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Journal articles on the topic 'Mating system evolution'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Puurtinen, Mikael, and Lutz Fromhage. "Evolution of male and female choice in polyandrous systems." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 284, no. 1851 (March 22, 2017): 20162174. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2016.2174.

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We study the evolution of male and female mating strategies and mate choice for female fecundity and male fertilization ability in a system where both sexes can mate with multiple partners, and where there is variation in individual quality (i.e. in the availability of resources individuals can allocate to matings, mate choice and production of gametes). We find that when the cost of mating differs between sexes, the sex with higher cost of mating is reluctant to accept matings and is often also choosy, while the other sex accepts all matings. With equal mating costs, the evolution of mating strategies depends on the strength of female sperm limitation, so that when sperm limitation is strong, males are often reluctant and choosy, whereas females tend to accept available matings. Male reluctance evolves because a male's benefit per mating diminishes rapidly as he mates too often, hence losing out in the process of sperm competition as he spends much of his resources on mating costs rather than ejaculate production. When sperm limitation is weaker, females become more reluctant and males are more eager to mate. The model thus suggests that reversed sex roles are plausible outcomes of polyandry and limited sperm production. Implications for empirical studies of mate choice are discussed.

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2

Pannell, John R. "Mating-System Evolution: Succeeding by Celibacy." Current Biology 19, no. 21 (November 2009): R983—R985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2009.09.030.

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3

Renn, Suzy C. P., Heather E. Machado, Nina Duftner, Anna K. Sessa, Rayna M. Harris, and Hans A. Hofmann. "Gene expression signatures of mating system evolution." Genome 61, no. 4 (April 2018): 287–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/gen-2017-0075.

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The diversity of mating systems among animals is astounding. Importantly, similar mating systems have evolved even across distantly related taxa. However, our understanding of the mechanisms underlying these convergently evolved phenotypes is limited. Here, we examine on a genomic scale the neuromolecular basis of social organization in cichlids of the tribe Ectodini from Lake Tanganyika. Using field-collected males and females of four closely related species representing two independent evolutionary transitions from polygyny to monogamy, we take a comparative transcriptomic approach to test the hypothesis that these independent transitions have recruited similar gene sets. Our results demonstrate that while lineage and species exert a strong influence on neural gene expression profiles, social phenotype can also drive gene expression evolution. Specifically, 331 genes (∼6% of those assayed) were associated with monogamous mating systems independent of species or sex. Among these genes, we find a strong bias (4:1 ratio) toward genes with increased expression in monogamous individuals. A highly conserved nonapeptide system known to be involved in the regulation of social behavior across animals was not associated with mating system in our analysis. Overall, our findings suggest deep molecular homologies underlying the convergent or parallel evolution of monogamy in different cichlid lineages of Ectodini.

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4

Jordan, Crispin Y., and Sarah P. Otto. "FUNCTIONAL PLEIOTROPY AND MATING SYSTEM EVOLUTION IN PLANTS: FREQUENCY-INDEPENDENT MATING." Evolution 66, no. 4 (February 14, 2012): 957–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.2011.01513.x.

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5

Snook, Rhonda R., and Therese A. Markow. "Mating system evolution in sperm-heteromorphic Drosophila." Journal of Insect Physiology 47, no. 9 (September 2001): 957–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-1910(01)00070-1.

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6

Hart, Michael W. "NEXT-GENERATION STUDIES OF MATING SYSTEM EVOLUTION." Evolution 66, no. 6 (March 29, 2012): 1675–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.2012.01605.x.

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7

Pannell, John R. "Mating-System Evolution: Genies from a Bottleneck." Current Biology 19, no. 9 (May 2009): R369—R370. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2009.03.031.

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8

Hernaman, V., and P. L. Munday. "Evolution of mating systems in coral reef gobies and constraints on mating system plasticity." Coral Reefs 26, no. 3 (March 30, 2007): 585–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00338-007-0222-1.

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9

Yahara, Tetsukazu. "Graphical Analysis of Mating System Evolution in Plants." Evolution 46, no. 2 (April 1992): 557. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2409872.

