Journal articles on the topic 'Mature stage organizations'
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Liu, Yan Fang, Miao Du, and Yong Jiu Yuan. "Study on Knowledge Integration Contents and Process in Organization Based Knowledge Innovation." Advanced Materials Research 694-697 (May 2013): 2581–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.694-697.2581.
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Knowledge integration played a major and centre role in the process of organizations knowledge innovation. Study on the knowledge integration contents and process in organization has important significance. There are four contents of knowledge integration in organization knowledge innovation: knowledge integration between different knowledge main bodies; different knowledge levels; the new and original knowledge system; personal study, team study and organization study. The paper discussed the process of knowledge integration toward organization knowledge innovation based on lify-cycle theory and divided the process into four stages: embryonic stage, development stage, mature stage and diffusion stage. The paper analyzed the knowledge value in different life cycle stages and the result indicates that the knowledge in mature stage is the most valuable.
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Hughes, John F., Holly E. Osen, and Carl J. Fritzsche. "Maintaining (and Improving) Emergency Response Preparedness in an Incident-Free Environment." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1999, no. 1 (March 1, 1999): 629–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1999-1-629.
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ABSTRACT In the OPA 90 era, companies have developed large and capable response organizations able to respond to major spills anywhere in the world. During the formative years of such organizations it was relatively easy to maintain focus on their important missions of response planning, resource acquisition and training. As these organizations reach a more mature stage it is increasingly difficult to maintain such a focus, especially in the absence of major incidents. Nearly 10 years after OPA 90, organizations are at or approaching this mature state and most have not had to respond to a major incident. This paper discusses the challenges presented in maintaining and improving emergency response preparedness during incident-free periods. The existing organizational structure and the organization's current environment are used as the starting point for developing solutions. A variety of creative solutions are discussed which involve using quality tools in ongoing programs, broadening the scope of the organization and using response resources in non-traditional roles. Techniques for maintaining management support for response programs, utilizing risk management tools and controlling program costs are also covered. Finally, the importance of maintaining focus on the mission of response, of program integrity and of leadership in response organizations is examined.
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Roundy, Philip T., David A. Harrison, Susanna Khavul, Liliana Pérez-Nordtvedt, and Jeffrey E. McGee. "Entrepreneurial alertness as a pathway to strategic decisions and organizational performance." Strategic Organization 16, no. 2 (February 1, 2017): 192–226. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1476127017693970.
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Entrepreneurial alertness can play a vital role in the identification and creation of opportunities involving early-stage ventures. However, the strategic function of entrepreneurial alertness in more mature organizations has not been explored. In a field study of organizations responding to an environmental disruption, we explore if entrepreneurial alertness influences decisions involving the creation and maintenance of competitive advantage. We find a direct effect of entrepreneurial alertness on strategic change decisions and organizational performance. Moreover, we find a synergistic influence of entrepreneurial alertness and other cognitions, including issue categorization and assessments of uncertainty, on strategic decisions. Findings demonstrate that managerial decision makers can take multiple, reinforcing pathways when heeding change.
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Decaux, Loïc, and Gerrit Sarens. "Implementing combined assurance: insights from multiple case studies." Managerial Auditing Journal 30, no. 1 (January 5, 2015): 56–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/maj-08-2014-1074.
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Purpose – This purpose of this paper is to investigate how to implement a combined assurance program. Design/methodology/approach – This paper uses qualitative data obtained through semi-structured interviews with six multinationals at different stages of combined assurance implementation maturity. Findings – The paper finds that organizations are still learning through combined assurance implementation because no organization seems to have attained a mature combined assurance program. Nevertheless, our descriptive findings reveal that a successful combined assurance implementation follows six important components. Research limitations/implications – One limitation of this study is that, as the organizations studied are at different stages of combined assurance program implementation, data may have comparability issues. Another limitation is that different interviewees were studied from one case to another. Practical implications – The results have implications both for organizations that do not yet have a combined assurance program in place and for those currently at the implementation stage. It has also implications for chief audit executives who are good candidates to lead a combined assurance implementation and for regulators, as the study describes combined assurance as an important accountability mechanism that helps boards and audit committees exercise their oversight role properly. Originality/value – The study is the first to address combined assurance implementation. It complements the study of the Institute of Internal Auditors UK and Ireland (2010), which identifies the reasons for failed attempts to coordinate assurance activities, by illustrating combined assurance implementation through six international case studies of organizations at different combined assurance implementation stages.
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Wang, Hailing, Libiao Bai, Ning Huang, Qiang Du, and Tingting Zhang. "Social Project Culture: A New Project Management Culture to Promote the Sustainable Development of Organizations." Sustainability 11, no. 1 (January 3, 2019): 202. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11010202.
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With economic development and globalization, more organizations have been cooperating with foreign enterprises, which brings not only opportunities but also management difficulties and competitions with organizations. Organizations must improve their management and adapt to changing market conditions and the requirements and needs of its customers to maintain and strengthen its position in the market. Management by Project (MBP) uses technical methods of modern project management (PM) to manage various tasks and activities that are considered as projects. It is an effective way to solve management problems and improve management levels and enterprise competitiveness. However, few small and medium-sized enterprises apply MBP in their operation and management processes. Therefore, this paper presents a new idea to promote the application of MBP and the formation of a PM culture within society. In this paper, we searched a major database using the systematic literature review method and analyzed the articles directly or indirectly linked to our paper to obtain literature supporting the views of this article. First, this paper presents a new kind of management culture from the social aspect, termed as Social Project Culture (SPC), which can promote sustainable development and improve the management level and efficiency of organizations by promoting MBP application across society. Second, by analyzing the SPC definition, its three functions, i.e., project management behavior, management and risk control capacity, and international competitiveness, are provided. Then, to help organizations apply this method, an evolutionary path is proposed, including the creation stage, formative stage, mature stage, and heritage stage. Finally, to ensure the continued optimization of SPC, four safeguard measures in terms of theory, institution, behavior, and ideology are proposed.
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Ramachandran, K., T. P. Devarajan, and Sougata Ray. "Corporate Entrepreneurship: How?" Vikalpa: The Journal for Decision Makers 31, no. 1 (January 2006): 85–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0256090920060107.
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Most organizations find that their ability to identify and innovatively exploit opportunities decreases as they move from the entrepreneurial to the growth phase. However, the key to success in the highly competitive and dynamic environment that most companies presently operate in is to retain this ability. Therefore, companies need to adopt an entrepreneurial strategy — seeking competitive advantage through continuous innovation to effectively exploit identified opportunities — in order to sustain and grow under such circumstances. For such a strategy to succeed, companies should develop an enabling economic and political ecosystem that does not impede small or large scale redeployment of resources in new ways towards creative, entrepreneurial ends. Companies have a range of options to choose from to achieve this objective. At the one end of this option spectrum is ‘focused entrepreneurship’ wherein specific innovation initiatives are created with the rest of the organization insulated from them. At the other end is a managerial approach that leads to the creation of ‘organizationwide entrepreneurship.’ Entrepreneurship in such organizations is a shared value and drives managerial behaviour in conscious and subconscious ways and creates an entrepreneurial spirit organization-wide. Many mature organizations, unwilling to alter the status quo, tend to create focused initiatives that are mandated to identify and exploit new opportunities. While such focused initiatives may stimulate innovation, the very nature of their design erects barriers between the existing organization and the innovation effort. This makes it difficult for the organizations to access and leverage the existing capability base and to integrate new initiatives back into operational activity. Companies intent on developing and preserving entrepreneurship organization-wide, independent of their stage of growth, create an environment in which those who believe in the attractiveness of opportunities feel encouraged to pursue them. The top managements of such companies will design an organizational context conducive to autonomous generation of entrepreneurial initiatives, provide a sense of overall direction to these initiatives, and ensure that promising ventures receive necessary resources as they move through the uncertain development process wherein: money is neither offered nor seen as a primary motivator entrepreneurial contributions are rewarded with recognition and through provision of opportunities to engage in entrepreneurial activities on a bigger scale failure is considered normal and when failure occurs, the focus is on problem solving and learning from it rather than apportioning blame appropriate processes are used to capture knowledge created in the innovation process and routines developed to enable integration of such knowledge to create organizational rents. The contrast between patterns of focused and organization-wide entrepreneurship runs across every element of the organization starting with its mission and covering strategy, structure, systems, processes, and people skills and attitude. Institutionalizing the elements of entrepreneurship is crucial to building a sustaining competitive organization in today's business environment.
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Mousannif, Hajar, Hasna Sabah, Yasmina Douiji, and Younes Oulad Sayad. "Big data projects: just jump right in!" International Journal of Pervasive Computing and Communications 12, no. 2 (June 6, 2016): 260–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijpcc-04-2016-0023.
