first from its ability to articulate its experiences into equivalences systems. On the other hand, it enables to open new experience ranges and to transcend, by exceeding them on the spot, the previous meaning level. In the phenomenon of original perception appear not only a communication of the senses, the sensations representing the ones for the other ones but, also, specific meanings which are either motor, or physiognomic, or existential … and irreducible to the concepts of the intellectual thought. The speaking comes from the sensori-motor experience: it’s a linguistic gesture. We can retrieve in it the adhesion, which is inherent to the motor gesture, on one hand between the symbols and their meanings and, on the other hand, between the thought and the speech act. The language is not only a code of arbitrary signs: it does have an inside. It’s also a being which challenges the objective approaches and the ranking endeavours: with them, the language reaches its blind point. In the network world-language-mankind, latent senses are operating without the knowledge of the human beings whose activity participates to their clarification. Each of these senses proceeds from a foundation (Stiftung) and moves to its fulfilment: it’s the Being itself which thus becomes actual. In its mission of clarification, philosophy has to reveal the original senses on which is based our apprehension of the world
Delcò, Alessandro. "Merleau-Ponty et l'expérience de la création." Paris 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA010504.
Full textPastre, Jose Luiz 1963. "Expressão e coexistencia : alguns signos em Merleau-Ponty." [s.n.], 2002. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/253456.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação
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Mestrado
Archard, David. "Marxism and existentialism : the political philosophy of Sartre and Merleau-Ponty /." Aldershot (GB) ; Brookfield (Vt.) : Gregg revivals, 1992. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37478407x.
Full textCarron, Guillaume. "La désillusion créatrice : Merleau-Ponty et l'expérience du réel." Lyon 3, 2010. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/out/theses/2010_out_carron_g.pdf.
Full textThe thesis focuses on the notion of " real " in Merleau-Ponty's philosophy. It shows how the evolution of his thought enables to understand in a new way the enigma embodied by the word "real". The real is neither a given nature nor a transcendantal form but a dimension of experience. To analyse this dimension requires a structural approach. After having reconsidered the enigma of the real and shown the necessity of thinking the real in relation to the imaginary, we suggest a new approach of the real through the study of the reversible structure. Finally we define the expérience of the real as a " creative disillusion "
Slock, Ken. "Maurice Merleau-Ponty et Jean Epstein. La science secrète du cinéma." Thesis, Paris 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA030165.
Full textThis thesis attempts to initiate a dialogue between Maurice Merleau-Ponty’s philosophy and the theoretical works of director Jean Epstein. Situated at the porous borders of phenomenology and visualstudies, it underlines the depth offered by Merleau-Ponty’s approach. It gives a specific attention to the newleads opened by the preparatory notes to his lessons « Le monde sensible et le monde de l’expression »(1953), published in 2011. This research adopts a reflexive and interrogative perspective towards thephenomenological « posture ». The first part insists on the importance of the ambiguous attitude of Merleau-Ponty’s phenomenology towards verbal language, and on the difficulties it encounters to conceive itself as alinguistic fact. This ambiguity gives its roots to a virtual « need » for images, but also to several« resistances » against the active participation of cinema in the constitution of knowledge. The second andthird part of the research directly instigate the confrontation with Jean Epstein’s thinking. They focus respectively on the notion of « reversibility », both as concept and as a cinematographic effect; then on thenotion of cinema as an artificial, autonomous and expressive form of thought. By tracing the evolution of the« cinematic speech » in Epstein’s works, several problematics appear to be shared with Merleau-Ponty’sontology of Flesh. The fourth and last part of the thesis presents a series of critical propositions based on the concepts emanating from the moving picture. In the end, this research suggest the possibility to practice a« cinematic » philosophy within the internal crisis of Merleau-Ponty’s conceptual structure
Ribeiro, Mônica Laura Unicki. "A pintura na primeira fase da obra de Maurice Merleau-Ponty." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFPR, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1884/34586.
Full textŠubonytė, Jurgita. "Kūno reikšmė intersubjektyviuose santykiuose (Jeanas-Paulis Sartre'as ir Maurice Merleau-Ponty)." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2008. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2008~D_20080804_113227-42163.