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10

Holsinger, Kent E. "Functional Aspects of Mating System Evolution in Plants." International Journal of Plant Sciences 153, no. 3, Part 1 (September 1992): iii—v. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/ijps.153.3_p1.2995667.

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11

Huang, Ming H., Diana E. Wheeler, and Else J. Fjerdingstad. "Mating system evolution and worker caste diversity inPheidoleants." Molecular Ecology 22, no. 7 (February 4, 2013): 1998–2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/mec.12218.

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12

Yahara, Tetsukazu. "GRAPHICAL ANALYSIS OF MATING SYSTEM EVOLUTION IN PLANTS." Evolution 46, no. 2 (April 1992): 557–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1992.tb02059.x.

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13

Pannell, John R. "Evolution of the mating system in colonizing plants." Molecular Ecology 24, no. 9 (March 6, 2015): 2018–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/mec.13087.

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14

Weadick, Cameron J., and Ralf J. Sommer. "Mating System Transitions Drive Life Span Evolution inPristionchusNematodes." American Naturalist 187, no. 4 (April 2016): 517–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/685283.

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15

Sun, Sheng, Xiaorong Lin, Marco A. Coelho, and Joseph Heitman. "Mating-System Evolution: All Roads Lead to Selfing." Current Biology 29, no. 15 (August 2019): R743—R746. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2019.06.073.

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16

Pannell, John R., and Grazyna Korbecka. "Mating-System Evolution: Rise of the Irresistible Males." Current Biology 20, no. 11 (June 2010): R482—R484. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2010.04.033.

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17

Pitnick, Scott, Kate E. Jones, and Gerald S. Wilkinson. "Mating system and brain size in bats." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 273, no. 1587 (December 6, 2005): 719–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2005.3367.

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The contribution of sexual selection to brain evolution has been little investigated. Through comparative analyses of bats, we show that multiple mating by males, in the absence of multiple mating by females, has no evolutionary impact on relative brain dimension. In contrast, bat species with promiscuous females have relatively smaller brains than do species with females exhibiting mate fidelity. This pattern may be a consequence of the demonstrated negative evolutionary relationship between investment in testes and investment in brains, both metabolically expensive tissues. These results have implications for understanding the correlated evolution of brains, behaviour and extravagant sexually selected traits.

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18

Leisler, Bernd, Hans Winkler, and Michael Wink. "Evolution of Breeding Systems in Acrocephaline Warblers." Auk 119, no. 2 (April 1, 2002): 379–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/auk/119.2.379.

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Abstract Comparative analyses constitute an important complement to studies of adaptive behavior. Previous studies of avian mating systems considered the role of paternal care and habitat type on the evolution of polygyny. We extended those studies and included in our analyses the role of habitat quality, as characterized by food supply. Species in the monophyletic lineage of acrocephaline warblers (Acrocephalus, Chloropeta, Hippolais) are widely distributed, inhabit a variety of different habitats, and show a variety of breeding systems. We present a phylogenetic analysis of parental care and mating system characteristics in relation to ecological traits in 17 species. On the basis of a molecular phylogeny, we reconstructed patterns of changes from social monogamy to polygyny, and in paternal brood care. Specifically, we analyze the coevolution of brood care participation of males and social system, and how it relates to habitat quality. Furthermore, we assessed the phylogenetic inertia of mating systems. We found support for the hypothesis that change to highly productive habitats was associated with a greater emancipation of males from brood care, and with polygyny and promiscuity. Poor habitats, on the other hand, were associated with monogamy and the occurrence of helpers. In contrast to some morphological characters, mating systems appear to be phylogenetically labile.

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19

Fietz, Joanna. "Mating system ofMicrocebus murinus." American Journal of Primatology 48, no. 2 (1999): 127–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1098-2345(1999)48:2<127::aid-ajp4>3.0.co;2-4.

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20

Swierk, Lindsey, and Tracy Langkilde. "Fitness costs of mating with preferred females in a scramble mating system." Behavioral Ecology 30, no. 3 (January 29, 2019): 658–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arz001.

