Academic literature on the topic 'Matrimonial regimes - France'

In 2010, France and Germany introduced a common optional matrimonial property regime of participation in acquisitions in both countries. One of its goals was to establish European harmonization, up until then a rare occurrence in the broad field of family law. The harmonization journey was continued by Belgium in 2018, when the Franco-German agreement was taken over in the Belgian Civil Code. This article evaluates the Franco-German regime from both an internal and an external point of view in order to determine the success of this operation. In the internal analysis, the regime will be presented as a modern and balanced compromise between the French and German domestic participation in acquisition regimes. In the external analysis, the regime will be qualified as a legal transplant in Belgium that at this moment in time does not survive the operation. Despite this seemingly negative evaluation, the regime may still increase its success rate, provided all actors involved take the required measures. In any case, the regime should be welcomed as harmonization initiative, considering that new projects may learn from its successes as well as from its stumbling blocks.

Abstract: France and Germany adopted a Common Matrimonial Property Regime in January 2010. Spouses can elect to have the new regime applied which combines French and German principles of matrimonial property. It is open for access to all the Member States of the European Union. The new regime can be relevant even in States that have not chosen to adopt it, when the parties could have opted for French or German law and preferred to choose the new regime. This bilateral cooperation in family law could be followed by further initiatives, as well in other fields of law. Résumé: La France et l’Allemagne ont conclu, en janvier 2010, un traité sur le régime matrimonial de la participation aux acquêts. Le nouveau régime est optionnel et devrait combiner des principes français et allemands de droit des régimes matrimoniaux. Les autres Etats de l’Union européenne sont invités à adhérer à la convention. Les époux des Etats non-adhérents ou d’autres Etats pourront aussi choisir le nouveau régime, si le droit international privé applicable leur permet d’opter pour le droit français ou le droit allemand. Cette coopération bilatérale en droit de famille pourrait suivie par de nouvelles initiatives dans d’autres branches du droit. Zusammenfassung: Frankreich und Deutschland haben im Januar 2010 ein gemeinsames Regime für das Ehegüterrecht beschlossen. Das neue Regime kann von den Ehegatten gewählt werden und soll französische und deutsche Grundsätze des Ehegü-terrechts verbinden. Das neue Regime steht Mitgliedsstaaten der Europäischen Union zum Beitritt offen. Auch ohne Beitritt und für andere Staaten kann das neue Regime Bedeutung erlangen, wenn die Parteien französisches oder deutsches Recht wählen konnten und für das neue Regime optiert haben. Dieser bilateralen Zusammenarbeit im Familienrecht könnten weitere Kooperationen auch in anderen Rechtsbereichen folgen.

In the old French written law characteristic of the Middle Ages, the legal provisions on succession were not dictated exclusively by the rules of Roman law but were also influenced by local customs applicable in the south of France. The legal provisions ensured that the surviving spouse's patrimonial situation (especially in the case of the widow) did not suffer a sudden change of lifestyle after the death of the life partner. The substantial advantages enjoyed by the surviving spouse were mainly granted through seemingly voluntary legal manifestations, but which had well-founded beliefs and customs at the root. The rules of legal inheritance and those governing the dissolution of the matrimonial regime provided patrimonial aid but were far from sufficient.

AbstractThis paper examines wealth accumulation among couple-headed households and investigates changes in within-household inequality over time and across couple statuses. Going beyond previous research that mostly studies wealth accumulation within marriages by comparing married with unmarried individuals, we consider the legal statuses of couples (cohabitation, civil union, and marriage) and property regimes (community and separate property). We apply multivariate regression analysis to high-quality longitudinal data from the French wealth survey (2015–2018) and find no differences in net worth accumulation between couples’ legal statuses when property regimes are not accounted for. However, couples with a separate property regime accumulate more wealth than couples with a community property regime, and married couples with a separate property regime drive this association. Our results show that the gender wealth gap is larger for couples with a separate property regime, but it is partially compensated by accumulated wealth. Our results highlight the importance of legal statuses and property regimes in explaining the dynamics of between- and within-household inequality in France, specifically within a context of increasingly diversified marital trajectories.