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Purpose This paper aims to provide a roadmap for organizations to build big data projects and reap the most rewards out of their data. It covers all aspects of big data project implementation, from data collection to final project evaluation. Design/methodology/approach In each stage of the proposed roadmap, we introduce different sets of information and communications technology platforms and tools to assist IT professionals and managers in gaining a comprehensive understanding of the methods and technologies involved and in making the best use of them. The authors also complete the picture by illustrating the process through different real-world big data projects implementations. Findings By adopting the proposed roadmap, companies and organizations willing to establish an effective and rewarding big data solution can tackle all implementation challenges in each stage of their big data project setup: from strategy elaboration to final project evaluation. Their expectations of privacy and security are also baked, in advance, into the big data project design. Originality/value While technologies to build and run big data projects have started to mature and proliferate over the last couple of years, exploiting all potentials of big data is still at a relatively early stage. The value of this paper consists in providing a clear and systematic methodology to move businesses and organizations from an opinion-operated era where humans’ skills are a necessity to a data-driven and smart era where big data analytics plays a major role in discovering unexpected insights in the oceans of data routinely generated or collected.
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Anantamongkolkul, Chidchanok, Ken Butcher, and Ying Wang. "The four stages of on-site behavior for a long-stay relaxation holiday." Journal of Vacation Marketing 23, no. 3 (May 11, 2016): 217–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1356766716647437.
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Previous studies largely treat the on-site travel experience as a single stage of homogenous tourist behavior, despite widespread recognition that tourist behavior is complex and consists of temporal decision processes. In particular, little attention has been given to what changes during the course of the long-stay holiday. The purpose of this exploratory study is to understand changes in tourist behavior, if any, from point of arrival through to the end of a long-stay relaxation holiday. In-depth interviews were conducted with mature-aged international travelers from the United States, Europe, and Australia visiting Phuket, Thailand. The findings illustrate changes that can be characterized, into four distinct stages of on-site behavior, through key activities, uncertainty levels, intercultural interactions, information needs, and sources of information. Important implications for destination marketing organizations are suggested which require innovative strategies to match the changing needs and activities of long-stay tourists at various stages of the holiday.
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Silva, Luciana Santos Costa Vieira da, Fabíola Kaczam, Anderson de Barros Dantas, and Josenilde Mario Janguia. "Startups: a systematic review of literature and future research directions." Revista de Ciências da Administração 23, no. 60 (September 8, 2021): 118–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-8077.2021.e80666.
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The objective of the research is to map the literature based on a Systematic Literature Review on the theme of startups and to highlight some theoretical gaps based on publications of high-reputation scientific journals. The period from 1990 to 2019 was defined for the elaboration of this study. We use the excel spreadsheet, in addition to the HistCite ™, VOSviewer, IRATUMEQ, and R Studio packages. The results show that the typology of the startups evaluated, after reading 68% of the articles, organizations are characterized as a group of new companies, that is, relatively young and inexperienced when compared to the most stable and mature in organizational development. They refer to those that are in the initial stage and are susceptible to the influence of various factors, such as investors, supplier customers, partners, etc., and should think strategically about how to act and, this concerns a group of dynamic startups that work with innovations.
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Islam, Shareeful, Stefan Fenz, Edgar Weippl, and Christos Kalloniatis. "Migration Goals and Risk Management in Cloud Computing." International Journal of Secure Software Engineering 7, no. 3 (July 2016): 44–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsse.2016070103.
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Organizations are now seriously considering adopting cloud into the existing business context, but migrating data, application and services into cloud doesn't come without substantial risks. These risks are the significant barriers for the wider cloud adoption. There are works that consolidate the existing work on cloud migration and technology. However, there is no secondary study that consolidates the state of the art research and existing practice on risk management in cloud computing. It makes difficult to understand the risks management trend, maturity, and research gaps. This paper investigates the state of the art research and practices relating to risk management in cloud computing and discusses survey results on migration goals and risks. The survey participants are practitioners from both public and private organizations of two different locations, i.e., UK and Malaysia. The authors identify and classify the relevant literature and systematically compare the existing works and survey results. The results show that most of the existing works do not consider the existing organization and business context for the risk assessment. The authors' study results also reveal that risk management in cloud computing research and practice is still not in a mature stage but gradually advancing. Finally, they propose a risk assessment approach and determine the relative importance of the migration goals from two real migration use cases.
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Ekwueme, Chizoba, Rosemary Obiageri Obasi, Sadiq Rabiu Abdullahi, Umar Aliyu Mustapha, and Norfadzilah Rashid. "The Influence of Cash Flow Patterns on Random Organizational Development in Nigerian Listed Companies." Research in World Economy 11, no. 3 (June 18, 2020): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/rwe.v11n3p171.
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The objective of this study is to examine whether companies’ life cycle stages follow a random or sequential developmental pattern using their cash flow patterns. That is to ascertain the optimum life cycle stage of Nigerian companies. Data were obtained from the sampled firms annual reports and accounts, which comprises 79 listed companies on the Nigerian Stock Exchange (NSE) from 2009 to 2013 financial years. The cash flow patterns of the firms were thematically analysed as a proxy of developmental patterns, and transition rates between developmental stages were determined. The study reveals that Introduction firms at T0 transited quickly to the Mature stage (70% in T1 through T3), whereas Growth firms developed most rapidly into Shakeout firms (38% at T1). The Mature stage was most stable; 57–65% of firms in this stage at T0 remained so. By contrast, 60% of Decline firms remained in this stage at T1 before transiting to the Mature and Growth stages at T3 and then ultimately fading away at T4, leaving only the Introduction (20%) and Decline (20%) stages. Thus, the development of firms from one life cycle stage to another is random and not sequential. The study, therefore, recommends that Nigerian companies experience their optimum life cycle stage at the matured stage and firms should employ the use of cash flow patterns to identify their business life cycle stage as this will enable companies to apply strategies to sustain themselves at a target stage of the life cycle.
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Lin, Nan. "Capitalism in China: A Centrally Managed Capitalism (CMC) and Its Future." Management and Organization Review 7, no. 1 (March 2011): 63–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-8784.2010.00203.x.
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While China continues to develop capitalistic capacities, the party-state has increasingly tightened control of the economy and synchronized political and economic stratification – a tendency towards acentrally managed capitalism. Under centrally managed capitalism, the party-state commands the economy by controlling personnel, organizations, and capital in both political and economic arenas. At the same time, it delegates fiscal and administrative authorities to multiple and diversely formed corporations to compete in the marketplace. I further speculate on future ideological alternatives: a western-style democracy, a mature-stage socialism, or an enlightened authoritarianism –Xiaokang(小康 moderate prosperity or well-off society). After eliminating or casting doubt on the former two, I argue that a two-step transformation towardsXiaokangis under way. In the first step, the party-state leadership gradually decouples its position from Marxist ideology of communism and socialism, and moves towards the maintenance of economic growth and social order. The second step then allows the legitimacy of party rule to be based on indigenous Confucian ideology that emphasizes enlightened leaders, moral institutions, and social relations (i.e.,Xiaokang). Finally, I explore the feasibility and paths towards an indigenous ideology of democracy (Datong: 大同 – universal harmony).
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Huang, Lin Jun. "Development of Environmental Regulation in Energy Industry of China a Comparative Perspective." Applied Mechanics and Materials 291-294 (February 2013): 1271–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.291-294.1271.
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Health, Safety and Environment (HSE) regulation related to the natural gas industry in China is reviewed with a focus on environmental regulation. The review provides insight into the regulation, standards and management practice adopted, and it identifies trends and needs for improvement in China. The research finds that China is actively improving its HSE regulation system by revising laws and standards, and entitling regulatory organizations with new functions; at the same time, more companies in China are aware of the importance of HSE management and accreditation. At the current stage, the legal systems in China are effective in terms of improving awareness of and investment in HSE management. However, there is a long way to go before effective HSE management system implementation and mature HSE culture in place. From the experience of HSE legislation and management in Australia, we find that HSE culture and implementation are essential to the healthy development of the gas industry. We conclude that HSE regulation and management would benefit greatly from guidance on how to form HSE management system and cultivate sustainability culture, as well as from the further development of feasible performance measures.
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Stelzl, Katharina, Maximilian Röglinger, and Katrin Wyrtki. "Building an ambidextrous organization: a maturity model for organizational ambidexterity." Business Research 13, no. 3 (June 2, 2020): 1203–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40685-020-00117-x.
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AbstractOrganizational ambidexterity (OA) is an essential capability for organizations in turbulent environments, as it facilitates the simultaneous pursuit of exploitation and exploration. Over the last years, knowledge on OA has continuously matured, covering outcomes, moderators, and types of OA. However, little is known about how to build an ambidextrous organization in terms of what capabilities are needed and how they can be developed. To address this gap, we developed an organizational ambidexterity maturity model (OAMM) that assists organizations in becoming ambidextrous based on actionable practices (APs) structured according to five capability areas. In developing the OAMM, we conducted a structured literature review to compile APs and used card sorting to assign APs to maturity stages. We evaluated the OAMM based on literature-backed design objectives and discussions with practitioners. We also conducted an initial empirical validation of the APs’ assignment to maturity stages. The OAMM extends the descriptive and prescriptive knowledge on OA by taking a holistic view on OA, by shedding light on the interrelation of different OA types, and by enabling the assessment of an organization’s as-is and to-be OA maturity based on implemented APs.