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Abstract Little is known about the operation of male mate choice in systems with perceived high costs to male choosiness. Scramble mating systems are one type of system in which male choice is often considered too costly to be selected. However, in many scramble mating systems, there are also potentially high rewards of male choosiness, as females vary dramatically in reproductive output and males typically mate once per season and/or per lifetime. Using scramble mating wood frogs (Rana sylvatica), we tested whether males gain fitness benefits by mating with preferred females. We conducted choice trials (1 male presented simultaneously with 2 females) and permitted males to mate with their preferred or nonpreferred female. Offspring of preferred and nonpreferred females were reared in the laboratory and field, and we quantified various fitness-relevant parameters, including survivorship and growth rates. Across multiple parameters measured, matings with preferred females produced fewer and lower-quality offspring than did those with nonpreferred females. Our results are inconsistent with the idea that mate choice confers benefits on the choosing sex. We instead propose that, in scramble systems, males will be more likely to amplex females that are easier to capture, which may correlate with lower quality but increases male likelihood of successfully mating. Such male choice may not favor increased fitness when the operational sex ratio is less biased toward males in scramble mating systems but is, instead, a bet-hedging tactic benefitting males when available females are limited.

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21

Phadke, Sujal S., Lauren Cooper, and Rebecca A. Zufall. "Is Evolution of Mating Preferences Inevitable? Random Mating in the Multisex System of Tetrahymena thermophila." International Journal of Evolutionary Biology 2012 (September 27, 2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/201921.

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Ciliate mating systems are highly diversified, providing unique opportunities to study sexual differentiation and its implications for mating dynamics. Many species of ciliates have multiple (>2) sexes. More sexes may mean more choice and an opportunity for evolution of preferential mating. We asked if the multiple sexes of the ciliate Tetrahymena thermophila mate preferentially among each other. We quantified pairing frequencies among four sexes of T. thermophila using experiments that allowed the sexes to compete as mating partners. We found that all sexes mated equally frequently among each other, that is, we found no evidence of preferential mating with respect to sex. This suggests that the “mate choice” in this ciliate is binary, between whether to form a pair or not and, in this regard, sex facilitates only self-/non-self-distinction. Thus, presence of multiple sexes does not necessarily result in the evolution of mating bias, which could decrease the maximum amount of mating that would otherwise be possible in a population. Our result of random mating verifies a key assumption in the theoretical model of sex ratio evolution in T. thermophila. Investigation into molecular differences between the sexes will be necessary to reveal the mechanistic basis of random mating among them.

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22

Auld, Josh R., and Rafael Rubio de Casas. "The Correlated Evolution of Dispersal and Mating-System Traits." Evolutionary Biology 40, no. 2 (October 23, 2012): 185–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11692-012-9202-7.

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23

HAUDRY, A., A. CENCI, C. GUILHAUMON, E. PAUX, S. POIRIER, S. SANTONI, J. DAVID, and S. GLÉMIN. "Mating system and recombination affect molecular evolution in four Triticeae species." Genetics Research 90, no. 1 (February 2008): 97–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016672307009032.

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SummaryMating systems and recombination are thought to have a deep impact on the organization and evolution of genomes. Because of the decline in effective population size and the interference between linked loci, the efficacy of selection is expected to be reduced in regions with low recombination rates and in the whole genome of self-fertilizing species. At the molecular level, relaxed selection is expected to result in changes in the rate of protein evolution and the pattern of codon bias. It is increasingly recognized that recombination also affects non-selective processes such as the biased gene conversion towards GC alleles (bGC). Like selection, this kind of meiotic drive in favour of GC over AT alleles is expected to be reduced in weakly recombining regions and genomes. Here, we investigated the effect of mating system and recombination on molecular evolution in four Triticeae species: two outcrossers (Secale cereale and Aegilops speltoides) and two selfers (Triticum urartu and Triticum monococcum). We found that GC content, possibly driven by bGC, is affected by mating system and recombination as theoretically predicted. Selection efficacy, however, is only weakly affected by mating system and recombination. We investigated the possible reasons for this discrepancy. A surprising one is that, in outcrossing lineages, selection efficacy could be reduced because of high substitution rates in favour of GC alleles. Outcrossers, but not selfers, would thus suffer from a ‘GC-induced’ genetic load. This result sheds new light on the evolution of mating systems.