Background: The purpose of this study is to examine the interaction between the legal discipline of matrimonial property regimes and the commercial activities of spouses that are established before or during marriage. It aims to investigate how the legal community impacts commercial companies, specifically in the hypothesis where the shareholder of the company is married. There is ongoing debate within legal circles about whether shares of a commercial company established by one spouse during marriage or acquired through a legal transaction are part of the legal community. Regarding this matter, several issues arise: whether the participation in the company's initial capital is governed by community administration rules, which is the legal nature of shares acquired by one spouse, and how the marital community regime interplays with commercial legislation. Another issue that has engaged legal doctrine is whether the spouse of a shareholder is recognised as a shareholder and can participate in the company administration. Albanian Family Code lacks specificity on shares, mainly addressing small family businesses. The study of the interaction of these two disciplines aims to assist jurisprudence because, despite some cases of the Supreme Court and the Constitutional Court in recent years, this is still a relatively new field for Albanian doctrine and jurisprudence. Methods: The research methodology adopted for this paper employs a multi-faceted approach, integrating desk research, legal analysis, case law review, and a comparative study. It encompasses an examination of relevant national legislation, as well as foreign legislation from civil law tradition countries such as France and Italy. Furthermore, European soft law, notably the principles of the European Commission of Family Law (CEFL) focusing on matrimonial property issues, has been reviewed. Our research methodology includes gathering and analysing existing studies and academic literature on matrimonial property regimes. To better understand the norms of the Family Code regarding matrimonial property regimes, we will analyse Italian and French doctrine and jurisprudence, as well as the legal systems based on which the Albanian Family Code has been drafted. It should be emphasised that while this paper’s primary aim is not solely comparative analysis, it strives to assist in better understanding and implementation of the legal community regime as the most used regime by spouses in practice. Also, a comprehensive comparative analysis has been conducted, comparing Albanian legislation and the CEFL Principles, to identify key similarities, differences, and potential areas for enhancement within legal frameworks. Moreover, the jurisprudence of both Albanian and foreign High courts has been extensively utilised to enrich the analysis and provide insights into practical applications of legal principles. Results and Conclusions: The solution to the abovementioned issues depends on the company’s legal structure and articles of participation rules and requires a combined interpretation of matrimonial property regimes and commercial law. In this combined interpretation of the rules, protecting the rights and interests of all involved subjects, the interests of the spouses and those of the commercial company as a legal entity is crucial.

Le droit français connaît deux types de subrogations : la subrogation personnelle et la subrogation réelle. Bien qu’elle ait été l’objet d’importants travaux, la subrogation réelle reste bien moins connue que la subrogation personnelle. Le droit patrimonial de la famille constitue son domaine de prédilection. Elle est en effet prévue par de nombreux textes spéciaux du Code civil dans diverses institutions du droit patrimonial de la famille, et admise par la jurisprudence extensive de la Cour de cassation. Elle n’a cependant pas fait l’objet d’une théorie générale en raison de l'extrême diversité de ses applications ainsi que des limites imposées sous sa conception classique issue du droit romain. Or, la théorie de valeur d’affectation, apparue à la fin du XIXème siècle, a élargi son champ d’application et l’a ainsi libérée du cadre étroit fixé par le Code civil. Cette théorie lui a reconnu une véritable réalité juridique apte à être appréhendée sous un concept uniforme et soumise à un régime juridique cohérent
French law recognizes two types of subrogation : personal subrogation and real subrogation. Although it has been the subject of significant works, the real subrogation remains much less well known than personal subrogation. The patrimonial family law is the main field of the real subrogation. It is, in fact, provided by many special texts of the civil Code in various institutions of patrimonial family law, and accepted by the extensive case law of the Supreme Court. Though it lacks a general theory because of the extreme diversity of its applications as well as the limits imposed by its classical conception resulting from Roman law. However, the theory of value allocation, which appeared at the end of the 19th century, widened its field of application and thus released it from the narrow framework set by the civil Code. This theory recognized the real subrogation as a true legal reality capable of being understood under a uniform concept which is subjected to a coherent legal regime