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Wingfield, John C. "Organization of vertebrate annual cycles: implications for control mechanisms." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 363, no. 1490 (July 18, 2007): 425–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2007.2149.
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The majority of vertebrates have a life span of greater than one year. Therefore individuals must be able to adapt to the annual cycle of changing conditions by adjusting morphology, physiology and behaviour. Phenotypic flexibility, in which an individual switches from one life history stage to another, is one way to maximize fitness in a changing environment. When environmental variation is low, few life history stages are needed. If environmental variation is large, there are more life history stages. Each life history stage has a characteristic set of sub-stages that can be expressed in various combinations and patterns to determine state at any point in the life of the individual. Thus individuals have a finite number of states that can be expressed over the spectrum of environmental conditions in their life spans. Life history stages have three phases–development, mature capability (when characteristic sub-stages can be expressed) and termination. Expression of a stage is time dependent (probably a minimum of one month), and termination of one stage overlaps development of the next stage. It follows that the more life history stages an individual expresses, the less flexibility it will have in timing those stages. Having fewer life history stages increases flexibility in timing, but less tolerance of variation in environmental conditions. To varying degrees it is possible to overlap mature capability of some life history stages to effectively reduce ‘finite stage diversity’ and maximize flexibility in timing. Theoretical ways by which this can be done, and the implications for neuroendocrine and endocrine control mechanisms are discussed. Twelve testable hypotheses are posed that relate directly to control mechanisms.
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Gotteiner, Sharon, Marta Mas-Machuca, and Frederic Marimon. "Fighting organizational decline: a risk-based approach to organizational anti-aging." Management Research Review 42, no. 11 (November 18, 2019): 1259–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mrr-09-2018-0367.
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Purpose Most mature organizations face a major decline in performance at some time during their existence. For more than three decades, it has been suggested that the management practices that could cure a troubled company could have also kept it well. Inspired by this concept, this paper is proposing a preventive approach to early implementation of turnaround strategies as an alternative for otherwise traumatic rescue efforts, further along the downward spiral. Design/methodology/approach Corporate turnaround strategies and associated risks are integrated with a risk-based approach, along with a proactive decision-making process. The link between turnaround research, resource-based view, the sources of organizational decline, and the governance of organizational-decline-related risks – is explained. Findings The integrated model streamlines a preventive organizational process for considering the suitability of commonly used turnaround practices – for the non-crisis business routine of a mature company. By considering and adjusting the risks associated with such practices, it addresses risk aversion at the early stages of decline and determines the optimal sequence and timing of retrenchment and recovery activities. As such, it encourages mature companies to take actions for reducing their exposure to organizational decline. Accordingly, the model is named the “Anti-Aging” framework. Research limitations/implications Empirical testing of the suitability of turnaround strategies for non-crisis situations is proposed as a direction for future research. Practical implications The Anti-Aging framework opens an opportunity for the senior management of a mature organization to respond earlier to organizational decline and avoid the trauma associated with otherwise more challenging conditions, for the benefit of all stakeholders. Originality/value The Anti-Aging framework proposes an innovative way of bridging the gap between the benefits of early implementation of turnaround strategies, and major obstacles faced by willing, traditional management teams of mature organizations.
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Zhang, Yang, Weimin Zhang, Huiyi Yang, Wenliang Zhou, Chaoqun Hu, and Lihong Zhang. "Two cytochrome P450 aromatase genes in the hermaphrodite ricefield eel Monopterus albus: mRNA expression during ovarian development and sex change." Journal of Endocrinology 199, no. 2 (August 26, 2008): 317–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe-08-0303.
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Previously, the ricefield eel (Monopterus albus) was speculated to have only one cytochrome p450 aromatase gene. In this study, however, the cDNAs encoding two distinct cytochrome p450 aromatases, cyp19a1a and cyp19a1b, were isolated. The genomic organizations of both cyp19 genes were conserved when compared with other teleosts. Northern blot detected an abundant expression of cyp19a1a in the ovary, and cyp19a1b in the hypothalamus. RT-PCR coupled with Southern blot showed that cyp19a1a was expressed predominantly in the gonads of both sexes, with higher levels in the ovary than testis, while cyp19a1b was expressed in all the tissues examined in the male, but only in the brain and pituitary in the female. The levels of cyp19a1a mRNA in the ovary were increased significantly during vitellogenesis, but decreased significantly at mature stage. The levels of cyp19a1b mRNA in the brain and pituitary did not vary significantly during vitellogenesis. As ovarian development shifted from vitellogenesis to maturation, the levels of cyp19a1b mRNA was decreased significantly in the brain, but increased significantly in the pituitary. During natural sex change from female to male, the levels of cyp19a1a mRNA in the gonad were significantly decreased. The levels of cyp19a1b mRNA in the hypothalamus were significantly increased at the early intersexual phase, whereas the expression levels in the pituitary were significantly decreased at the intersexual phases. Taken together, these results showed a novel sexual dimorphism of cyp19a1b mRNA tissue distribution, and both CYP19 genes were associated with the ovarian development and natural sex change of the ricefield eel.
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Walsh, Lauren, Hillary Craddock, Kelly Gulley, Kandra Strauss-Riggs, and Kenneth W. Schor. "Building Health Care System Capacity: Training Health Care Professionals in Disaster Preparedness Health Care Coalitions." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 30, no. 2 (February 6, 2015): 123–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x14001460.
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AbstractIntroductionThis study aimed to learn from the experiences of well-established, disaster preparedness-focused health care coalition (HCC) leaders for the purpose of identifying opportunities for improved delivery of disaster-health principles to health professionals involved in HCCs. This report describes current HCC education and training needs, challenges, and promising practices.MethodsA semi-structured interview was conducted with a sample of leaders of nine preparedness-focused HCCs identified through a 3-stage purposive strategy. Transcripts were analyzed qualitatively.ResultsTraining needs included: stakeholder engagement; economic sustainability; communication; coroner and mortuary services; chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, and explosives (CBRNE); mass-casualty incidents; and exercise design. Of these identified training needs, stakeholder engagement, economic sustainability, and exercise design were relevant to leaders within HCCs, as opposed to general HCC membership. Challenges to education and training included a lack of time, little-to-no staff devoted to training, and difficulty getting coalition members to prioritize training. Promising practices to these challenges are also presented.ConclusionsThe success of mature coalitions in improving situational awareness, promoting planning, and enabling staff- and resource-sharing suggest the strengths and opportunities that are inherent within these organizations. However, offering effective education and training opportunities is a challenge in the absence of ubiquitous support, incentives, or requirements among health care professions. Notably, an online resource repository would help reduce the burden on individual coalitions by eliminating the need to continually develop learning opportunities.WalshL, CraddockH, GulleyK, Strauss-RiggsK, SchorKW. Building health care system capacity: training health care professionals in disaster preparedness health care coalitions. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2015;30(2):1-8.
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Harijanto, Agus, Syamsul Maarif, Herien Puspitawati, and Joko Affandi. "Does Liability of Newness Matter for Digital Startup on Early Stage of Organizational Life Cycle?" Asia Pacific Management and Business Application 010, no. 01 (August 31, 2021): 105–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.apmba.2021.010.01.7.
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Waugh, Richard E., Athanassios Mantalaris, Richard G. Bauserman, William C. Hwang, and J. H. David Wu. "Membrane instability in late-stage erythropoiesis." Blood 97, no. 6 (March 15, 2001): 1869–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v97.6.1869.
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During maturation of the red blood cell (RBC) from the nucleated normoblast stage to the mature biconcave discocyte, both the structure and mechanical properties of the cell undergo radical changes. The development of the mechanical stability of the membrane reflects underlying changes in the organization of membrane-associated cytoskeletal proteins, and so provides an assessment of the time course of the development of membrane structural organization. Membrane stability in maturing erythrocytes was assessed by measuring forces required to form thin, tubular, lipid strands (tethers) from the surfaces of mononuclear cells obtained from fresh human marrow samples, marrow reticulocytes, circulating reticulocytes, and mature erythrocytes. Cells were biotinylated and manipulated with a micropipette to form an adhesive contact with a glass microcantilever, which gave a measure of the tethering force. The cell was withdrawn at controlled velocity and aspiration pressure to form a tether from the cell surface. The mean force required to form tethers from marrow reticulocytes and normoblasts was 27 ± 9 pN, compared to 54 ± 14 pN for mature cells. The energy of dissociation of the bilayer from the underlying skeleton increases 4-fold between the marrow reticulocyte stage and the mature cell, demonstrating that the mechanical stability of the membrane is not completely established until the very last stages of RBC maturation.
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ZUBAREV, I. S. "FORECASTING THE FINANCIAL CRISIS BASED ON DIFFERENT MATHEMATICAL MODELS OF ENTERPRISE BANKRUPTCY." EKONOMIKA I UPRAVLENIE: PROBLEMY, RESHENIYA 1, no. 3 (2021): 110–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/ek.up.p.r.2021.03.01.015.
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The author explores the relationship between the age of a company and its financial position in the market by comparing a unique data set of financially unstable and stable small and medium-sized enterprises. The results show that at certain stages of the organization's life activity, determined by age quartiles, various causes of failure prevail. While newly opened organizations mostly fail due to internal weaknesses, mature small and medium-sized enterprises are more likely to be competitive in a way that leads to economic decline.
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George, Amrita, Kurt Schmitz, and Veda C. Storey. "A Framework for Building Mature Business Intelligence and Analytics in Organizations." Journal of Database Management 31, no. 3 (July 2020): 14–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jdm.2020070102.
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As activities are increasingly being digitalized in business and society, organizations have sought ways to effectively and competitively, use data. Business intelligence and analytics (BI&A) systems which support managerial decision-making continue to be developed and used. Given the importance of these systems, it would be useful to have a comprehensive and mature guide to support their development and improvement. This research proposes a BI&A Competitive Advantage Maturity Model to identify the main technical and non-technical dimensions of a system to support business intelligence and analysis. The model is based on work systems theory and related research. It maps descriptive characteristics of its main dimensions across analytic adoption stages of aspirational, experienced, and transformed. The development of the model employed a modified Delphi study technique, design science research, and citation analysis.
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Szajnfarber, Zoe, and Annalisa L. Weigel. "Managing Complex Technology Innovation." International Journal of Space Technology Management and Innovation 2, no. 1 (January 2012): 30–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijstmi.2012010103.
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R&D management practices in engineering organizations typically conceptualize complex product innovation as a Stage-Gate process whereby novel concepts are matured through successions of development stages and progressively winnowed down at each sequential gate. This view assumes that maturity is a monotonically increasing function of the technology, and that the active process of winnowing is administrative decisions. This paper tests those assumptions using detailed evidence from six longitudinal case studies of technology innovation at NASA.
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Alfaro, Diego A., and Michael C. Coniglio. "Discrimination of Mature and Dissipating Severe-Wind-Producing MCSs with Layer-Lifting Indices." Weather and Forecasting 33, no. 1 (December 28, 2017): 3–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/waf-d-17-0088.1.
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Abstract The environmental factors that drive the dissipation of linear severe-wind-producing mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) are investigated. Layer-lifting indices are emphasized, which measure convective instability in forward-propagating MCSs by considering that deep convective latent heating depends on 1) the potential latent heating within the atmospheric column, measured by the integrated CAPE (ICAPE), and 2) the dilution of buoyancy due to midtropospheric inflow, measured by the inflow fraction (IF) of convectively unstable air to total system-relative inflow. These elements are integrated to define the layer-lifting CAPE (CAPEll), which depends on environmental thermodynamics, kinematics, and the MCS’s movement vector. Radar reflectivity plots are used to subjectively identify and classify MCSs in terms of their stage (mature or dissipating) and degree of organization (highly or weakly organized). Nonparametric statistical inferences are performed on several metrics computed at maturity and dissipation from RUC/RAP analysis data, aiming to identify the most skillful indices for diagnosing three different aspects of MCS dissipation: 1) the transition from maturity to dissipation, 2) the stage of an MCS, and 3) the disorganization that characterizes the dissipating stage. In terms of MCS dissipation CAPEll is the best diagnostic. A close approximation to CAPEll is accomplished by estimating an MCS’s movement with Corfidi vectors, providing a potentially useful index in operational settings. ICAPE is the most skillful thermodynamic metric, while IF is the best kinematic discriminator of MCS stage and stage transition, suggesting the fundamental importance of layer-lifting convective instability for MCS maintenance. Layer-lifting indices are not particularly skillful at distinguishing the degree of MCS organization at maturity, which is best diagnosed by deep vertical wind shear.
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TenBrink, Candace, and Betsy Gelb. "When firms mature: keeping the ho-hum at bay and embracing change." Journal of Business Strategy 38, no. 5 (September 18, 2017): 12–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jbs-07-2016-0079.
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Purpose This paper aims to offer a research-based assessment of why mature firms in mature industries may struggle to survive. The basic issues explored are major hurdles to the dynamic path that the contingency theory would predict. Design/methodology/approach By examining dozens of studies through the lens of organizational and industry life cycle theory, the authors investigate how organizational maturity itself thwarts better choices. Findings Environmental shifts in the marketplace, rigid policies, lengthy procedures and internally focused politics often hinder change. Research limitations/implications Limited to examining the work of others, this paper, nevertheless, offers an approach to using the life cycle theory for new insights. Practical implications The results provide practitioners with a roadmap. The authors advise them to prepare early for the maturity stage, possibly bring in external talent, evaluate potential mergers or partnerships and consider building the R&D budget. Social implications Firm failure brings dislocation to a wide array of stakeholders. This paper emphasizes viable growth strategies, given the constraints firms face in maturity. Originality/value This paper deals with survival, integrating both environmental and organizational obstacles. This unique approach offers practitioners a synthesized view of the challenges they face in a mature stage and simultaneously suggests methods for change.
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Kądziołka-Sabanty, Hanna. "Management of Mature Employee Career at Various Stages of Their Professional Activity." Kwartalnik Ekonomistów i Menedżerów 53, no. 3 (October 10, 2019): 131–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.5255.
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In the labor market, we have recently observed many changes concerning the area of demography (aging of the population), shortages of employees. In organizations, more and more often we work in teams diverse in terms of age and cultures. The percentage of employees about to retire is increasing, as well as those who use the opportunity to work while collecting a pension. In the event of problems with recruiting specialists and the occupational potential of employees retiring, an important issue may be the answer to the question: “Whether in the management of employees’ careers should be included in their preparation for professional activity also in the period of retirement or even retirement?”. One of the career definitions treats it as a continuous process, referring not only to professional advancement, but also social one (Penc, 2003).
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Klymkowsky, M. W., L. A. Maynell, and A. G. Polson. "Polar asymmetry in the organization of the cortical cytokeratin system of Xenopus laevis oocytes and embryos." Development 100, no. 3 (July 1, 1987): 543–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.100.3.543.
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We have used whole-mount immunofluorescence microscopy of late-stage Xenopus laevis oocytes and early embryos to examine the organization of their cortical cytokeratin systems. In both mature oocytes and early embryos, there is a distinct animal-vegetal polarity in cytokeratin organization. In mature (stage-VI) oocytes, the cytokeratin filaments of the vegetal region form a unique, almost geodesic network; in the animal region, cytokeratin organization appears much more variable and irregular. In unfertilized, postgerminal vesicle breakdown eggs, the cortical cytokeratin system is disorganized throughout both animal and vegetal hemispheres. After fertilization, cytokeratin organization reappears first in a punctate pattern that is transformed into an array of oriented filaments. These cytokeratin filaments appear first in the vegetal hemisphere and are initially thin. Subsequently, they form bundles that grow thicker through the period of first to second cleavage, at which point large cytokeratin filament bundles form a loose, fishnet-like system that encompasses the vegetal portion of each blastomere. In the animal region, cytokeratin filaments do not appear to form large fibre networks, but rather appear to be organized into a system of fine filaments. The animal-vegetal polarity in cytokeratin organization persists until early blastula (stage 5); in later-stage embryos, both animal and vegetal blastomeres possess qualitatively similar cytokeratin filament systems. The entire process of cytokeratin reorganization in the egg is initiated by prick activation. These observations indicate that the cortical cytoskeleton of Xenopus oocytes and early embryos is both dynamic and asymmetric.
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Chitteti, Brahmananda Reddy, Ying-Hua Cheng, Sonia Rodriguez-Rodriguez, Nadia Carlesso, Melissa Kacena, and Edward Srour. "Hierarchical Organization of Osteoblasts and Their Impact on Hematopoietic Stem Cell Maintenance and Function." Blood 116, no. 21 (November 19, 2010): 1611. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v116.21.1611.1611.
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Abstract Abstract 1611 We have previously demonstrated that 2-day calvariae-derived osteoblasts (OB) can significantly enhance the in vitro proliferation and functional capacity of primitive hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPC) and maintain the marrow repopulating potential of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) thus corroborating the importance of OB in the overall competence of the hematopoietic niche (Chitteti et al, Blood, 2010). While these activities were clearly attributable to OB, the exact definition, both phenotypically and hierarchically, of OB responsible for these functions is yet to be determined. Although some of our data suggested that early stage OB maintained HSC function better than late stage OB, a more precise definition and identification of cells mediating these functions is required for a deeper understanding of the role of OB in sustaining hematopoiesis in the marrow microenvironment. Unlike HSC, the phenotypic definition of different stages of OB development is not fully described and the exact makeup of OB lineage cells responsible for the hematopoiesis enhancing activity is not well characterized. Using flow cytometric cell sorting, we recently began to fractionate calvariae-derived OB to stratify OB lineage cells based on their maturational status and to segregate the hematopoiesis enhancing activity into a phenotypically defined group of cells. Isolated cells were examined by classical OB functional assays (Ca deposition and Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) activity) and by QRT-PCR quantification of OB-specific lineage markers (Runx-2, osteocalcin, and type I collagen) and were assessed for their hematopoiesis enhancing activity in co-cultures with marrow-derived Lin-Sca1+CD117+ (LSK) cells. LSK cells co-cultured with populations of OB cells were examined for cell proliferation, maintenance of primitive phenotype and expansion of clonogenic cells. Given that limited consensus is that OB lineage cells are Lin- (CD45, CD31, and Ter119) and Sca1-, we separated Lin- Sca1- cells based on their expression of ALCAM, CD51, and osteopontin (OPN). Most Lin-Sca1- cells expressed CD51 such that this marker was deemed dispensable in our quest to sub-fractionate osteoblastic cells. While we were able to identify Lin-Sca1-OPN+ALCAM+ as less mature OB in contrast to the more mature Lin-Sca1-OPN+ALCAM- cells, these fractionations did not compartmentalize the hematopoiesis enhancing activity and both groups of cells had comparable OB functional properties and expressed similar levels of Runx-2 and osteocalcin. We next added CD44 and CD90 to the staining panel and were able to identify four distinct groups of cells: Lin-Sca1-OPN+ALCAM-CD44+CD90- (group 1); Lin-Sca1-OPN+ALCAM-CD44+CD90+ (group 2); Lin-Sca1-OPN+ALCAM+ CD44+CD90- (group 3), and Lin-Sca1-OPN+ALCAM+CD44+CD90+ (group 4). As predicted by the expression of ALCAM, groups 1 and 2 produced the highest amounts of Ca and displayed high ALP activity illustrating that these cells are more mature OB. Interestingly, these two groups had a very low level expression of Runx-2 thus confirming their mature status. In contrast, groups 3 and 4 had very low levels of Ca deposition and ALP activity demonstrating that these cells are less mature. Most importantly, cells from group 4 had the highest level of Runx-2 expression suggesting again that these are less mature cells. Cultured cells from groups 3 and 4 gradually lost ALCAM expression with time suggesting that in vitro proliferation of less mature OB produced more mature cells and demonstrating that these markers can be used to identify classes of mature and immature OB. In co-culture experiments, OB belonging to group 4 sustained the proliferation and production of the highest number of primitive hematopoietic cells and clonogenic progenitors. Other hematopoietic studies including in-vivo repopulating potential of LSK progeny from various OB fractions are underway. These studies begin to define the hierarchical organization of osteoblastic cells and provide a more refined definition of OB that can mediate hematopoiesis enhancing activities. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Fayzullin, Alexey, Natalia Ignatieva, Olga Zakharkina, Mark Tokarev, Daniil Mudryak, Yana Khristidis, Maxim Balyasin, et al. "Modeling of Old Scars: Histopathological, Biochemical and Thermal Analysis of the Scar Tissue Maturation." Biology 10, no. 2 (February 9, 2021): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology10020136.
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Mature hypertrophic scars (HSs) remain a challenging clinical problem, particularly due to the absence of biologically relevant experimental models as a standard rabbit ear HS model only reflects an early stage of scarring. The current study aims to adapt this animal model for simulation of mature HS by validating the time of the scar stabilization using qualitative and quantitative criteria. The full-thickness skin and perichondrium excision wounds were created on the ventral side of the rabbit ears. The tissue samples were studied on post-operation days (PODs) 30, 60, 90 and 120. The histopathological examination and morphometry were applied in parallel with biochemical analysis of protein and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) content and amino acid composition. The supramolecular organization of collagen was explored by differential scanning calorimetry. Four stages of the rabbit ear HS maturation were delineated and attributed with the histolomorphometrical and physicochemical parameters of the tissue. The experimental scars formed in 30 days but stabilized structurally and biochemically only on POD 90–120. This evidence-based model can be used for the studies and testing of new treatments of the mature HSs.
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Abdelhay, Mohamed Abdelghany, Ahmed Mahmoud Youssef, and Mohamed Hamdy Awad. "Asymmetric Cost Behavior Across Life Cycle Stages." International Journal of Accounting and Financial Reporting 11, no. 3 (September 3, 2021): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijafr.v11i3.18876.
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The traditional model of cost behavior has been criticized for its symmetric cost behavior assumption. A new model has been proposed assuming that costs respond differently to upward and downward activity changes. The main objectives of this paper are to investigate the existence, degree, and nature of asymmetric cost behavior (ACB) phenomenon and examine how the organization life cycle (OLC) affects this phenomenon in the context of Egypt. The current study achieves these objectives by employing multiple regression to explore the behavior of cost of goods sold (COGS), selling, general and administrative cost (SGA), and total cost (TC) for 1577 firm-year observations (99 manufacturing firms) during the period from 2000 to 2019. The results demonstrate that all three cost proxies (COGS, SGA, and TC) are sticky with the highest degree of stickiness to TC. In addition, OLC is a conditional factor that affects how costs behave in response to change in activity level. Consistent with theoretical propositions, both COGS and TC exhibit anti-stickiness behavior for firms in the introduction stage and stickiness behavior for firms in the growth, mature, and shakeout/decline stages. However, SGA is only sticky for firms in the mature stage. However, the hypotheses related to asymmetric behavior of SGA were rejected for firms in the introduction, growth, and shakeout/decline stages.
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Borysenko, Y. V., and Т. V. Mаmаtоvа. "Approach to maturity assessing of community-based local development network sytem’s." Public administration aspects 5, no. 11 (February 27, 2018): 19–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/15201736.
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In order to find out and evaluate various aspects of the development of social and technical systems, a wide range of approaches has been developed in recent years.Models that describe the stages (levels) of the organization’s development, called Maturity Models. Currently, the International Organization for Standardization defines the concept of «maturity model» as a model that reflects the necessary elements of effective processes and describes the way for continuous improvement from immature processes to regulated mature processes with improved qualities and efficiency. In the conditions of decentralization in Ukraine, a key role in the implementation of the community-based approach to local development starts to play a complex of network systems that are currently being formed. Maturity models may also be used to assess the degree of such systems’ development and determine the directions for their further improvement. The study highlighted that the beginning of the 21st century has given rise to a large number of research and practical implementation of the maturity models proposed by academics and professional organizations: technological, project, process, organizational, etc. Consequently, the article deals with the issues related to the definition of peculiarities of the community-based network systems’ assessment, which have not yet found sufficient work in the specialized publications on public administration in Ukraine. On the basis of the modern approaches to the organizational maturity assessment the study proposed the development of an approach to determining the levels of the local development network systems’ maturity. Moreover, the study suggested a Prism model of a community-based local development network systems’ maturity. This model provides the possibility of using maturity matrices in three dimensions, which ensure the success of activities in this area: maturity in the community-based local development; project maturity; network interaction maturity. To measure, it this study proposed to use four levels of a qualitative scale: «know» – «understand» – «use» – «develop». As a result, prospects for further research are defined: the further elaboration of a maturity indicators’ complex of community-based local development network system Maturity Model and the formation of corresponding matrices with a description of the characteristics of each level and transitions to the next level of maturity are determined.
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Carballo-Mendívil, Blanca, Alejandro Arellano-González, and Nidia Josefina Ríos-Vázquez. "MATURITY OF PROCESSES IN SMES: VALIDATION OF SCALES WHEN IMPLEMENTING PROJECT-BASED LEARNING." Journal of Management and Business Education 2, no. 3 (December 15, 2019): 250–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.35564/jmbe.2019.0017.
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This paper presents the design and validation of scales that can be used in project-based learning (PBL) when a small service company is studied, particularly the maturity of their business processes. The scales were designed based on an organization model with a systems approach. To validate the scales, data were collected by students through rubrics, after participating in a semester-long PBL process developed for a university course. The reliability was determined and the factorial structure examined by an Exploratory Factor Analysis. Nine instruments were obtained as a final result of the project, in scoring rubric format that expresses four levels of maturity, from 16 attributes that comprehensively evaluate a process’ maturity. The analysis revealed that the greatest scope for improvement in small businesses is in managing infrastructure and environment. The value of the proposed scales is because they offer a holistic manner to analyze the organizational processes, with a maturity approach. This is because organizations, as well as living beings, mature in different stages, and therefore must be treated accordingly. This study also laid out a methodology to organize a project-based pedagogy. This methodology can be incorporated into a class plan and complement the theoretical and empirical knowledge necessary for the student to move from theory to practice naturally, while developing skills and attitudes required by a consultant or business analyst with teacher orientation.
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Seo, Jaekyo, Ki Bum Noh, and Alexandre Ardichvili. "Theory Building and Testing in HRD: Current Advancements and Future Directions." Human Resource Development Review 18, no. 4 (August 29, 2019): 411–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1534484319871698.
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This research studied changes in theory building and testing levels, reported in 668 articles published in three leading Human Resource Development (HRD) journals in years 2000 to 2017. Using a modified taxonomy of theory building research, we found evidence to suggest that the trajectory of theory building and testing efforts in HRD suggests that the field has reached a stage of a mature discipline. The study has found that some types of research have become less important as the discipline matured (e.g., Reporters, or articles reporting observation of phenomena) or remain stable (Modifiers of existing theories), whereas others steadily grow in importance (theory Builders and Expanders). Correlating the results of citation analysis with types of articles, we found that articles that propose and test new theoretical constructs at the same time, or those that expand new theories, enjoy significantly higher levels of citations, compared with articles that report observations of practice or duplicate earlier studies.
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Branco, Ilka S. L., Danielle L. Viana, Renata T. S. Félix, Dráusio P. Véras, and Fábio H. V. Hazin. "Oocyte development and ovarian maturation of the black triggerfish, Melichthys niger(Actinopterygii: Balistidae) in São Pedro e São Paulo Archipelago, Brazil." Neotropical Ichthyology 11, no. 3 (September 2013): 597–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1679-62252013000300013.
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The oogenesis is a key stage in the reproductive development of an organism, which can be best understood from histological analysis of ovaries in different maturity stages. In order to provide information on the reproductive biology of the black triggerfish, M. niger, in particular on its oogenesis process, this study aimed at identifying and characterizing the oocyte development stages and its organization within the different stages of ovarian maturation based on specimens from São Pedro e São Paulo Archipelago. In this present report, a number of 294 ovaries were histologically analyzed. It was verified that they are composed of ovigerous lamellae containing oocytes at different development stages. Five different stages of oogenesis were identified: young cells, with an average size of 12.9 ìm; previtellogenic oocytes (perinucleolar), with an average size of 53.5 ìm; cortical-alveoli oocytes with an average size of 83.1 ìm; vitellogenic oocytes, with an average size of 160.4 ìm and mature oocytes, with an average size of 289.8 ìm. In addition to the germ cells, some somatic structures were also identified, such as: ovarian wall, follicular cells and blood vessels. Based on the type and number of oocytes observed, four stages of ovarian maturation were identified: early maturation, represented by only 2.2% of the sample; middle maturation, represented by 9.9%; mature, represented by 44.2% and resting, represented by 43.9%. The identification of five oocyte development stages in the ovarians from M. niger, suggested that the specie follows a pattern similar to that described for other marine fish.
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Dzięgielewska, Olga. "Anonymization, tokenization, encryption. How to recover unrecoverable data." Computer Science and Mathematical Modelling, no. 6/2017 (January 30, 2018): 9–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.8235.
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The data privacy is currently vastly commented topic among all the organizations which process personal data due to the introduction of the European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation. Existing methods of data protection are believed to be sufficient as they meet the risk-based approach requirements in every mature organization, yet the number of publicly known data breaches confirms that this assumption is false. The aftermath of such incidents in countless cases prove that the risk-based approach failed as the reputational and financial consequences by far exceed the original estimations. This paper stressed the importance of the data layer protection from the planning, through design, until maintenance stages in the database lifecycle, as numerous attack vectors originating from the insider threat and targeting the data layer still sneak through unnoticed during the risk analysis phase.
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Isaeva, Valeria V., Anna V. Akhmadieva, and Andrey I. Shukalyuk. "The hidden coloniality at the parasitic stage in Peltogaster reticulatus (Crustacea: Rhizocephala)." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 92, no. 3 (March 26, 2012): 457–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315411000907.
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Upon infesting the hermit crab Pagurus proximus the parasitic barnacle Peltogaster reticulatus typically forms a single externa on each host. In vivo, histological and histochemical study revealed that most P. reticulatus with a single mature externa also exhibited three or four primordial externae and several buds of earlier developmental stages. It is shown that stolon buds and primordial externae in P. reticulatus internae intensively express alkaline phosphatase activity, the classical histochemical marker for mammalian embryonic stem and primary germ cells. Ovaries of the most developed primordial externae were filled with growing oocytes, so the process of oogenesis begins in the externa rudiments of P. reticulatus before the externae appear on the surface of the host body. Since the interna, which is connected to the mature externa, also integrated three or four additional primordial externae and several earlier buds, P. reticulatus, a non-colonial species based on the common presence of a single externa in each host, appears to have a hidden colonial organization at the parasitic stage of its life cycle.
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Li, Qiang, and Yong Chen. "An Investigation of Innovation Capability in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises of China." Applied Mechanics and Materials 58-60 (June 2011): 66–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.58-60.66.
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Over the last decades, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) have grown exponentially and become a key element in China’s economy. The purpose of this paper is to conduct a compararive evaluations of innovation capabilities status of SMEs in China across different sectors. Six dimensions of innovation capability that influence mostly NPD performance of firms are identified, such as technology, organization, strategy, organizational climate, manufacturing and marketing. A practical survey was carried out in the manufacturing industry of Zhejiang Province. We find that in different firm sizes and development stages SMEs have significant disparities in intensity of different capability dimensions respectively. Medium firms has higher scores in all of innovation capability dimensions than small firms. The bottleneck of capabilities in small firms are found in Org_Process, M_C, and MKT_S. All of firms in three stages are consistently adept in MKT_L, Climate_L, and lack in Org_Process; Mature firms exhibit the greatest level in all of innovation capability dimensions, and growing firms and startup firms are lower in sequence.
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Engerer, Nicholas A., David J. Stensrud, and Michael C. Coniglio. "Surface Characteristics of Observed Cold Pools." Monthly Weather Review 136, no. 12 (December 1, 2008): 4839–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008mwr2528.1.
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Abstract Cold pools are a key element in the organization of precipitating convective systems, yet knowledge of their typical surface characteristics is largely anecdotal. To help to alleviate this situation, cold pools from 39 mesoscale convective system (MCS) events are sampled using Oklahoma Mesonet surface observations. In total, 1389 time series of surface observations are used to determine typical rises in surface pressure and decreases in temperature, potential temperature, and equivalent potential temperature associated with the cold pool, and the maximum wind speeds in the cold pool. The data are separated into one of four convective system life cycle stages: first storms, MCS initiation, mature MCS, and MCS dissipation. Results indicate that the mean surface pressure rises associated with cold pools increase from 3.2 hPa for the first storms’ life cycle stage to 4.5 hPa for the mature MCS stage before dropping to 3.3 hPa for the dissipation stage. In contrast, the mean temperature (potential temperature) deficits associated with cold pools decrease from 9.5 (9.8) to 5.4 K (5.6 K) from the first storms to the dissipation stage, with a decrease of approximately 1 K associated with each advance in the life cycle stage. However, the daytime and early evening observations show mean temperature deficits over 11 K. A comparison of these observed cold pool characteristics with results from idealized numerical simulations of MCSs suggests that observed cold pools likely are stronger than those found in model simulations, particularly when ice processes are neglected in the microphysics parameterization. The mean deficits in equivalent potential temperature also decrease with the MCS life cycle stage, starting at 21.6 K for first storms and dropping to 13.9 K for dissipation. Mean wind gusts are above 15 m s−1 for all life cycle stages. These results should help numerical modelers to determine whether the cold pools in high-resolution models are in reasonable agreement with the observed characteristics found herein. Thunderstorm simulations and forecasts with thin model layers near the surface are also needed to obtain better representations of cold pool surface characteristics that can be compared with observations.
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Eastman, Jacqueline K., Maria Aviles, and Mark Hanna. "Effectively Serving The Needs Of Todays Business Student: The Product Life Cycle Approach To Class Organization." American Journal of Business Education (AJBE) 5, no. 3 (May 1, 2012): 293–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/ajbe.v5i3.7000.
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We illustrate a class organization process utilizing the concept of the Product Life Cycle to meet the needs of todays millennial student. In the Introduction stage of a business course, professors need to build structure to encourage commitment. In the Growth stage, professors need to promote the structure through multiple, brief activities that can keep the attention of business students. In the Mature stage, professors need to use the structure to stabilize engagement levels and learning rates but be willing to make adjustments to prevent apathy in the course. Finally, in the Decline stage, professors need to dismantle the structure while allowing opportunities for utilizing materials for future business courses and addressing todays millennial students need for achievement and sense of entitlement with the course grades. The value is that this paper illustrates an approach to aid professors in organizing business courses that can be utilized in a variety of courses to better serve millennial students.
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Shahbazbegian, Mohammad Reza, Anthony Turton, and Seyed Masoud Mousavi Shafaee. "Hydropolitical Self-Organization theory; system dynamics to analyse hydropolitics of Helmand transboundary river." Water Policy 18, no. 5 (March 29, 2016): 1088–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2016.204.