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24

Hammond, R. L., A. F. G. Bourke, and M. W. Bruford. "Mating frequency and mating system of the polygynous ant, Leptothorax acervorum." Molecular Ecology 10, no. 11 (November 2001): 2719–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.0962-1083.2001.01394.x.

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25

Molleman, Freerk, Sridhar Halali, and Ullasa Kodandaramaiah. "Brief Mating Behavior at Dawn and Dusk and Long Nocturnal Matings in the Butterfly Melanitis leda." Journal of Insect Behavior 33, no. 2-4 (July 2020): 138–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10905-020-09753-x.

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Abstract Information on the mating system of an insect species is necessary to gain insight into sexual selection and population structure. Male territoriality of the common evening brown butterfly Melanitis leda has been studied in the wild, but other aspects of its mating system remain largely unknown. For a population of M. leda in South India, we observed male-male and male-female interactions in captivity, measured mating duration and spermatophore mass, and also determined the degree of polyandry in the wild. We found that mating behavior takes place for short periods of time around dawn and dusk. Our observations corroborate that males compete in aerial combats (twirling) and interfere with mating pairs. In the morning, they may use shivering to warm up. Females can twirl with males and refuse mating by pointing their abdomens upwards or by flying away. Males court females by fluttering their wings while perched behind females, and then initiate copulation by curling their abdomens ca. 180 degrees sideways to make genital contact. While in the morning, matings lasted on average one hour and twenty-three minutes and never exceeded three hours, in the evening, matings could be of similar duration, but 42% of butterflies only separated when dawn was approaching. However, such long nocturnal matings did not result in heavier spermatophores. The first spermatophore of a male tended to be larger than subsequent spermatophores. Together with previous studies on this species, our findings suggest that males compete mainly through territorial defense (as reported before), courtship performance, and interference, and to a lesser extent by providing spermatophores, while females exert some control over the mating system by the timing of their receptivity and mate choice.

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26

Iwabuchi, Kikuo. "Mating behavior ofXylotrechus pyrrhoderus Bates (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). VI mating system." Journal of Ethology 6, no. 2 (December 1988): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02350870.

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27

Holsinger, Kent E. "The Population Genetics of Mating System Evolution in Homosporous Plants." American Fern Journal 80, no. 4 (October 1990): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1547203.

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28

Jarne, P., and T. Städler. "Population genetic structure and mating system evolution in freshwater pulmonates." Experientia 51, no. 5 (May 1995): 482–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02143200.

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29

BARRETT, SPENCER C. H. "Mating-system evolution in flowering plants: micro- and macroevolutionary approaches*." Acta Botanica Neerlandica 44, no. 4 (December 1995): 385–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1438-8677.1995.tb00794.x.

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30

Sardà-Palomera, F., M. Puigcerver, D. Vinyoles, and J. D. Rodríguez-Teijeiro. "Exploring male and female preferences, male body condition, and pair bonds in the evolution of male sexual aggregation: the case of the Common Quail (Coturnix coturnix)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 89, no. 4 (April 2011): 325–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z11-005.

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One of the unresolved problems of male sexual aggregations is that a small number of males monopolize most matings. The Common Quail ( Coturnix coturnix (L., 1758)), is a bird species that has a short life span and a reproductive strategy that involves male aggregations, which females visit for the purpose of mating. Once a mate has been chosen, birds leave the aggregation and form pair-bonds until incubation begins. This remarkable mating system might represent an intermediate step between lekking and pair-bond mating systems in which males provide some parental care. We designed a field experiment with funnel traps simulating male groups and single females to observe male and female preferences, and to examine the possible evolutionary process that drives males to aggregate. Radio-tagged individuals were also monitored to study pair-bonding behaviour in the field. Our results suggest that body condition is an important factor in male group formation, and that males with better body condition tend to aggregate, while males in poorer condition wait for extra-pair copulation opportunities. Moreover, this mating system creates a situation in which a queuing strategy might occur.