Full textJeane-Paulio Sartre and Maurice Merleau-Ponty certainly belong to the tradition of phenomenology. This thesis analyses the problem of body in the context of intersubjective relations as presented by Jeane-Paulio Sartre and Maurice Merleau-Ponty. The aim of the thesis is to clarify Jeane-Paulio Sartre’s and Maurice Merleau-Ponty’s notions of phenomenological body. Body cannot be separated from intersubjective relations because, first of all, I encounter the Other as the body standing in front of me. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the phenomenon of gaze. During the analysis of gaze, Jeane-Paulio Sartre does not emphasise the notion of how I perceive Other in the process of gaze. He rather pays attention to the notion how Other, while looking at me, states my being and perceives me as an object of his gaze. Gaze is understood by Jeane-Paulio Sartre as aggressive and directed towards the Other. Maurice Merleau-Ponty perceives the phenomenon of gaze as a collaboration of two subjects; the Other is not perceived as a completely opposed to me being. While talking about intersubjective relations, it should be noted that body is perceived as an underlying concept. Intersubjective relations are, first of all, a confrontation of two bodies. That is why the phenomenon of human body is revealed in the context of intersubjective relations. Body is perceived as an underlying mode of being. Body is expressive, powerful and lived. Besides, body is perceived as the initial... [to full text]
Simonova, Jelena. "Language and speech in the phenomenological philosophy of Maurice Merleau-Ponty." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2011. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2011~D_20110204_101755-16579.
Full textDisertacijoje apmąstoma kalbos ir kalbėjimo dichotomija. Ferdinando de Saussure’o įvesta ir Merleau-Ponty interpretuota bei vaisingai išplėtota perskyra analizuojama todėl, kad individualus kalbėjimas, pasitelkus fenomenologinę perspektyvą, atsiskleidžia kaip gyvas ir intencionalus, – šiuo požiūriu jis įgyja pranašumų kalbos, kaip uždaros ženklų sistemos, atžvilgiu. Kalbėjimo reikšmės diakritiškumo problema darbe artikuliuojama, turint omenyje, kad juslinis suvokimas yra diakritinis. Dar daugiau, juslinis suvokimas pirmapradiškai yra išraiškingas ir visada koreliuoja su gyvenamo kūno ekspresyvumu, todėl Merleau-Ponty filosofijoje semantika yra įkūnyta semantika. Disertacijos autorei pritariant Merleau-Ponty įžvalgai, postuluojama, jog tapyba, literatūra bei filosofija taip pat yra kalbėjimo formos, kurių šaltinis inkrustuotas žmogaus kūniškume. Pratęsdamos gestą ir būdamos apspręstos prigimtinio žmogaus troškimo išreikšti ir pasakyti kažką vis naujai, jos išreiškia pirmapradį žmogaus patiriamą santykį su pasauliu bei liudija kalbinės žmogaus veiklos kreatyvumą. Formuluojant šio tyrimo objektą, tikslinga išskirti ir paties Merleau-Ponty filosofavimo stilių bei ypatingą, analogo neturinčią kalbėjimo manierą. Ji išlaisvina bei pagrindžia kiekvieno žmogaus giliai asmeninio santykio su jo paties kalbėjimu galimybę ir atveria kelią naujai filosofavimo tendencijai, kuri numano žmogiškojo aš savęs bei jo prasmingo pasaulio ap-klausimą. Taigi, sekdama filosofo pavyzdžiu bei... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
Yahata, Keiichi. "La problématique de l'expression dans la philosophie de Maurice Merleau-Ponty." Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00830298.
Full textMansilla, Torres Katherine Ivonee. "Expresión y contingencia en el pensamiento político de Maurice Merleau-Ponty." Doctoral thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12404/14256.
Full textTesis
Kondo, Taketoshi. "Problème de la vérité dans la philosophie de Maurice Merleau-Ponty." Paris 10, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA100175.
Full textHirose, Kōjirō. "Problématique de l'institution dans la dernière philosophie de Maurice Merleau-Ponty." Paris 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA010693.
