Books on the topic 'Mature age study'
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1
Farkas, Janice I. Lifetimes in chemistry: A study of members ages 50 to 69 : a report on the American Chemical Society's mature career chemists study. Washington, DC: Dept. of Career Services, American Chemical Society, 2000.
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Beeson, Luana J. Midlife pregnancy, a comparative study of the parental attitudes of the mature primigravida and the younger primigravida: Getting Fucked Early and Later and Living with the CONSEQUENCES! Cuntsville, NY: Big Fat Cocks Alive, 1988.
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Diggle, Martin. Teaching the mature rider. London: J.A. Allen, 1993.
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Nigro, Giampiero, ed. La moda come motore economico: innovazione di processo e prodotto, nuove strategie commerciali, comportamento dei consumatori / Fashion as an economic engine: process and product innovation, commercial strategies, consumer behavior. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-565-3.
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The study of the textile sector has always been central to economic history: from reconstructions of the dynamic growth in the medieval wool industry, to the rise of silk and light and mixed fabrics in the modern era, to the driving role of cotton in the industrialisation process. Although the dynamics of textile manufacturing are closely linked to the transformations of fashion, economic history has long neglected its role as a factor in economic change, treating it primarily as a kind of exogenous catalyst. This book makes a decisive contribution to the understanding of a fundamental transformation, the consequences of which are projected into contemporary society, but which matured in pre-industrial times: the advent of fashion.
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Dessì, Giuseppe, and Raffaello Delogu. Lettere 1936-1963. Edited by Monica Graceffa. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6655-162-1.
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Author of Architettura del medioevo in Sardegna which won him the Premio Nazionale Olivetti in 1956, Raffaello Delogu was an art historian and Commissioner for Antiquities and Monuments in Sardinia, Abruzzo and Sicily. His correspondence with one of the most eminent Italian writers of the second half of the twentieth century, as transcribed and lavishly annotated here by Monica Graceffa, reveals him not only as a committed intellectual devoted to the study of ancient and modern art, but also as a caustic and playful friend. His dialogue with Giuseppe Dessí commenced in their youth, when Dessí was an amateur painter on the way to maturity, who instead rapidly developed into a mature writer and attentive connoisseur of all forms of art. In addition to their studies and mutual friends (including Claudio Varese and Maria Lai), they also shared an interest in painting and in what Dessí was experiencing (his moves, his political passion) and what he was writing (fiction, drama, essays); important in this regard are the letters touching on the collaboration of both on the Sardinian issue of Pietro Calamandrei's «Il Ponte».
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E'kov, Evgeniy. The origin and evolution of the Universe. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1852616.
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The monograph examines a wide range of problems related to the origin and development of the Universe. An overview of the history of the study of astronomy from Stone Age observatories to modern space telescopes is given. The theories of the origin of the Universe are analyzed, evidence of the Big Bang, the expansion of the Universe, the cosmic effects of dark energy and dark matter are given. The origin and causes of the existence of planets, stars, nebulae, galaxies and other cosmic bodies in the Universe are considered. A large place is given to the analysis of the origin and development of the Solar system. The origin and functioning of the Sun, planets and other objects located in its gravitational field are considered. Among the planets of the Solar System, the greatest attention is paid to the Earth and the analysis of the factors that ensured the emergence and maintenance of various forms of life on it.
For a wide range of readers interested in the origin and evolution of the universe. It can be useful for students, postgraduates and teachers of physics and mathematics universities.
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Teaching the Mature Rider. J a Allen & Co Ltd, 1999.
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Sedek, Grzegorz, Thomas Hess, and Dayna Touron, eds. Multiple Pathways of Cognitive Aging. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197528976.001.0001.
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The study of aging and cognition has grown tremendously over the past 50 years, developing from a field dominated by experimentally based information-processing traditions to one represented by a more mature approach both conceptually and methodologically. A quick examination of relevant research over the last 10 years reveals a growth in integrative approaches incorporating behavioral, neuropsychological, and social information. In addition, the concurrent recognition of limitations associated with simple cross-sectional age-group comparisons along with the use of more complex methods has resulted in the development of increasingly sophisticated research designs and analytic tools focused on understanding a multitude of potential mediators and moderators of cognitive change. This all has led away from a monolithic—often negative—view of cognitive aging to one that is more nuanced and sensitive to contextual factors. This recent shift in the psychology of aging discipline from describing cognitive aging in terms of limitations into one focused on understanding the factors associated with adaptive functioning in later life is a prime inspiration for the present volume. Thus, an emphasis here is on understanding both the factors underlying individual differences in trajectories of change in cognitive functioning in later life and the nature of compensatory mechanisms developed by most successful and active middle-aged and older adults through their experiences in dealing with complex tasks. This includes the consideration of motivational factors as a driver of both cognitive change and adaptive functioning. The 15 contributions offer unique insights and highlight innovative methodological approaches that have been used to study these issues.
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Kelly, Gillian. Tyrone Power. Edinburgh University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474452946.001.0001.