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31

Yin, Da, and Eric S. Haag. "Evolution of sex ratio through gene loss." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 26 (June 12, 2019): 12919–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1903925116.

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The maintenance of males at intermediate frequencies is an important evolutionary problem. Several species ofCaenorhabditisnematodes have evolved a mating system in which selfing hermaphrodites and males coexist. While selfing produces XX hermaphrodites, cross-fertilization produces 50% XO male progeny. Thus, male mating success dictates the sex ratio. Here, we focus on the contribution of themale secreted short(mss) gene family to male mating success, sex ratio, and population growth. Themssfamily is essential for sperm competitiveness in gonochoristic species, but has been lost in parallel in androdioecious species. Using a transgene to restoremssfunction to the androdioeciousCaenorhabditis briggsae,we examined how mating system and population subdivision influence the fitness of themss+genotype. Consistent with theoretical expectations, whenmss+andmss-null (i.e., wild type) genotypes compete,mss+is positively selected in both mixed-mating and strictly outcrossing situations, though more strongly in the latter. Thus, while sexual mode alone affects the fitness ofmss+, it is insufficient to explain its parallel loss. However, in genetically homogenous androdioecious populations,mss+both increases male frequency and depresses population growth. We propose that the lack of inbreeding depression and the strong subdivision that characterize naturalCaenorhabditispopulations impose selection on sex ratio that makes loss ofmssadaptive after self-fertility evolves.

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32

Lengeler, Klaus B., Deborah S. Fox, James A. Fraser, Andria Allen, Keri Forrester, Fred S. Dietrich, and Joseph Heitman. "Mating-Type Locus of Cryptococcus neoformans: a Step in the Evolution of Sex Chromosomes." Eukaryotic Cell 1, no. 5 (October 2002): 704–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.1.5.704-718.2002.

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ABSTRACT The sexual development and virulence of the fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans is controlled by a bipolar mating system determined by a single locus that exists in two alleles, α and a. The α and a mating-type alleles from two divergent varieties were cloned and sequenced. The C. neoformans mating-type locus is unique, spans >100 kb, and contains more than 20 genes. MAT-encoded products include homologs of regulators of sexual development in other fungi, pheromone and pheromone receptors, divergent components of a MAP kinase cascade, and other proteins with no obvious function in mating. The α and a alleles of the mating-type locus have extensively rearranged during evolution and strain divergence but are stable during genetic crosses and in the population. The C. neoformans mating-type locus is strikingly different from the other known fungal mating-type loci, sharing features with the self-incompatibility systems and sex chromosomes of algae, plants, and animals. Our study establishes a new paradigm for mating-type loci in fungi with implications for the evolution of cell identity and self/nonself recognition.

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33

Boness, Daryl J., W. Don Bowen, Birgit M. Buhleier, and Gregory J. Marshall. "Mating tactics and mating system of an aquatic-mating pinniped: the harbor seal, Phoca vitulina." Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 61, no. 1 (August 3, 2006): 119–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00265-006-0242-9.

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34

Penley, McKenna J., and Levi T. Morran. "Host mating system and coevolutionary dynamics shape the evolution of parasite avoidance in Caenorhabditis elegans host populations." Parasitology 145, no. 6 (June 28, 2017): 724–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182017000804.

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AbstractHosts exhibit a variety of defence mechanisms against parasites, including avoidance. Both host–parasite coevolutionary dynamics and the host mating system can alter the evolutionary trajectories of populations. Does the nature of host–parasite interactions and the host mating system affect the mechanisms that evolve to confer host defence? In a previous experimental evolution study, mixed mating and obligately outcrossing Caenorhabditis elegans host populations adapted to either coevolving or static Serratia marcescens parasite populations. Here, we assessed parasite avoidance as a mechanism underlying host adaptation. We measured host feeding preference for the coevolved and static parasites vs preference for Escherichia coli, to assess the evolution of avoidance behaviour within our experiment. We found that mixed mating host populations evolved a preference for E. coli relative to the static parasite strain; therefore, the hosts evolved parasite avoidance as a defence. However, mixed mating hosts did not exhibit E. coli preference when exposed to coevolved parasites, so avoidance cannot account for host adaptation to coevolving parasites. Further, the obligately outcrossing host populations did not exhibit parasite avoidance in the presence of either static or coevolved parasites. Therefore, both the nature of host–parasite interactions and the host mating system shaped the evolution of host defence.

