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Journal articles on the topic 'Matrice MALDI'

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Published: 22 December 2023

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1

Rubakhin, Stanislav S., and Jonathan V. Sweedler. "Transparent triethylamine-containing MALDI matrices." Israel Journal of Chemistry 47, no. 2 (December 2007): 185–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1560/ijc.47.2.185.

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2

Meier, Michael A. R., Nico Adams, and Ulrich S. Schubert. "Statistical Approach To Understand MALDI-TOFMS Matrices: Discovery and Evaluation of New MALDI Matrices." Analytical Chemistry 79, no. 3 (February 2007): 863–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac061173v.

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3

HAZAMA, Hisanao, and Kunio AWAZU. "Matrices for MALDI Using an Infrared Laser." Journal of the Mass Spectrometry Society of Japan 64, no. 5 (2016): 183–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5702/massspec.s16-38.

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4

FUKUYAMA, Yuko. "MALDI MS Analysis Using Liquid Matrices." Journal of the Mass Spectrometry Society of Japan 64, no. 5 (2016): 175–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5702/massspec.s16-36.

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5

Fresnais, Margaux, Esra Yildirim, Seda Karabulut, Dirk Jäger, Inka Zörnig, Julia Benzel, Kristian W. Pajtler, et al. "Rapid MALDI-MS Assays for Drug Quantification in Biological Matrices: Lessons Learned, New Developments, and Future Perspectives." Molecules 26, no. 5 (February 26, 2021): 1281. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26051281.

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Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) has rarely been used in the field of therapeutic drug monitoring, partly because of the complexity of the ionization processes between the compounds to be quantified and the many MALDI matrices available. The development of a viable MALDI-MS method that meets regulatory guidelines for bioanalytical method validation requires prior knowledge of the suitability of (i) the MALDI matrix with the analyte class and properties for ionization, (ii) the crystallization properties of the MALDI matrix with automation features, and (iii) the MS instrumentation used to achieve sensitive and specific measurements in order to determine low pharmacological drug concentrations in biological matrices. In the present hybrid article/white paper, we review the developments required for the establishment of MALDI-MS assays for the quantification of drugs in tissues and plasma, illustrated with concrete results for the different steps. We summarize the necessary parameters that need to be controlled for the successful development of fully validated MALDI-MS methods according to regulatory authorities, as well as currently unsolved problems and promising ways to address them. Finally, we propose an expert opinion on future perspectives and needs in order to establish MALDI-MS as a universal method for therapeutic drug monitoring.

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6

Lin, Chih-Hao, Chuping Lee, Yu-Cheng Wu, and I.-Chung Lu. "New Strategy to Preserve Phosphate by Ionic Liquid Matrices in Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization: A Case of Adenosine Nucleotides." Molecules 25, no. 5 (March 8, 2020): 1217. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25051217.

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Adenosine -5′-triphosphate (ATP) plays a valuable role in metabolic activity to produce adequate energy in a biosystem. A high ATP/AMP ratio has a correlation with diabetes that induces suppression of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI)–mass spectrometry (MS) has outstanding potential in determining the ratio of several types of adenosine phosphates in a sample to rapidly understand the primary energy transfer in metabolism. Although MALDI is viewed as a soft ionization technique for MS analysis, excess photon energy might crack the phosphate bonds leading to misinterpretation of the ATP level. In this work, ionic liquid matrices (ILMs) were employed to reduce fragmentation and increase the detection efficiency during the MALDI process. This study demonstrated for the first time that 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid pyridine (DHBP) is one of the most effective matrices for further quantitative analysis of adenosine nucleotides. This systematic screening of ILMs also enhances the fundamental understanding of MALDI.

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Kim, Seung-Woo, Sunbum Kwon, and Young-Kwan Kim. "Graphene Oxide Derivatives and Their Nanohybrid Structures for Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Small Molecules." Nanomaterials 11, no. 2 (January 22, 2021): 288. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11020288.

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Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) has been considered as one of the most powerful analytical tools for mass spectrometry (MS) analysis of large molecular weight compounds such as proteins, nucleic acids, and synthetic polymers thanks to its high sensitivity, high resolution, and compatibility with high-throughput analysis. Despite these advantages, MALDI cannot be applied to MS analysis of small molecular weight compounds (<500 Da) because of the matrix interference in low mass region. Therefore, numerous efforts have been devoted to solving this issue by using metal, semiconductor, and carbon nanomaterials for MALDI time-of-flight MS (MALDI-TOF-MS) analysis instead of organic matrices. Among those nanomaterials, graphene oxide (GO) is of particular interest considering its unique and highly tunable chemical structures composed of the segregated sp2 carbon domains surrounded by sp3 carbon matrix. Chemical modification of GO can precisely tune its physicochemical properties, and it can be readily incorporated with other functional nanomaterials. In this review, the advances of GO derivatives and their nanohybrid structures as alternatives to organic matrices are summarized to demonstrate their potential and practical aspect for MALDI-TOF-MS analysis of small molecules.

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Monopoli, Antonio, Giovanni Ventura, Andrea Aloia, Fulvio Ciriaco, Angelo Nacci, Tommaso R. I. Cataldi, and Cosima D. Calvano. "Synthesis and Investigation of Novel CHCA-Derived Matrices for Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Lipids." Molecules 27, no. 8 (April 15, 2022): 2565. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27082565.

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A significant area of study and upgrading for increasing sensitivity and general performances of matrix-assisted laser-desorption ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry (MS) is related to matrix design. Several efforts have been made to address the challenge of low-mass-region interference-free for metabolomics analysis and specifically for lipidomics. To this aim, rationally designed matrices as 4-chloro-α-cyanocinnamic acid (ClCCA) were introduced and reported to provide enhanced analytical performances. We have taken this rational design one step further by developing and optimizing new MALDI matrices with a range of modifications on the CHCA core, involving different functionalities and substituents. Of particular interest was the understanding of the electron-withdrawing (e.g., nitro-) or donating (e.g., methoxy-) effects along with the extent of conjugation on the ionization efficiency. In the present work, ten matrices were designed on a reasonable basis, synthesized, and characterized by NMR and UV spectroscopies and laser desorption ionization. With the assistance of these putative MALDI matrices, samples containing phospholipids (PL), and neutral di-/tri-acylglycerols (DAG, TAG) were investigated using milk, fish, blood, and human plasma extracts. In comparison with CHCA and ClCCA, four of them, viz. [(2E,4E)-2-cyano-5-(4-methoxyphenyl)penta-2,4-dienoic acid] (1), [(2E,4E)-2-cyano-5-(4-nitrophenyl)penta-2,4-dienoic acid] (2), [(E)-2-cyano-3-(6-methoxynaphthalen-2-yl)acrylic acid] (6) and [(E)-2-cyano-3-(naphthalen-2-yl)acrylic acid] (7) displayed good to even excellent performances as MALDI matrices in terms of ionization capability, interference-free spectra, S/N ratio, and reproducibility. Especially compound 7 (cyano naphthyl acrylic acid, CNAA) was the election matrix for PL analysis and matrix 2 (cyano nitrophenyl dienoic acid, CNDA) for neutral lipids such as DAG and TAG in positive ion mode.

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9

dos Santos, Nayara A., Lindamara M. de Souza, Fernanda E. Pinto, Clebson de J. Macrino, Camila M. de Almeida, Bianca B. Merlo, Paulo R. Filgueiras, Rafael S. Ortiz, Ronaldo Mohana-Borges, and Wanderson Romão. "LDI and MALDI-FT-ICR imaging MS in Cannabis leaves: optimization and study of spatial distribution of cannabinoids." Analytical Methods 11, no. 13 (2019): 1757–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ay00226j.

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Weißflog, Jerrit, and Aleš Svatoš. "1,8-Di(piperidinyl)-naphthalene – rationally designed MAILD/MALDI matrix for metabolomics and imaging mass spectrometry." RSC Advances 6, no. 79 (2016): 75073–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra17237g.

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11

Kobylis, Paulina, Hanna Lis, Piotr Stepnowski, and Magda Caban. "Spectroscopic verification of ionic matrices for MALDI analysis." Journal of Molecular Liquids 284 (June 2019): 328–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2019.03.137.

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12

Warren, Alexander D., David J. Mitchell, and Paul J. Gates. "Methodologies for the airbrush application of MALDI matrices." European Journal of Mass Spectrometry 24, no. 1 (January 16, 2018): 89–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1469066717750031.

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13

Ali, Arslan, Najia Shahid, and Syed Ghulam Musharraf. "Application of dyes as doping agents in MALDI-MS matrices for the signal enhancement of proteins." RSC Advances 7, no. 11 (2017): 6598–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra27156a.

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14

Leopold, Jenny, Yulia Popkova, Kathrin Engel, and Jürgen Schiller. "Recent Developments of Useful MALDI Matrices for the Mass Spectrometric Characterization of Lipids." Biomolecules 8, no. 4 (December 13, 2018): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom8040173.

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Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) is one of the most successful “soft” ionization methods in the field of mass spectrometry and enables the analysis of a broad range of molecules, including lipids. Although the details of the ionization process are still unknown, the importance of the matrix is commonly accepted. Both, the development of and the search for useful matrices was, and still is, an empirical process, since properties like vacuum stability, high absorption at the laser wavelength, etc. have to be fulfilled by a compound to become a useful matrix. This review provides a survey of successfully used MALDI matrices for the lipid analyses of complex biological samples. The advantages and drawbacks of the established organic matrix molecules (cinnamic or benzoic acid derivatives), liquid crystalline matrices, and mixtures of common matrices will be discussed. Furthermore, we will deal with nanocrystalline matrices, which are most suitable to analyze small molecules, such as free fatty acids. It will be shown that the analysis of mixtures and the quantitative analysis of small molecules can be easily performed if the matrix is carefully selected. Finally, some basic principles of how useful matrix compounds can be “designed” de novo will be introduced.

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15

Zechmann, Carsten, Tassilo Muskat, and Jürgen Grotemeyer. "Wavelength- and Time-Resolved Luminescence Spectroscopy for Investigation of the Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Process." European Journal of Mass Spectrometry 8, no. 4 (August 2002): 287–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1255/ejms.490.

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This work deals with investigations of fluorescence phenomena during interaction of ultraviolet laser radiation with four substances (2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid, 3-hydroxypicolinic acid, dithranol and ferulic acid) commonly used as matrices in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI). Wavelength-resolved fluorescence measurements allowed classification of UV-MALDI matrices on the basis of their Stokes shift. Matrices showing a high Stokes shift dissipated high amounts of laser energy by means of intra- and intermolecular energy transfer processes, hence contributing less to the ionization of analyte compounds. Conversely, matrix substances with a low Stokes shift retained more of the original photonic energy which may then be available for ionization within the matrix or after desorption of molecular species. Therefore matrix compounds can be designated as “hard” (high ionization energy) in the case of small Stokes shifts or “soft” (low ionization energy) in the case of high Stokes shifts. Time-resolved measurements showed fluorescence lifetimes below 5 ns for all four substances.

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16

Ling, Ling, Chunsheng Xiao, Liyan Jiang, Sheng Wang, Ying Li, Xuesi Chen, and Xinhua Guo. "A cool and high salt-tolerant ionic liquid matrix for preferential ionization of phosphopeptides by negative ion MALDI-MS." New J. Chem. 41, no. 20 (2017): 12241–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7nj01706e.

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17

Damnjanovic, Bojana, Biljana Petrovic, Jasmina Dimitric-Markovic, and Marijana Petkovic. "Comparison of MALDI-TOF mass spectra of [PdCl(dien)]Cl and [Ru(en)2Cl2]Cl acquired with different matrices." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 76, no. 12 (2011): 1687–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc110201145d.

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In this work, the matrix-assisted laser desorption and ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectra of two cationic complexes, i.e., [PdCl(dien)]Cl and [Ru(en)2Cl2]Cl, acquired under different conditions were analyzed. The spectra were recorded with three matrices with or without trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), i.e., two traditional matrices, i.e., 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid and ?-cyano-hydroxycinnamic acid, and one flavonoid, quercetin. The spectra acquired with quercetin appeared to be the simplest, whereas in the spectra obtained with other matrices, peaks arising either from the addition of matrix molecules or from the fragmentation products were detectable. Addition of TFA did not complicate the spectra of the Pd(II) and Ru(III) complexes when the traditional matrices were used. On the other hand, the spectra of Pd complex were simpler, whereas the addition of TFA in the case of the Ru complex resulted in a higher number of peaks, some of which could not be identified. Taken together, the results of this study once more emphasize the differences arising in the MALDI-TOF mass spectra of transition metal complexes in dependence on the applied matrix.

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Kosyakov, Dmitry S., Elena A. Anikeenko, Nikolay V. Ul’yanovskii, Oleg Yu Khoroshev, Irina S. Shavrina, and Natalya S. Gorbova. "Ionic liquid matrices for MALDI mass spectrometry of lignin." Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 410, no. 28 (September 18, 2018): 7429–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00216-018-1353-7.

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19

SRINIVASAN, N., CAROL A. HANEY, JONATHAN S. LINDSEY, WENZHU ZHANG, and BRIAN T. CHAIT. "Investigation of MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry of Diverse Synthetic Metalloporphyrins, Phthalocyanines and Multiporphyrin Arrays." Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines 03, no. 04 (April 1999): 283–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1409(199904)3:4<283::aid-jpp132>3.0.co;2-f.

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We investigated the utility of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) for analyzing porphyrinic compounds using a variety of different synthetic porphyrins, azaporphyrins, phthalocyanines and multiporphyrin arrays. Comparisons of spectra obtained from these analytes deposited either as neat samples or codeposited with neutral or acidic matrices have been made with the goal of identifying conditions that yield minimal demetalation, transmetalation, adduct formation and fragmentation. It was found that the molecular masses of many porphyrins can be successfully measured from neat sample preparations and do not require a matrix to facilitate desorption and ionization, although the measurement of large multiporphyrin arrays was facilitated by the use of matrices. Demetalation of magnesium porphyrins occurred in the presence of acidic matrices, but not with neutral matrices such as 1,4-benzoquinone. Positive ion spectra were obtained for each compound and negative ion spectra were also collected for the azaporphyrins and phthalocyanines. Examination of selected samples (prepared neat, with 1,4-benzoquinone, 2,3,5,6-tetrachloro-1,4-benzoquinone or α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid) showed that the dominant process of ionization involved oxidation yielding the radical cation M+· rather than the protonated molecule [M+H]+. MALDI-TOF-MS is shown to be a powerful analytical tool for the characterization of diverse synthetic porphyrinic compounds.

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Livet, Sandrine, Sylvia Worbs, Hervé Volland, Stéphanie Simon, Martin B. Dorner, François Fenaille, Brigitte G. Dorner, and François Becher. "Development and Evaluation of an Immuno-MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry Approach for Quantification of the Abrin Toxin in Complex Food Matrices." Toxins 13, no. 1 (January 13, 2021): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins13010052.

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The toxin abrin found in the seeds of Abrus precatorius has attracted much attention regarding criminal and terroristic misuse over the past decade. Progress in analytical methods for a rapid and unambiguous identification of low abrin concentrations in complex matrices is essential. Here, we report on the development and evaluation of a MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry approach for the fast, sensitive and robust abrin isolectin identification, differentiation and quantification in complex food matrices. The method combines immunoaffinity-enrichment with specific abrin antibodies, accelerated trypsin digestion and the subsequent MALDI-TOF analysis of abrin peptides using labeled peptides for quantification purposes. Following the optimization of the workflow, common and isoform-specific peptides were detected resulting in a ~38% sequence coverage of abrin when testing ng-amounts of the toxin. The lower limit of detection was established at 40 ng/mL in milk and apple juice. Isotope-labeled versions of abundant peptides with high ionization efficiency were added. The quantitative evaluation demonstrated an assay variability at or below 22% with a linear range up to 800 ng/mL. MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry allows for a simple and fast (<5 min) analysis of abrin peptides, without a time-consuming peptide chromatographic separation, thus constituting a relevant alternative to liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

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Zambonin, Carlo. "MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry Applications for Food Fraud Detection." Applied Sciences 11, no. 8 (April 9, 2021): 3374. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11083374.

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Chemical analysis of food products relating to the detection of the most common frauds is a complex task due to the complexity of the matrices and the unknown nature of most processes. Moreover, frauds are becoming more and more sophisticated, making the development of reliable, rapid, cost-effective new analytical methods for food control even more pressing. Over the years, MALDI-TOF MS has demonstrated the potential to meet this need, also due to a series of undeniable intrinsic advantages including ease of use, fast data collection, and capability to obtain valuable information even from complex samples subjected to simple pre-treatment procedures. These features have been conveniently exploited in the field of food frauds in several matrices, including milk and dairy products, oils, fish and seafood, meat, fruit, vegetables, and a few other categories. The present review provides a comprehensive overview of the existing MALDI-based applications for food quality assessment and detection of adulterations.

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22

Padilla Jaramillo, Carlos A., Luis M. Díaz Sánchez, Marianny Y. Combariza Montañez, Cristian Blanco Tirado, and Aldo F. Combariza Montañez. "Photon Harvesting Molecules: Ionization Potential from Quantum Chemical Calculations of Phytoplanktonic Pigments for MALDI-MS Analysis." Orinoquia 25, no. 1 (June 16, 2021): 13–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.22579/20112629.676.

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The Ionization Potential (IP) of chemical species is of paramount importance for the Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization (MALDI) analyticaltechnique. Specifically, IPs are used in MALDI MS Electron Transfer (ET) as a parameter to select the matrix for a given family of chemical species. We useda quantum chemical methodology to computationally determine IPs for a set of photosensible phytoplanktonic pigments. These calculations could be used as a guide for MALDI matrix selection. IPs were determined using Koopman’s Theorem, via Geometry Optimization and Single Point Energy within the Restricted Closed-Shell Hartree-Fock (RHF) technique. Structures of a twenty-four set of pigments were geometrically optimized, and their IPsdetermined. Calculated IP’s are in close agreement to reported experimental IPs within an average 3.7% absolute error. Structural features of the chemical species studied have a closed relationship with their chemical properties and IP’s. Our results suggest that ET-MALDI matrices such as DCTB (IP = 8.5 eV) and CNPV-OCH3 (IP = 8.3 eV) could be more suitable to analyze these types of chemical species.

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23

Zhao, Zhenwen, Shaoxiang Xiong, Xiangwen Liu, Bin Xin, and Guanghui Wang. "Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry Studies of Low Molecular Weight Dendrimers." European Journal of Mass Spectrometry 9, no. 3 (June 2003): 203–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1255/ejms.547.

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We report the application of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-ToF) mass spectrometry, with delayed extraction in the reflectron mode, for the characterization of low molecular weight dendrimers. 20 dendrimer samples were measured and 4 typical dendrimers, as examples, are discussedin detail. Several factors that affect the analysis including the matrices used, the concentrations of sample, the solvents and cationization reagent used, were investigated in detail. Experimental results indicate that the type of solvent can greatly influence exact mass measurement. However, sample preparation is generally not very critical for dendrimer analysis using MALDI-ToF since many kinds of matrices and a wide range of sample concentrations can be used efficiently. In addition, the Cs+ ion can be used to enhance the efficiency of cationization. Some reasons for this behavior are discussed on the basis of results of calculations using Gaussian94 software (a connected system of programs for performing a variety of semi-empirical and ab initio molecular orbital (MO) calculations).

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Koudelka, Štěpán, Tereza Gelbíčová, Markéta Procházková, and Renáta Karpíšková. "Lineage and serotype identification of Listeria monocytogenes by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 36, No. 6 (January 7, 2019): 452–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/87/2018-cjfs.

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The identification of Listeria species, lineages and serotypes remains a crucial issue not only in epidemic surveys, but also in monitoring of the diversity of bacteria in the food chain. The aim of this study was identification of L. monocytogenes strains at lineage and serotype level using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). The performance of MALDI-TOF MS was tested to identify L. monocytogenes into two lineages (I and II) and four serotypes (1/2a, 1/2b, 1/2c and 4b) the most commonly found in humans and food. Total of 227 L. monocytogenes strains from different sources were subjected to the study. Some of strains (112) were used for main spectrum profile (MSP) library creation. Other strains of interest (115) were then correctly identified on the lineage level comparing with the library by MALDI-TOF MS analysis using Biotyper (90%) and ClinPro Tools (100%) software. The serotype identification with 55.7% (Biotyper) and 67.8% (ClinPro Tools) accuracy is rather a proof that under given conditions the method has not big potential to be used for serotyping. However, MALDI-TOF MS has a potential to identify lineages of L. monocytogenes of food and human origin.

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Kouvonen, Petri, Eeva M. Rainio, Veronika Suni, Päivi Koskinen, and Garry L. Corthals. "Data combination from multiple matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) matrices: opportunities and limitations for MALDI analysis." Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 24, no. 23 (November 5, 2010): 3493–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.4785.

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Sholokhova, Anastasiya Yu, Svetlana A. Borovikova, Sergey A. Prikhod'ko, and Alexey K. Buryak. "Ionization of ionic liquids under laser desorption/ionization." Сорбционные и хроматографические процессы 20, no. 5 (November 25, 2020): 565–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.17308/sorpchrom.2020.20/3048.

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Despite various studies of ILs as MALDI matrices, however, so far no relationship has been foundbetween the composition of ILs and their ability to serve as «good» matrices. For a preliminary experiment,in order to evaluate the characteristics of ILs before being used as a matrix in MALDI-MS, it is necessary tostudy the mass spectral behavior for the matrices themselves under LDI conditions. Therefore, the purpose of this work was to analyse ion liquids based on the cation imidazolium in combination with different types ofanions by the LDI method. Ionic liquids were synthesized in the Laboratory of catalytic processes for thesynthesis of organoelement compounds of G.K. Boreskov Institute of catalysis SB RAS (Novosibirsk). Itshould be noted that this ionic liquid was first synthesized in this Laboratory. Analyses were performed usinga Bruker UltraFlex II time of-flight mass spectrometer. Eleven ion liquids based on substituted cation imidazolium in combination with different types of anions were analysed by method laser desorption/ionization in the paper. In all mass spectra of ionic liquids obtained in the positive ion mode, cation produced a major peak and its fragmented ions. Homologous series characterized by the loss of the methyl group have been recorded. According to the more stable carbon-carbon or nitrogen bond in the heterocyclic system than in the carbon-carbon bond in the aliphatic, ion peaks are observed in the mass spectra, characteristic of the loss of methyl fragments from the aliphatic chain. In the LDI spectra obtained in the negative ion mode, the signals of the anions of ionic liquids and their fragments were observed. The combined use of the spectra obtained in positive and negative mode makes it possible to increase the reliability of identification. This makes it possible to use the revealed patterns of fragmentation for the structural analysis of ionic liquids. The analyzed ILs can be used as MALDI matrices, because they do not form dimers, assassinates, are characterized by the absence of adducts with metal ions, which is important for their further use as matrices. BMIMC6F5BF3 was first described by the LDI-MS method. It was shown that the observed fragmentation of the molecular ion of this IL is typical for most ILs with similar cations.

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27

Ugarov, Michael V., T. Egan, Dmitry V. Khabashesku, J. Albert Schultz, Haiqing Peng, Valery N. Khabashesku, Hiroshi Furutani, et al. "MALDI Matrices for Biomolecular Analysis Based on Functionalized Carbon Nanomaterials." Analytical Chemistry 76, no. 22 (November 2004): 6734–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac049192x.

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28

Somogyi, Árpád, El Hadj Elandaloussi, Douglas E. Hall, Anne Buyle Padías, Robert B. Bates, and H. K. Hall. "Powerfully Solvating Matrices for MALDI-TOF Spectroscopy of Aromatic Polyesters." Macromolecules 40, no. 15 (July 2007): 5311–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma062200m.

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29

Calvano, Cosima Damiana, Antonio Monopoli, Tommaso R. I. Cataldi, and Francesco Palmisano. "MALDI matrices for low molecular weight compounds: an endless story?" Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 410, no. 17 (April 23, 2018): 4015–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00216-018-1014-x.

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30

Sagandykova, Gulyaim, Justyna Walczak-Skierska, Fernanda Monedeiro, Paweł Pomastowski, and Bogusław Buszewski. "New Methodology for the Identification of Metabolites of Saccharides and Cyclitols by Off-Line EC-MALDI-TOF-MS." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 15 (July 24, 2020): 5265. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21155265.

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A combination of electrochemistry (EC) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (off-line EC-MALDI-TOF-MS) was applied for determination of the studied biologically active compounds (D-glucose, D-fructose, D-galactose, D-pinitol, L-chiro-inositol, and myo-inositol) and their possible electrochemical metabolites. In this work, boron-doped diamond electrode (BDD) was used as a working electrode. MALDI-TOF-MS experiments were carried out (both in positive and negative ion modes and using two matrices) to identify the structures of electrochemical products. This was one of the first applications of the EC system for the generation of electrochemical products produced from saccharides and cyclitols. Moreover, exploratory data analysis approaches (correlation networks, hierarchical cluster analysis, weighted plots) were used in order to present differences/similarities between the obtained spectra, regarding the class of analyzed compounds, ionization modes, and used matrices. This work presents the investigation and comparison of fragmentation patterns of sugars, cyclitols, and their respective products generated through the electrochemistry (EC) process.

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Veloso, Antonio, and Rebeca Sola-Llano. "MALDI-TOF masa espektrometriaren erabilera polimeroak ezaugarritzeko." EKAIA Euskal Herriko Unibertsitateko Zientzia eta Teknologia Aldizkaria, no. 35 (May 2, 2019): 185–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1387/ekaia.19691.

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Gaur egun, materialak ezaugarritzekoerabiltzen diren teknikek informazio dezente uzten dute agerian, baina oraindik nahiko zaila da egiturari buruzko informazio osatua lortzea. Informazio hau garrantzi handikoa eta beharrezkoa da modu sakon batean polimero horietatik eratorritako materialen propietateak ezagutzeko. Polimeroak karakterizatzeko, Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI/TOF MS) sortu zenetik, gero eta gehiago hedatu da teknika honen erabilera arlo desberdinetan.Masa-espektrometria teknika hau hedatu egin da polimeroen karakterizazioan, masa molarraren banaketaz gain, polimeroen unitate monomerikoa, polisakabanatzea eta kateen muturrak ezagutzea lor daitekeelako, hain zuzen ere.Lan honetan MALDI/TOF teknikaren oinarriak labur azalduko dira: masa espektrometroak nola funtzionatzen duen, zein den matrizearen garrantzia, zeintzuk diren matrize ohikoenak... Eta zenbait polimeroren karakterizazio adibideak aztertuko dira. Zehazki, bi karakterizazio-prozedura erakutsiko dira: Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC) teknikan estandartzat erabiltzen den poliestireno homopolimeroa eta Latemul, emultsionatzaile polimerizagarri komertzial moduan erabiltzen den kopolimeroa.

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Barada, Erina, and Hiroshi Hinou. "BOA/DHB/Na: An Efficient UV-MALDI Matrix for High-Sensitivity and Auto-Tagging Glycomics." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 20 (October 19, 2022): 12510. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232012510.

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Matrix selection is a critical factor for success in glycomics studies using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization–mass spectrometry (MALDI–MS). In this study, we evaluated and optimized a new solid ionic matrix—O-benzylhydroxylamine (BOA)/2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHB)/Na—containing BOA and a small amount of sodium as the counter salt of DHB. The concentration of a mixture of BOA/DHB/Na and glycans on a MALDI target plate led to O-benzyloxy tagging of the reducing ends of the glycans. The BOA/DHB/Na matrix showed excellent aggregation performance and the ability to form a homogeneous solid salt on the MALDI target plate with a water-repellent surface. In addition, the BOA/DHB/Na matrix showed a simple peak pattern with suppressed in-source and post-source decay of the reducing ends of the glycans, as well as improved ionization efficiency of glycans. Utilizing the characteristics of the BOA/DHB/Na matrix, O-glycan analysis of porcine stomach mucin showed excellent detection sensitivity and reproducibility of the peak patterns. This BOA/DHB/Na matrix can accelerate glycomics studies using MALDI–MS and, in combination with other organic salt-type matrices that we have developed, constitutes a valuable tool for glycomics studies.

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Fresnais, Margaux, Seda Karabulut, Yasmin Abou Zeed, Johannes Ungermann, Julia Benzel, Kristian W. Pajtler, Stefan M. Pfister, Walter E. Haefeli, Jürgen Burhenne, and Rémi Longuespée. "Important Requirements for the Selection of Internal Standards during the Development of Desorption/Ionization Assays for Drug Quantification in Biological Matrices—A Practical Example." Molecules 27, no. 3 (January 21, 2022): 690. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27030690.

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Desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (DI-MS) approaches allow for the rapid quantification of drugs in biological matrices using assays that can be validated according to regulatory guidelines. However, specific adaptations must be applied to create reliable quantification methods, depending on the approach and instrumentation used. In the present article, we demonstrate the importance of the molecular weight, the fragmentation pattern, and the purity of the internal standard for the development of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI)-ion mobility (IM)-tandem MS and MS/MS methods. We present preliminary results of method development for the quantification of selinexor in microdialysis fluids with a stable isotopically labeled internal standard. In addition, we discuss the selection of internal standards for MALDI-MS assays using different instrumentations.

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Horváth, B., F. Peles, A. Szél, R. Sipos, Á. Erős, E. Albert, and A. Micsinai. "Molecular typing of foodborne coagulase-positive Staphylococcus isolates identified by MALDI-TOF MS." Acta Alimentaria 49, no. 3 (September 27, 2020): 307–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/066.2020.49.3.9.

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The aim of the study was the identification and characterisation of coagulase-positive Staphylococcus bacteria obtained from food matrices by mass spectrometry and molecular methods. A total of 46 coagulase-positive Staphylococcus isolates were collected from different foodstuffs. The Staphylococcus isolates were identified by MALDI-TOF MS and confirmed by the presence and sequence analysis of the Staphylococcus protein A gene. Staphylococcal enterotoxin genes were also investigated by multiplex PCR. Based on the identification of strains by the MALDI-TOF MS technique and spa-typing, all strains were identified as Staphylococcus aureus. Based on their MS peak profiles, the isolates matched the spectra of three S. aureus reference strains in the Bruker MALDI Biotyper database, with identification scores higher than 1.999 in the case of all 46 (100%) isolates. The isolates showed great genetic variability. Twenty spa types were identified, from which most lineages are capable of colonizing humans. Fifty percent of the strains harboured at least one of four enterotoxin genes (seg, seh, sei, and ser), but none of the classical enterotoxin genes could be detected.

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Lin, Hou-Yu, Hsu Chen Hsu, I.-Chung Lu, Kuo-Tung Hsu, Chih-Yu Liao, Yin-Yu Lee, Chien-Ming Tseng, Yuan-Tseh Lee, and Chi-Kung Ni. "Fluorescence spectroscopy of UV-MALDI matrices and implications of ionization mechanisms." Journal of Chemical Physics 141, no. 16 (October 28, 2014): 164307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4898372.

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Wang, Xiaodong, Jun Han, Albert Chou, Juncong Yang, Jingxi Pan, and Christoph H. Borchers. "Hydroxyflavones as a New Family of Matrices for MALDI Tissue Imaging." Analytical Chemistry 85, no. 15 (July 29, 2013): 7566–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac401595a.

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Giménez, Estela, Fernando Benavente, José Barbosa, and Victoria Sanz-Nebot. "Ionic liquid matrices for MALDI-TOF-MS analysis of intact glycoproteins." Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 398, no. 1 (July 6, 2010): 357–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00216-010-3898-y.

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Khajavinia, Amir, and Anas El-Aneed. "Carbon-Based Nanoparticles and Their Surface-Modified Counterparts as MALDI Matrices." Analytical Chemistry 95, no. 1 (January 10, 2023): 100–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04537.

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Ehring, H., and B. U. R. Sundqvist. "Excited state relaxation processes of MALDI-matrices studied by luminescence spectroscopy." Applied Surface Science 96-98 (April 1996): 577–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-4332(95)00534-x.

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Li, Ying L., and Michael L. Gross. "Ionic-liquid matrices for quantitative analysis by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry." Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry 15, no. 12 (December 2004): 1833–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jasms.2004.08.011.

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Castellanos-García, Laura J., Brian Castro Agudelo, Hernando F. Rosales, Melissa Cely, Christian Ochoa-Puentes, Cristian Blanco-Tirado, Cesar A. Sierra, and Marianny Y. Combariza. "Oligo p-Phenylenevinylene Derivatives as Electron Transfer Matrices for UV-MALDI." Journal of The American Society for Mass Spectrometry 28, no. 12 (September 6, 2017): 2548–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13361-017-1783-z.

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ERRA-BALSELLS, Rosa, and Hiroshi NONAMI. "UV-MALDI-TOF MS Analysis of Carbohydrates. Reviewing Comparative Studies Performed Using nor-Harmane and Classical UV-MALDI Matrices." Environment Control in Biology 46, no. 2 (2008): 65–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2525/ecb.46.65.

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Huang, Jun-Kai, Yi-Wen Hsiao, Wen-Chi Chen, and Sarah Y. Chang. "Nylon Membrane-Based Electromembrane Extraction Coupled with Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry for the Determination of Insulin." Separations 9, no. 10 (October 4, 2022): 286. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/separations9100286.

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A rapid and sensitive protein determination method that uses electromembrane extraction (EME) and is coupled with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI/MS) is developed. A flat nylon membrane is used to collect proteins from an aqueous solution and is directly analyzed by MALDI/MS after the addition of the MALDI matrix. Insulin is used as a model protein to investigate the optimum extraction of the parameters. The optimum EME conditions are obtained at 12 V of voltage, 10 min of extraction time, 12 mL sample volume, and 400 rpm agitation rate. The linear dynamic range (LDR) of insulin in an aqueous solution is in the range of 1.0–100.0 nM. The limit of detection (LOD) for insulin in an aqueous solution is 0.3 nM with 103-fold signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio enhancement. Furthermore, the applicability of this method to determine insulin in complicated sample matrices is also investigated. The LDR of insulin in human urine samples is in the range of 5.0–100.0 nM, and the LOD of insulin in urine samples is calculated to be 1.5 nM. The precision and accuracy of this method are evaluated at three different concentration levels, and the coefficient of variation (CV) and relative error are less than 6%. This approach is time-efficient and economical, as the flat membrane mode of EME coupled with MALDI/MS is suitable.

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Novaconi, Cristina Ramona, Robert Onulov, Alina Florina Serb, Eugen Sisu, Nicolae Dinca, Mihai-Cosmin Pascariu, and Marius Georgescu. "Assessing Glycosphingolipid Profiles in Human Health and Disease Using Non-Imaging MALDI Mass Spectrometry." Applied Sciences 13, no. 17 (September 1, 2023): 9922. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13179922.

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Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) are a glycolipid subtype which plays vital roles in numerous biological processes, cell–cell interactions, as well as oncogenesis and ontogenesis. They are ubiquitous molecules found mostly in cell membranes. Abnormal expression of GSLs as well as altered molecular structure have been linked with progression of cancer and metastasis and are involved in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative, autoimmune, and infectious diseases as well as inherited enzyme defects—glycosphingolipidoses. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI MS) plays a leading role in analyzing and characterizing different GSLs, and thus can help to distinguish altered GSL patterns. This review offers insights into the benefits and limitations when using MALDI MS in this field of lipidomic research, with an emphasis on which are the optimal matrices in analyzing GSLs from different tissues (normal and pathological) as well as highlighting GSLs’ particular profiles in various cell cultures, and normal and pathological human tissues obtained by MALDI non-imaging MS (non-IMS). These findings can have implications in further understanding the role of altered GSL expression in various pathological conditions and could be a target for future therapies.

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Park, Jun Won, Geon Kook Lee, Hee Seok Lee, Jae Ill Zo, Young Hwan Kim, Kwang Pyo Kim, and Hark K. Kim. "Histology differentiation in non-small cell lung cancer using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2012): e21043-e21043. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.e21043.

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e21043 Background: New developments in the treatment of lung cancer have necessitated the correct histologic differentiation between two major histologic types of NSCLC. Methods: Histology-directed tissue matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry (MS) has been demonstrated to be useful for molecular profiling of common solid tumors. In this approach, mass spectra are obtained from discrete locations on the thin sections of frozen tissues sections. In this study, we evaluated various MALDI MS protocols for the histopathologic classification of NSCLC. Results: When adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma biopsy samples were compared for protein profile using standard sinapinic acid matrix, the median prediction accuracy of the best histology classifier in test sets was 83.3% in 100 random training-to-test partitions (feature selection P <0.05). When 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid/α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid matrices were used for lipid MALDI MS, the median prediction accuracy of the best histology classifier in test sets was 85.7% in 100 random partitions (feature selection P<0.01). We then validated the discriminatory lipid profile using independent set of 51 NSCLC surgical samples. Eleven discriminatory lipids correctly classified the histology of 80.4% of independent NSCLC surgical tissue samples (41 out of 51) in validation set. Phosphatidylcholine 32:0 (m/z 756.68) was overexpressed in adenocarcinomas. Conclusions: Due to the small amount of tissue required for MALDI analysis, rapid experimental procedure, and high predictive values documented in this study, histology-directed MALDI MS, especially lipid profiling, may be a promising approach to the histologic classification of NSCLC (This work was supported by Converging Research Center Program through the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology of Korea (2010K001121)).

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Monopoli, Antonio, Angelo Nacci, Tommaso R. I. Cataldi, and Cosima D. Calvano. "Synthesis and Matrix Properties of α-Cyano-5-phenyl-2,4-pentadienic Acid (CPPA) for Intact Proteins Analysis by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry." Molecules 25, no. 24 (December 21, 2020): 6054. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25246054.

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The effectiveness of a synthesized matrix, α-cyano-5-phenyl-2,4-pentadienic acid (CPPA), for protein analysis by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) in complex samples such as foodstuff and bacterial extracts, is demonstrated. Ultraviolet (UV) absorption along with laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (LDI-MS) experiments were systematically conducted in positive ion mode under standard Nd:YLF laser excitation with the aim of characterizing the matrix in terms of wavelength absorption and proton affinity. Besides, the results for standard proteins revealed that CPPA significantly enhanced the protein signals, reduced the spot-to-spot variability and increased the spot homogeneity. The CPPA matrix was successful employed to investigate intact microorganisms, milk and seed extracts for protein profiling. Compared to conventional matrices such as sinapinic acid (SA), α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (CHCA) and 4-chloro-α-cyanocinnamic acid (CClCA), CPPA exhibited better signal-to-noise (S/N) ratios and a uniform response for most examined proteins occurring in milk, hazelnut and in intact bacterial cells of E. coli. These findings not only provide a reactive proton transfer MALDI matrix with excellent reproducibility and sensitivity, but also contribute to extending the battery of useful matrices for intact protein analysis.

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Hong, Jangmi, Taehee Kim, and Jeongkwon Kim. "Tertiary Matrices for the Analysis of Polyethylene Glycols Using MALDI-TOF MS." Mass Spectrometry Letters 5, no. 2 (June 30, 2014): 49–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5478/msl.2014.5.2.49.

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Deacon, Glen B., Leslie D. Field, Keith Fisher, Florian Jaroschik, Danielle L. Kay, Thomas Maschmeyer, and Anthony F. Masters. "Fullerene matrices in the MALDI-TOF mass spectroscopic characterisation of organometallic compounds." Journal of Organometallic Chemistry 751 (February 2014): 482–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jorganchem.2013.10.025.

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Zhang, Juan, Tae-Kyu Ha, Richard Knochenmuss, and Renato Zenobi. "Theoretical Calculation of Gas-Phase Sodium Binding Energies of Common MALDI Matrices." Journal of Physical Chemistry A 106, no. 28 (July 2002): 6610–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp0203548.

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Dai, Yuqin, Randy M. Whittal, and Liang Li. "Confocal Fluorescence Microscopic Imaging for Investigating the Analyte Distribution in MALDI Matrices." Analytical Chemistry 68, no. 15 (January 1996): 2494–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac960238z.

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