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One of the most popular actors of the Classical Hollywood period, Tyrone Power’s appeal was initially based around his outstanding beauty, his looks remaining key to his star persona throughout his 25-year career and almost 50 films, most of which were made at Twentieth Century-Fox, before his untimely death in 1958 at the age of 44. Although Power was one of Classical Hollywood’s major stars of the pre- and post-war years, he remains academically neglected. This book presents the first substantial academic study of Power and employs a range of approaches, including stardom and genre theory, to reappraise his career from various angles including gender, genre and image. Textual analysis coincides with discussions of Power’s multi-layered performances in a variety of genres while engaging with industry systems, specifically Twentieth Century-Fox, his home studio for almost two decades, and situates Power’s performances within the contexts of industry regulations, such as the Production Code, and industry technological advances, such as CinemaScope. A key historical figure of American cinema, Power’s significant career trajectory from pretty boy ‘pin-up’ in the 1930s to mature, virile action-adventure star at the close of his career demonstrates the natural progression of a ‘normal’ life and his ability to remain relevant across the decades. This book is part of a welcome new wave of scholarly studies on overlooked stars, such as Power, whose careers were initially based around their looks but who maintained a career as they aged.
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Wagner, Bryan. Historical Method In The Study of Law And Culture. Edited by Markus D. Dubber and Christopher Tomlins. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198794356.013.11.
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This chapter explores some of the ways that legal historical research has been conditioned by the concept of culture. It argues for the importance of understanding key terms of analysis in light of their intellectual history. No matter how we draw the distinction between law and culture, legal historical research becomes skewed when we presume that we are able to distinguish law from culture without attending to the intellectual and institutional history that made law and culture understandable as opposed entities separated into distinct domains. Legal historians must proceed inductively, but they also need to expand their analysis dialectically through a genealogy that conceives law and culture not as natural kinds but as inherited ideas.
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Lavrič, Miran. Youth 2020: the position of young people in Slovenia. Edited by Tomaž Deželan. University of Maribor Press, University of Ljubljana Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51746/9789617128031.
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After ten years, we have before us a new study on the position of young people in Slovenia, Mladina 2020 (Youth 2020). The national study, which concerns itself with the young generation, specifically 15- to 29-year olds, is of paramount importance for the client (Office of the Republic of Slovenia for Youth), as well as for young people and society as a whole. With the aid of the Mladina 2020 (Youth 2020) study and the recommendations that researchers offered as part of the final report, the Office’s goal is primarily to formulate evidence-based public policies that have an impact on young people’s lives. These should create better conditions for young people’s transition to adulthood and give mature generations peace of mind, knowing that the young generation is empowered and well prepared to face all life circumstances. However, is this true? So what are young people like at this moment in time?
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Kulkarni, Kunal, James Harrison, Mohamed Baguneid, and Bernard Prendergast, eds. Gastroenterology. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198729426.003.0008.
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Over the last two decades, there has been a marked improvement in the quality of study design and statistical rigour of gastroenterology studies. However, the complexity of gastroenterological problems has limited the size of the studies. Biological therapy in inflammatory bowel disease has been a therapeutic landmark in therapeutics in gastroenterology, not only for increasing the sophistication in study design, but also for stimulating debate on fundamental goals of therapy. In hepatology, antiviral therapy has established large and robust multinational randomized controlled trials. Interventions in hepatology are now judged by their effect on hard clinical endpoints, including long-term survival. Clinical gastroenterology has matured into a specialty that challenges both the intellect and dexterity. This chapter highlights the evidence base for some of the most crucial developments in gastroenterology.
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Stern, Simon, Maksymilian Del Mar, and Bernadette Meyler, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Law and Humanities. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190695620.001.0001.
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How might law matter to the humanities? How might the humanities matter to law? In its approach to both of these questions, The Oxford Handbook of Law and Humanities shows how rich a resource the law is for humanistic study, as well as how and why the humanities are vital for understanding law. Tackling questions of method, key themes, and concepts and a variety of genres and areas of the law, this collection of chapters by leading scholars from a variety of disciplines illuminates new questions and articulates an exciting new agenda for scholarship in law and humanities.
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Fitzpatrick, Antonia. Thomas Aquinas (I). Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198790853.003.0004.
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This chapter restores the place of the body within Aquinas’s theory of the composition of human nature, explaining his account of the body’s autonomy relative to the soul. The central arguments of the entire study are elaborated: theological problems, particularly the bodily resurrection, led Aquinas to emphasize the body’s goodness; Aquinas thinks that the individuality of the whole person had its origins in matter; the individual body’s autonomy is underpinned by its unique ‘dimensive quantity’—a corporeal form, but an ‘accidental’, not a substantial form, which individualizes the body’s matter. These arguments are established through attending to: essence and its relationship to the individual; the beauty of the human body; embryology, heredity, and the structure of matter; and individuation. A theme running through the chapter is Aquinas’s radical remodelling of Peter Lombard’s concept of the ‘truth of human nature’, i.e. that from which the resurrected body will be constituted.
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Griffith-Jones, Stephany, María Luz Martínez Sola, and Javiera Petersen Muga. The Role of CORFO in Chile’s Development. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198827948.003.0006.
