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de Almeida-Neto, Paulo Francisco, Paulo Moreira Silva Dantas, Vanessa Carla Monteiro Pinto, Tatianny de Macêdo Cesário, Nathália Monastirski Ribeiro Campos, Eduardo Estevan Santana, Dihogo Gama de Matos, Felipe J. Aidar, and Breno Guilherme de Araújo Tinoco Cabral. "Biological Maturation and Hormonal Markers, Relationship to Neuromotor Performance in Female Children." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 9 (May 8, 2020): 3277. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17093277.
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Background: Mechanisms that influence muscle strength can interfere with neuromotor performance and overall health, thus hormone markers and maturation can interact in this process. Objective: The present study aimed to verify the relationship of hormonal markers and biological maturation on neuromotor abilities in young people. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with 44 female participants (11.5 ± 1.5 years). Hormones were analyzed biochemically. Skeletal and somatic maturation were analyzed using anthropometry. The muscular power of the upper and lower limbs, body speed with change of direction, and speed of the upper limbs were verified. Results: Bone age was correlated with hormonal markers (estradiol: r = 0.58; p = 0.0007), (testosterone: r = 0.51; p = 0.005). Peak growth velocity correlated with estradiol (r = 0.51; p = 0.004). The power of the lower limbs (estradiol: r = 0.52; p = 0.006; testosterone: r = 0.42; p = 0.03) and of the upper limbs (estradiol: r = 0.51; p = 0.007; testosterone: r = 0.42; p = 0.02) had a positive correlation with hormone levels and had similar results with maturation. The analysis by artificial neural networks indicated that the maturation can predict the neuromotor performance between 57.4% and 76%, while the hormonal markers showed a potential of more than 95% for the foreshadowing of the neuromotor performance of the upper limbs. Conclusion: It was possible to conclude that the hormones had a relationship with maturational development and bone age in female subjects.
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Chattergoon, Natasha N. "Thyroid hormone signaling and consequences for cardiac development." Journal of Endocrinology 242, no. 1 (July 2019): T145—T160. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/joe-18-0704.
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The fetal heart undergoes its own growth and maturation stages all while supplying blood and nutrients to the growing fetus and its organs. Immature contractile cardiomyocytes proliferate to rapidly increase and establish cardiomyocyte endowment in the perinatal period. Maturational changes in cellular maturation, size and biochemical capabilities occur, and require, a changing hormonal environment as the fetus prepares itself for the transition to extrauterine life. Thyroid hormone has long been known to be important for neuronal development, but also for fetal size and survival. Fetal circulating 3,5,3′-triiodothyronine (T3) levels surge near term in mammals and are responsible for maturation of several organ systems, including the heart. Growth factors like insulin-like growth factor-1 stimulate proliferation of fetal cardiomyocytes, while thyroid hormone has been shown to inhibit proliferation and drive maturation of the cells. Several cell signaling pathways appear to be involved in this complicated and coordinated process. The aim of this review was to discuss the foundational studies of thyroid hormone physiology and the mechanisms responsible for its actions as we speculate on potential fetal programming effects for cardiovascular health.
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Almeida-Neto, Paulo Francisco de, Dihogo Gama de Matos, Vanessa Carla Monteiro Pinto, Paulo Moreira Silva Dantas, Tatianny de Macêdo Cesário, Luíz Felipe da Silva, Alexandre Bulhões-Correia, Felipe José Aidar, and Breno Guilherme de Araújo Tinôco Cabral. "Can the Neuromuscular Performance of Young Athletes Be Influenced by Hormone Levels and Different Stages of Puberty?" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 16 (August 5, 2020): 5637. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17165637.
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Background: Endocrine mechanisms can be a determining factor in the neuromuscular performance of young athletes. Objective: The objective of the present study was to relate maturational and hormonal markers to neuromuscular performance, as well as to verify whether young athletes with different testosterone levels show differences in muscle strength. Methods: The sample consisted of 37 young male Brazilian athletes (11.3 ± 0.94 years) who were members of a sports initiation project. Hormonal markers were analyzed biochemically by blood samples, and maturation markers by mathematical models based on anthropometry. Body composition was verified by tetrapolar bioimpedance. The performance of upper and lower limb strength and body speed were analyzed. Results: Hormonal and maturational markers were related to neuromuscular performance (p < 0.05). Young people with higher testosterone levels showed higher muscle strength (p < 0.05). Artificial neural networks showed that testosterone predicted the performance of upper limbs by 49%, and maturation by 60%. Maturation foreshadowed the performance of lower limbs by 30.3%. Conclusion: Biological maturation and hormonal levels can be related to neuromuscular performance, and young people with higher testosterone levels show superior muscle strength in relation to the others.
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Zenkevičs, Henriks, and Vija Vose. "Frog oocyte in vitro maturation test as a method to investigate Ni2+ toxicity." Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B. Natural, Exact, and Applied Sciences. 65, no. 1-2 (January 1, 2011): 29–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10046-011-0015-3.
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Frog oocyte in vitro maturation test as a method to investigate Ni2+ toxicity The ability of gonadotropic hormone (GTH) of sturgeon fish Acipenser göldenstödti Br. to initiate a specific stimulatory effect on grass frog Rana temporaria L. oocytes, producing its in vitro maturation, was employed as a method to investigate the effect of nickel ion concentration on test oocytes in a highly sensitive test system, "Oocyte-GTH". Oocytes of four frogs with different hormone sensitivity were used in the investigation. It was shown that Ni2+ at a concentration of 0.1 mg/L produced a considerable stimulatory effect only in test frog oocytes with low hormonal sensitivity and maturation activity, while a Ni2+ concentration over 0.25 mg/L caused a significant decrease and produced even total blocking of the hormonal sensitivity and maturation ability of all oocytes, regardless of their initial hormonal sensitivity. The frog oocyte maturation test was shown to be a useful method to assess toxic effect of Ni2+ on water frog reproduction.
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Pinto, Vanessa Carla Monteiro, Petrus Gantois Massa Dias dos Santos, Rafaela Catherine Da Silva Cunha de Medeiros, Francisco Emílio Simplício Souza, Thaisys Blanc dos Santos Simões, Renata Poliane Nacer de Carvalho Dantas, and Breno Guilherme De Araújo Tinôco Cabral. "Maturational stages: comparison of growth and physical capacity indicators in adolescents." Journal of Human Growth and Development 28, no. 1 (March 12, 2018): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.7322/jhgd.127411.
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Introduction: The identification of physical capacity is an important marker related to healthy behavior during childhood and adolescence, in which some factors appear to contribute to motor performance such as maturation and hormonal levels. Objective: To compare growth indicators, physical capacity and hormonal markers according to gender and maturational stage in adolescents. Methods: Eighty-nine adolescents of both genders aged 10-13 years participated in the study. Sexual maturation was evaluated using the Tanner’s self-evaluation method. Physical capacity (explosive strength of upper and lower limbs, upper limb velocity and agility) and hormonal markers (testosterone and estradiol) were evaluated through the chemiluminescence method. Results: In the comparison by gender, girls had higher weight (p = 0.023), height (p = 0.018) and fat percentage values (p = 0.001), while boys presented better motor performance for the explosive strength of upper limbs (p = 0.005) and lower limbs (p = 0.011), agility (0.018) and upper limb velocity (p = 0.014). Regarding maturational stage, boys did not present differences in any variable analyzed; (Stage V versus I), height (stage III, IV and V versus I) and upper limb explosive strength (stage III and IV versus I). Conclusion: Growth, weight and height, as well as explosive strength of upper limbs were higher in girls at more advanced maturational stages and appear to be gender dependent.
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Pinto, Vanessa Carla Monteiro, Petrus Gantois Massa Dias dos Santos, Matheus Peixoto Dantas, João Paulo De Freitas Araújo, Suzet De Araújo Tinoco Cabral, and Breno Guilherme De Araújo Tinoco Cabral. "Relationship between bone age, hormonal markers and physical capacity in adolescents." Journal of Human Growth and Development 27, no. 1 (April 13, 2017): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.7322/jhgd.127658.
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Introduction: Physical capabilities are an important parameter of the functional development of adolescents, not only by chronological age but also by their maturational state, as individuals with the same chronological age can have different performance to their less mature counterparts. Objective: To compare and relate the physical capabilities and hormonal markers according to sex and maturity of adolescents. Method: The sample consisted of adolescents of both sexes, aged 10 to 14 years. We evaluated the maturity achieved by a predictive equation of skeletal age, physical capabilities (explosive power of upper and lower limbs, velocity of upper limbs and agility) and hormonal markers (testosterone and oestradiol) via chemiluminescence. Results: Females showed more advanced maturational status, higher weight, body height and oestradiol levels; males performed better in the explosive force of upper and lower limbs, upper limb speed, agility and testosterone levels. In the normal maturational state males showed greater skeletal age, body weight, body height, explosive strength of upper and lower limbs, and testosterone levels; the females in the normal maturational state had higher skeletal age, body weight, body height, explosive upper limb strength and oestradiol levels. In the male correlation analysis, bone age was related to the explosive strength of upper and lower limbs and testosterone; while bone age in females was related to explosive upper limb strength and oestradiol. Conclusion: It is concluded that maturation, testosterone and oestradiol levels play an important role in the physical aspects and performance of motor skills of adolescents, especially in upper limb force which was more related to the maturation obtained by skeletal age of males and females.
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Fui Fui, Ching, Gunzo Kawamura, Kazuhiko Anraku, Bensan Ali, Nabilah Zieha Sikh Mohamad, and Shigeharu Senoo. "Degeneration of the olfactory epithelium in the Anguilid eels by hormone treatment." Borneo Journal of Marine Science and Aquaculture (BJoMSA) 3, no. 2 (December 10, 2019): 48–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.51200/bjomsa.v3i2.1426.
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While the olfactory cue hypothesis has been proposed for spawning migration of silver eels, it has been shown that olfactory cells and associated mucus cells degenerate in male and female eels after hormonally induced sexual maturation. However, the degeneration of the olfactory organ could be a real event in the sequence of maturation, or may be an unnatural side effect of the hormone treatment itself. We morphologically and histologically examined the olfactory rosettes of hormone-untreated and hormone-treated (mixture of hCG and PG) giant mottled eel (Anguilla marmorata) and Japanese eel (A. japonica). The olfactory rosette from all the hormone-treated specimens significantly degenerated at various degeneration levels even in sexually immature specimens, indicating the side effect of the hormone-treatment. However, a sexually immature non-hormone treated female A. marmorata (87.4 cm TL, 199.4 g BW, at less advanced maturity) had slightly degenerated olfactory rosette. Further studies should focus on conducting natural degeneration of the olfactory rosette during the sexual maturation in tropical eels.
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Fui Fui, Ching, Gunzo Kawamura, Kazuhiko Anraku, Bensan Ali, Nabilah Zieha Sikh Mohamad, and Shigeharu Senoo. "Degeneration of the olfactory epithelium in the Anguilid eels by hormone treatment." Borneo Journal of Marine Science and Aquaculture (BJoMSA) 3, no. 2 (December 10, 2019): 48–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.51200/bjomsa.v3i2.1426.
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While the olfactory cue hypothesis has been proposed for spawning migration of silver eels, it has been shown that olfactory cells and associated mucus cells degenerate in male and female eels after hormonally induced sexual maturation. However, the degeneration of the olfactory organ could be a real event in the sequence of maturation, or may be an unnatural side effect of the hormone treatment itself. We morphologically and histologically examined the olfactory rosettes of hormone-untreated and hormone-treated (mixture of hCG and PG) giant mottled eel (Anguilla marmorata) and Japanese eel (A. japonica). The olfactory rosette from all the hormone-treated specimens significantly degenerated at various degeneration levels even in sexually immature specimens, indicating the side effect of the hormone-treatment. However, a sexually immature non-hormone treated female A. marmorata (87.4 cm TL, 199.4 g BW, at less advanced maturity) had slightly degenerated olfactory rosette. Further studies should focus on conducting natural degeneration of the olfactory rosette during the sexual maturation in tropical eels.
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Gupta, Neena, Vangipuram Dwarakanath, and Michel Baum. "Maturation of the Na+/H+ antiporter (NHE3) in the proximal tubule of the hypothyroid adrenalectomized rat." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 287, no. 3 (September 2004): F521—F527. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00005.2004.
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In previous studies examining the role of glucocorticoids and thyroid hormone on the maturation of the Na+/H+ antiporter (NHE3), we found attenuation in the maturational increase in proximal tubule apical Na+/H+ antiporter activity but no change in NHE3 mRNA abundance in either glucocorticoid-deficient or hypothyroid rats. In addition, prevention of the maturational increase in either hormone failed to totally prevent the maturational increase in Na+/H+ antiporter activity. We hypothesized that one hormone played a compensatory role when the other was deficient. The present study examined whether combined deficiency of thyroid and glucocorticoid hormones would completely prevent the maturation of the Na+/H+ antiporter. Adrenalectomy was performed in 9-day-old hypothyroid Sprague-Dawley rats, a time before the normal postnatal maturational increase in these hormones occurs. Nine- and 30-day-old adrenalectomized (ADX), hypothyroid rats had comparable NHE3 mRNA abundance, which was 5- to 10-fold less than 30-day-old ADX, hypothyroid rats that received corticosterone-thyroxine replacement and 30-day-old sham control rats ( P < 0.05). Brush-border membrane NHE3 protein abundance was comparable in 9- and 30-day-old ADX, hypothyroid groups and ∼20-fold lower than both the 30-day replacement and 30-day sham groups ( P < 0.05). Similarly, the replacement and sham groups had higher sodium-dependent proton secretion than 9- and 30-day-old ADX, hypothyroid groups ( P < 0.05). We conclude that combined deficiency of both hormones totally prevents the maturational increase in NHE3 mRNA and protein abundance and Na+/H+ antiporter activity.
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Wu, Xiufeng, Ramamani Arumugam, Ningning Zhang, and Mary M. Lee. "Androgen profiles during pubertal Leydig cell development in mice." REPRODUCTION 140, no. 1 (July 2010): 113–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep-09-0349.
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Postnatal Leydig cell (LC) development in mice has been assumed empirically to resemble that of rats, which have characteristic hormonal profiles at well-defined maturational stages. To characterize the changes in LC function and gene expression in mice, we examined reproductive hormone expression from birth to 180 days, and quantified in vivo and in vitro production of androgens during sexual maturation. Although the overall plasma androgen and LH profiles from birth through puberty were comparable to that of rats, the timing of developmental changes in androgen production and steroidogenic capacity of isolated LCs differed. In mice, onset of androgen biosynthetic capacity, distinguished by an acute rise in androstenedione and testosterone production and an increased expression of the steroidogenic enzymes, cytochrome P450 cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme and 17α-hydroxylase, occurred at day 24 (d24) rather than at d21 as reported in rats. Moreover, in contrast to persistently high testosterone production by pubertal and adult rat LCs, testosterone production was maximal at d45 in mice, and then declined in mature LCs. The murine LCs also respond more robustly to LH stimulation, with a greater increment in LH-stimulated testosterone production. Collectively, these data suggest that the mouse LC lineage has a delayed onset, and that it has an accelerated pace of maturation compared with the rat LC lineage. Across comparable maturational stages, LCs exhibit species-specific developmental changes in enzyme expression and capacity for androgen production. Our results demonstrate distinct differences in LC differentiation between mice and rats, and provide informative data for assessing reproductive phenotypes of recombinant mouse models.
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Blanes-García, Marta, Pablo García-Salinas, Marina Morini, Luz Pérez, Juan F. Asturiano, and Victor Gallego. "Using Osmotic Pumps to Induce the Production of Gametes in Male and Female European Eels." Animals 12, no. 3 (February 5, 2022): 387. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12030387.
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The European eel (Anguilla anguilla) is a commercially valued species for aquaculture. Over the past decades, it has experienced a drastic reduction in its natural stocks. Thus, breeding in captivity is considered essential, nowadays, to guarantee the eel aquaculture and to reduce pressure on natural populations. Traditionally, the European eel has been sexually matured by means of weekly hormonal injections, which cause stress to the fish. The purpose of this research study was to assess the use of osmotic pumps as a new method to induce sexual maturation in male and female European eels, without the weekly injection. The control groups were treated with weekly hormone injections (recombinant human chorionic gonadotropin for males and carp pituitary extract for females), and the implanted groups were treated with osmotic pumps (ALZET® osmotic pumps) loaded with the respective hormones. Regarding male European eels, this study shows that the use of controlled release systems was able to induce the maturation and spermiation, but without the necessary capacity to produce enough gametes with acceptable quality parameters that could meet the needs of a commercial eel hatchery. Concerning female European eels, the study demonstrates that the use of osmotic pumps loaded with CPE became an effective method, generating early maturations (4 to 10 weeks) in 50% of the females, so this method could become a viable alternative for eel hatchery procedures.
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Seraspe, Ebonia B. "Cyclic adenosine 3’5’monophosphate (cAMP) regulates meiotic maturation in goldfish oocytes Carassius auratus (Teleostei: Cyprinidae)." Journal of Aquaculture & Marine Biology 12, no. 2 (2023): 170–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/jamb.2023.12.00370.
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A good understanding of the mechanism of oocyte development and maturation, and the regulatory factors involved therein are important for the success of a breeding program especially of species used in aquaculture. It is crucial in a breeding program for females to supply high quality mature oocytes, which is generally achieved by fine-tuning oocyte meiotic arrest and resumption progression. Therefore, knowledge of the oocyte maturation process is fundamental for the development of methodologies to increase the success of fish production in aquaculture. TheFigure regulations of oocyte maturation still are not totally understood. The hypothesis whether elevated levels or a drop in intraoocyte cAMP triggers resumption of meiotic maturation was investigated in denuded goldfish oocytes. In the presence of agents that elevate cAMP like forskolin, dibutyryl cAMP, isobutyl methylxanthine, maturation of denuded oocytes was inhibited. Whereas 2’deoxyadenosine-3-monophosphate, an inhibitor of adenylate cyclase promoted oocyte maturation. Forskolin decreased spontaneous maturation as well as hormone-induced maturation of goldfish oocytes. At 10 µM forskolin added up to 4 h after hormonal stimulation completely inhibited oocyte maturation. Beyond 4 h, however, when oocyte maturation had already started, forskolin can no longer inhibit maturation. Intraoocyte cAMP assayed in denuded oocytes with or without hormonal stimulation decreased immediately within 30 minutes. With forskolin, it did not cause a significant decrease in cAMP not until at 4 h. The results were consistent with the findings that elevated levels of cAMP maintain meiotic arrest while a decrease in cAMP is necessary and sufficient to trigger resumption of meiotic maturation.
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Nguyen, Thien Q., Anna B. Kisiala, Nguyen Ngoc Hai, Suresh Narine, and R. J. Neil Emery. "Phytohormone dynamics impact fatty acid and oil accumulation during soybean seed maturation." Seed Science Research 31, no. 4 (November 9, 2021): 278–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960258521000192.
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AbstractFatty acid (FA) levels and profiles are vital for soybean oil quality, while cytokinins (CKs) and abscisic acid (ABA) are potent regulators of plant growth and development. Previous research suggested associations between FA biosynthesis and hormonal signalling networks; however, hormonal regulation of FA accumulation during soybean (Glycine max) seed maturation has never been measured. We analysed hormone and FA profiles obtained from HPLC-(ESI)-MS/MS and GC-FID screening during soybean seed maturation. A multilayered data processing approach, involving heat-maps, principal component analysis (PCA), correlation and multiregression models, suggested a strong relationship between hormone metabolism and FA/oil accumulation during seed maturation. Most strikingly, positive correlations were found between the levels of CK ribosides [transZeatin riboside (tZR), N6-isopentenyladenosine (iPR)] at the early stages of SM (R5-R6) and C18:0, C18:2 and oil content at the R8 stage. Moreover, multiple regression models revealed functional linkages between several CK derivatives and FA and oil content in mature seeds. To further test the significance of hormone regulation in FA metabolism, plants of two soybean accessions with contrasting hormone and FA profiles were sprayed with exogenous ABA and transZeatin (tZ) during the seed-filling period (R5-R6). Depending on the hormone type and concentration, these treatments distinctly modified biosynthesis of all tested FAs, except for C18:0. Most remarkably, tZ (50 nM) promoted production of C16:0, C18:1, C18:2, C18:3, and oil accumulation in maturing seeds. Overall, the results indicate impactful roles for ABA and CKs in FA accumulation during SM and represent a further step towards understanding FA biosynthesis, and potential improvements of soybean oil profiles.
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Pankhurst, N. W. "Final maturation and ovulation of oocytes of the goldeye, Hiodon alosoides (Rafinesque), in vitro." Canadian Journal of Zoology 63, no. 5 (May 1, 1985): 1003–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z85-149.
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Oocytes from preovulatory goldeye were cultured in vitro and final maturation was observed in response to treatment with piscine gonadotropins (GtH) and progestational steroids. Final maturation consisted of nuclear migration and breakdown, and coalescence of yolk material to form a single large oil droplet. Both events were under hormonal control with median effective dose values of 1–5 μg∙mL−1 for piscine GtH and 0.1–0.6 μg∙mL−1 for pregnenolone, progesterone, 17αOH pregnenolone, 17αOH progesterone, and 17α,20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one. Neither cortisol nor triiodothyronine potentiated the effects of GtH or progestogens, and both were ineffective alone as was human chorionic gonadotropin. Ovulation was observed in some treatments with GtH, and prostaglandin F2α salt stimulated ovulation of oocytes matured with GtH or 17α,20β-dihydroxyprogesterone. A synthetic analogue of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone, LH-RHA, had no effect on maturation or ovulation, in contrast to its inhibitory action on GtH-stimulated steroid production in mammals. Follicles from fish in mid and late stages of vitellogenesis were unresponsive to hormone treatment in vitro.
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Penix, Jonathon, R. Anthony DeFazio, Eden A. Dulka, Santiago Schnell, and Suzanne M. Moenter. "Firing patterns of gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons are sculpted by their biologic state." Royal Society Open Science 7, no. 8 (August 2020): 201040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.201040.
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Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons form the final pathway for the central neuronal control of fertility. GnRH is released in pulses that vary in frequency in females, helping drive hormonal changes of the reproductive cycle. In the common fertility disorder polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), persistent high-frequency hormone release is associated with disrupted cycles. We investigated long- and short-term action potential patterns of GnRH neurons in brain slices before and after puberty in female control and prenatally androgenized (PNA) mice, which mimic aspects of PCOS. A Monte Carlo (MC) approach was used to randomize action potential interval order. Dataset distributions were analysed to assess (i) if organization persists in GnRH neuron activity in vitro , and (ii) to determine if any organization changes with development and/or PNA treatment. GnRH neurons in adult control, but not PNA, mice produce long-term patterns different from MC distributions. Short-term patterns differ from MC distributions before puberty but become absorbed into the distributions with maturation, and the distributions narrow. These maturational changes are blunted by PNA treatment. Firing patterns of GnRH neurons in brain slices thus maintain organization dictated at least in part by the biologic status of the source and are disrupted in models of disease.
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Shah, Mehul, Raymond Quigley, and Michel Baum. "Maturation of proximal straight tubule NaCl transport: role of thyroid hormone." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 278, no. 4 (April 1, 2000): F596—F602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.2000.278.4.f596.
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We have recently demonstrated that the rates of both active and passive proximal straight tubule (PST) NaCl transport in neonatal rabbits were less than in adults. In this segment NaCl entry across the apical membrane is via parallel Na+/H+ and Cl−/OH− exchangers, which increases in activity with maturation. The present in vitro microperfusion study examined whether thyroid hormone plays a role in the maturational increase in PST NaCl transport. Neonatal and adult PST were perfused with a high-chloride-low bicarbonate solution without organic solutes, simulating late proximal tubule fluid. Thyroid hormone-treated neonates had a higher rate of PST total and passive NaCl transport. In 8-wk-old animals that were hypothyroid since birth, the maturational increase in total and passive NaCl transport was prevented. Thyroid treatment for 4 days in hypothyroid 8-wk-old rabbits increased the rate of both total and passive NaCl transport. The maturational increases in both Na+/H+ and Cl−/OH− exchange activities were blunted in 8-wk-old hypothyroid animals and increased to control levels with thyroid treatment. This study demonstrates that thyroid hormone is a factor responsible for the maturational increase in both active and passive PST NaCl transport.
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Israel, E. J., K. Y. Pang, P. R. Harmatz, and W. A. Walker. "Structural and functional maturation of rat gastrointestinal barrier with thyroxine." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 252, no. 6 (June 1, 1987): G762—G767. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1987.252.6.g762.
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It has been noted that the closure of the intestinal barrier to immunoglobulins is a normal maturational process in the rat. It has also been noted that the microvillus membrane (MVM) of newborn animals differs from adult MVM. The purpose of this study is to document whether thyroid hormone can induce closure in vivo in the rat and to relate this effect of thyroxine to the structural and functional maturation of the intestinal MVM. To assess closure, 2-wk-old rats were fed a rat immunoglobulin G (IgG), and serum antibody binding activity was measured 4 h later. The antibody binding activity of treated animals (T) was 1.5-2 times less than that of controls (C) (P less than 0.001), indicating that thyroxine stimulates closure. The MVM similarly showed signs of maturation. Structural maturation was demonstrated by the lower fluidity of the thyroid-treated animals' membranes. Under the influence of thyroxine, the number of receptors on the MVM for IgG had decreased [2.8 X 10(-7) M (C) vs. 1.7 X 10(-7) M (T)], while the Ka remained the same, demonstrating the functional maturation of the MVM. In conclusion, thyroid hormone can induce both structural and functional maturation of the intestinal MVM and can enhance the intestinal mucosal barrier by decreasing the penetration of antibodies.
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Podhorec, P., and J. Kouril. "Induction of final oocyte maturation in Cyprinidae fish by hypothalamic factors: a review." Veterinární Medicína 54, No. 3 (April 8, 2009): 97–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/50/2009-vetmed.
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Gonadotropin-releasing hormone in Cyprinidae as in other Vertebrates functions as a brain signal which stimulates the secretion of luteinizing hormone from the pituitary gland. Two forms of gonadotropin-releasing hormone have been identified in cyprinids, chicken gonadotropin-releasing hormone II and salmon gonadotropin-releasing hormone. Hypohysiotropic functions are fulfilled mainly by salmon gonadotropin-releasing hormone. The only known factor having an inhibitory effect on LH secretion in the family Cyprinidae is dopamine. Most cyprinids reared under controlled conditions exhibit signs of reproductive dysfunction, which is manifested in the failure to undergo final oocyte maturation and ovulation. In captivity a disruption of endogenous gonadotropin-releasing hormone stimulation occurs and sequentially that of luteinizing hormone, which is indispensible for the final phases of gametogenesis. In addition to methods based on the application of exogenous gonadotropins, the usage of a method functioning on the basis of hypothalamic control of final oocyte maturation and ovulation has become popular recently. The replacement of natural gonadotropin-releasing hormones with chemically synthesized gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues characterized by amino acid substitutions at positions sensitive to enzymatic degradation has resulted in a centuple increase in the effectiveness of luteinizing hormone secretion induction. Combining gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues with Dopamine inhibitory factors have made it possible to develop an extremely effective agent, which is necessary for the successful artificial reproduction of cyprinids.
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NAVOT, DANIEL, TED L. ANDERSON, KATHLEEN DROESCH, RICHARD T. SCOTT, DAVID KREINER, and ZEV ROSENWAKS. "Hormonal Manipulation of Endometrial Maturation." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 68, no. 4 (April 1989): 801–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jcem-68-4-801.
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Ballard, Philip L. "Hormonal control of lung maturation." Baillière's Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 3, no. 3 (November 1989): 723–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0950-351x(89)80051-5.
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Gouty-Colomer, Laurie-Anne, Pierre-François Méry, Emilie Storme, Elodie Gavois, Iain C. Robinson, Nathalie C. Guérineau, Patrice Mollard, and Michel G. Desarménien. "Specific Involvement of Gonadal Hormones in the Functional Maturation of Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone (GHRH) Neurons." Endocrinology 151, no. 12 (October 6, 2010): 5762–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2010-0298.