La théorie de l’autonomie de la volonté est une théorie philosophique et juridique ancienne qui intéresse toutes les matières du droit. Elle est comparée par Gounot à « la pierre angulaire de tout l’édifice juridique ».Notre étude porte sur sur le principe d’autonomie de la volonté, ses effets et ses limites en droit patrimonial de la famille. Le droit patrimonial de la famille, qui se trouve à l’intersection du droit des contrats, du droit des biens et du droit de la famille, est concerné de près par cette théorie. Si le mouvement actuel du droit tend vers l’octroiement, aux familles et aux individus, de plus de liberté dans la gestion de leurs biens, se pose alors les questions de savoir quelles sont les limites actuelles a cette théorie après les dernières réformes en France, notamment celle du 23 juin 2006 ? Quels sont les composants actuels de l’ordre public familial ? Et que reste-t-il des anciennes limites et prohibitions ?La comparaison, sous l’angle de l’autonomie de la volonté, de deux systèmes juridiques parents mais différents nous offre une vue plus objective des besoins des familles au Liban et en France.Il s’agit à notre sens de ne plus penser et baser les réformes nécessaires dans chacun de ces deux pays sur la théorie de l’autonomie de la volonté ou sur celle de l’utile et du juste, mais plutôt de penser et baser les réformes nécessaires sur les vrais besoins des familles et des individus selon chaque société
Autonomy of the will – French-Lebanese comparative law – Autonomy of the will in the patrimonial family law – Autonomy of the will's reach – French patrimonial family law – Lebanese patrimonial family law – Donations in Lebanese law – Donations in French law – Estate law – French estate law – Lebanese estate law – estate law for the non-Muslims in Lebanon – estate law for Muslims in Lebanon – Matrimonial regimes law – French matrimonial regimes law – Lebanese matrimonial regimes law – Change of matrimonial regimes – Marriage – Marriage in France – PACS – Concubinage – Marriage in Lebanon – Religious marriage in Lebanon – Civil marriage in Lebanon – Lebanese personal status – the limits of the autonomy of the will – French estate public order – French matrimonial public order – Lebanese estate public order – Lebanese matrimonial public order – Inheritance reserved portion in French law – Inheritance reserved portion in Lebanese law – Prohibition of pacts on future succession in French law - Prohibition of pacts on future succession in Lebanese law – Gradual end residual donations – Banking secrecy in Lebanon – TRUST – Disguise – Life-insurance – Matrimonial benefits – Irrevocable mandate in Lebanese law – Posthumous mandate – Civil real estate company

Bien des couples, aujourd’hui, passent du concubinage au pacs, puis du pacs au mariage, qui sont les trois conjugalités que propose le droit contemporain. À chacune correspond un statut patrimonial spécifique (prévoyant une répartition des biens et des dettes, instituant des effets sociaux et fiscaux, etc.). Or ces statuts sont en pleine mutation : aujourd’hui, on ne compte plus les transformations légales et jurisprudentielles qui s’accomplissent. Quelles sont ces évolutions ? Jusqu’où doivent-elles se poursuivre ? Tel est l’objet de cette étude. Elle relativise l’idée qu’un droit commun du couple serait appelé à émerger : elle constate que, même si un phénomène de convergence est à l’œuvre, d’autres évolutions tendent à accroître certaines différences entre les conjugalités. Elle démontre alors que le droit positif se structure sur le modèle d’une gradation. Plus un couple choisit une conjugalité stable et engagée, plus son statut patrimonial devient exorbitant, communautaire et protecteur. Les amants sont ainsi incités à s’engager sur un chemin jalonné d’étapes prédéterminées (couple sentimental, emménagement, pacs, mariage) que l’on peut appeler iter copulae ; ce modèle est en phase non seulement avec le droit positif, mais aussi avec la réalité sociologique moderne.Ainsi, l’étude synthétise les évolutions en cours. Elle suggère de les approfondir où elles sont inachevées, de les tempérer où elles sont excessives, de les consacrer où elles sont prétoriennes ; le propos est parsemé de propositions de réformes, toutes destinées à asseoir le droit positif sur des bases durables, car plus en phase avec les aspirations modernes
Many French couples today move from cohabitation to civil partnership, then from civil partnership to marriage, which are the three forms of conjugality offered by contemporary law. Each has its own specific property status (providing for the division of assets and debts, establishing social and tax effects, etc.). But these statuses are in a state of flux,with countless legal and case law changes being made. What are these changes ? How far should they continue ? That is the purpose of this study. It sets itself apart by putting into perspective the idea that a common law governing couples will emerge : it notes that, even if a phenomenon of convergence is at work, other developments are tending to increase certain differences between conjugal relationships. It then shows that positive law is structured on the model of a gradation. The more a couple chooses a stable and committed conjugal relationship, the more their property status becomes exorbitant, communal and protective. Lovers are thus encouraged to embark on a path marked out by predetermined stages (romantic relationship, moving in, civil partnership, marriage) that can be called iter copulae ; thismodel is in line not only with positive law, but also with modern sociological reality. The study summarises current developments. It suggests deepening them where they are incomplete, tempering them where they are excessive, and enshrining them where they are praetorian. The study is interspersed with proposals for reform, all designed to put positive law on a sustainable footing, since it is more in tune with modern aspirations

L’exercice d’une profession à titre individuel permet au chef d’entreprise de bénéficier d’une grande liberté de gestion, mais il doit engager sa responsabilité illimitée sur l’ensemble de ses biens. En cas de mariage sous un régime de communauté, les biens communs des époux sont susceptibles d’être saisis par les créanciers professionnels. Ce constat est affirmé par les deux législateurs vietnamien et français. Aussi, la question de protection du patrimoine personnel du chef d’entreprise et celui de sa famille est la préoccupation essentielle de notre étude. Le régime de communauté est-il un régime idéal pour le chef d’entreprise ? Sinon, quels moyens peut-il mettre en œuvre pour protéger son patrimoine ? C’est à cette problématique que notre étude « le statut patrimonial du chef d’entreprise individuelle marié sous un régime de communauté en droit comparé vietnamo-français » va tenter d’apporter des réponses. L’étude comparative se limite au cas du chef d’entreprise individuelle sur le plan civil en démontrant les convergences et les divergences ainsi que les points forts et les points faibles des droits, nous permettant ainsi de dégager des perspectives pour les deux systèmes juridiques. Notre étude concerne d’une part, l’incompatibilité du régime de communauté à l’exercice professionnelle du chef d’entreprise individuelle avec ou sans la participation de son conjoint sans ignorer les droits et intérêts légitimes des créanciers professionnels ; d’autre part, l’analyse des divers moyens de protection du patrimoine du chef d’entreprise tant en droit des régimes matrimoniaux qu’en droit des affaires
The exercise of a profession in an individual capacity allows the entrepreneur to enjoy a great freedom of management, but he must incur unlimited liability on all of his property. In case of marriage under a community regime, the common property of the spouses is likely to be seized by the professional creditors. This finding is affirmed by both legislators Vietnamese and French. Also, the question of protecting the personal patrimony of the individual entrepreneur and that of his family is the main concern of our study. Is the community regime an ideal matrimonial regime for the individual entrepreneur? If not, which measures can he put in place to protect his patrimony? It is this problem that our study "the patrimonial status of the individual entrepreneur married under community regime in Vietnamese-French comparative law" will attempt to provide answers. The comparative study is limited to the case of the individual entrepreneur at the civil level by demonstrating the convergences and divergences as well as the strengths and weaknesses of both laws, thus allowing us to identify perspectives for both legal systems. Our study concerns, on the one hand, the incompatibility of the community regime with the exercise of a profession of the individual entrepreneur with or without the participation of his spouse without ignoring the legitimate rights and interests of the professional creditors; on the other hand, the analysis of the various measures of protecting the patrimony of the individual entrepreneur in both matrimonial regime law and business law

Le respect de la personne humaine doit conduire a admettre le mariage du malade mental. Ce principe s'inscrit dans la politique generale d'insertion des malades mentaux dans notre societe, politique defendue par les psychiatres. Toutes les regles relatives a la formation du mariage, a la vie matrimoniale et a la dissolution du mariage doivent donc s'appliquer meme en cas de deficience mentale de l'un des epoux. Mais l'application pure et simple de ces dispositions ne peut etre envisagee : des regles protectrices de l'aliene mais egalement des textes permettant au conjoint sain d'esprit d'assurer la vie quotidienne du menage doivent etre prevus
Respect for the human being must lead to accept the marriage of the insane. This principle follows the general policy mainteined by the psychiatrits to insert the lunatics into our society. Then the juridical rules connected with forming a marriage, matrimony and dissolution of the marriage must be carried out even in the case of mental deficiency of one of the sponce. But the plain application of these arrangements can't be considered : protecting rules for the affected sponse as well as laws allowing the husband or wife of the lunatic to deal with their daily life must be ajusted

Cette thèse porte sur l’extension des aires de recrutement des conjoint·e·s au-delà des frontières et vise à mettre en lumière les transformations importantes qui touchent les unions transnationales depuis les années 1990. D’une part, il s’agit de comprendre les conditions sociologiques et historiques de l’augmentation de ces unions et, d’autre part, d’interroger leur caractère éminemment genré. Pour ce faire, la thèse se consacre à l’analyse des conjugalités franco-postsoviétiques et se déploie de manière kaléidoscopique : alliant méthodes qualitatives et quantitatives et naviguant entre différents sites d’enquête (Russie, Ukraine, Belarus, France), elle fait varier les échelles d’observation pour accéder aux logiques de la globalisation du marché matrimonial. La thèse restitue aussi un cheminement de recherche : elle passe ainsi par une analyse sociohistorique de régimes de genre situés produisant des masculinités et féminités (in)désirables, à une exploration ethnographique multisituée de l’entremise matrimoniale globalisée où ces projets de genre sont centraux, en passant par une étude quantitative des capitaux qui circulent et s’échangent sur le marché matrimonial globalisé. De là, la thèse plonge dans la complexité et l’épaisseur des parcours de vie en restituant en miroir les parcours de femmes postsoviétiques et d’hommes français engagé·e·s dans un mariage transnational. Si les premières donnent à voir des projets où s’entremêlent le matrimonial et le migratoire, les seconds sont avant tout dans une quête d’ascension sociale où le professionnel prime. De ces parcours parallèles surgissent néanmoins des points de rencontre : au cœur des interactions intimes, comprenant leur lot d’ajustements et de désajustements, émergent des réflexivités sur le genre produites à la fois dans l’expérience migratoire et par la conjugalité transnationale
This thesis focuses on the extension of spouses' recruitment areas beyond borders and aims to shed light on the important transformations that have affected transnational unions since the 1990s. On the one hand, it intends to understand the sociological and historical conditions of the increase of these unions and, on the other hand, to question their eminently gendered character. To do this, the thesis is devoted to the analysis of French-Post-Soviet conjugality and unfolds in a kaleidoscopic way: combining qualitative and quantitative methods and navigating between different fieldworks (Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, France), it varies the scales of observation in order to access the dynamics of the globalization of the marriage market. The thesis also presents a research path: it moves from a socio-historical analysis of situated gender regimes producing (in)desirable masculinities and femininities, to a multi-sited ethnography of global matrimonial matchmaking where these gender projects are central, through a quantitative study of the capitals that circulate and are exchanged on the globalized matrimonial market. From there, the thesis dives into the complexity and thickness of life-courses by mirroring the paths of post-Soviet women and French men engaged in a transnational marriage. If the first ones testify to projects where matrimonial and migratory aspects are intertwined, the second ones are above all in a quest for social ascension where the professional aspect prevails. From these parallel life-courses, however, points of encounter emerge: at the heart of intimate interactions, with their share of adjustments and maladjustment, emerge reflexivities on gender produced both by the migratory experience and by transnational conjugality

Étude comparative de l'autonomie professionnelle dans le couple marié en droit français et en droit Haïtien. L'autonomie, consacrée puis méconnue en droit haïtien, est l'exemple d'une intégration ambigüe du droit français dans le droit de la famille en Haïti. Par ailleurs, l'autonomie professionnelle se révèle être une "coutume", qui justifie de revoir la problématique dans un ordre juridique renouvelé
Comparative study of professional autonomy in the married couple in French law and Haitian law. Autonomy, then devoted unknown in Haitian law, is an example of an ambiguous integration of French law in family law in Haiti. In addition, professional autonomy appears to be a "custom", which justifies a review of the issue in a legal renewed