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CORFO was one of the first national development banks in Latin America, and played a decisive role in Chile’s national development strategy. In recent decades, its relative scale has diminished significantly. Its financial support currently represents only 1% of Chile’s GDP and has switched from giving credit directly to becoming a second-tier institution whose main instruments are not loans but guarantees. Its support for strategic sectors has been decisive to incentivize innovative, value-added activities, such as the Start-Up programme or renewable energy projects. Nonetheless, its limited scale severely reduces its potential ability to transform Chile’s economy or deploy a countercyclical role in a crisis scenario. This study suggests that CORFO could take advantage of Chile’s mature capital market, by raising additional funds through bond issues.
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Herminghaus, S. Where grains and fluids meet: the complex physics of wet granular matter. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198789352.003.0009.
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In this chapter, the physics of wet granular matter is discussed. The practical significance of wet granular matter goes of course well beyond the construction of sand sculptures. Most industrial raw materials are solids and come in granular form, and the processes into which they feed involve their being mixed with liquids and agglomerated, conveyed, kneaded, or cast in moulds. For appropriately engineering these processes, including the minimization of energy consumption, a deep understanding of the mechanical properties of this class of materials is indispensable. Furthermore, if we want to mitigate, or even reliably predict, such devastating events as land slides or mud flows, we need to study the dynamical behaviour of wet granular matter in detail. This applies as well to other, similar systems of relevance, such as ice and snow avalanches, which can be modelled as wet granular systems as well.
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Anjum, Rani Lill, and Stephen Mumford. Getting Involved. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198733669.003.0024.
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Science is an activity and this creates some tension with one of its perceived norms, namely its objectivity. We do not simply record data in a detached way. We perform experimental interventions, which is a matter of choice, informed by our interests. There are interventionist accounts of causation that clearly cannot be used to define causation, since intervention is already a causal notion. However, the idea shows what is important about causal knowledge: it allows us to manipulate the world to our own ends, or at least to have good fallible reasons for what would happen if a certain sort of intervention were to occur. We are causally involved in the world that we study; indeed, our study of it depends on that.
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Neundorf, Anja, and Kaat Smets. Political Socialization and the Making of Citizens. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199935307.013.98.
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Political socialization describes the process by which citizens crystalize political identities, values and behavior that remain relatively persistent throughout later life. This chapter provides a comprehensive discussion of the scholarly debate on political socialization, posing a number of questions that arise in the study of political socialization and the making of citizens. First, what is it about early life experiences that makes them matter for political attitudes, political engagement, and political behavior? Second, what age is crucial in the development of citizens’ political outlook? Third, who and what influences political orientations and behavior in early life, and how are cohorts colored by the nature of time when they come of age? Fourth, how do political preferences and behavior develop after the impressionable years? The chapter further provides an outlook of the challenges and opportunities for the field of political socialization.
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Deruelle, Nathalie, and Jean-Philippe Uzan. The Lambda-CDM model of the hot Big Bang. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198786399.003.0059.
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This chapter introduces the Lambda-CDM (cold dark matter) model. In 1948, under the impetus of George Gamow, Robert Hermann, Ralph Alpher, and Hans Bethe in particular, relativistic cosmology entered the second phase of its history. In this phase, physical processes, in particular, nuclear and atomic processes, are taken into account. This provides two observational tests of the model: primordial nucleosynthesis, which explains the origin of light nuclei, and the existence of the cosmic microwave background, and it establishes the fact that the universe has a thermal history. Study of the large-scale structure of the universe then indicates the existence of dark matter and a nonzero cosmological constant. This model, known as the ΛCDM model, is the standard model of contemporary cosmology.
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Vogt, Katja Maria. The Metaphysics of the Sphere of Action. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190692476.003.0007.
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Chapter 7 examines a principle Aristotle formulates in Nicomachean Ethics I.3: ethics must be adequate for its domain. The ethicist must ask herself what her inquiry is about, study the nature of her theory’s subject matter, and observe norms of theorizing that are adequate for it. The subject matter of ethics is value as it figures in human life. Aristotle ascribes two features to this value: difference and variability. Other theorists, he notes, are misled by difference and variability and become relativists. They observe a lack of strict regularity and falsely conclude that the domain of value is messy, unsuitable for any general insights. In Aristotle’s view, the sphere of agency displays for the most part regularities. The chapter defends this proposal as an important metaphysical insight and discusses how it adds to the much-debated claim that situations in which agents act are particulars.
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Eckle, Hans-Peter. Models of Quantum Matter. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199678839.001.0001.
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This book focuses on the theory of quantum matter, strongly interacting systems of quantum many–particle physics, particularly on their study using exactly solvable and quantum integrable models with Bethe ansatz methods. Part 1 explores the fundamental methods of statistical physics and quantum many–particle physics required for an understanding of quantum matter. It also presents a selection of the most important model systems to describe quantum matter ranging from the Hubbard model of condensed matter physics to the Rabi model of quantum optics. The remaining five parts of the book examines appropriate special cases of these models with respect to their exact solutions using Bethe ansatz methods for the ground state, finite–size, and finite temperature properties. They also demonstrate the quantum integrability of an exemplary model, the Heisenberg quantum spin chain, within the framework of the quantum inverse scattering method and through the algebraic Bethe ansatz. Further models, whose Bethe ansatz solutions are derived and examined, include the Bose and Fermi gases in one dimension, the one–dimensional Hubbard model, the Kondo model, and the quantum Tavis–Cummings model, the latter a model descendent from the Rabi model.