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35

Singer, F., and Susan E. Riechert. "Mating system and mating success of the desert spider Agelenopsis aperta." Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 36, no. 5 (June 1, 1995): 313–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002650050153.

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Singer, Fred, and Susan E. Riechert. "Mating system and mating success of the desert spider Agelenopsis aperta." Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 36, no. 5 (May 1995): 313–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00167792.

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37

Arnqvist, Göran, Therésa M. Jones, and Mark A. Elgar. "The extraordinary mating system of Zeus bugs (Heteroptera:Veliidae:Phoreticovelia sp.)." Australian Journal of Zoology 55, no. 2 (2007): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo06090.

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Wingless female Zeus bugs (genus: Phoreticovelia) produce a secretion from dorsal glands that males feed upon when riding on females. This unique form of sex-role-reversed nuptial feeding may have set the stage for an unusual mating system. Here, we provide natural history details of the mating behaviour for two Zeus bug species. While these species have many mating behaviours in common, the wing morphs within species exhibit entirely different mating strategies. Adult wingless females are ridden permanently by adult wingless males. In the wild, adult sex-ratios among the wingless morph are male-biased; few unmounted adult females exist and many males instead ride immature females who also produce glandular secretions. In contrast, sex-ratios among the winged morph is not male-biased, sexual size dimorphism is less pronounced, females have no dorsal glands and are, consequently, not ridden by males. Field and laboratory observations show that mating is strongly assortative by wing morph. This assortment may allow evolutionary divergence between the two morphs. We discuss the implications of this mating system and suggest that it adds to those studies showing that sexually antagonistic coevolution can be a driver of mating system evolution.

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38

Smith, Henrik G., and Maria I. Sandell. "Intersexual Competition in a Polygynous Mating System." Oikos 83, no. 3 (December 1998): 484. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3546676.

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39

Cheptou, Pierre-Olivier. "Why should mating system biologists be demographers?" Trends in Ecology & Evolution 22, no. 11 (November 2007): 562–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2007.07.005.

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40

LUDWIG, Lars R., Tina C. SUMMERFIELD, Janice M. LORD, and Garima SINGH. "Characterization of the mating-type locus (MAT) reveals a heterothallic mating system inKnightiella splachnirima." Lichenologist 49, no. 4 (July 2017): 373–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0024282917000214.

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AbstractIn the present study, we characterized the mating-type locus ofKnightiella splachnirima(Icmadophilaceae) using degenerate and inverse PCR techniques. We screened for the presence of both mating-type locus idiomorphs in DNA extracts of minuscule samples of haploid thalline tissue. We found that only one of the two idiomorphs was present in each sample, and the mating-type ratio (MAT1-1:MAT1-2) was very balanced, being 8:10 and 13:14 at local and global scales, respectively. This indicates that the species is probably self-incompatible and requires the presence of compatible mating partners for sexual reproduction (heterothallic mating system). Furthermore, we provide a mating-type screening protocol withK. splachnirimaspecific mating-type locus primers, which could serve as an essential tool for the conservation management of this rare Australasian endemic.

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41

Fries, Nils, and Yu-Ping Sun. "The mating system of Suillus bovinus." Mycological Research 96, no. 3 (March 1992): 237–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0953-7562(09)80974-x.

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42

Holsinger, Kent E. "Inbreeding Depression Doesn't Matter: The Genetic Basis of Mating-System Evolution." Evolution 42, no. 6 (November 1988): 1235. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2409007.

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43

Holsinger, Kent E. "INBREEDING DEPRESSION DOESN'T MATTER: THE GENETIC BASIS OF MATING-SYSTEM EVOLUTION." Evolution 42, no. 6 (November 1988): 1235–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1988.tb04183.x.

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44

Pettengill, James B., and David A. Moeller. "TEMPO AND MODE OF MATING SYSTEM EVOLUTION BETWEEN INCIPIENT CLARKIA SPECIES." Evolution 66, no. 4 (December 21, 2011): 1210–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.2011.01521.x.

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Spigler, Rachel B., and Susan Kalisz. "Phenotypic plasticity in mating-system traits in the annual Collinsia verna." Botany 91, no. 9 (September 2013): 597–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2012-0227.

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Variation in abiotic factors can influence the selective advantage of selfing and expression of the mating system if mating-system modifier traits are phenotypically plastic. However, relative to biotic factors, the role of abiotic conditions in driving variation in and evolution of plant mating systems is rarely addressed. We use an experimental approach to evaluate the extent to which genetic and environmental variation influence the expression of mating-system traits in the annual Collinsia verna. We subjected families to two environmental treatments in the greenhouse that varied in light and water availability, simulating natural and short flowering-season conditions, and examined the following: autonomous fruit set, flower number, flower size, rate of anther dehiscence, floral longevity, and timing of selfing. Our results demonstrate plasticity in nearly all traits examined. Compared with natural-season conditions, plants under short-season conditions produced fewer, smaller flowers and selfed approximately one day later due to slower anther dehiscence rates. Autonomous fruit set was similar across treatments, but there was genetic variation for plasticity in this important trait. Further, we show genetic variation in autonomous fruit set, timing of selfing, and flower number and size. Given the effects of global climate change on the duration of growing season, our results suggest that plasticity in mating-system traits will affect mating-system variation and, thus, opportunities for selection.

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Huck, Maren, Eduardo Fernandez-Duque, Paul Babb, and Theodore Schurr. "Correlates of genetic monogamy in socially monogamous mammals: insights from Azara's owl monkeys." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 281, no. 1782 (May 7, 2014): 20140195. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.0195.

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Understanding the evolution of mating systems, a central topic in evolutionary biology for more than 50 years, requires examining the genetic consequences of mating and the relationships between social systems and mating systems. Among pair-living mammals, where genetic monogamy is extremely rare, the extent of extra-group paternity rates has been associated with male participation in infant care, strength of the pair bond and length of the breeding season. This study evaluated the relationship between two of those factors and the genetic mating system of socially monogamous mammals, testing predictions that male care and strength of pair bond would be negatively correlated with rates of extra-pair paternity (EPP). Autosomal microsatellite analyses provide evidence for genetic monogamy in a pair-living primate with bi-parental care, the Azara's owl monkey ( Aotus azarae ) . A phylogenetically corrected generalized least square analysis was used to relate male care and strength of the pair bond to their genetic mating system (i.e. proportions of EPP) in 15 socially monogamous mammalian species. The intensity of male care was correlated with EPP rates in mammals, while strength of pair bond failed to reach statistical significance. Our analyses show that, once social monogamy has evolved, paternal care, and potentially also close bonds, may facilitate the evolution of genetic monogamy.

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Lin, Jing-Zhong. "The relationship between loci for mating system and fitness-related traits in Mimulus (Scrophulariaceae): A test for deleterious pleiotropy of QTLs with large effects." Genome 43, no. 4 (August 1, 2000): 628–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g00-032.

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Loci with large phenotypic effects are generally not thought to be important in the evolution of quantitative traits because of their deleterious pleiotropic effects, yet empirical studies of such pleiotropic effects are lacking. Here I use molecular markers to test the extent of deleterious pleiotropy of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) that have large effects on mating system differences between the wild plants Mimulus guttatus and M. platycalyx (Scrophulariaceae). Six fitness-related traits, namely germination rate (GR), number of nodes (NN), number of flowers (NF), plant height (HT), above-ground biomass (WT), and flowering time (FT) were examined in a growth chamber for a backcross population between M. guttatus and M. platycalyx (with M. platycalyx as recurrent parent). