Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Matrices de corrélation'
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El, Maache Hamani. "Mesures d'association vectorielle basées sur des matrices de corrélation." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ32622.pdf.
Full textLenoble, Olivier. "Fonctions de corrélation de systèmes quantiques aléatoires." Aix-Marseille 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AIX22044.
Full textThanwerdas, Yann. "Géométries riemanniennes et stratifiées des matrices de covariance et de corrélation." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022COAZ4024.
Full textIn many applications, the data can be represented by covariance matrices or correlation matrices between several signals (EEG, MEG, fMRI), physical quantities (cells, genes), or within a time window (autocorrelation). The set of covariance matrices forms a convex cone that is not a Euclidean space but a stratified space: it has a boundary which is itself a stratified space of lower dimension. The strata are the manifolds of covariance matrices of fixed rank and the main stratum of Symmetric Positive Definite (SPD) matrices is dense in the total space. The set of correlation matrices can be described similarly.Geometric concepts such as geodesics, parallel transport, Fréchet mean were proposed for generalizing classical computations (interpolation, extrapolation, registration) and statistical analyses (mean, principal component analysis, classification, regression) to these non-linear spaces. However, these generalizations rely on the choice of a geometry, that is a basic operator such as a distance, an affine connection, a Riemannian metric, a divergence, which is assumed to be known beforehand. But in practice there is often not a unique natural geometry that satisfies the application constraints. Thus, one should explore more general families of geometries that exploit the data properties.First, the geometry must match the problem. For instance, degenerate matrices must be rejected to infinity whenever covariance matrices must be non-degenerate. Second, we should identify the invariance of the data under natural group transformations: if scaling each variable independently has no impact, then one needs a metric invariant under the positive diagonal group, for instance a product metric that decouples scales and correlations. Third, good numerical properties (closed-form formulae, efficient algorithms) are essential to use the geometry in practice.In my thesis, I study geometries on covariance and correlation matrices following these principles. In particular, I provide the associated geometric operations which are the building blocks for computing with such matrices.On SPD matrices, by analogy with the characterization of affine-invariant metrics, I characterize the continuous metrics invariant by O(n) by means of three multivariate continuous functions. Thus, I build a classification of metrics: the constraints imposed on these functions define nested classes satisfying stability properties. In particular, I reinterpret the class of kernel metrics, I introduce the family of mixed-Euclidean metrics for which I compute the curvature, and I survey and complete the knowledge on the classical metrics (log-Euclidean, Bures-Wasserstein, BKM, power-Euclidean).On full-rank correlation matrices, I compute the Riemannian operations of the quotient-affine metric. Despite its appealing construction and its invariance under permutations, I show that its curvature is of non-constant sign and unbounded from above, which makes this geometry practically very complex. I introduce computationally more convenient Hadamard or even log-Euclidean metrics, along with their geometric operations. To recover the lost invariance under permutations, I define two new permutation-invariant log-Euclidean metrics, one of them being invariant under a natural involution on full-rank correlation matrices. I also provide an efficient algorithm to compute the associated geometric operations based on the scaling of SPD matrices.Finally, I study the stratified Riemannian structure of the Bures-Wasserstein distance on covariance matrices. I compute the domain of definition of geodesics and the injection domain within each stratum and I characterize the length-minimizing curves between all the strata
Stojanovic, Alexandre. "Sur la distribution limite des valeurs propres dans des matrices aléatoires." Paris 7, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA077184.
Full textRagot, Sébastien. "Matrices densité : modélisation des densités de charge et d'impulsion : prédiction des propriétés solides." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ECAP0709.
Full textSergent, Michelle. "Contribution de la méthodologie de la recherche expérimentale à l'élaboration de matrices uniformes : application aux effets de solvants et de substituants." Aix-Marseille 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989AIX30007.
Full textEcherbault-Chaussade, Mireille. "Etude de modèles en mécanique statistique à fibre non-ordonnée." Toulouse 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU30143.
Full textLacroix-A-Chez-Toine, Bertrand. "Extreme value statistics of strongly correlated systems : fermions, random matrices and random walks." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS122/document.
Full textPredicting the occurrence of extreme events is a crucial issue in many contexts, ranging from meteorology to finance. For independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) random variables, three universality classes were identified (Gumbel, Fréchet and Weibull) for the distribution of the maximum. While modelling disordered systems by i.i.d. random variables has been successful with Derrida's random energy model, this hypothesis fail for many physical systems which display strong correlations. In this thesis, we study three physically relevant models of strongly correlated random variables: trapped fermions, random matrices and random walks.In the first part, we show several exact mappings between the ground state of a trapped Fermi gas and ensembles of random matrix theory. The Fermi gas is inhomogeneous in the trapping potential and in particular there is a finite edge beyond which its density vanishes. Going beyond standard semi-classical techniques (such as local density approximation), we develop a precise description of the spatial statistics close to the edge. This description holds for a large universality class of hard edge potentials. We apply these results to compute the statistics of the position of the fermion the farthest away from the centre of the trap, the number of fermions in a given domain (full counting statistics) and the related bipartite entanglement entropy. Our analysis also provides solutions to open problems of extreme value statistics in random matrix theory. We obtain for instance a complete description of the fluctuations of the largest eigenvalue in the complex Ginibre ensemble.In the second part of the thesis, we study extreme value questions for random walks. We consider the gap statistics, which requires to take explicitly into account the discreteness of the process. This question cannot be solved using the convergence of the process to its continuous counterpart, the Brownian motion. We obtain explicit analytical results for the gap statistics of the walk with a Laplace distribution of jumps and provide numerical evidence suggesting the universality of these results
Shadrokh, Ali. "Analyse comparative des tests de permutations en régression multiple et application à l'analyse de tableaux de distances." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006GRE10084.
Full textWhen the data generation process does not satisfy some of the assumptions founding the statistical inferences in the classic linear regression model, permutation tests offer a reliable nonparametric alternative for constructing distribution-free tests. The first application of the permutation test method%gy for statistical inference on the simple linear regression model can be traced back to papers by Fisher (1935) and Pitman (1937a, b, 1938). This resampling method is founded on hypothesis weaker than the ciassic parametric approach and which are easily checkable in practice: the exchangeability of the observations under the null hypothesis. There is general agreement concerning an appropriate permutation method yielding exact tests of hypotheses in the simple linear regression mode!. This is not the case, however, for partial tests needed in multiple linear regressions. Then, the problem becomes much trickier to test a null hypothesis concerning one partial regression coefficient. Due exchangeability properties are no more satisfied, and thus no exact test exists for that problem. Several asymptotically exact candidate methods have been proposed in that case. The main goal of our work aims at comparison of permutation test startegies adapted to the hypotheses of nullity of a partial coefficient regression in a linear regression model with p explanatory variables, conditionally on the information contained in the sam pie at hand. Four permutation test methods are compared, first on simulated data resorting to the double linear regression model, and then on theoretical grounds, in order to explore their unbiasedness properties, as weil as their power function's hierarchy. The results obtained are then extended to the general multiple linear regressions setting. A final chapter supplements our research by focussing on inferential problems met when dealing with partial dependence structures between inter-point distance matrices of finite order. We compared the adaptation of four candidate permutation test strategies in this context, the specificity of which relies on the complexities induced by the dependence structure existing between e/ements of a distance matrix. Therefore, we obtained resu/ts that revealed themselves quite different in this case from those obtained in the classic situation of linear regression applied to independent sam pies, which is the object of our simulations and formal developments presented in the first part of the thesis
Hajlaoui, Ayoub. "Emotion recognition and brain activity synchronization across individuals." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS623.
Full textAffective computing needs a better understanding of human emotion elicitation. Most contributions use modalities such as speech or facila expressions, that are limited by their alterability. Physiological signals such as EEG (electro-encephalography) are an interesting alaternative. EEG can reveal macroscopically invisible emotional states, and have already proved to be efficient in emotion classification. This thesis falls within this context. EEG signals are analysed in the time-frequency domain. Such signals are recorded from participants while they watch video excerpts which provoke different emotions. Variants of the Nonnegative Matrix Factorization (NMF) method are used. This method can decompose an EEG spectrogram into a product of two matrices : a dictionary of frequential atoms and an activation matrix. The focus is made on a variant named Group NMF. In this thesis, we also study Inter-Subject Correlation (ISC), which measures the correlation of EEG signals of two subjects exposed to the same stimuli. The idea is to link the ISC level to the nature of the elicited emotion. Understanding the link between ISC and the elicited emotion then allows to design Group NMF methods that are adapated to EEG-based emotion recognition
Ait, Lyazidi Saâdia. "Rôle de l'eau et de la liaison hydrogène dans la structure et spectroscopie des molécules TICT : Corrélation d'une étude conformationnelle avec l'absorption et la fluorescence double d'anilines para-substituées en solutions et en matrices polymériques." Bordeaux 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986BOR10583.
Full textPortais, Mathilde. "Matrice de diffusion en interaction de configuration : résonances orbitalaires et électronique moléculaire quantique." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00957409.
Full textAhdida, Abdelkoddousse. "Processus matriciels : simulation et modélisation de la dépendance en finance." Thesis, Paris Est, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PEST1154/document.
Full textAfter a short introduction (in French) to the multi dimensional modelling for index pricing problems, the first part of the thesis treats the simulation of stochastic differential equations defined on the cone of symmetric positive semi-definite matrices. Indeed, we present several second order discretization schemes associated to a general class of affine processes defined on $posm.$ We study also their weak convergence. We pay a special attention to Wishart processes, which are considered as a particular case of this class and have been frequently used in finance. In this case, we give an exact scheme and a third order discretization one. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first exact sampling of the Wishart distribution without any restrictions on its parameters. Some algorithm are proposed in order to enhance all scheme in term of computation of time. We show numerical illustrations of our convergence and compare it to the theoretical rate. We then focus on other type of processes defined on the correlation matrix space. For this purposes, We propose a new stochastic differential equation defined on $crr.$ We prove the weak and the strong existence of such solutions. These processes are considered as the extension of Wright-Fisher processes (or Jacobi process) on correlation matrices. We shed light on a useful connection with Wishart processes and Wright-Fisher multi-allèles. Moreover, we explicitly present their moments, which enable us to describe the ergodic limit. Other results about Girsanov representations are also given. Finally, in order to use these processes in practice, we propose second order discretization schemes based on two different methods. Numerical experiments are presented to show the convergence. The last part is devoted to multi dimension modelling in finance for baskets and indices pricing. After giving a mathematical analysis of models defined either by the correlation matrix or in the positive semi-definite semi positive one, we ask if we find the adequate structure of correlation models which is able to calibrate both the index options market and the single options market related to each component of this index. For this purpose, we propose two types of modelling, the first uses a local model correlation and the second derives from a pure stochastic correlation model. Moreover, we explain different routines that have been used for improved calibration
Valeyre, Sébastien. "Modélisation fine de la matrice de covariance/corrélation des actions." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2019. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-03180258.
Full textA new methodology has been introduced to clean the correlation matrix of single stocks returns based on a constrained principal component analysis using financial data. Portfolios were introduced, namely "Fundamental Maximum Variance Portfolios", to capture in an optimal way the risks defined by financial criteria ("Book", "Capitalization", etc.). The constrained eigenvectors of the correlation matrix, which are the linear combination of these portfolios, are then analyzed. Thanks to this methodology, several stylized patterns of the matrix were identified: i) the increase of the first eigenvalue with a time scale from 1 minute to several months seems to follow the same law for all the significant eigenvalues with 2 regimes; ii) a universal law seems to govern the weights of all the "Maximum variance" portfolios, so according to that law, the optimal weights should be proportional to the ranking based on the financial studied criteria; iii) the volatility of the volatility of the "Maximum Variance" portfolios, which are not orthogonal, could be enough to explain a large part of the diffusion of the correlation matrix; iv) the leverage effect (increase of the first eigenvalue with the decline of the stock market) occurs only for the first mode and cannot be generalized for other factors of risk. The leverage effect on the beta, which is the sensitivity of stocks with the market mode, makes variable theweights of the first eigenvector
Clochefert, Laurent. "Matériaux composites à matrice intermétallique TiAl renforcée par des fibres de carbone : corrélation entre interactions chimiques fibres-matrice et comportement mécanique." Bordeaux 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR10663.
Full textBlouin, Jean. "Etude et réalisation d'une caméra de télévision destinée au traitement des signaux enregistré sur un oscilloscope rapide." Bordeaux 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986BOR10608.
Full textBalvay, Daniel. "Qualité de la modélisation en imagerie dynamique de la microcirculation avec injection d'un agent de contraste : nouveaux critères et applications en multimodalité." Paris 11, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA112147.
Full textThe microcirculation dynamic imaging could be a relevant imaging when used in addition with more conventional medical imaging. The dynamic data are modeled, pixel by pixel, to provide microcirculation parameters maps. However there is no efficient tool to assess the modeling quality. The relevance of the parametric maps provided by the dynamic imaging is then limited. Here, we show that a qualitative and quantitative study of the modeling quality needs first to distinguish two questions : the quality of the data fits and the robusness for the random noise. To separate the questions, we designed a new autocorrelation based method which is able to estimate the amplitude of both the correlated and not correlated component of a signal. This method allowed us to correct the correlation coefficient R² and the covariance matrix estimation. It allowed us to define new reliability criteria and a corrected covariance matrix to replace the more conventional indicators. It was shown, on simulated data and in MR data, that new reliabily criteria are obviously better than the R² to assess fit quality. The corrected covariance matrix which assess the robustness and the redoundancy can be calculated in addition to the reliability criteria unlike conventional one which is limited to good data fits. Thus the modeling quality is obviously improved by the new indicators. It should improve the clinical use of microcirculation dynamic imaging where guaranties are needed against artefact. The interest of the new criteria is showed on many different dynamic data. More generaly the new indicators appear as new efficient tools for signal analysis
Le, Duc Aurélien. "Glycogénome et maladies à prions : étude de la corrélation entre l’expression du gène Chst8 et l'apparition de PrPres." Limoges, 2009. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/1f600ef2-d4bb-4c6e-94c3-de2b41e43987/blobholder:0/2009LIMO4015.pdf.
Full textPrPc / PrPres conversion is the main characteristic of prion diseases. Although more and more data argue in favour of the protein only hypothesis to explain the phenomenon, cofactors can also intervene. Among them, the glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) appear as good candidates. By the use of a natural scrapie strain (127S) or a recombinant a- or ß- folded PrP, the PrPres appearance was induced in the MOv cell line. The conversion of PrP is a two-step process, and the two phases can be distinguished by the use of the recombinant a- or ß- folded PrP. TLDA analysis of genes involved in GAG metabolism, in the early step of conversion, underscores that 38 genes (including Chst8) have a modified expression, independently of the structural state of the PrP used. The second step is associated with chronic expression or clearance of PrPres. It comes with specific modifications of 6 genes (Has3, Hyal3, Chst4, Chst5, Chst7, Hs3st3a1), depending on the structure of the PrP used. These results suggest an alteration of the sulphation pattern of ECM GAGs. The association of such modulations is thought to provoke quantitative and qualitative changes in the GAGs from the ECM, which would favour the conversion of PrP in a first step and its chronic expression in a second step. These results suggest the existence of a sulfatation code. Its impairment would favour the PrP conversion, opening new therapeutic fields of research to cure conformationnal diseases
Kechaou, Borhane. "Corrélation entre propriétés diélectriques et mécaniques de composites à matrice époxyde renforcée par des fibres de verres E." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2003. http://bibli.ec-lyon.fr/exl-doc/bkechaou.pdf.
Full textTwo unidirectional glass fiber reinforced polymers composite materials, being different only by the nature of the fiber/matrix interface (sizing), were studied. The approach is based on the fact that any stress, whatever its nature (electric, mechanical, radiative, thermal. . . ), applied to a dielectric material led to an injection of electric charges. These charges can diffuse or be trapped. To simulate these phenomena, the "mirror method" (Scanning Electron Microscopy Mirror Effect SEMME) were used. It is shown that the fiber/matrix interfaces impose a greater instability of the charges, with a double role of motion but also of trapping of the charges along the interface. A composite which has a sizing allowing the diffusion, therefore limiting the localization of the polarization energy, is consequently preferable from the mechanical or tribological point of view
Bachmar, Karim. "Les quadriconsonantiques dans le lexique de l'arabe." Phd thesis, Ecole normale supérieure de lyon - ENS LYON, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00672544.
Full textPuyo-Pain, Matthieu. "Comportement mécanique d'assemblages de composites 2D SiCf/SiC brasés par un joint à base-silicium : mesures de champs par corrélation d'images numériques en conditions extrêmes." Bordeaux 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR12905.
Full textLiénard, E. "Mesures du coefficient de corrélation angulaire B-v dans les transitions B nucléaires." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Caen, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00577620.
Full textEl, Mehdi Abdelmalek. "Calcul des paramètres de bruit d'un circuit micro-ondes et leurs sensibilités de 1er et 2ème ordre par rapport au courant de polarisation du transistor bipolaire." Paris 6, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA066534.
Full textMansouri, Ouided. "La corrélation phono-sémantique [+ approximant], [+ continu] "amener quelque chose à soi" en arabe et en hébreu et ses conséquences sur l'explication de l'homonymie et l'organisation du lexique de l'arabe." Lyon, Ecole normale supérieure, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ENSL0080.
Full textIn the introduction we presented the theory of the matrix and etymons and the development of the theory as wel as the matrix and we have identified untel now. Then we studied the phono-semantic correlation [+ approximant] , [+ continuant], "bring something to him self" in arabic, withch allowed us to organize the conceptual field of this phono-semantic correlation. Afterwards we searched for the terms which include a (guttural) and (+ continuant). And we found that the guttural exhibit the same proprieties us the approximant "r" and "l". In the second chapter we searched for the same proprieties in hebrew. We studied the development of the etymon in hebrew. We performed a first despoliation to look for the terms which include "r" and "l" with (+ continuant), then we made second despoliation concerning the gutturals (+ continuant). In the third chapter we explained the disambiguation of the terms which realize the phono-semantic correlation. In the forth chapter, we proceeded to the reorganization of the lexicon realizing the phono-semantic correlation [+ approximant], [+ continuant] "bring something to himself". We provided the list of the verbs of the Kazimir database which were analyzed and reorganized us a realization of the phono-semantic correlation that we studied
Trudel, Dominique. "Corrélation entre la protéase de la matrice extracellulaire MMP2 et le pronostic du cancer de la prostate : étude des mécanismes sous-jacents." Thesis, Université Laval, 2004. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2004/21981/21981.pdf.
Full textIntroduction: The matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) is associated with poor prognosis in many neoplasms. MMP14 activates MMP2 using pro-MMP2 specific inhibitor TIMP2 as a receptor. Activated MMP2 degrades extracellular matrix components such as collagen and gelatin, and activates other MMPs including MMP9 (gelatinase B). We therefore tested the influence of MMP9, MMP14 and TIMP2 expression on prostate cancer (Pca) disease-free survival and the association between MMP2, MMP9, MMP14 and TIMP2. Stromal MMP14 involvement in tumor growth was also tested. Material and methods: By immunohistochemistry, we analyzed 200 T3NxM0 Pca cases. We evaluated marker expression separately in cancer, stromal and benign epithelial (BE) cells according to a percentage scale (0, < 10, 10-50 and ≥ 50%) and to low (< 10%) or high (≥ 10%) expression of the markers. MCF7 cells were injected subcutaneously to nu/nu mice with MMP14 -/- fibroblasts and their growth was compared to MCF7 + MMP14 +/+ fibroblasts tumors. Results: Median follow-up was 4.61 years. MMP9 overexpression in cancer cells was associated with high Gleason score (8-10) (p = 0.0009). Low initial PSA serum levels (≤ 20ng/ml) were indirectly associated with MMP14 overexpression in BE cells (p = 0.0027) and with MMP9 overexpression in stromal (p = 0.0050) and BE cells (p = 0.0056). There was a decreased risk of Pca recurrence with high (≥ 10%) TIMP2 expression in stromal cells (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.573, p = 0.0233) and an increased risk of Pca recurrence with MMP2 expression by > 50% of BE cells (HR = 3.006, p = 0.0387). Increased risk of Pca recurrence was also observed with high MMP2 expression (HR = 1.549, p = 0.0027, trend test) and with the following combinations: low TIMP2 in stromal cells and high MMP2 in BE cells (HR = 4.121, p < 0.0001); high MMP2 in stromal cells and low TIMP2 in cancer cells (HR = 2.742, p = 0.0171). MCF7 studies suggest MMP14 stromal involvement in Pca implantation. Conclusions: MMP9 and MMP14 are involved mostly in Pca implantation. MMP2 and TIMP2 might be used as predictors of disease-free survival in T3NxM0 Pca.
Ahdida, Abdelkoddousse, and Abdelkoddousse Ahdida. "Processus matriciels : simulation et modélisation de la dépendance en finance." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00674813.
Full textZellouf, Djamel-Eddine. "Etude de la dégradation hygrothermique de matériaux composites à matrice polymère par des techniques ultrasonores : corrélations avec des mesures mécaniques et micromécaniques." Lyon, INSA, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ISAL0022.
Full textThe hygrothermal degradation of polymer-matrix composite materials is one of the most important processes that lead to the decrease of the viscoelastic properties of these materials. The aim of this work is to detect and evaluate the hot water-induced damage within the composite, both upon matrix and interfaces. Thus, an experimental device has been implemented, based on the ultrasonic spectroscopy principle, and validated by mean of samples of polymeric materials having different structures and morphologies. Such an apparatus makes easy to follow the evolution of the damage by measuring of the frequential dependencies of the ultrasonic velocity and attenuation. However, since this reliable technique doesn't allow the following of the material anisotropy during a long hot water immersion, a variable incidence characterization technique have been used, which is capable to give informations about the evolution of the elastic tensor of this material. Ali ultrasonic results are then compared with those obtained from several well-known techniques like a dynamic mechanical spectroscopy, creep, micro indentation and the 3 points bending. This study showed the high ability of the ultrasonic techniques to identify each type of damage process that could be induced within the composite, both on matrix and interfaces regions
Nallatamby, Jean-Christophe. "Détermination des caractéristiques en bruit des circuits non-linéaires à l'aide des formalismes de conversion de fréquence et de matrice de corrélation des sources de bruit." Limoges, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LIMO0153.
Full textOubaha, Khalid. "Transport micro-ondes dans un milieu complexe vers une communication sans fil à base des circuits intégrés." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020COAZ4061.
Full textNowadays, modern wireless communication systems that are operating at high frequencies in the microwave band, are massively emerging. To avoid compact architectures of electronic systems, we explore wireless communication between printed circuits integrated into the electronic systems. Several problems encountered in these systems are related to the effect of the environment on wireless communication and the protection against adverse effects. This requires new electromagnetic simulation techniques to describe the field and the system response in these environments. Along with the microwave experiments, random matrix theory (RMT) enables to theoretically study wireless communication in complex environment.This manuscrit is diveded in three main topics:On the one hand, an illustration of the situation where all the ingredients are implemented namely, a Printed Circuit Board (PCB) with transmission lines inside a cavity. I present an experimental study, which highlights the effect of the partially reverberating environment on the crosstalk of two printed lines, as well as the currents on these lines. The latter should be taken into account to guarantee the proper functioning of the PCB.On the other hand, a chaotic reverberating chamber (CRC) was designed to statistically analyze the behavior of the transmission inside a complex environment. The international standard fix several statistical criteria with which the RC have to comply. Fulfilling all criteria guarantees that the field inside the cavity is isotropic and the field components follow a bivariate Gaussian distribution. In the electromagnetic community, this is the so-called Hill’s hypothesis. This hypothesis is typically realized when the resonance overlap is large. I have experimentally studied several statistic properties of the electromagnetic response in a CRC. The effects of the modal overlap on the reflection and the transmission distributions have been analyzed. In addition to this, we have compared the experimental distributions to numerical predictions based on Random Matrix Theory. I also verified the relation between the mean frequency spacing of the maxima and the average decay rate of the cavity predicted by Schroeder and Kuttruff for a high modal overlap in acoustic rooms.Finaly, we have developed a new method to estimate the number of uncorrelated samples (NIS) in a CRC. We have suggested a perspective for NIS estimation based on the characteristic scale of maxima dynamics as a function of the stirrer angle
Andreani, Anne-Sophie. "Revêtements céramiques réfractaires à résistance accrue à l’oxydation : corrélation entre mécanisme de diffusion, microstructure et composition." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR14172/document.
Full textIn order to improve material’s lifetime used at a temperature above 2500°C and under oxidizing atmosphere, a solution is to use a surfacing protection constituted of non oxide refractory materials. One of the main objectives of this thesis is to select and experimentally validate new chemical coating compositions which will be used under corrosive and oxidizing atmosphere at ultra high temperature (more than 2000°C). A preliminary thermodynamic and thermo-chemical study aims to select compounds. These compounds are then analyzed with physic-chemical tests. Coatings have to be chemically stable, thermo-mechanically compatible with the substrate and have to stick to the substrate from ambient temperature to more than 2000°C. Moreover, coatings have to act as an environmental barrier and/or as a thermal barrier.Two kinds of oxidation tests are made. On one hand, non oxide massive material’s systems are fabricated by spark plasma sintering in order to be tested at the solar furnace. On the other hand, composite models are fabricated by PVD. A carbon fiber is covered with ultra refractory metallic coating by PVD. Then, these composite models are heated by Joule effect in order to realize oxidation tests. Understanding mechanisms at work during the oxidation of these new coatings is another main objective of this thesis. This understanding will be also useful to classify these materials regarding their resistance to oxidation
Perrier, Amélie. "Influence du vieillissement hydrique suer le comportement mécanique de l'interface fil/matrice dans les composites chanvre/époxy." Thesis, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ESMA0019/document.
Full textThis study deals with the analysis of the influence of water on hemp/epoxy composites. Two resins have been used, one being 100 % petrochemical (Epolam) and the other one partially bio-based (Greenpoxy). The water absorption of the woven composites have been measured with gravimetric analyses. The results showed a Langmuir-type absorption, and depends on several parameters (type of resin, fibres and fabric, fibre ratio and thickness). DMA and DSC tests realised on resins showed the plasticizing effect of water and an irreversible modification of their properties after the water ageing. Microscopic observations of the composite at the yarn scale helped to detect that cracks between hemp fibres and epoxy matrix appear and develop right from the start of the desorption. Moreover, observations by photoelasticimetry showed an irreversible reorganisation of internal stresses due to this damage. Next, quasi-static tensile tests have been performed on woven composites and resins. The water ageing has modified the mechanical properties of the materials as well as the evolution of damage, which has been studied by acoustic emission and X-ray tomography.For a better understanding of the yarn/matrix interface behaviour, different tests have been developed with specific single yarn composites, in which the yarn is oriented at 45° or 90° in regard to the main axis of the specimen. First, nanoindentation tests have been performed, to measure the properties in situ of each component of the composites before and after water ageing. A second type of tests, based on the laser shock wave method, has been used to determine the quality of adhesion between the yarn and the resin. Finally, tensile tests on a micromachine under an optical microscope have been developed with the aim of measuring strain fields by digital image correlation. The results demonstrated that local strains are higher after a water ageing and that this phenomenon is more pronounced in the hemp/Greenpoxy than in the hemp/Epolam. The development of a finite element model led to estimate the local constitutive law of the different components of the composites and to study the evolution of the modulus after the ageing
Bombard, Nicolas. "Conception d'un échantillon modèle en matériaux composites et caractérisation par microtomographie à rayons-X développement d'un outil de mesure de champs de déplacements tridimensionnels." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2011. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1617.
Full textLacondemine, Tanguy. "Initiation et propagation d'une fissure dans un composite particulaire à matrice verre : expérimentation et analyse numérique." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REN1S094.
Full textThe inclusion of particles in a glass offers the possibility of functionalizing and strengthening the material. Here, the X-ray absorption contrast between the matrix and inclusions allows tomographic images to be analyzed by image correlation, and displacement fields to be measured during in-situ mechanical tests. Initially, the initiation and propagation of cracking by sharp contact loading at the surface is studied using Vickers in-situ indentation tests under synchrotron X-ray tomography. An analytical model describing the displacement fields (elastic deformation and densification) under the indentation site is then experimentally validated. In a second step, the toughness of glass matrix particulate composites is determined using the SEPB method. The evolution of KI is measured during the final three-point bending phase by image correlation. Finally, DCDC tests allow a crack to propagate in a controlled way. An optical observation highlights the interactions between the crack and inclusions and the evolution of KI during loading is also measured. In-situ X-ray tomography provides access to the distribution of KI along the crack front and the influence of T-stress on crack propagation is discussed
Ighil, Ameur Lamine. "Étude expérimentale du phénomène de l’endommagement et de la fissuration d’une matrice poreuse." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0228/document.
Full textThe objective of this experimental research is to contribute to understanding phenomena of damage and cracking in saturated clay soils under hydric loading (desiccation) and mechanical loading (stress paths). Mechanical study focuses on identifying the elastic properties of the damaged material under triaxial loading at different levels and stress paths. The main issues were the influence of; the consolidation stress (p'ic), the overconsolidation ratio (OCR) and the stress path on the compression wave velocity. The results show that the elastic properties are affected and evolve with strain. Contractancy appears to increase the compression wave velocity as p'ic increase and densifies the material. However, dilatancy seems rather decrease the compression wave velocity. Moreover, various triaxial paths performed at a given stress level showed that the wave velocities are very close if the paths are normally consolidated. Velocities are also close if the paths are overconsolidated. However, at the same stress state, the wave velocity is different when comparing a normally consolidated path with an overconsolidated path. The second part of the study focuses on a thorough analysis of the cracks' initiation and propagation mechanisms under free and controlled desiccation on initial saturated clay. Analysis via the digital image correlation (DIC) allowed, first, a multi-scales characterization of the shrinkage phenomenon operated during drying. Different phenomena were identified; the relaxation phenomenon characterized by a change of the local strain's sign extension / compression, the cracking mechanism by extension (mode I) identified by the map of the directions of the principal strains. The study was completed with indirect tensile tests by bending performed on kaolin k13 beams initially submitted to different suctions. The effect of the initial suction on the tensile strength has been observed. The results show that more the initial suction is high, the greater the slope of the curve of changes in the tensile strength is high. On the other hand, strain of the tension zone of the beam reaches its critical value when the stress reaches the maximum tensile strength of the clay
Takouda, Pawoumodom Ledogada. "Problèmes d'approximation matricielle linéaires coniques : approches par projections et via optimisation sous contraintes de semidéfinie positivité." Toulouse 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU30129.
Full textWechs, Julian. "Relations causales multipartites en théorie quantique." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALY008.
Full textIn recent years, the investigation of causal relations in quantum theory has attracted a lot of interest. In particular, it has been found that it is possible to conceive of scenarios where some parties perform operations that are compatible with quantum theory locally, but that cannot be embedded into a global background causal structure. Such indefinite causal structures are of interest from a fundamental point of view, but also from the perspective of quantum information processing, since they do not fit into the usual paradigm of quantum circuits, which assumes a definite causal order. The main aim of this thesis is to study indefinite quantum causal relations involving more than two parties. Compared to the bipartite case, there are many new aspects and complications that arise in multipartite situations, which need to be clarified in order to fundamentally understand quantum causal structures, and to shed light on their implications and potential usefulness for quantum information processing.A suitable mathematical framework for the investigation of quantum causal relations is the process matrix formalism. In this framework, the notion of causal nonseparability was introduced in order to qualify scenarios that are incompatible with a definite causal order. In Chapter 2, we study how to generalise this concept to the multipartite case, how to characterise multipartite causally (non)separable quantum processes, and how to certify multipartite causal nonseparability. Another important topic is to determine which quantum scenarios with indefinite causal order are physically implementable, and how they can be realised concretely. In Chapter 3, we introduce two new classes of physically realisable multipartite quantum processes, and characterise them in terms of their process matrix descriptions. In particular, we define the class of quantum circuits with quantum control of causal order. The simplest example of such a circuit is the quantum switch, a protocol in which the order between two operations is controlled by a qubit in a superposition state, and which defines a causally nonseparable process. The class we introduce also contains more general examples of causally nonseparable processes with new features. We then show how the process matrix characterisation of this class allows us to search for new quantum information processing applications of causal nonseparability. In Chapter 4, we investigate a particular quantum communication effect in a scenario involving coherent control between two quantum channels. This leads us to a more general analysis of the notion of a coherently controlled channel, which involves certain subtilities. In Chapter 5, we turn to another problem that arises in multipartite scenarios, namely whether a given phenomenon is genuinely multipartite or not. More particularly, we study genuinely multipartite (non)causal correlations. In Chapter 6, we show that anomalous weak values are possible without post-selection. In Chapter 7, we show that certain tripartite process matrices, namely those that are unitarily extensible, have a realisation on so-called time-delocalised subsystems, i.e., quantum subsystems that are not associated with a definite time. The class of unitarily extensible tripartite process matrices is larger than the class of quantum circuits with quantum control, and in particular contains processes that violate so-called causal inequalities
Badon, Amaury Axel. "Approche matricielle de l'imagerie optique des milieux diffusants." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC206/document.
Full textMy thesis was devoted to the study of the propagation of optical waves in inhomogeneous media in an attempt to push back the fundamental limits of optical imaging: multiple scattering and aberrations. In a first part, we combined the tools and the formalism developed initially for acoustic waves with techniques peculiar to the field of optics. Thanks to a system that allows to both control and measure the optical field, we record the output responses of a scattering medium for a given set of input fields. This collection of input-output responses forms a matrix called the reflection matrix. We then exploit the spatial and temporal contents of this matrix to discriminate the ballistic and the multiple scattered light. The first contribution provides an image with a diffraction limited resolution of an object placed behind or embedded in a turbid medium, while the second contribution offers information on the transport of light in the diffusive regime.The second study was dedicated to the measurement of a coherent information from a totally incoherent source. It has been shown in acoustics and seismology that correlations of an In my thesis, we extended this property to optical waves. In particular, we demonstrated the measurement of an impulse response between individual scatterers with a femtosecond resolution using a simple halogen white light source. Following this proof of principle, the characterization of the transport properties of a medium was performed from a collection of impulse responses in the diffusive regime
Mazerat, Stéphane. "Fibres de renfort pour composites SiC/SiC : amélioration et corrélation de la durée de vie sous air à T<900°C avec la réactivité chimique." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR14554/document.
Full textCeramic Matrix Composites (CMC) are technical materials, made of a matrix reinforced by continuous fibers, considered for civil aircraft jet engine. Although the matrix and the interphase were extensively studied in past decades, reinforcement did not gain much attention however it pilots the ultimate failure of the composite. This work is dedicated to the first generation SiC fibers containing a large amount of oxygen and is divided in two parts. Firstly, chemical reactivity of Si-C-O fibers is studied against chloride, oxidant of phosphating gases. Apparent activation energies appear as an intrinsic property and are correlated with physicochemical or microstructural properties. Among observations, we show that the nature of the metallic element, such as titanium or zirconium, greatly influence the chemical stability of the fibers, however their proportion is low (1at. %). Thereafter, delayed failure of Si-C-O tows has been studied in order to predict it at intermediate temperatures (400-900°C). A statistical approach of tows’ lifetime allows us to define the survival probability at given condition, key point for the composite certification. Results were correlated to fibers properties and their chemical reactivity suggesting two damaging phenomena leading to the tows failure: slow crack growth or static oxidation. To overcome the instability of some fibers (doped with titanium), phosphating treatment was used to transform the surface of each fiber in multilayer silicophosphate coating acting as an environmental barrier. Obviously, mechanical properties of the fibers core were not affected by this etching reaction. A clear oxidation resistance and lifetime enhancement of the tows was reached by this route
TAKOUDA, Pawoumodom Ledogada. "Problèmes d'approximation matricielle linéaires coniques: Approches par Projections et via Optimisation sous contraintes de semi-définie positivité." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005469.
Full textKeller, Gaëlle. "Génération et caractérisation d'états intriqués en variables continues." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00265679.
Full textLa question de la caractérisation de ces corrélations est largement abordée, en particulier dans le cas des états gaussiens. Le formalisme mathématique des matrices de covariance, particulièrement adapté à cette étude, est développé ; et les différents critères existants sont répertoriés.
Ces critères permettent de caractériser le degré d'intrication des faisceaux générés par le dispositif expérimental au cœur de cette thèse : un Oscillateur Paramétrique Optique auto-verrouillé en phase. Au-dessous du seuil, les faisceaux, de valeur moyenne nulle, présentent une séparabilité de 0,33. Le système viole de manière apparente l'inégalité de Heisenberg de 58%. Au-dessus du seuil, les faisceaux brillants obtenus sont également fortement non classiques : la séparabilité vaut 0,76 et l'inégalité de Heisenberg est violée en apparence de 24%.
Une application originale de ce dispositif est proposée : il est montré théoriquement qu'un OPO à deux cristaux auto-verrouillé en phase génère deux faisceaux intriqués en polarisation, ce qui devrait faciliter le transfert de l'intrication de la lumière à la matière.
Foumouo, Emmanuel. "Problème coulombien à trois corps en champ haute fréquence : application à l'étude de l'ionisation double à deux photons de l'hélium." Université catholique de Louvain, 2008. http://edoc.bib.ucl.ac.be:81/ETD-db/collection/available/BelnUcetd-02172008-222015/.
Full textReynaud, Yohan. "Développement d’outils et de méthodes in vitro pour comprendre et simuler la digestion d’aliments à base de protéines végétales." Thesis, Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NSARB334.
Full textIn a context of increasing demand for plant proteins, it is important to properly estimate their nutritional quality, and especially their digestibility. Human and pig models are recommended for that, but these models are complex to implement due to ethical considerations. It is therefore interesting to simulate digestion on in vitro systems. This PhD project aims thus to better understand the phenomena that affect the digestion of plant proteins and to simulate it on in vitro models according to the physiology. Four model meals with the same macronutrient contents have been developed, whose proteins were exclusively provided by the seitan, the tofu, the soya juice or the pea emulsion. First, we collected from the minipig at different levels of their digestive (the stomach, duodenum and the ileum),data for each food necessary to implement dynamic in vitro system (DiDGI®). We observed different kinetics depending on the kind of food. The pH kinetic in the gastric phase and the flux of bolus at the ileal level were specifically impacted. In a second step, different measurements regarding the protein breakdown were followed and compared in the samples collected at different locations and times during the in vivo and the dynamic in vitro food-dependent digestions. Overall, good correlation results were found between the two models, showing that the food-dependent digestion programs developed for DiDGI® can mimic digestion in a consistent manner. It has been shown that some physiological parameters are dependent on the nature of the food ingested, such as the gastric acidifica
Berny, Myriam. "High-temperature tests for ceramic matrix composites : from full-field regularised measurements to thermomechanical parameter identification." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPAST028.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is firstly to develop procedures of full-field measurements with Digital Image Correlation (DIC), coupled to thermal measurements, suitable for high-temperature experiments on CMC specimens under thermal conditions representative of an engine environment. Secondly, a methodology is proposed for identifying the thermal and thermomechanical properties of the material, quantifying at each stage of the chain the uncertainties associated with the quantities of interest and strategies to reduce them. It was necessary to deal with the challenges due to high temperatures, especially for DIC, either in terms of acquisition (saturation, loss of contrast) or measurement (artefacts due to the mirage effect, also called "heat haze effect").This work has led to the development of a calibration protocol for a multi-instrumented bench using either an in-situ calibration target or by self-calibration using the specimen itself and its environment. 3D surface displacement measurements (with global stereocorrelation approaches) and thermal measurements have made it possible to highlight the heat haze effect phenomenon. Spatiotemporal regularisation strategies of the measured displacements were proposed and allowed satisfactory results to be obtained (significant reduction of measurement uncertainties). Similarly, model reduction approaches (POD) have been used to process thermal data and quantify the uncertainties associated with convective phenomena. Finally, a weighted Finite-Element Model Updating (FEMU) algorithm on both temperature and displacement data was implemented in order to identify a set of thermal and thermomechanical properties, taking into account the sensitivity of each parameter with regard to measurement uncertainties
Ghazel, Ramzi. "Méthodes de caractérisation en bruit des dispositifs radiofréquences multi accès." Thesis, Limoges, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIMO0122.
Full textIn any microwave telecommunication system, noise performance is a very important criterion for receiving chain devices. Knowledge of the internal noise sources of the components and their correlation makes it possible to predict and optimize the noise performance of a receiver. This theme is the subject of numerous studies and publications around the world. The work proposed in this thesis consists in evaluating the noise performance of a multiport device (N-ports) in the most general sense and without any approximation, based on a new method of extracting the entire noise wave correlation matrix that contains all the information relating to noise performance. This new method is based on the use of noise wave formalism and the scattering matrix[S], the extraction results are validated by calculations and measurements on a two-port device (passive and active) and on a 4-port in standard and mixed mode (passive and active)
Tondo, Yoya Ariel Christopher. "Imagerie computationnelle active et passive à l’aide d’une cavité chaotique micro-ondes." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN1S130/document.
Full textThe broad topic of the presented Ph.D focuses on active and passive microwave computational imaging. The use of a chaotic cavity as a compressive component is studied both theoretically (mathematical model, algorithmic resolution of the inverse problem) and experimentally. The underlying idea is to replace an array of antennas with a single reverberant cavity with an array of openings on the front panel that encodes the spatial information of a scene in the temporal response of the cavity. The reverberation of electromagnetic waves inside the cavity provides the degrees of freedom necessary to reconstruct an image of the scene. Thus it is possible to create a high-resolution image of a scene in real time from a single impulse response. Applications include security or imaging through walls. In this work, the design and characterization of an open chaotic cavity is performed. Using this device, active computational imaging is demonstrated to produce images of targets of various shapes. The number of degrees of freedom is further improved by changing the boundary conditions with the addition of commercial fluorescent lamps. The interaction of the waves with these plasma elements allows new cavity configurations to be created, thus improving image resolution. Compressive imaging is next applied to the passive detection and localization of natural thermal radiation from noise sources, based on the correlation of signals received over two channels. Finally, an innovative method of interferometric target imaging is presented. It is based on the reconstruction of the impulse response between two antennas from the microwave thermal noise emitted by a network of neon lamps. This work constitutes a step towards for future imaging systems
Aubry, Alexandre. "Approche matricielle de l'opérateur de propagation des ondes ultrasonores en milieu diffusant aléatoire." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00004213.
Full textSomé, Sobom Matthieu. "Estimations non paramétriques par noyaux associés multivariés et applications." Thesis, Besançon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BESA2030/document.
Full textThis work is about nonparametric approach using multivariate mixed associated kernels for densities, probability mass functions and regressions estimation having supports partially or totally discrete and continuous. Some key aspects of kernel estimation using multivariate continuous (classical) and (discrete and continuous) univariate associated kernels are recalled. Problem of supports are also revised as well as a resolution of boundary effects for univariate associated kernels. The multivariate associated kernel is then defined and a construction by multivariate mode-dispersion method is provided. This leads to an illustration on the bivariate beta kernel with Sarmanov's correlation structure in continuous case. Properties of these estimators are studied, such as the bias, variances and mean squared errors. An algorithm for reducing the bias is proposed and illustrated on this bivariate beta kernel. Simulations studies and applications are then performed with bivariate beta kernel. Three types of bandwidth matrices, namely, full, Scott and diagonal are used. Furthermore, appropriated multiple associated kernels are used in a practical discriminant analysis task. These are the binomial, categorical, discrete triangular, gamma and beta. Thereafter, associated kernels with or without correlation structure are used in multiple regression. In addition to the previous univariate associated kernels, bivariate beta kernels with or without correlation structure are taken into account. Simulations studies show the performance of the choice of associated kernels with full or diagonal bandwidth matrices. Then, (discrete and continuous) associated kernels are combined to define mixed univariate associated kernels. Using the tools of unification of discrete and continuous analysis, the properties of the mixed associated kernel estimators are shown. This is followed by an R package, created in univariate case, for densities, probability mass functions and regressions estimations. Several smoothing parameter selections are implemented via an easy-to-use interface. Throughout the paper, bandwidth matrix selections are generally obtained using cross-validation and sometimes Bayesian methods. Finally, some additionnal informations on normalizing constants of associated kernel estimators are presented for densities or probability mass functions
Deladreue, Sophie. "Planification et fonctionnement des réseaux de grand transport de l'énergie électrique en environnement concurrentiel." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066094.
Full textBen'MBarek, Talel. "Utilisation d’une méthode optique sans contact pour décrire le comportement mécanique de composites bois/plastique ‘WPC’." Thesis, Pau, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PAUU3035/document.
Full textFirstly we have compared longitudinal strenght obtained by stereo correlation with mechanical extensometer forthe same tests. It is shown that macroscopic values of the longitudinal strain are closed to those measured bymechanical extensometers using standard mechanical tests. Four injected WPC formulations (with or withoutadditive and with 10% or 30% of wood) are consider. WPC surface particularities and wood fibers distributionon samples have no effect on WPC mechanical performances. Also 3D digital image correlation givesinformations on Tensile performances (from quality and quantity point of view). Cyclic tensile tests have beenperformed in order to analyse the damage of material. A non-linear behaviour is shown. The Modulus ofElasticity (MOE) is provided by a Maxwell-Bingham model fitted to the experimental tensile curves. Color mapsof the spatial strain distribution are commented. Moreover, the damage behaviour and the degree ofheterogeneity for several percentages of fibre wood-based WPC are analysed thanks to the spatial standarddeviation of the longitudinal strain field. With this technology it was possible to study of the mechanicalproperties in tensile and compression during four bending test. The second objective was to improve the linkbetween PEHD matrix and wood fibres because of the incompatibility between the polar hydrophilic wood fibresand the non-polar hydrophobic polyethylene. For this reason, the wood fibre was treated by maleic polyethyleneanhydride (MAPE) (grafting by copolymerization) and was acetylated (grafting of carbon chain). In this part, theeffect on the mechanical properties, of maleic anhydride modified polyethylene (MAPE) and of the length of thecarbon chain graft (CCG) between a (HDPE) matrix and wood fiber is studied. Furthermore, Scanning ElectronMicroscope (SEM) is used to characterize the morphology of the wood fibre / HDPE matrix interface forspecimens with carbon chain grafted
Ishak, Dany. "La conception d'un système ultrasonore passif couche mince pour l'évaluation de l'état vibratoire des cordes vocales." Thesis, Valenciennes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017VALE0043/document.
Full textIn this work, a speaker recognition approach using a contact microphone is developed and presented. The contact passive element is constructed from a piezoelectric material. In this context, the position of the piezoelectric transducer on the individual’s neck may greatly affect the quality of the collected signal and consequently the information extracted from it. Thus, the multilayered medium in which the sound propagates before being detected by the transducer is modeled. The best location on the individual’ neck to place a particular transducer element is determined by implementing Monte Carlo simulation techniques and consequently, the simulation results are verified using real experiments. The recognition is based on the signal generated from the vocal cords’ vibrations when an individual is speaking and not on the vocal signal at the output of the lips that is influenced by the resonances in the vocal tract. Therefore, due to the varying nature of the collected signal, the analysis was performed by applying the Short Term Fourier Transform technique to decompose the signal into its frequency components. These frequencies represent the vocal folds’ vibrations (50-1000 Hz). The features in terms of frequencies’ interval are extracted from the resulting spectrogram. Then, a 1-D vector is formed for identification purposes. The identification of the speaker is performed using two evaluation criteria, namely, the correlation similarity measure and the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) in conjunction with the Euclidean distance. The results show that a high percentage of recognition is achieved and the performance is much better than many existing techniques in the literature