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Pila, Justine. The Subject Matter of Intellectual Property. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199688616.001.0001.
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This book offers a study of the subject matter protected by each of the main intellectual property (IP) regimes. With a focus on European and UK law particularly, it considers the meaning of the terms used to denote the objects to which IP rights attach, such as ‘invention’, ‘authorial work’, ‘trade mark’, and ‘design’, with reference to the practice of legal officials and the nature of those objects specifically. To that end it proceeds in three stages. At the first stage, in Chapter 2, the nature, aims, and values of IP rights and systems are considered. As historically and currently conceived, IP rights are limited (and generally transferable) exclusionary rights that attach to certain intellectual creations, broadly conceived, and that serve a range of instrumentalist and deontological ends. At the second stage, in Chapter 3, a theoretical framework for thinking about IP subject matter is proposed with the assistance of certain devices from philosophy. That framework supports a paradigmatic conception of the objects protected by IP rights as artifact types distinguished by their properties and categorized accordingly. From this framework, four questions are derived concerning: the nature of the (categories of) subject matter denoted by the terms ‘invention’, ‘authorial work’, ‘trade mark’, ‘design’ etc, including their essential properties; the means by which each subject matter is individuated within the relevant IP regime; the relationship between each subject matter and its concrete instances; and the manner in which the existence of a subject matter and its concrete instances is known. That leaves the book’s final stage, in Chapters 3 to 7. Here legal officials’ use of the terms above, and understanding of the objects that they denote, are studied, and the results presented as answers to the four questions identified previously.
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Widner, Jennifer, Michael Woolcock, and Daniel Ortega Nieto, eds. The Case for Case Studies. Cambridge University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781108688253.
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This book seeks to narrow two gaps: first, between the widespread use of case studies and their frequently 'loose' methodological moorings; and second, between the scholarly community advancing methodological frontiers in case study research and the users of case studies in development policy and practice. It draws on the contributors' collective experience at this nexus, but the underlying issues are more broadly relevant to case study researchers and practitioners in all fields. How does one prepare a rigorous case study? When can causal inferences reasonably be drawn from a single case? When and how can policy-makers reasonably presume that a demonstrably successful intervention in one context might generate similarly impressive outcomes elsewhere, or if massively 'scaled up'? No matter their different starting points – disciplinary base, epistemological orientation, sectoral specialization, or practical concerns – readers will find issues of significance for their own field, and others across the social sciences. This title is also available Open Access.
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Johnson, Kimberley S. The Color Line and the State. Edited by Richard Valelly, Suzanne Mettler, and Robert Lieberman. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199697915.013.009.
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This article examines the ways in which scholars of American political development (APD) have encountered the color line through their research, and the strides they have made in bringing race back into the field of political science in general and the study of the state in particular. Three core questions about race and APD are considered: How is race defined? When does race matter? In what direction does race matter? Two approaches relating to race and American politics are discussed: the race relations approach and the racial politics (or minority politics) approach. It then explores five challenges that must be addressed in order to overcome the persistent connections between APD and the discipline’s racial anomalism. It also analyzes the role of race in the establishment of the early American welfare state and concludes by reflecting on the persistence of racial inequality and prospects for APD in the twenty-first century.
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Leck, Ralph M. The Science of Agape. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252040009.003.0004.
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This chapter examines the second European Renaissance: the reintroduction of Greek sexual philosophy into European cultural life. The pivot of this second Renaissance was the reintroduction of the Agape–Eros binary, particularly, the science of Agape, which revolutionized the study of sexuality. Sex was no longer merely an erotic or physiological matter best understood via natural science. The concept of Agape revealed that the study of sexuality must also be understood as a moral science. As Lorraine Daston and Peter Galison point out, scientific categories of analysis are not morally neutral. They carry within themselves prescriptive civic and moral codes. These codes can reproduce existing laws and dominant social patterns; or, as was the case with the reintroduction of agapeic science, a new lens of analysis can revolutionize science and social morality alike.
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Stausberg, Michael, and Steven Engler. Theories of Religion. Edited by Michael Stausberg and Steven Engler. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198729570.013.4.
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This chapter operates with a notion of ‘theory’ as an interconnected set of ideas or statements expressed in language that frames cognitive claims about some phenomenon. The distinction between data and theory is best conceived of in a relative sense: there is no qualitative abyss separating data and theory. The focus of this chapter is one segment of theory in the study of religion, namely theories of religion, i.e. theories that seek to account for religion by addressing the following set of questions: What kind of subject matter does religion constitute? What is the structure of religion? What is distinctive/specific about religion? What are the origins of religion? What are the effects, functions, or products of religion? There is unlikely to ever be a completely satisfying theory of religion. But ‘theory of religion’ can remain a regulative idea for the study of religion as a discipline.
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Vučković, Jelena. Quantum optics and cavity QED with quantum dots in photonic crystals. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198768609.003.0008.