Full textThis thesis hopes to be a contribution to the understanding of the later philosophy of maurice merleau-ponty, concentrated on the notion of institution. First, we try to define the field of interrogation our problem provides, to search for the notion of institution in statu nascendi, given in the philosopher's two earliest works. Secondly, the descriptions of four orders of symbolical institution (animality and life; artistic style; langue; social system), which we try to reconstitute with unpublished manuscripts, reveal the motivations of radicalization of merleau-ponty's phenomenology. Finally our question presents itself in the lateste work as a project of institution of the philosophy itself. This project have its historical meaning, proposing to bring out the fertile moments in the history of philosophy, so as to iron out difficulties of today's ontology
Hubeny, Alexandre. "Le sens de l'histoire dans la philosophie de Maurice Merleau-Ponty." Paris, EPHE, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004EPHE5057.
Full textYahata, Keiichi. "La problématique de l’expression dans la philosophie de Maurice Merleau-Ponty." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TOU20085/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we intend to reread the philosophical texts of Maurice Merleau-Ponty, emphasizing the importance of the issue of ‘‘expression’’ in his philosophy. The main aim of this research is therefore to characterize his thought – particularly during the 1940s and 1950s – as ‘‘philosophy of expression’’. In other words, we attempt to show that his philosophical reflection during the 1940s and 50s – developed particularly in the Phenomenology of perception and The prose of the world – is deeply (but often implicitly) marked by the notion of ‘‘expression’’.Our research has two main contributions : firstly, we define the notion of expression as an act of ‘‘auto-realization’’. In Merleau-Ponty’s philosophy, ‘‘expression’’ does not mean the ‘‘translation of a clearly defined thought’’, but it refers to a very specific act through which the thought realizes itself for the first time.Secondly, we comprehensively investigate The prose of the world, an unfinished work published posthumously and in which the issue of ‘‘expression’’ appears more clearly than in any other texts. This text epitomises a fertile period in the work of Merleau-Ponty, between his ‘‘existential’’ and ‘‘ontological’’ periods. However, probably due to its unfinished and disorganized character, The prose of the world has to date received little critical attention. Our study is therefore the first attempt to cover the various issues raised by this work in its totality
Zanfra, Beatriz Viana de Araujo [UNIFESP]. "Liberdade e temporalidade na fenomenologia da percepção de Maurice Merleau-Ponty." Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2014. http://repositorio.unifesp.br/handle/11600/39250.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Na obra A estrutura do comportamento, de 1942, Maurice Merleau-Ponty, por meio da noção de estrutura, combate o naturalismo e o intelectualismo, mostrando que o corpo não é um agregado de músculos e de nervos que opera de acordo com a causalidade mecânica e funcional e que a consciência reflexiva não é a única forma da consciência e nem sua primeira manifestação, mas sim dependente da consciência perceptiva e indiscernível do corpo como princípio estruturante. Nesse sentido, no capítulo destinado à questão das relações da alma e do corpo, Merleau-Ponty mostra que todos os problemas a esse respeito se reduzem ao problema da percepção, entendida como "o ato que nos faz conhecer existências" e vê a necessidade da filosofia transcendental ser redefinida a fim de integrar nela o fenômeno do real, sendo tal filosofia a fenomenologia, com a investigação da percepção desempenhando um papel fundamental nela. Em Fenomenologia da Percepção, de 1945, Merleau-Ponty retoma o problema das relações da alma e do corpo abordado no livro anterior, mostrando que a temporalidade resolve tal problema, pois a ideia de subjetividade como temporalidade nos permite ver que o para-si, a revelação de si a si, é o vazio no qual o tempo se faz, e o mundo "em si", que é o horizonte de nosso presente, fazem o problema redundar em saber como um ser que é porvir e passado tenha também um presente, o que acaba suprimindo o problema, já que o porvir, o passado e o presente estão ligados no movimento de temporalização. Sendo assim, a solução de todos os problemas de transcendência se encontra na espessura do presente pré-objetivo, onde encontramos, entre outras coisas, o fundamento de nossa liberdade.
On the work The structure of behavior (1942) Maurice Merleau-Ponty, through the notion of structure, combats naturalism and intellectualism, showing that the body is not an aggregate of muscles and nerves that operates according to mechanical and functional causalities and showing that the reflective consciousness is not the only form of consciousness and is not its first manifestation, but dependent on perceptual consciousness and indiscernible of body as a structuring principle. Accordingly, on the chapter dedicated to the question of the relation between soul and body, Merleau-Ponty shows that all problems in this regard are reduced to the problem of perception, which is understood as "the act that makes us know existences" and sees the need for transcendental philosophy be redefined in order to integrate the phenomenon of reality. This philosophy is the phenomenology, with the research of perception playing a key role in it. On Phenomenology of Perception (1945) Merleau-Ponty takes up the question of the relation between soul and body covered in the previous book, showing that the temporality solves this problem because the idea of subjectivity as temporality allows us to see that the for-itself, the revelation of self to self, is the emptiness in which time is done, and the world "in itself", which is the horizon of our present, make the problem redound to know how a being that is future and past has also a present, eliminating the problem, because the future, the past and the present are linked in the movement of temporalization. Thus, the solution of all problems of transcendence is in the thickness of the pre-objective present, where we can find, among other things, the foundation of our liberty.
Frangi, Simone. "La matrice morphologique de la pensée esthétique de Maurice Merleau-Ponty." Thesis, Dijon, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011DIJOL008.
Full textThe aim of this project is to provide an alternative reading of Merleau-Ponty’s aesthetics by discovering its morphological matrix and its debts towards the Goethean tradition and towards its developments in the field of art theory and the philosophy of nature. The dissertation is divided into three chapters, each of which seeks to focus on different aspects of the morphological roots of phenomenological aesthetics, in order to follow its developments in the Merleau-Ponty’s production. The first chapter is an attempt to relate morphological method and phenomenological method by evaluating the similarity of their aesthetological contents. This initial chapter is organized around three key concepts of morphology, through which it operates a first screening of merleaupontian philosophy, from its beginnings in the Forties up to its ontological outcomes during the Fifties and the Sixties: the ambiguity of Goethe's notion of form allows us to reconstruct the genesis of the philosophy of form in Merleau-Ponty’s Structure of Behavior and Phenomenology of Perception; the related concept of symbol helps us to realte Merleau-Ponty’s notions of idée sensible and symbolic matrix to Goethe’s Urphänomen; the transversal category of style is configured as a tool for investigation of the morphological issues in the aesthetic thought of the merleaupontian "new ontology". In this chapter we also demonstrate the crucial importance of constant confrontation of Merleau-Ponty with artistic experiences (such as Cézanne, Klee, Rodin, Bazaine and the Ecole de Paris), convened by the philosopher in support of his aesthetological theories. The chapter ends with a brief appendix on the question of the scientific foundation of aesthetics, developed through a comparison between Merleau-Ponty and Konrad Fiedler. This appendix opens simultaneously the search field of the second chapter: in fact, considering the contributions to the aesthetics provided by psychology and physiology of perception, the dissertation goes into the analysis of the role of the Gestalttheorie in Merleau-Ponty’s morphological debt. The second chapter follows the evolution of a theoretical passage in Merleau-Ponty’s production of the Fifties - from a philosophy of form to a philosophy of expression – ending up in the reconstruction of what seems to be a complete aesthetic of expression and of movement. This part of the research project is based on the deep analysis of an unpublished document (Le monde sensible et le monde de l'expression) - currently preserved at the Bibliothèque National de France - corresponding to the lectures given by Merleau-Ponty in the biennium 1952-1953 at the Collège de France. The work of analysis of the document was to assess, in addition to already confirmed inherences of Merleau-Ponty’s aesthetics to Gestalt psychology (Köhler, Koffka, Wertheimer, Guillaume), another crucial theoretical comparison of those years, the one with Viktor von Weizsäcker on the relations between perception and movement. The chapter closes with an appendix which tries to pick up the threads of the contributions to aesthetics theories that Merleau-Ponty develops within his philosophy of nature; this appendix embodies the attempt to read Merleau-Ponty’s aesthetics in terms of philosophy of morphogenesis and productivity The third chapter concentrates on the late ontological phase of Merleau-Ponty’s production - corresponding to the years between 1958 and 1961 - abruptly interrupted by his early death. Central, in this third chapter, is the reconstruction of the fate of the concept of Gestalt in the framework of the text The visible and the invisible, that is structured within the newly formed ontology of the flesh and on the background of a completely reformed philosophical landscape. The central paragraph of this chapter concentrate, through a comparison with two authors closely related to Merleau-Ponty - etc
Di, Fazio Caterina. "Phénoménologie de l'espace politique : chez Maurice Merleau-Ponty et Jean Patocka." Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01H202/document.
Full textPhenomenology of Political Space is an attempt to provide both a genealogical and a phenomenological account of a subject that philosophy rarely confronts, namely political space. Our analysis thus encompasses all the dimensions of political space - political, historical, geographical, and juridical - without dismissing any of them. It aims at showing the intrinsic connection between phenomenology and modern and contemporary political thought. It does so by identifying the two opposing models of political space, respectively shaped by Machiavelli and Hobbes, which we claim correspond to two opposing systems of visibility: a logic of appearance versus a logic of representation. It then moves to the contemporary phenomenological approach and gives both a phenomenology of movement and a phenomenology of political space. The central idea is the opposition, in modern and contemporary political thought, between appearance and representation, or in other words, between immediacy and mediation, as the terms are used respectively by Machiavelli and Hobbes, as well as by other authors who, in the twentieth century, studied their works (Maurice Merleau-Ponty, Jan Patočka, Carl Schmitt). Our current research focuses on both their conceptions of movement, desire and fear; and on their interpretation of political space
Noble, Stephen Andrew. "Silence et langage : sur la phénoménologie de Merleau-Ponty, suivi d'une présentation de textes inédits de et sur Merleau-Ponty." Paris 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA010681.
Full textFurlan, Annie Simões Rozestraten. "O metafísico no olhar: a pintura na filosofia de Merleau-Ponty." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/59/59137/tde-30072007-140242/.
Full textThe aim of this study is the research of the problem of painting in the philosophy of Merleau Ponty. Originally enrolled in the frames of an existencialistic philosophy, aferwards it was put with more prominence, in the frame of an ontology.The problem of art, especially of painting, arises as a privileged way of research of our more deaf and secret relations with Being, or wich that what Merleau Ponnty nominated the pre-reflexive layer of the sense of the world, previous to the thesis of our language. This is so because the activity of painting reveals the means of visibility that our daily look leaves behind and forgets privileging the cultural constructed world. In other words, we live in a world that forgets its premisses, and the task of the painter, especially of Cézanne, is to recover the contact of the look on this unhabitual world. In this original relation of the body with the world we may emphasize, in the work of Merleau Ponty, a new concept of depth, that is not only of space, but of the body, and also of the things. Merleau Ponty pointed to this notion in his essays about arts, trying to question again the artist?s activity as an activity that reveals the implication between the perceived world and the bodyness. He perceived in the depth the implication of the revertibility of the body: the visibility which opens itself to the beholder is also that of his visual body, which is at the same time beholder and visible object, sensing and sensible. The author states that once this intercrossing is given, all the problems of painting are here placed in the same way. In being so, the painting reveals the enigma of the body itself. My look realizes itself in the things and grasps me at the same moment in my look unfolded in front of myself, this interlinking makes possible a secret visibility or a carnal double. The philosophe develops the term \"flesh\" to denominate this \"between\" the beholder and the visible, opening one to the other, giving passage from one to the other, which defines our access to Being. We will deal with some questions: What is the activity of the artist between the perceived world and the expressive act, other then a coherence with the visibility that it causes and, therefore, what harm does come from the spectacle of the world? How the painter and the poet would express other things than their meeting with the world? And in this meeting what they are looking for other than a more true relation, without being a truth which is similar to the world, but coherent in their meeting, this is, capable to express the invisible that cheers up the relation of the gaze with the visibility or of the feeling with the realityIn this movement of thoughts, which emphasizes initially a new idea of Reason and of Truth by means of the activity of looking, one arrives, finally to the notion of desire or of the libidinal body. To perceive is to desire, a movement graved in the opening of sensitive Being, that inaugurates the exchanges between the body and the things, in whicht he looking or the visibility is a privileged element.
Robert, Franck. "Phénoménologie et ontologie : Merleau-Ponty lecteur de Husserl et Heidegger /." Paris ; Budapest ; Torino : l'Harmattan, 2005. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39986398n.
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