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The paper is based on the hydropolitical driver concept and analyses non-technological drivers responsible for the depletion of water resources determining the hydropolitical situation over time. To tackle the complexity stemming from the heterogeneity of drivers, the paper adopts both theoretical hydropolitics (hydropolitical driver concept) and system dynamics (SD) (causal loop diagrams tool) to map a mature self-organization mechanism in the Helmand transboundary river watershed gradually stemming from five known hydropolitical drivers' activity through history. The drivers are described according to two important historical phases. In this regard the authors introduce ‘primary’, ‘third party’, ‘national’, ‘regional’ and ‘state building’ drivers into the transboundary basin in order to define a mature system mechanism, called a ‘Hydropolitical Self-Organization (HSO)’ mechanism in the paper. In parallel with explaining the drivers, the corresponding five stages of the derived HSO are to be analysed. Also, to underpin the drivers and derived system mechanism activities, the paper adopts related theories, statistical data and historical documents. However, the mature self-organization mechanism including all drivers led to derivation of three perspectives of various hydropolitical scenarios in the future both within and between the two neighbouring countries as well as suggesting four system policy options relying on the SD principles to check unintended outcomes of the self-organization mechanism.
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Sardjono, Sardjono, R. Yadi Rakhman Alamsyah, Marwondo Marwondo, and Elia Setiana. "Data Cleansing Strategies on Data Sets Become Data Science." International Journal of Quantitative Research and Modeling 1, no. 3 (September 3, 2020): 145–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.46336/ijqrm.v1i3.71.
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The digital era very grows up with the increasing using of smartphone and many organization or companies was implemented of a system to support their business. That is who will increase the volume of usage and dissemination of data, neither through open nor closed internet networks. Because there is the need to process large data and how to get it from different store resource, so requirement strategy to process the data according to the rule of good, effective and efficient in activity data cleansing until the data set can be use as mature and very useful information for their business purpose. By using the R languaged who can process large data and has data complexity for the data loaded from different storage resource can be done as well as. To using R languaged maximally, so we have to a basic skill that needed to process the data set which will be used to be data scient for organizations or companies by good data cleansing techniques. In this research on Data Cleansing Strategies on data set owned by organizations,will describe the correct step by step to obtaining data that very useful to be uses as data science for organization so by the data that generated after the data cleansing process is very meaningful and useful for making decisions, other than that this research give basic overview and guide to the beginner all data scientists by doing data cleansing in the way stages and also provides a way to analyze from the result of execution some functions used.
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Gusarova, Svetlana N., Yuliya M. Erokhina, and Elena I. Hunuzidi. "QUESTIONS OF THE INTERNAL CONTROL QUALITY ASSURANCE OF TEST'S RESULTS IN THE TESTING LABORATORY." Industrial laboratory. Diagnostics of materials 85, no. 4 (May 15, 2019): 64–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.26896/1028-6861-2019-85-4-64-76.
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The problems regarding arrangement and implementation of the intralaboratory quality control (ILC) of test results in testing laboratories (TL) are reviewed and summarized. The main goals of ILC directly aimed at minimization of the risks of getting unsatisfactory test results are considered along with the choice of the methods and types of control. The process and system approaches to organization and performance of the ILC are proposed with allowance for the risk assessment at the stages of planning, implementation, and monitoring of the ILC, which provide a control of all measurement techniques (MT) used in the laboratory, thus making the control procedure transparent to all the parties concerned. An effective way to describe the ILC starting with the stage of planning is recommended. The proposed "ILC Program" ensures the efficiency and effectiveness of the process to match the goals set for ILC: ensuring of the required accuracy (uncertainty) of current test results for the entire nomenclature of measurement techniques, maintaining the testing processes in a statistically controlled state, and, consequently, ensuring of the confidence of internal and external customers and supervisory organizations to the results of testing and activities of the TL as a whole thus proving the technical competence of the laboratory. We present the results of analysis of all ILC stages using the Shewhart-Deming — PDCA principle with a list of possible risks of obtaining unreliable results. Recommendations on the effective implementation of each stage of the process are given. Listed typical mistakes of ILC implementation can help the readers not only to avoid them, but also consider them as possible risks.
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Holbrook, Morris. "The marketing manager as a jazz musician." Marketing Intelligence & Planning 33, no. 7 (October 5, 2015): 958–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mip-03-2015-0058.
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Purpose – Recently, organizational theorists and business thinkers have discovered the jazz metaphor and have employed this trope as an analogy to infer and describe best practices in the areas of organizational innovation and business strategy. The paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach – The present paper extends and amplifies this insight in the area of marketing practice and compares the marketing manager to the jazz musician with special attention to the problem of introducing new offerings during the mature stage of the product life cycle – namely, the strategic issue that concerns most marketing managers most of the time. Findings – Ultimately, the author is struck by the rather profound ways in which – true to the jazz metaphor – the marketing manager during the mature phase of the product life cycle resembles an improvising musician. Originality/value – The present paper pursues this theme in connection with one particular aspect of marketing strategy – namely, the design and introduction of new offerings during the mature phase of the product life cycle.
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Halasiuk, Viktor. "Theoretical and applied aspects of restructuring the national economy of Ukraine." Economics ecology socium 3, no. 1 (March 31, 2019): 75–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.31520/2616-7107/2019.3.1-8.
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Introduction. The article deals with problems and consequences of the Ukrainian economy deindustrialization under the neoliberal paradigm dominance in government's economic policy. The problems of deindustrialization in transition economies during the period of postindustrial transformation in developed countries and the neoliberal economic thought dominance has so far been overlooked. The subject-matter of the study is structural shifts caused by deindustrialization and diversification of the economy. The methodological principles of research involve joint application of a set of well-known common scientific methods as well as special research methods in economics, such as retrospective analysis method to investigate the origin of modern neoliberal economic doctrines.
Aim and tasks. The purpose of the article is to distinguish the fundamental differences in structural changes in the economy of Ukraine and developed countries and to identify key areas for restructuring the domestic economy on the basis of modernization and reindustrialization policy.
Results. The fundamental differences between dramatic reduction of the industrial sector share in the Ukrainian economy and economy diversification with a relative decrease in the share of industry that occurs in mature economic systems under transition to the postindustrial stage of development are revealed. It’s proved that formal signs of a transition to a postindustrial society may reflect diametrically opposed trends of economic development. A critical analysis of the theoretical postulates of economic thought that underlies leading international organizations’ cooperation with individual countries is conducted. It’s argued that neoliberal economic paradigm relies on abstract, sterile, and unfeasible hypotheses based on ideology, not the experience of successful structural transformations. Key areas of Ukraine's economic policy transformation include a set of tools of budget, infrastructure, tax, customs and foreign trade policies to ensure structural changes in output and export. It’s argued that such measures, as introducing a local component criterion in public procurements, free connection of industrial objects to engineering networks, tax incentives for industrial park residents, barriers to raw materials exports, revision of Ukraine’s obligations under WTO, launching of an export-credit agency, deploying a network of official trade missions in key partner countries, etc., will trigger reindustrialization of Ukrainian economy.
Conclusions. Implementation of a full-fledged industrial policy in developing countries is hampered by the rule of neo-liberal economic ideology, which denies the possibility of effective state governance of structural changes in the national economy. The article puts forward a critical view on the mainstream economic ideology and discusses its destructive impact on the Ukrainian economy that is worth to be introduced in masters’ graduation programs in economics. Implementation of author’s recommendations on reforming governmental economic and industrial policy is a basis for launching reindustrialization processes in the Ukrainian economy.
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Long, Fei, Jiaming Liu, Shuying Zhang, Hu Yu, and Hou Jiang. "Development Characteristics and Evolution Mechanism of Homestay Agglomeration in Mogan Mountain, China." Sustainability 10, no. 9 (August 21, 2018): 2964. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10092964.
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The homestay business has contributed to the development of the tourism industry, and it has revitalized tourism resources and boosted the tourism economy. This article takes the Mogan Mountain homestay agglomeration of Yangtze River Delta, the most developed and actively invested in business in the industry, as a research site focus to discuss the recent trends in the Chinese homestay business. Standard deviational ellipse analysis, spatial analysis of nearest-neighbor, and density are empirically tested with the data from the inn/homestay channel of Qunar.com, which is a widely acclaimed website with high page views. Based on the above researches, this paper uses the standard deviation ellipse analysis, the nearest neighbor analysis, and the kernel density estimation analysis method to explore the development characteristics of the Mogan Mountain homestay agglomeration. Combined with the Butler tourist destination life cycle model, it can be concluded that the Mogan Mountain homestay agglomeration area experienced a stage of initial development (2007–2011) and rapid development (2012–2015) and now is in a mature development stage (2016 up to now). This study proposes five actors: physical geographical conditions, traffic location conditions, tourism self-organization mechanism, policy influence, and community residents’ willingness to develop and significantly drive the evolution of Mogan Mountain homestay agglomeration. The formation and evolution of the Mogan Mountain homestay agglomeration are the results of the accumulation of resource-driven effect, scale effect, and differentiation effect at different stages. The unique organization and incentive mechanism promote regional sustainable development.
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Velilla, Esther, Elisabet Rodríguez-Gonzalez, Francesca Vidal, and Maria-Teresa Paramio. "Microtubule and microfilament organization in immature, in vitro matured and in vitro fertilized prepubertal goat oocytes." Zygote 13, no. 2 (May 2005): 155–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0967199405003229.
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The aim of our study was to analyse the cytoskeletal organization of prepubertal goat oocytes. Microtubule and microfilament organization during in vitro maturation of prepubertal and adult goat oocytes and presumptive zygotes of in vitro matured–in vitro fertilized (IVM-IVF) prepubertal goat oocytes were analysed. Oocytes were matured in M-199 with hormones and serum and inseminated with frozen-thawed spermatozoa. Oocytes and presumptive zygotes were treated with anti-α-tubulin antibody and fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labelled goat anti-mouse antibody to stain the microtubules. Microfilaments were localized by means of phalloidin 5 μg/ml conjugated with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC-phalloidin). DNA was stained with propidium iodide. Stained oocytes were observed under a confocal laser scanning microscope. At the germinal vesicle nuclear stage, microfilaments were distributed at the cortex of the oocytes. After in vitro maturation, 91.7% of metaphase II (MII) oocytes from adult goats displayed microfilaments in the cortex and within the polar body and were characterized by the presence of a microfilament thickening at the cortical region over the meiotic spindle. In prepubertal goat MII oocytes only 5.7% of oocytes displayed microfilaments at the cortex and within the polar body. After insemination, most of the zygotes displayed microfilaments distributed at the cortex. An undefined microtubular network was observed in adult and prepubertal goat oocytes at the germinal vesicle stage. After in vitro maturation, 100% of MII oocytes from adult goats displayed microtubules on the meiotic spindle and within the polar body. This pattern of distribution was observed in 71.6% of prepubertal goat oocytes. Undefined microtubule networks were present in most of the zygotes analysed. In conclusion, cytoskeletal differences were found between prepubertal and adult goat MII oocytes. Furthermore, most of the zygotes from IVM-IVF prepubertal goat oocytes displayed cytoskeletal anomalies.
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Chasis, JA, M. Prenant, A. Leung, and N. Mohandas. "Membrane assembly and remodeling during reticulocyte maturation." Blood 74, no. 3 (August 15, 1989): 1112–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v74.3.1112.1112.
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Abstract Membrane skeletal and cytoskeletal remodeling occurs throughout erythroid maturation. Microtubules and microfilaments have been identified morphologically in the nucleated erythroblast but the functional capability of these cytoskeletal structures during reticulocyte maturation has not been studied. Reticulocytes are formed from orthochromatic normoblasts by the process of nuclear extrusion. Two recognizable stages of reticulocyte maturation follow. The least mature reticulocytes are motile and multilobular, while the more mature reticulocytes are cup-shaped and nonmotile. To study the respective roles of microtubules and microfilaments in nuclear extrusion and cell motility, experiments were performed with agents that perturb these structures. Following the injection into rats of colchicine, a microtubule-disrupting substance, the number of normoblasts arrested at the stage of nuclear extrusion increased linearly over four hours. Similar results were obtained when bone marrow cells were incubated in culture in the presence of colchicine. In contrast, cell motility was dramatically decreased by cytochalasin B, a microfilament-disrupting agent, but not by colchicine. These results imply that microtubules are essential for the nuclear extrusion process, while microfilaments are essential for cell motility. Simultaneous changes in membrane skeletal assembly were assessed by measuring membrane deformability and stability, two properties regulated by the skeletal proteins. In ektacytometric assays, membrane deformability and mechanical stability of immature reticulocytes were markedly decreased to approximately 10% of normal, while that of more mature reticulocytes were nearly normal. Since the skeletal protein organization regulates these membrane properties, our findings imply that substantial membrane skeletal remodeling occurs during reticulocyte maturation. Thus we have identified major remodeling of both skeletal and cytoskeletal components during reticulocyte maturation.
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Chasis, JA, M. Prenant, A. Leung, and N. Mohandas. "Membrane assembly and remodeling during reticulocyte maturation." Blood 74, no. 3 (August 15, 1989): 1112–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v74.3.1112.bloodjournal7431112.
Full textAbstract:
Membrane skeletal and cytoskeletal remodeling occurs throughout erythroid maturation. Microtubules and microfilaments have been identified morphologically in the nucleated erythroblast but the functional capability of these cytoskeletal structures during reticulocyte maturation has not been studied. Reticulocytes are formed from orthochromatic normoblasts by the process of nuclear extrusion. Two recognizable stages of reticulocyte maturation follow. The least mature reticulocytes are motile and multilobular, while the more mature reticulocytes are cup-shaped and nonmotile. To study the respective roles of microtubules and microfilaments in nuclear extrusion and cell motility, experiments were performed with agents that perturb these structures. Following the injection into rats of colchicine, a microtubule-disrupting substance, the number of normoblasts arrested at the stage of nuclear extrusion increased linearly over four hours. Similar results were obtained when bone marrow cells were incubated in culture in the presence of colchicine. In contrast, cell motility was dramatically decreased by cytochalasin B, a microfilament-disrupting agent, but not by colchicine. These results imply that microtubules are essential for the nuclear extrusion process, while microfilaments are essential for cell motility. Simultaneous changes in membrane skeletal assembly were assessed by measuring membrane deformability and stability, two properties regulated by the skeletal proteins. In ektacytometric assays, membrane deformability and mechanical stability of immature reticulocytes were markedly decreased to approximately 10% of normal, while that of more mature reticulocytes were nearly normal. Since the skeletal protein organization regulates these membrane properties, our findings imply that substantial membrane skeletal remodeling occurs during reticulocyte maturation. Thus we have identified major remodeling of both skeletal and cytoskeletal components during reticulocyte maturation.
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Świerczyńska, Joanna, and Jerzy Bohdanowicz. "Alisma plantago-aquatica L.: the cytoskeleton of the suspensor development." Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 83, no. 2 (2014): 159–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/asbp.2014.014.
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The actin and the tubulin cytoskeleton organization during the differentiation of the embryo-suspensor in <em>Alisma plantago-aquatica</em> was studied in comparison with the development of embryo, using immunofluorescence detection and rhodamine-phalloidin assay. At the early stage of the suspensor basal cell development (from 2- to ~10-celled embryos) microfilaments form an abundant network in the cytoplasm of the basal cell, while the microtubules form a delicate network. At the mature stage of development (from a dozen to several dozen-celled embryos), in the suspensor basal cell, the microfilaments and microtubules were localized from micropylar to chalazal pole of the cell. At the micropylar end of the basal cell a high amount of actin and tubulin material was observed. The microfilaments were mainly arranged parallel whereas numerous bundles of microtubules distributed longitudinally or transversally to the long axis of the cell. At this stage of basal cell functioning, some bundles of microtubules appeared to pass close to the nucleus surface. Microtubules were also observed distributed at the chalazal pole of the basal cell. At the senescence stage of the suspensor basal cell (>100-celled embryos) the actin and tubulin filaments disorganize, some disrupted microfilaments and microtubules were observed in the cytoplasm of the basal cell. At all stages of the suspensor basal cell development in the embryo cells an extensive actin and tubulin network was observed.
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Liyanage, Sumedha, and Noureddine Abidi. "Molecular weight and organization of cellulose at different stages of cotton fiber development." Textile Research Journal 89, no. 5 (January 23, 2018): 726–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517517753642.
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There is a continuous change in cell wall composition and organization during cotton fiber development. Cotton fiber strength correlates to the molecular weight (MW) and molecular weight distribution (MWD), and organization of cellulose chains in the secondary cell wall. These parameters change drastically during fiber development. This study reports on the MW, MWD, and organization of cellulose in cotton fibers harvested from two cotton cultivars of Gossypium hirsutum L., (Texas Marker-1 and TX55) at different levels of maturity. Fiber dissolution is necessary to estimate the molecular properties of cellulose. Cellulose in mature cotton fibers is larger in MW and highly crystalline and, therefore, poorly dissolves in common solvent systems. To facilitate the dissolution, fibers were first pretreated with 23% sodium hydroxide and then dissolved in a dimethylacetamide/lithium chloride solvent system. Gel permeation chromatography of dissolved fibers indicated that cellulose in both cultivars reaches its maximum MW around 30 days post anthesis. Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy imaging in the transmission mode indicates changes in cellulose distribution in cotton fibers with fiber development. The distributions of infrared vibrations of cellulose at 897 (β-linkage of cellulose), 1161 (anti-symmetrical C-O-C stretching of cellulose), and 1429 cm−1 (CH2 scissoring of cellulose) provided information on cellulose deposition in intact cotton fibers.