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Quantum dots in optical nanocavities are interesting as a test-bed for fundamental studies of light–matter interaction (cavity quantum electrodynamics, QED), as well as an integrated platform for information processing. As a result of the strong field localization inside sub-cubic-wavelength volumes, these dots enable very large emitter–field interaction strengths. In addition to their use in the study of new regimes of cavity QED, they can also be employed to build devices for quantum information processing, such as ultrafast quantum gates, non-classical light sources, and spin–photon interfaces. Beside quantum information systems, many classical information processing devices, such as lasers and modulators, benefit greatly from the enhanced light–matter interaction in such structures. This chapter gives an introduction to quantum dots, photonic crystal resonators, cavity QED, and quantum optics on this platform, as well as possible device applications.
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Tripkovic, Bosko. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198808084.003.0001.
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The chapter explains the relevance, subject matter, structure, and method of the book. The book aims to challenge and explain the metaethical foundations of value-based arguments in constitutional reasoning. The chapter clarifies which value-based arguments are analysed, why we should study their metaethical foundations, what does it mean to challenge and explain them, and why constitutional adjudication is important in this context. In so doing, the chapter introduces the central concepts and themes explored in the book, motivates its philosophical approach, and provides a brief chapter overview.
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Tolbert, Caroline, and William W. Franko. State Political Participation. Edited by Donald P. Haider-Markel. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199579679.013.005.
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In this article the authors explore the literature on political participation in the states and argue that research on state political participation has provided the most theoretical and empirical innovation gains for the overall study of participation in the past few decades. The authors focus on the impact of political institutions (election laws), political environments (electoral competition), and inequality in participation rates, or class bias, across the states. Future research directions are explored and the authors emphasize on some of the ways that the American states matter for participation in our democracy
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Domingues, Francisco C. Maritime History and Maritime Archaeology. Edited by Ben Ford, Donny L. Hamilton, and Alexis Catsambis. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199336005.013.0039.
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Maritime history embraces naval history, which is the relationship of human societies with the sea. Maritime history began to be recognized as a disciplinary field about half a century ago. In this context, archaeology is defined as the systematic study of past human life, behaviors, activities, and cultures using material remains and the relationships among them. Underwater archaeology defines archaeological activities carried out underwater and includes inland water activity. This article defines and underlines the distinctions between underwater archaeology, marine archaeology, and nautical archaeology. Maritime archaeology has undergone a boost in recent years. This article elucidates that both maritime archaeology and maritime history focus on the relationship between human societies and the maritime world, i.e., they have a common subject matter but have different theoretical and methodological perspectives. This is explained by a case study of the Pepper Wreck.
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Lo, Jade, and Nina Eliasoph. Broadening Cultural Sociology's Scope: Meaning-Making in Mundane Organizational Life. Edited by Jeffrey C. Alexander, Ronald N. Jacobs, and Philip Smith. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195377767.013.29.
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This article proposes a more serious engagement between the fields of cultural sociology and organizational sociology by studying how culture shapes daily organizational life and how, in turn, everyday activity can build up to large-scale cultural change. It argues that people’s everyday methods of coordinating action in organizations, no matter how mundane, are meaningful. To support its arguments, the article examines transformations of words’ meanings in everyday language use by looking at three examples, one from a study of changes in the publishing industry and the other two from a larger study of youth civic engagement projects in the United States. It also discusses the concept of typification, structuralism in practice, border disputes within organizations, and Jeffrey C. Alexander’s notion of “performance” within organizations. Finally, it considers the use of cultural sociology to see how people in organizations coordinate action.
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Oliveira, José Claudio Alves de, Ana Helena da Silva Delfino Duarte, Fabiano Lopes de Paula, Genivalda Cândido da Silva, and Gilson Magno dos Santos. Ex-votos do Brasil: Arte e folkcomunicação. Brazil Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31012/978-65-5861-221-6.
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The present work, published in 2016, comes from the Ex-Voto do Brasil Project, developed from 2005 to 2011, and sponsored by CNPq. It aimed at researching and analyzing ex-votos at the main Brazilian chapels of miracles, churches and museums in order to study the typology, iconography, iconology, grammar, discourse, social memory and multiple forms that, as testimonies or media, ex-votos carry messages and information from individual and collective issues. In this second revised edition, there are six narratives authored by researchers from Bahia, Goiás and Minas Gerais. They analyze ex-votos from the point of view of art, communication, history and linguistics. All authors are researchers at GREC - Study Group on Cybermuseums. The book is brilliantly presented by Dr. Caroline Perrée and Dr. Clarisse Prêtre (French researchers), and from Brazil, by Dr. Ednaldo Soares (researcher and writer), Dr. Karina Janz Woitowicz (researcher and journalist), and Dr. Maria Helena Ochi Matue Flexor (historian). Finally, it is also presented by Dr. Elin Luque Agraz (Mexican historian), who honorably shared with us her research and ideas about the innate wealth of ex votos, but passed away in 2018.
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Deruelle, Nathalie, and Jean-Philippe Uzan. The physics of black holes II. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198786399.003.0050.
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This chapter gives a brief description of Hawking radiation, which involves a combination of general relativity and quantum field theory and leads to a thermodynamical interpretation of the laws governing the evolution of black holes. The study of the Penrose process near a Kerr black hole leads to the conclusion that its irreducible mass can only increase. A similar but more general conclusion was reached by Hawking, who showed that the sum of the areas of the horizons of black holes interacting with matter can only increase, with the condition that the cosmic censorship hypothesis is valid and that the matter obeys the so-called weak energy condition. The chapter concludes with the Israel theorem, which allows one to argue that if gravitation is described by general relativity, then not only do black holes exist, but all black holes are represented by the Kerr–Schwarzschild solution.