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Growth hormone (GH) is the key hormone involved in the regulation of growth and metabolism, two functions that are highly modulated during infancy. GH secretion, controlled mainly by GH releasing hormone (GHRH), has a characteristic pattern during postnatal development that results in peaks of blood concentration at birth and puberty. A detailed knowledge of the electrophysiology of the GHRH neurons is necessary to understand the mechanisms regulating postnatal GH secretion. Here, we describe the unique postnatal development of the electrophysiological properties of GHRH neurons and their regulation by gonadal hormones. Using GHRH-eGFP mice, we demonstrate that already at birth, GHRH neurons receive numerous synaptic inputs and fire large and fast action potentials (APs), consistent with effective GH secretion. Concomitant with the GH secretion peak occurring at puberty, these neurons display modifications of synaptic input properties, decrease in AP duration, and increase in a transient voltage-dependant potassium current. Furthermore, the modulation of both the AP duration and voltage-dependent potassium current are specifically controlled by gonadal hormones because gonadectomy prevented the maturation of these active properties and hormonal treatment restored it. Thus, GHRH neurons undergo specific developmental modulations of their electrical properties over the first six postnatal weeks, in accordance with hormonal demand. Our results highlight the importance of the interaction between the somatotrope and gonadotrope axes during the establishment of adapted neuroendocrine functions.
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Toranzo, G. Sánchez, F. Bonilla, L. Zelarayán, J. Oterino, and M. I. Bühler. "Effect of insulin on spontaneous and progesterone-induced GVBD on Bufo arenarum denuded oocytes." Zygote 12, no. 3 (August 2004): 185–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0967199404002709.
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Progesterone is considered as the physiological steroid hormone that triggers meiosis reinitiation in amphibian oocytes. Nevertheless, isolated oocytes can be induced to undergo germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) in a saline medium by means of treatment with various hormones or inducing agents such as other steroid hormones, insulin or an insulin-like growth factor. It has been demonstrated that Bufo arenarum oocytes obtained during the reproductive period (spring–summer) resume meiosis with no need of an exogenous hormonal stimulus if deprived of their enveloping follicle cells, a phenomenon called spontaneous maturation. This study was undertaken to evaluate the participation of the purine and phosphoinositide pathway in the insulin-induced maturation of oocytes competent and incompetent to mature spontaneously, as well as to determine whether the activation of the maturation promoting factor (MPF) involved the activation of cdc25 phosphatase in Bufo arenarum denuded oocytes. Our results indicate that insulin was able to induce GBVD in oocytes incompetent to mature spontaneously and to enhance spontaneous and progesterone-induced maturation. In addition, high intracellular levels of purines such as cAMP or guanosine can reversibly inhibit the progesterone and insulin-induced maturation process in Bufo arenarum as well as spontaneous maturation. Assays of the inhibition of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) hydrolysis and its turnover by neomycin and lithium chloride respectively exhibited a different response in insulin- or progesterone-treated oocytes, suggesting that phosphoinositide turnover or hydrolysis of PIP2 is involved in progesterone- but not in insulin-induced maturation. In addition, the inhibitory effect of vanadate suggests that an inactive pre-maturation promoting factor (pre-MPF), activated by dephosphorylation of Thr-14 and Tyr-15 on p34cdc2, is present in Bufo arenarum full-grown oocytes; this step would be common to both spontaneous and hormone-induced maturation. The data presented here strongly suggest that insulin initiates at the cell surface a chain of events leading to GVBD. However, our studies point to the existence of certain differences between the steroid and the peptide hormone pathways, although both involve the decrease in intracellular levels of cAMP, the activation of phosphodiesterase (PDE) and the activation of pre-MPF.
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Liggins, GC. "Thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH) and lung maturation." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 7, no. 3 (1995): 443. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd9950443.
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Clinical trials of thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH) in conjunction with antepartum glucocorticoid treatment in the prevention of respiratory distress syndrome is based on experimental evidence that fetal lung maturation is accelerated by exposure to raised concentrations of triiodothyronine (T3) in fetal plasma. Studies of fetal rat and rabbit lung in vitro show an inconsistent increase in surfactant synthesis in response to T3 and potentiation of the response to corticosteroid. Experiments with fetal rodents in vivo are difficult to interpret because of confounding effects of the procedures and the responses to T3 are variable. In fetal sheep, very high concentrations of T3 are without effect on lung maturation. These observations suggest that the action of TRH on the lung may be mediated at least in part by one of the numerous, non-hormonal pathways known to be stimulated by TRH, particularly the autonomic nervous system. Experiments in rats and sheep lend support to this possibility. It is concluded that available evidence is inadequate to determine the mechanism of action of TRH.
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Surugaya, Ryohei, Yuya Hasegawa, Shinji Adachi, and Shigeho Ijiri. "Changes in Ovulation-Related Gene Expression during Induced Ovulation in the Amur Sturgeon (Acipenser schrenckii) Ovarian Follicles." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 21 (October 29, 2022): 13143. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232113143.
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The luteinizing hormone (LH) and maturation-inducing steroids (MIS), such as 17α,20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one, regulate the final oocyte maturation in teleosts. Oocyte maturational competence (OMC) and ovulatory competence measure the sensitivity to MIS for oocyte maturation and ovulation, respectively. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the acquisition of ovulatory competence remain unknown. Sturgeons are an excellent research model for investigating these mechanisms. We examined the seasonal profiles of OMC and ovulatory competence in vitro and the expression of 17 ovulation-related gene candidates using quantitative PCR in Amur sturgeon ovarian follicles. The ovulatory competence was induced by the LH-releasing hormone analog (LHRHa) priming injection after acquiring the OMC, which was spontaneously induced in spring or autumn. Seven genes, including the tissue-type plasminogen activator (plat), were enhanced following the LHRHa priming injection in ovarian follicles sampled from anovulated and ovulated fish. The activin receptor type 1 (acvr1) and prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 (ptgs2) were only upregulated in ovulated fish. Our results suggest that plat/plasmin and prostaglandin (PG)/PG receptor systems are essential for sturgeon ovulation, similar to other vertebrates. Notably, successful ovulation depends on a sufficient PG synthesis, and mediators activating the PG/PG receptor system are essential for acquiring the ovulatory competence. We provide the first report of ovulation-related gene alterations in the ovarian follicles of Amur sturgeons.
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Dunning, K. R., K. Cashman, R. J. Norman, and R. L. Robker. "135. FATTY ACID OXIDATION IS ESSENTIAL FOR OOCYTE DEVELOPMENTAL COMPETENCE." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 21, no. 9 (2009): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/srb09abs135.
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Oocyte lipid composition and developmental competence are influenced by dietary fat yet whether lipids are metabolised by the oocyte or essential for subsequent embryo development is largely unexplored. Fatty acid oxidation (FAO) is largely overlooked as an energy source for the oocyte, despite generating several-fold more energy than glucose oxidation. FAO requires the rate-limiting enzyme carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 (Cpt1) and the metabolite Carnitine to shuttle fatty acids into mitochondria for energy production. Analysis of Cpt1 mRNA during oocyte maturation showed that Cpt1 expression was hormonally induced (p<0.05) in the cumulus oocyte complex (COC), peaking at 10h following ovulatory hCG treatment. In contrast, Cpt1 was not hormonally regulated in granulosa cells (p>0.05). To investigate the role of Cpt1-mediated FAO during oocyte maturation we measured FAO in oocytes in the presence and absence of Carnitine and inhibited FAO to determine its importance for oocyte developmental competence. Levels of FAO in COCs were assessed as metabolism of the fatty acid 3H-palmitate. During oocyte maturation there was a 2.1-fold increase (p<0.0001) in FAO compared to immature COCs. Carnitine supplementation led to a further 3.7-fold increase (p<0.001), while inhibition of Cpt1 with Etomoxir resulted in a 6.5-fold decrease (p<0.0002) in FAO during oocyte maturation. FAO inhibition had no effect on cumulus expansion. However inhibition of FAO during oocyte maturation followed by IVF and embryo culture in the absence of inhibitor, resulted in significantly decreased numbers of embryos developing ‘on time' (p<0.002). This is the first identification of hormonal induction of Cpt1 and Cpt1 mediated FAO in the COC during oocyte maturation. Further, the results demonstrate that oxidation of fatty acids by the oocyte is essential for oocyte developmental competence and can be modulated by Carnitine. These findings provide a potential mechanism by which dietary fat, obesity or metabolic disorders including CPT deficiency lead to infertility.
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Moghadam, Hesam Zendehdel, Babak Kheirkhah, and Ashraf Kariminik. "Ethylene Removal by Bio-filters in order to Increase Storage Life of Bananas." International Journal of Life Sciences 9, no. 5 (June 14, 2015): 62–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijls.v9i5.12696.
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Ethylene gas is the simplest plant hormone and cause a variety of physiological effects in plants. This hormone is known as the hormone of aging, due to the hormonal effect on fruit maturation, leaf loss and separation of the fruit from the branches, changing color as fruit maturation because of chlorophyll loss, fruit firmness. Increased ethylene in fruit storage media creates the right conditions for growth of microorganisms such as fungi and bacteria. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the removal of ethylene by bio-filters to extend the shelf-life of fruits was studied at laboratory scale. Samples were evaluated organoleptic (sensory) and after preparing the best filter, filter efficient were used scale of operation (used in fruit cartons). Removal of ethylene gas by Gas chromatograph system showed that the amount of gas passing through the column 4 substrates including active sludge, peat wood chips, humus with organic soil was 0.6528 ml (ethylene) / L (air) in comparison to the other columns, and control sample. Results showed that the bio-filters with isolated bacteria in this study can be used to the removal of ethylene gas and increase shelf life of fruit postharvest storage conditions.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijls.v9i5.12696
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Karlsen, K., A. K. Vallerga, J. Hone, and G. L. Firestone. "A distinct glucocorticoid hormone response regulates phosphoprotein maturation in rat hepatoma cells." Molecular and Cellular Biology 6, no. 2 (February 1986): 574–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.6.2.574-585.1986.
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Glucocorticoid hormone-dependent maturation of the mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) phosphorylated polyprotein (Pr74) allows experimental access to certain posttranslational regulatory circuits under steroid control in M1.54 cells, an MMTV-infected rat hepatoma cell line. Pulse-chase experiments revealed that [35S]methionine-labeled Pr74 synthesized in uninduced cells could be converted posttranslationally into p24, a stable phosphorylated maturation product, only after 4 h of exposure to 1 microM dexamethasone, a synthetic glucocorticoid. This regulated processing could be prevented by prior exposure, during the chase period, to inhibitors of RNA (actinomycin D) or protein (cycloheximide or puromycin) synthesis. Moreover, half-maximal production of p24 occurred at 10 nM dexamethasone, a concentration that approximated half-maximal receptor binding and stimulation of MMTV transcript synthesis. Kinetic, hormonal, and genetic evidence suggest that p24 expression did not require or result from the overall glucocorticoid-dependent increase in polyprotein concentration. First, 20 h after dexamethasone withdrawal, Pr74 maturation was completely deinduced, whereas the absolute level of this MMTV precursor remained 10-fold over its basal level. Second, progesterone, which competes with dexamethasone for receptor binding, facilitated the regulated production of p24 but prevented the steroid-mediated accumulation of functional MMTV mRNA. Lastly, certain glucocorticoid-responsive variants, derived from M1.54 cells by resistance to complement cytolysis, expressed p24 in the presence or absence of glucocorticoid-induced levels of Pr74. Taken together, our results suggest that the glucocorticoid-regulated maturation of MMTV phosphopolyproteins resulted from an independent hormone response that required normal receptor function and de novo RNA and protein synthesis.
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Karlsen, K., A. K. Vallerga, J. Hone, and G. L. Firestone. "A distinct glucocorticoid hormone response regulates phosphoprotein maturation in rat hepatoma cells." Molecular and Cellular Biology 6, no. 2 (February 1986): 574–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.6.2.574.
Full textAbstract:
Glucocorticoid hormone-dependent maturation of the mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) phosphorylated polyprotein (Pr74) allows experimental access to certain posttranslational regulatory circuits under steroid control in M1.54 cells, an MMTV-infected rat hepatoma cell line. Pulse-chase experiments revealed that [35S]methionine-labeled Pr74 synthesized in uninduced cells could be converted posttranslationally into p24, a stable phosphorylated maturation product, only after 4 h of exposure to 1 microM dexamethasone, a synthetic glucocorticoid. This regulated processing could be prevented by prior exposure, during the chase period, to inhibitors of RNA (actinomycin D) or protein (cycloheximide or puromycin) synthesis. Moreover, half-maximal production of p24 occurred at 10 nM dexamethasone, a concentration that approximated half-maximal receptor binding and stimulation of MMTV transcript synthesis. Kinetic, hormonal, and genetic evidence suggest that p24 expression did not require or result from the overall glucocorticoid-dependent increase in polyprotein concentration. First, 20 h after dexamethasone withdrawal, Pr74 maturation was completely deinduced, whereas the absolute level of this MMTV precursor remained 10-fold over its basal level. Second, progesterone, which competes with dexamethasone for receptor binding, facilitated the regulated production of p24 but prevented the steroid-mediated accumulation of functional MMTV mRNA. Lastly, certain glucocorticoid-responsive variants, derived from M1.54 cells by resistance to complement cytolysis, expressed p24 in the presence or absence of glucocorticoid-induced levels of Pr74. Taken together, our results suggest that the glucocorticoid-regulated maturation of MMTV phosphopolyproteins resulted from an independent hormone response that required normal receptor function and de novo RNA and protein synthesis.
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Ashihara, Keisuke, Tomohito Tanaka, Risa Maruoka, Yoshihiro J. Ono, Akiko Tanabe, Yoshito Terai, and Masahide Ohmichi. "Postmenopausal Patients With Endometrial Cancer of Type 1 Have Elevated Serum Estradiol Levels in the Ovarian Vein." International Journal of Gynecologic Cancer 24, no. 8 (October 2014): 1455–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/igc.0000000000000227.
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ObjectiveType 1 endometrial cancer (EC) is typically sex hormone sensitive; however, most women diagnosed with EC have already gone through menopause. Several studies have reported that the postmenopausal ovary is hormonally active, and estradiol (E2) production from the ovaries persists for as much as 10 years beyond menopause. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether sex steroid production from the ovaries contributes to the pathogenesis of type 1 EC.Materials and MethodsThis was a prospective study of 53 women treated for EC (28 cases of type 1 disease and 25 cases of type 2 disease). Serum specimens were collected from the peripheral and ovarian veins of participants undergoing bilateral oophorectomy. The sex steroid hormone levels and hormonal milieu on cervical cytology were evaluated as maturation value (MV). In addition, the degree of stromal hyperplasia of the ovary was evaluated histologically.ResultsAlthough the E2 levels of the peripheral veins did not show any significant differences [8.2 (5.1–12.4) vs 7.4 (5.1–11.7) pg/mL, respectively; P < 0.05], the patients with type 1 EC had a higher E2 level in the ovarian vein than those with type 2 EC [25 (13.8–42.5) vs 15 (10.0–23.0) pg/mL, respectively; P < 0.05]. There were also no significant differences in the rate of moderate to marked hyperplasia of the ovarian stroma between the groups; however, the thickness of the ovarian cortex demonstrated a correlation with the ovarian E2 level. In addition, the MV displayed a strong correlation with the ovarian E2 level, but not the peripheral E2 level.ConclusionsThe postmenopausal ovary is hormonally active, especially in patients with type 1 EC. The degree of ovarian stromal hyperplasia may (at least in part) contribute to the progression of type 1 EC, and MV may predict the level of E2 production from the ovaries in postmenopausal women.
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Kumari, Pooja, Neeta Sehgal, S. V. Goswami, and Neerja Aggarwal. "Multifactorial control of gonadotropin release for induction of oocyte maturation: Influence of gonadotropin-releasing hormone, gonadotropin release-inhibiting factor and dopamine receptors in the catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 13, no. 2 (June 12, 2021): 686–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v13i2.2695.
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Several external and internal factors contribute to the reproductive success of teleosts, which makes the reproductive process complex and unique. In the Indian freshwater catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis, monsoon plays a crucial role as it fine tunes the neuroendocrine axis, culminating in oocyte maturation. Therefore, induction of oocyte maturation requires the coordinated interaction among hypothalamic, hypophyseal, and peripheral hormones. In the present investigation, dual neuroendocrine control of oocyte maturation has been demonstrated in the catfish, H. fossilis. The maturational response in gravid catfish is inhibited in the presence of dopamine but GnRH evokes the oocyte maturation and ovulation. GnRH upregulates the expression of lhb gene as well as increases plasma levels of LH significantly within 30 minutes of its administration. Destruction of the preoptic region in gravid catfish by electrolytic or chemical lesions also causes oocyte maturation and ovulation. But this response is inhibited if dopamine is injected into the nucleus preopticus periventricularis-lesioned fishes. These observations support the role of dopamine as an inhibitory factor, therefore specific receptors of dopamine have been characterized in catfish and their expression in the brain has been quantified. Dopamine receptors are upregulated in dopamine-treated fishes and downregulated if a dopamine antagonist (pimozide) is injected. The present study suggests the presence of inhibitory mechanism for LH secretion in gravid catfish. Abolition of this inhibition is necessary to release LH surge, which in turn stimulates resumption of meiosis and ovulation. Thus peptidergic as well as aminergic systems regulate oocyte maturation in H. fossilis. Neuroendocrine regulation of oocyte maturation and ovulation has major implications for inducing spawning in aquaculture.
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Sudrajat, Agus Oman, Antharest Sugati, and ,. Alimuddin. "Induced maturation of eel Anguilla bicolor using different hormone combination." Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia 13, no. 2 (October 11, 2015): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.19027/jai.13.189-201.
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<p class="BasicParagraph" align="center"><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p class="BasicParagraph" align="center"><strong> </strong></p><p class="Pa2">Artificial reproduction of eel <em>Anguilla bicolor </em>is not yet well-established because of insufficient broodstock number. In this research, induction of Indonesian eel gonad maturation was performed by hormonal with a combination of <em>pregnant mare serum gonadotropin </em>(PMSG), <em>human chorionic gonadotropin </em>(HCG) antidopamin and recombinant <em>growth hormone </em>(rGH). This research consisted of five treatments namely: control (NaCl 0,9%), PMSG 20 IU/ kg, PMSG 20 IU/kg + antidopamin 10 ppm/kg, PMSG 20 IU/kg + antidopamin 10 ppm/kg + rGH 10 μg/kg dan PMSG 20 IU/kg + HCG 10 IU/kg. Each treatment contained 10 fishes. Hormonal induction was conducted by intramuscular injections, as much as five times at intervals of seven days. Furthermore observations on gonadal development were performed after injection for 21 days. The results showed that the treatment generated pregnancy level of 100%, while control was 0%. The best treatment was PMSG 20 IU/kg + antidopamin 10 ppm/kg+ rGH 10 μg/kg, seen from a more mature phase of the gametes, spermatocytes in male and oocytes with perinukleolar phase in female fish. Eel at the body weight of 120.4 to 207.8 g and at the body length of 40.9 to 43.1 cm was male, at the body weight of 274.8 g and at the body length of 47 cm was in intersexual phase, and at the body weight of 323.4 g and at the body length of 53 cm was female.</p><p class="Default"> </p><p class="Pa2">Keywords: <em>Anguilla bicolor</em>, antidopamin, hormones, PMSG, rGH, HCG</p><br /><p class="BasicParagraph"> </p><p class="BasicParagraph"> </p><p class="BasicParagraph" align="center"><strong>ABSTRAK</strong></p><p class="BasicParagraph"><strong> </strong></p><p class="Pa2">Pemijahan ikan sidat secara buatan belum dapat dilakukan karena keterbatasan induk matang gonad. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian hormon terhadap percepatan proses perkembangan gonad ikan sidat (<em>Anguilla bicolor</em>). Hormon yang digunakan adalah kombinasi dari <em>pregnant mare serum gonadotropin </em>(PMSG), <em>human chorionic gonadotropin </em>(HCG), antidopamin dan recombinant <em>growth hormone </em>(rGH). Induksi hormonal untuk mempercepat perkembangan gonad ikan sidat dilakukan melalui lima perlakuan yaitu yaitu kontrol (NaCl 0,9%), PMSG 20 IU/kg, PMSG 20 IU/kg+antidopamin 100 ppm/kg, PMSG 20 IU/kg+antidopamin 100 ppm/ kg+rGH 10 μg/kg dan PMSG 20 IU/kg+HCG 10 IU/kg. Setiap perlakuan dilakukan pada sepuluh ekor ikan sidat. Aplikasi induksi hormonal dilakukan melalui penyuntikan secara intramuskular sebanyak lima kali dengan interval tujuh hari sekali, selanjutnya dilakukan pengamatan terhadap perkembangan gonad selama 21 hari dengan interval tujuh hari sekali setelah penyuntikan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan hormonal menyebabkan tingkat kebuntingan sebanyak 100% pada ikan perlakuan, sedangkan kontrol sebanyak 0%. Kombinasi terbaik adalah PMSG+antidopamin+rGH, terlihat dari fase gamet yang lebih matang yaitu mencapai fase spermatosit pada ikan jantan dan oosit dengan fase perinukleolar pada ikan betina. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, ikan sidat dengan bobot 120,4−207,8 g dan panjang 40,9−43,1 cm masih berjenis kelamin jantan. Ikan dengan bobot 274,8 g dan panjang 47 cm masih berada pada fase peralihan kelamin, sedangkan pada bobot 323,4 dan panjang 53 cm sudah berjenis kelamin betina.</p><p class="Default"> </p><p class="Pa2">Kata kunci: <em>Anguilla bicolor</em>, antidopamin, hormon, PMSG, rGH, HCG</p>
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Johnson, Jill L., and Elizabeth A. Craig. "A Role for the Hsp40 Ydj1 in Repression of Basal Steroid Receptor Activity in Yeast." Molecular and Cellular Biology 20, no. 9 (May 1, 2000): 3027–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.20.9.3027-3036.2000.
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ABSTRACT In addition to its roles in translocation of preproteins across membranes, Ydj1 facilitates the maturation of Hsp90 substrates, including mammalian steroid receptors, which activate transcription in yeast in a hormone-dependent manner. To better understand Ydj1's function, we have constructed and analyzed an array of Ydj1 mutants in vivo. Both the glucocorticoid receptor and the estrogen receptor exhibited elevated activity in the absence of hormone in allydj1 mutant strains, indicating a strict requirement for Ydj1 activity in hormonal control. Glucocorticoid receptor containing a mutation in the carboxy-terminal transcriptional activation domain, AF-2, retained elevated basal activity, while mutation of the amino-terminal transactivation domain, AF-1, eliminated the elevated basal activity observed in ydj1 mutant strains. This result indicates that the source of activity is AF-1, which is normally repressed by the carboxy-terminal hormone binding domain in the absence of hormone. Chimeric proteins containing the hormone binding domain of the estrogen or glucocorticoid receptor fused to heterologous activation and DNA binding domains also exhibited elevated activity in the absence of hormone. Thus, Ydj1 mutants appear to increase basal receptor activity by altering the ability of the hormone binding domain of the receptor to repress nearby activation domains. We propose that Ydj1 functions to present steroid receptors to the Hsp90 pathway for folding and hormonal control. In the presence of Ydj1 mutants that fail to bind substrate efficiently, some receptor escapes the Hsp90 pathway, resulting in constitutive activity.
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Amalia Sutriana, Ahmad Baihaqi, Iwan Hasri, Nurliana, and Hafizuddin Hafizuddin. "Hormonal induction of gonad maturation in female tinfoil barb fish (Barbonymus schwanenfeldii) using spawnprim hormone." Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia 21, no. 2 (August 30, 2022): 118–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.19027/jai.21.2.118-124.
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ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of spawnprim hormone induction with different doses on gonadal maturity of tinfoil barb fish broodstock (Barbonymus schwanenfeldii). A completely randomized design (CRD) was used in this study with 4 treatments and 3 replications. Fish broodstock in group A (control) was not given any treatment, while fish broodstocks in groups B, C, and D were injected with spawnprim hormone at doses of 0.3 ml/kg body weight, 0.6 ml/kg body weight, and 0.9 ml/kg body weight, respectively. The measured parameters were gonad maturity level, broodstock weight gain, egg diameter, and fecundity. Data were analyzed using one way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The result showed that the gonad maturity level (GML) in groups B, C, and D (GML III and IV) was better than group A (GML I). Statistical analysis showed that the induction of spawnprim hormone on tinfoil barb broodstocks significantly affect (P<0.05) broodstock weight gain, egg diameter, and fecundity. The optimal dose of spawnprim hormone for tinfoil barb was 0.6 ml/kg body weight, with the average broodstock weight gain, egg diameter, and fecundity were 0.011 kg, 1.55 mm, and 102.15 eggs, respectively. The induction of spawnprim hormone has a positive effect on gonad maturation of tinfoil barb fish (B. schwanenfeldii), with the optimum dose is 0.6 ml/kg fish
Keywords: gonad maturity, tinfoil barb fish, spawnprim
ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh penggunaan hormon spawnprim dengan dosis yang berbeda terhadap kematangan gonad induk ikan lemeduk Barbonymus schwanenfeldii. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah metode rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan 4 kelompok perlakuan dan 3 kali pengulangan. Ikan pada kelompok A (kontrol) tidak diberikan perlakuan, sedangkan ikan pada kelompok B, C, dan D masing-masing diinjeksi hormon spawnprim dengan dosis 0.3 ml/kg bobot badan; 0.6 ml/kg bobot badan; dan 0,9 ml/kg bobot badan. Parameter yang diamati adalah persentase induk matang gonad akhir, pertambahan bobot induk, pertambahan diameter telur, dan fekunditas. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis varians (ANAVA) pola satu arah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tingkat kematangan gonad (TKG) pada kelompok perlakuan B, C, dan D (TKG III dan IV) lebih baik dari kelompok A (TKG I). Hasil uji ANAVA menunjukkan bahwa pemberian hormon spawnprim pada induk ikan lemeduk berpengaruh nyata (P<0.05) terhadap pertambahan bobot induk, pertambahan diameter telur, dan fekunditas. Tingkat kematangan gonad terbaik pada penelitian ini diperoleh pada kelompok perlakuan C yang diinduksi hormon spawnprim dengan dosis 0.6 ml/kg bobot badan induk ikan dengan rata - rata pertambahan bobot induk, pertambahan diameter telur, dan fekunditas masing-masing adalah 0.011 kg, 1.55 mm, dan 102.15 butir telur. Induksi hormon spawnprim menimbulkan pengaruh yang positif terhadap pertambahan bobot induk, diameter telur dan fekunditas ikan lemeduk (B. schwanenfeldii), dengan dosis optimum 0.6 ml/kg bobot badan.
Kata kunci: kematangan gonad, ikan lemeduk, spawnprim
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MATSUYAMA, MICHIYA. "Maturation Inducing Hormone of Fish." RADIOISOTOPES 46, no. 4 (1997): 263–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3769/radioisotopes.46.263.
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Lamers, W. H., P. G. Mooren, H. Griep, E. Endert, H. J. Degenhart, and R. Charles. "Hormones in perinatal rat and spiny mouse: relation to altricial and precocial timing of birth." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 251, no. 1 (July 1, 1986): E78—E85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.1986.251.1.e78.
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Rat (Rattus norvegicus) and spiny mouse (Acomys cahirinus) are closely related murine species that, due to their altricial (rat) and precocial (spiny mouse) modes of development, differ in the developmental timing of birth. A comparison between the developmental profiles of plasma glucagon, insulin, thyroxine, triiodothyronine, and glucocorticosteroid hormone was carried out to elucidate the question to what extent these hormonal profiles were related to the timing of birth. Although corticosterone is the major circulating glucocorticosteroid in rat, only cortisol was found in the spiny mouse. The onset of increases in glucocorticosteroid and thyroid hormone levels occurred at the same developmental time points in both species. A neonatal increase in triiodothyronine levels was observed in the spiny mouse only. In both species the immediate perinatal period was characterized by decreases in the ratio of insulin and glucagon levels and the level of glucocorticosteroids. The observed developmental patterns of hormonal levels were found to be consistent with the observed developmental pattern of enzymic maturation in the respiratory and gastrointestinal tract, which play a critical role in the adaptation to the extrauterine environment.
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Tehmina, Laila Siraj, Mahnoor Arif, Layiba Rameen, Husna Anwar, Uroosa Aslam, Hania Ibrar, and Shazia Shamas. "Biochemical Analysis of Congenital Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism in the Context of Male Infertility: A Comprehensive Review." Journal of Health and Rehabilitation Research 4, no. 2 (May 11, 2024): 676–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.61919/jhrr.v4i2.851.
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Background: Male infertility encompasses various etiologies, with Congenital Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism (CHH) standing out as a significant factor. CHH arises from multiple systems, including genetic abnormalities and hormonal imbalances that impair reproductive capabilities. Objective: This review aims to dissect the biochemical underpinnings of CHH and evaluate its impact on male infertility, highlighting the complexities in its diagnosis and therapeutic management. Methods: The analysis involved a review of current literature on the genetic causes and hormonal disruptions associated with CHH. Diagnostic criteria were assessed based on biochemical markers and clinical symptoms. Treatment efficacy was evaluated through outcomes of hormone replacement therapy, surgical interventions, and assisted reproductive technologies. Results: The majority of CHH patients treated with hormone replacement therapy demonstrated improved sexual maturation and fertility, with approximately 70% achieving spermatogenesis. Surgical interventions corrected anatomical defects in 90% of cases, while assisted reproductive technologies resulted in successful pregnancies in 60% of treated individuals. Conclusion: CHH significantly affects male reproductive health, influencing testicular development and endocrine function. Advances in diagnostic and treatment strategies have enhanced management outcomes, but ongoing research is essential for developing more targeted therapies.
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Tomasoa, Aprelia Martina, Agus Oman Sudrajat, and Muhammad Zairin Junior. "Induction of gonadal maturation of eel using PMSG, antidopamine, and estradiol-17β." Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia 14, no. 2 (October 15, 2015): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.19027/jai.14.112-121.
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<p class="NoParagraphStyle" align="center"><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p class="NoParagraphStyle" align="center"><strong> </strong></p><p class="NoParagraphStyle">The study was aimed to induce gonadal maturation of eel <em>Anguilla bicolor bicolor</em> by hormonal treatment using <em>pregnant mare serum gonadotropin</em> (PMSG), antidopamine (AD), dan estradiol-17β (E2). The research used complete randomized design with five hormone combination treatments consisted of PK (NaCl 0.95%) as control, P10A (PMSG 10 IU + AD 10 ppm), P20A (PMSG 20 IU + AD 10 ppm), P10BE (PMSG 10 IU + AD 10 ppm + E2 150 µg), and P20BE (PMSG 20 IU + AD 10 ppm + E2 150 µg), with three individual replications for each treatment. Hormonal induction was applied through intramuscular injection weekly during eight weeks at initial body weight of 200 g. The result showed that P10BE treatment has obtained highest level on E2 (0.43 ng/mL), FSH (2.68 mIU/mL) has increased in week-4 and level on T (1.2 ng/mL), LH (2.80 mIU/mL) has increased in week-8. P10BE has affected spermatogenesis and the increased of GSI (2.46%) in fourth and sixth week compared to PK (1.28%), P10A (1.58%), P20A (1.34%), and P20BE (2.12%). In conclusion, combination of PMSG, AD, and E2 hormones could stimulate the gonadal maturation of eel at the size of 200 g into male.</p><p class="NoParagraphStyle"> </p><p class="NoParagraphStyle">Keywords: <em>Anguilla bicolor bicolor</em>, gonadal growth, hormone, maturation</p><p class="NoParagraphStyle"> </p><p class="NoParagraphStyle" align="center"><strong> </strong></p><p class="NoParagraphStyle" align="center"><strong>ABSTRAK</strong></p><p class="NoParagraphStyle" align="center"><strong> </strong></p><p class="NoParagraphStyle">Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menginduksi pematangan gonad ikan sidat <em>Anguilla bicolor bicolor</em> secara hormonal dengan menggunakan <em>pregnant mare serum gonadothropin</em> (PMSG), antidopamin (AD), dan estradiol-17β (E2). Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen rancangan acak lengkap dengan lima perlakuan kombinasi hormon, yaitu PK (larutan NaCl 0,95%) sebagai kontrol, P10A (PMSG 10 IU + AD 10 ppm), P20A (PMSG 20 IU + AD 10 ppm), P10BE (PMSG 10 IU + AD 10 ppm + E2 150 µg), dan P20BE (PMSG 10 IU+AD 10 ppm+E2 150 µg), dengan tiga ulangan individu pada masing-masing perlakuan. Induksi hormonal dilakukan dengan metode penyutikan secara intramuskuler setiap minggu selama delapan minggu dengan bobot ikan yang berukuran 200 g. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa analisis hormon pada perlakuan P10BE memberikan nilai tertinggi masing-masing; kadar E2 (0,43 ng/mL), kadar FSH (2,68 mIU/mL) meningkat di minggu keempat dan kadar T (1,2 ng/mL), kadar LH (2,80 mIU/mL) mengalami peningkatan pada minggu kedelapan. P10BE memberikan efek pada spermatogenesis dan peningkatan nilai GSI (2,46%) pada minggu keempat sampai keenam selama penyuntikkan dibandingkan dengan PK (1,28%), P10A (1,58%), P20A (1,34%) dan P20BE (2,12%). Dengan demikian, kombinasi hormon PMSG, AD, dan E2 dapat merangsang perkembangan dan mempercepat pematangan gonad ikan sidat ukuran 200 g menjadi jantan.</p><p class="NoParagraphStyle"> </p><p>Kata kunci: <em>Anguilla bicolor bicolor</em>, pertumbuhan gonad, hormon, maturasi</p>
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Plowman, Sharon Ann. "Maturation and Exercise Training in Children." Pediatric Exercise Science 1, no. 4 (November 1989): 303–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/pes.1.4.303.
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This paper describes the effects of exercise training on the somatic, skeletal, and sexual maturation of children. Young athletes of both sexes grow at the same rate and to the same extent as young nonathletes. However, there is evidence that the pubertal development of young female athletes may be delayed. Menarche is more consistently late than either thelarche or pubarche. Genetic and environmental factors are explored in an attempt to determine causative mechanisms. Longitudinal training data are needed for both boys and girls on a variety of physical and hormonal variables. Until such data are available, it is recommended that all children engage in regular physical activity but that maturational progress be monitored in those involved in strenuous competitive training.
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Park, Susanna J., Laura T. Goldsmith, and Gerson Weiss. "Age-Related Changes in the Regulation of Luteinizing Hormone Secretion by Estrogen in Women." Experimental Biology and Medicine 227, no. 7 (July 2002): 455–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/153537020222700709.
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Despite the many studies that have been conducted using both primate and human models to understand the control of the menstrual cycle, there are many aspects of the hormonal dynamics of the menstrual cycle that are not understood. This Minireview summarizes the changes in estrogen regulation of luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion that occur throughout life in women from the time of maturation of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis resulting in the occurrence of the LH surge during puberty, through the reproductive years, to the changes in the regulation of the LH surge during premenopause and, subsequently, menopause.
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Sahadan, Fatin Nabilah, Annie Christianus, Ina-Salwany Md Yasin, Fadhil-Syukri Ismail, Roshani Othman, and Zarirah Zulperi. "Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH)- Its Approaches to Improve Reproduction in Fish." Sains Malaysiana 51, no. 11 (November 30, 2021): 3539–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2022-5111-03.
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This review briefly highlights previous studies on the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and its approaches to improving fish reproduction in the aquaculture industry. Reproductive system dysfunction of the captive fish is the main problem that has to be treated depending on the compatibility of fish species. This problem is caused by the non-synchronized maturation of female and male broodstock, and the low quality of broodstock. As shown in previous studies, induced breeding with exogenous treatment from specialized hormones could be one of the best cures for this issue. Hormonal treatments have been used by farmers to overcome the reproductive system dysfunctions in establishing captive wild or hatchery-based breeding. Although the imitation in its natural condition has been set up, for broodstock to spawn naturally problems still occur, hence the need for hormonal therapy. This review aims to deliver the results and contributions of an established artificial hormone, gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue (GnRHa), to treat fish reproductive system dysfunction, to improve the qualities of eggs, seedlings, and broodstock, mainly to help fish farmers and can be used in the aquaculture industry to improve the reproduction of cultured fishes for sustainable aquaculture production to achieve the market demand and consumption.
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Hassan, Nursan A. B., and Sahlah Kh Abbas. "Estimation of LH, FSH, Prolactin, Ferritin and Vitamin B12 of Hypothyroid Women in Kirkuk City/Iraq." Journal for Research in Applied Sciences and Biotechnology 1, no. 4 (October 27, 2022): 90–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.55544/jrasb.1.4.11.
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Thyroid diseases are among the commonest endocrine disorders. It effects growth, embryonic development, reproduction, tissue differentiation, maturation and metabolism, this research aimed to study gonadal dysfunction in hypothyroid womens, included serum levels of FSH, LH, prolactin, Ferritin and Vitamin B12 with thyroid hormones, blood sample was collected from women age ranged between (15-49) years 65 of them had hypothyroidisim and they were under hormonal treatment, while 10 of the samples were healthy control, The results Showed a significant difference in Serum levels of T3, T4, TSH, LH, FSH and Prolactin, while there was a significant decrease in Vitamin B12 Levels (P ≤ 0.027) in hypothyroid patients under hormonal treatment compared to control group, we concluded that circulation thyroid hormone showed a significant effect of serum levels of LH, FSH, Prolactin and Vitamin B12,While no effects shows on serum ferritin.
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Lemaire-Chamley, Martine, Claude Koutouan, Joana Jorly, Julien Assali, Takuya Yoshida, Marilise Nogueira, Takayuki Tohge, et al. "A Chimeric TGA Repressor Slows Down Fruit Maturation and Ripening in Tomato." Plant and Cell Physiology 63, no. 1 (October 19, 2021): 120–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pcp/pcab150.
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Abstract The bZIP transcription factor (TF) SlTGA2.2 was previously highlighted as a possible hub in a network regulating fruit growth and transition to ripening (maturation phase). It belongs to a clade of TFs well known for their involvement in the regulation of the salicylic acid–dependent systemic acquired resistance. To investigate if this TGA TF plays a role in tomato fruit growth and maturation, we took advantage of the fruit-specific SlPPC2 promoter (PPC2pro) to target the expression of a SlTGA2.2-SRDX chimeric repressor in a developmental window restricted to early fruit growth and maturation. Here, we show that this SlTGA2.2-SRDX repressor alters early fruit development and metabolism, including chloroplast number and structure, considerably extends the time necessary to reach the mature green stage and slows down fruit ripening. RNA sequencing and plant hormone analyses reveal that PPC2pro:SlTGA2.2-SRDX fruits are maintained in an immature stage as long as PPC2pro is active, through early modifications of plant hormonal signaling and down-regulation of MADS-RIN and NAC-NOR ripening regulators. Once PPC2pro becomes inactive and therefore SlTGA2.2-SRDX expression is reduced, ripening can proceed, albeit at a slower pace than normal. Altogether, this work emphasizes the developmental continuum between fruit growth, maturation and ripening and provides a useful tool to alter and study the molecular bases of tomato fruit transition to ripening.
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Huhtaniemi, I. "Molecular aspects of the ontogeny of the pituitary-gonadal axis." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 7, no. 5 (1995): 1025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd9951025.
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The endocrine function of the mammalian pituitary-gonadal axis begins in utero. This is important particularly for the ontogeny and function of the male reproductive organs, the induction of which is critically dependent on the two fetal testicular hormones, testosterone and anti-mullerian hormone. In contrast, ovarian endocrine activity begins only after birth. The earliest phases of testicular hormone production are probably under autocrine or paracrine regulation, but the dependence on gonadotrophins starts in fetal life. During maturation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis, the target organs acquire their responsiveness (viz receptors) before the onset of secretion of the tropic hormonal stimulus. The last link to develop is the feedback regulation, and the whole axis is functional in the developing male rat during the last days of gestation. Although gonadotrophin secretion starts in both sexes simultaneously, the fetal ovary is endocrinologically quiescent--its gonadotrophin responsiveness and endocrine activity begin only after birth. The fetal and postnatal periods of testicular activity have crucial effects on male sexual differentiation, whereas in the female, early sexual development occurs autonomously without influence of ovarian function. The purpose of this review is to elucidate some of the recent findings on the molecular mechanisms involved in the perinatal maturation of the rat hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis.
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Bozhendaev, Timofey L., Natalya B. Guseva, and Nikolay P. Goncharov. "Violation of the neuro-humoral regulation of the act of urination." Pediatrics. Consilium Medicum, no. 3 (September 15, 2021): 262–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.26442/26586630.2021.3.201063.
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The pathology of urination in childhood is now a frequent problem with which they turn to a pediatric urologist. Taking into account children's morphofunctional immaturity, the formation of a mature type of urination is associated with the maturation of nerve structures and the formation of hormonal levels. The detrimental effect of the benefits of civilization on the formation and maturation of a child entails functional disorders both in the formation of the nervous system and in hormonal maturation. The body's regulation is based on neuro-humoral control. Impaired coordination and harmonious interaction of this control is carried out in the hypothalamic region, the dysfunction of which determines functional disorders in children.
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Chattergoon, N. N., S. Louey, P. J. Stork, G. D. Giraud, and K. L. Thornburg. "Unexpected maturation of PI3K and MAPK-ERK signaling in fetal ovine cardiomyocytes." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 307, no. 8 (October 15, 2014): H1216—H1225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00833.2013.
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In the first two-thirds of gestation, ovine fetal cardiomyocytes undergo mitosis to increase cardiac mass and accommodate fetal growth. Thereafter, some myocytes continue to proliferate while others mature and terminally differentiate into binucleated cells. At term (145 days gestational age; dGA) about 60% of cardiomyocytes become binucleated and exit the cell cycle under hormonal control. Rising thyroid hormone (T3) levels near term (135 dGA) inhibit proliferation and stimulate maturation. However, the degree to which intracellular signaling patterns change with age in response to T3 is unknown. We hypothesized that in vitro activation of ERK, Akt, and p70S6K by two regulators of cardiomyocyte cell cycle activity, T3 and insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), would be similar in cardiomyocytes at gestational ages 100 and 135 dGA. IGF-1 and T3 each independently stimulated phosphorylation of ERK, Akt, and p70S6K in cells at both ages. In the younger mononucleated myocytes, the phosphorylation of ERK and Akt was reduced in the presence of IGF-1 and T3. However, the same hormone combination led to a dramatic twofold increase in the phosphorylation of these signaling proteins in the 135 dGA cardiomyocytes—even in cells that were not proliferating. In the older cells, both mono- and binucleated cells were affected. In conclusion, fetal ovine cardiomyocytes undergo profound maturation-related changes in signaling in response to T3 and IGF-1, but not to either factor alone. Differences in age-related response are likely to be related to milestones in fetal cardiac development as the myocardium prepares for ex utero life.
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Chattoraj, Asamanja, Sharmistha Bhattacharyya, Dipanjan Basu, Shelley Bhattacharya, Samir Bhattacharya, and Saumen Kumar Maitra. "Melatonin accelerates maturation inducing hormone (MIH): induced oocyte maturation in carps." General and Comparative Endocrinology 140, no. 3 (February 2005): 145–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ygcen.2004.10.013.
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Teekachunhatean, Supanimit, Natnita Mattawanon, and Surapan Khunamornpong. "Short-Term Isoflavone Intervention in the Treatment of Severe Vasomotor Symptoms after Surgical Menopause: A Case Report and Literature Review." Case Reports in Obstetrics and Gynecology 2015 (2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/962740.
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Isoflavones are soy phytoestrogens that potentially exert various favorable effects in postmenopausal women, for example, alleviating vasomotor episodes, attenuating bone loss, and stimulating vaginal epithelial maturation. There has, however, been lack of consensus regarding those therapeutic effects. Most clinical studies of isoflavones have been conducted with women who had undergone natural menopause, but not those who had undergone surgical menopause. This study reports on a 51-year-old woman who presented with severe vasomotor episodes after undergoing a hysterectomy and a bilateral oophorectomy due to hypermenorrhea secondary to myoma uteri. She refused hormone therapy due to fear of adverse drug reactions so was treated with oral soy isoflavones (two capsules twice daily, equivalent to at least 100 mg daily dose) for 8 weeks. The number and severity of hot flushes and her menopause-specific quality of life dramatically improved from baseline values. The serum bone resorption marker (beta C-telopeptide) decreased markedly, while vaginal epithelial maturation improved slightly, suggesting the potential of isoflavones in attenuating bone loss and stimulating vaginal maturation. The intervention did not adversely affect the hormonal profile (FSH, LH, and estradiol) and liver or renal functions. Thus, isoflavones could be an option for women experiencing severe vasomotor episodes after surgical menopause.
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Jun-He, Hu, Yang Chun-Rong, and Dou Zhong-Ying. "Porcine oocyte maturation in vitro under different conditions." Chinese Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology 3, no. 2 (August 2006): 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/cjb200695.
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AbstractThe effects of hormone additions at various stages and different basic media, with or without serum, on porcine oocyte maturation in vitro were studied. The results showed that the rate of maturation was not significantly different with three different stages of hormone supplement; the rate of maturation on modified TCM199 medium (54.01%) was higher than that on TCM199 (46.16%) and (47.14%), but these differences were not significant; and the rate of maturation on serum-free medium (67.10%) was significantly higher than that on medium plus serum (52.22%). Therefore, modifed tissue culture medium 199 (mTCM199)+10I U/ml pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (PMSG)+10I U/ml human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG)+2.5 IU/ml follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) was a suitable medium for culture of porcine oocytes in vitro, and the rate of maturation was 67.10%.
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Chattergoon, Natasha N., George D. Giraud, Samantha Louey, Philip Stork, Abigail L. Fowden, and Kent L. Thornburg. "Thyroid hormone drives fetal cardiomyocyte maturation." FASEB Journal 26, no. 1 (October 5, 2011): 397–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1096/fj.10-179895.
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Lestari, Tuti Puji, Farida Farida, and Merli Merli. "Induksi hormon oodev untuk meningkatkan tingkat kematangan gonad ikan cupang betina (Betta splendens) melalui pakan." Acta Aquatica: Aquatic Sciences Journal 9, no. 1 (April 14, 2022): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.29103/aa.v9i1.6970.
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Betta fish are freshwater ornamental fish that are very popular and have quite high economic value, but the reproductive process still depends on the spawning season, so an increase in reproductive potential is needed. The experiment was conducted in order to determine the role of each induction Oocite development (Oodev) hormone in the diet to betta fish female final maturation process and morphology gonads. Completely randomized design (CRD) with one factor consisting of 5 treatments and 3 replications. The main factors are Oodev hormone dosage: 0.0 mL.kg-1 fish weigh; 0.5 mL.kg-1 fish; 1.0 mL.kg-1 fish; 1.5 mL.kg-1 fish and 2.0 mL.kg-1 fish. We used 135 female broodstock with initial weight range ± 1-2.15 g tail-1 and at stage II of gonad maturation. Fish were fed three a day at 07.00 am, 12.00 am and 05.00 pm at satiation level during 45 days. During the final maturation, gonad morphology, survival rates and water quality were observed. The results show that Oodev hormone induction could improve final maturation up to 266.66%. This result comparatively higher than 0.0 mL.kg-1 and 0.5 mL.kg-1 fish hormone induction, and produce 100% of mature broodstock. Thus, the Oodev hormone induction at optimal dose of 1.16 mL.kg-1 of fish can improve the induction maturation up to 2-3 times faster maturation frequency on the out of spawning season.Keywords: Female Betta splendens; Feed; Final maturation; Oodev