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Janssen, Ted, Gervais Chapuis, and Marc de Boissieu. Aperiodic Crystals. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198824442.001.0001.
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Until the 1970s all materials studied consisted of periodic arrays of unit cells, or were amorphous. In the following decades a new class of solid state matter, called aperiodic crystals, has been found. It is a long-range ordered structure, but without lattice periodicity. It is found in a wide range of materials: organic and inorganic compounds, minerals (including a substantial portion of the earth’s crust), and metallic alloys, under various pressures and temperatures. Because of the lack of periodicity the usual techniques for the study of structure and physical properties no longer work, and new techniques have to be developed. This book deals with the characterization of the structure, the structure determination, and the study of the physical properties, especially the dynamical and electronic properties of aperiodic crystals. The treatment is based on a description in a space with more dimensions than three, the so-called superspace. This allows us to generalize the standard crystallography and to look differently at the dynamics. The three main classes of aperiodic crystals, modulated phases, incommensurate composites, and quasicrystals are treated from a unified point of view which stresses the similarities of the various systems. The book assumes as a prerequisite a knowledge of the fundamental techniques of crystallography and the theory of condensed matter, and covers the literature at the forefront of the field.
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Helzlsouer, Kathy J., and Arti Patel Varanasi. Enhancing Fidelity to Cancer Treatment Guidelines. Edited by David A. Chambers, Wynne E. Norton, and Cynthia A. Vinson. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190647421.003.0019.
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Cancer treatment has become increasingly complex with the rapid development of new therapies and treatment modalities. Guidelines for optimum cancer treatment are produced by several organizations, but ensuring that the patient receives the treatment requires both provider awareness and patient support to follow a complex treatment plan. An individual diagnosed with cancer must simultaneously come to terms with the diagnosis, make difficult shared decisions about treatment with his or her provider, and commence treatment in a matter of a few days or weeks. Ensuring optimum treatment is an increasingly complex process that involves multiple people and steps. Well-documented disparities exist in the receipt of and adherence to appropriate treatment by demographic and social factors, such as age, race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and geography. This case study provides an example of how the process of providing optimum cancer treatment may be improved through a technology-enhanced navigation program.
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Pfeiffer, Christian. A Remark on the Notion of Body. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198779728.003.0002.
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Aristotle uses the word ‘body’ in three interrelated, though distinct ways: it may refer to physical substances, to their matter, or to a three‐dimensionally extended magnitude, which belongs to the category of quantity. The present study is concerned with quantitative body. One ought to distinguish between an account of a physical substances as such, for instance, an account of what it is to be that kind of substance, and an analysis of what belongs to physical substances insofar as they are bodies. It concerns characteristics, such as extension, continuity, and boundaries, which a physical substance has in virtue of being a body.
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Fearn, David. Conclusion. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198746379.003.0006.
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The conclusion rounds out this study, summing up the importance of the approaches taken in relation to previous more historicizing models of Pindaric scholarship. Particular emphasis is placed on aesthetics and the importance of contextualizability: how Pindar’s poetry consistently draws attention to its own aesthetic status and makes an issue of its relation to contexts, through gesturing towards material culture and visual experience; how the interstices between lyric voices and contexts matter for a considered appreciation of epinician lyric’s cultural value. Potential future avenues for research are considered, both within the Pindaric corpus and beyond it, including further work on fifth-century prose (Herodotus and sophistic rhetoric in particular).
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Passy, Florence, and Gian-Andrea Monsch. Contentious Minds. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190078010.001.0001.
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Why does the mind matter for joint action? Contentious Minds is a comparative study of how cognitive and relational processes allow activists to sustain their commitment. With survey data and narratives of activists engaged in three commitment communities, the minds of activists involved in contentious politics are compared with those devoted to institutional and volunteering action. The book’s main argument is that activists of one commitment community have synchronized minds concerning the aim and means of their activism as they perceive common good (aim) and politics (means) through similar cognitive lenses. The book shows the importance of direct conversational contact with individuals in bringing about this synchronization. Assessing the synchronization within communities as well as the variation between them constitutes a major purpose of this book. It shows that activists construct and enact community-specific democratic cultures, thereby entering the public sphere through collective action. The book makes three major contributions. First, it emphasizes the necessity to return the study of the mind to research on activism, Second, it calls for an integrated relational perspective that rests on the structural, instrumental, and interpretative dimensions of social networks. Finally, it advocates a substantial integration of culture in the study of social movements by effectively valuing the role of culture in shaping a person’s mind.
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Davies, Stephen. Ontology of Art. Edited by Jerrold Levinson. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199279456.003.0008.
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Ontology is the study of the kinds of things there are in the world. The ontology of art considers the matter, form, and mode in which art exists. Works of art are social constructs in the sense that they are not natural kinds but human creations. The way we categorize them depends on our interests, and to that extent ontology is not easily separated from sociology and ideology. Nevertheless, some classifications and interests are likely to be more revealing of why and how art is created and appreciated. There are a number of traditional classifications of the arts, for instance in terms of their media (stone, words, sounds, paint, etc.), their species (sculpture, literature, music, drama, ballet, etc.), or their styles or contents (tragedy, comedy, surrealism, impressionism, etc.). The ontology of works of art does not map neatly on to these classifications, however.
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Fitzpatrick, Antonia. Thomas Aquinas on Bodily Identity. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198790853.001.0001.
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This is a study of the union of matter and the soul in human beings in the thought of the Dominican Thomas Aquinas. At first glance, this issue might appear arcane, but it was at the centre of Catholic polemic with heresy in the thirteenth century and of the development of medieval thought. The book argues that theological issues, especially the need for an identical body to be resurrected at the end of time, were vital to Aquinas’s account of how human beings are constituted. The book explores how theological questions shaped Aquinas’s thought on individuality and bodily identity over time, his embryology and understanding of heredity, his work on nutrition and bodily growth, and his fundamental conception of matter. It demonstrates how Aquinas used his peripatetic sources, Aristotle and Averroes, to further his own thinking. The book indicates how Aquinas’s thought on bodily identity became pivotal to university debates and relations between rival mendicant orders in the late thirteenth and early fourteenth centuries, and that quarrels surrounding these issues persisted into the fifteenth century. Not only is this a study of the interface between theology, biology, and physics in Aquinas’s thought; it also fundamentally revises the generally accepted view of Aquinas. Aquinas is famous for holding that the only substantial form in a human being is the soul; most scholars have therefore thought he located the identity of the individual in their soul. This book restores the body through a thorough examination of the range of Aquinas’s works.
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Bowler, Shaun, and Todd Donovan. State Direct Democracy. Edited by Donald P. Haider-Markel. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199579679.013.011.
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In this article, the authors assess the relationships between opinion, public policy, and state-level direct democracy. They argue that despite assumptions about dramatic effects of direct democracy on state policy, evidence on the matter is mixed and we know relatively little about how popular initiatives translate public opinion into policies. They examine the citizen initiative process in the context of the broader study of cross-state variation in policy and consider how initiatives might make policy more responsive to public opinion. Additionally, the authors evaluate the two-way relationship between state initiatives and national politics and how federal courts may constrain the initiative’s ability to shape policy. Directions for future research are explored in the conclusion.
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Leuchter, Mark. Jeremiah. Edited by Carolyn J. Sharp. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199859559.013.10.
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This chapter discusses the major issues surrounding the study of the book of Jeremiah in contemporary scholarship, with special attention given to the book’s rhetorical structure, the value of its contents as historical resources, and the matter of its text-critical variants and the implications of these variants for the book’s literary evolution. The question of the book’s Deuteronomistic profile is raised, with some suggestions regarding whether or not that profile should be assigned to a secondary recasting of sources. In addition, a number of assumptions and axioms are challenged, especially those concerning text-critical evaluations and the use of the book as a site of cultural memory regarding ancient Israel, its monarchic institutions, and the prophet Jeremiah himself.
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Kavokin, Alexey V., Jeremy J. Baumberg, Guillaume Malpuech, and Fabrice P. Laussy. Quantum description of light–matter coupling. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198782995.003.0005.
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In this chapter we study with the tools developed in Chapter 3 the basic models that are the foundations of light–matter interaction. We start with Rabi dynamics, then consider the optical Bloch equations that add phenomenologically the lifetime of the populations. As decay and pumping are often important, we cover the Lindblad form, a correct, simple and powerful way to describe various dissipation mechanisms. Then we go to a full quantum picture, quantizing also the optical field. We first investigate the simpler coupling of bosons and then culminate with the Jaynes–Cummings model and its solution to the quantum interaction of a two-level system with a cavity mode. Finally, we investigate a broader family of models where the material excitation operators differ from the ideal limits of a Bose and a Fermi field.
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Bender, Geoff, and Rasmus S. Simonsen, eds. Photography’s Materialities. Leuven University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.11116/9789461663764.
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There is little dispute that photography is a material practice, and that the photograph itself is ineluctably material. And yet “matter,” “material,” and “materiality” have proven to be remarkably elusive terms of inquiry, frequently producing studies that are disparate in scope, sharing seemingly little common ground. Although the wide methodological range of materialist study can be dizzying, it is this book’s contention that that multiplicity is also the field’s greatest asset, keeping materialist inquiry enduringly vibrant—provided that varying methods are in close enough proximity to converse. Photography’s Materialities orchestrates one such conversation. Juxtaposing the insights of theorists like Lacan, Benjamin, and Latour beside close studies of crime, spirit, and composite photography, among others, this collection aims for a productive synergy, one capacious enough to span transatlantic spaces over the long nineteenth century.
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Zangwill, Andrew. A Mind Over Matter. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198869108.001.0001.
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Philip W. Anderson (1923–2020) is widely regarded as one of the most accomplished and influential physicists of the second half of the twentieth century. Educated at Harvard, he served during World War II as a radar engineer, and began a thirty-five year career at Bell Laboratories in 1949. He was soon recognized as one of the pre-eminent theoretical physicists in the world, specializing in understanding the collective behavior of the vast number of atoms and electrons in a sample of solid matter. He won a one-third share of the 1977 Nobel Prize for Physics for his discovery of a phenomenon common to all waves in disordered matter called Anderson localization and the development of the Anderson impurity model to study magnetism. At Cambridge and Princeton Universities, Anderson led the way in transforming solid-state physics into the deep, subtle, and coherent discipline known today as condensed matter physics. He developed the concepts of broken symmetry and emergence and championed the concept of complexity as an organizing principle to attack difficult problems inside and outside physics. In 1971, Anderson was the first scientist to challenge the claim of high-energy particle physicists that their work was the most deserving of federal funding. Later, he testified before Congress opposing the Superconducting Super Collider particle accelerator. Anderson was a dominant figure in his field for almost fifty years. At an age when most scientists think about retirement, he made a brilliant contribution to many-electron theory and applied it to a novel class of high-temperature superconductors.
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Clasen, Mathias. Sizing Up the Beast. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190666507.003.0002.
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Horror fiction has been a legitimate object of academic study for several decades now. There are many competing theoretical approaches to horror and the Gothic, but the most prevalent approaches are seriously flawed. Constructivist approaches, which see horror as a product of historical circumstance, ignore the genre’s psychological and biological underpinnings and its deep history. Horror stretches back in time beyond the Gothic novel through folk tales to earlier oral narratives. Psychoanalytical approaches, which build on Freud’s theories of psychology, are scientifically obsolete and have a distorting effect on the subject matter, reducing horror to representations of psychosexual complexes. The chapter critically discusses existing approaches to horror, as well as horror as an affectively defined genre, and it argues for a consilient, biocultural approach which integrates other viable approaches within a framework based on biology and which builds on current social science.
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Moreno-Lax, Violeta. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198701002.003.0001.
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This chapter presents the subject matter under scrutiny and provides a historical account of the development of extraterritorial strategies of migration management in Europe, coinciding with parallel changes in refugee movements and the composition of migratory flows on the global scale. The objective and research questions the study seeks to address are also introduced, together with a description of the methodology underpinning the research. In particular, the ‘cumulative standards’ or ‘integrated interpretation’ model employed to construe EU Charter of Fundamental Rights standards is canvassed. The concept of ‘jurisdiction’ and the alternative ‘Fransson paradigm’ applicable to interpret the scope of application of EU law is also briefly defined. The structure of the book is outlined at the end, providing an overview of the different chapters and their interrelation.
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Carlip, Steven. General Relativity. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198822158.001.0001.
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This work is a short textbook on general relativity and gravitation, aimed at readers with a broad range of interests in physics, from cosmology to gravitational radiation to high energy physics to condensed matter theory. It is an introductory text, but it has also been written as a jumping-off point for readers who plan to study more specialized topics. As a textbook, it is designed to be usable in a one-quarter course (about 25 hours of instruction), and should be suitable for both graduate students and advanced undergraduates. The pedagogical approach is “physics first”: readers move very quickly to the calculation of observational predictions, and only return to the mathematical foundations after the physics is established. The book is mathematically correct—even nonspecialists need to know some differential geometry to be able to read papers—but informal. In addition to the “standard” topics covered by most introductory textbooks, it contains short introductions to more advanced topics: for instance, why field equations are second order, how to treat gravitational energy, what is required for a Hamiltonian formulation of general relativity. A concluding chapter discusses directions for further study, from mathematical relativity to experimental tests to quantum gravity.
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Haughton, Hugh. Oscar Wilde. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198737827.003.0017.
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Unlike his mentor Pater, Wilde never wrote an essay on ‘Style’, but this chapter argues that Wilde’s career as essayist, playwright, poet, and intellectual provocateur hinges on his advocacy of style as both instrument and end in itself. A self-conscious stylist in all things, Wilde’s work creates a dizzying hall of mirrors which undermines mirror theories of art and language. By putting the critical notion of style at the centre of his dialectical prose, this study argues that Wilde transforms contemporary debates about both aestheticism and philosophy, as when he asserts in his dialogue ‘The Decay of Lying’ that ‘Truth is entirely and absolutely a matter of style’. On his principle that ‘our one duty to history is to re-write it’, Wilde’s unmelancholy essays playfully rewrite aesthetic, philosophical, and cultural history by reviewing them through the lens of his own style, making him the representative critic of his age.
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Succi, Sauro. Stochastic Particle Dynamics. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199592357.003.0009.
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Dense fluids and liquids molecules are in constant interaction; hence, they do not fit into the Boltzmann’s picture of a clearcut separation between free-streaming and collisional interactions. Since the interactions are soft and do not involve large scattering angles, an effective way of describing dense fluids is to formulate stochastic models of particle motion, as pioneered by Einstein’s theory of Brownian motion and later extended by Paul Langevin. Besides its practical value for the study of the kinetic theory of dense fluids, Brownian motion bears a central place in the historical development of kinetic theory. Among others, it provided conclusive evidence in favor of the atomistic theory of matter. This chapter introduces the basic notions of stochastic dynamics and its connection with other important kinetic equations, primarily the Fokker–Planck equation, which bear a complementary role to the Boltzmann equation in the kinetic theory of dense fluids.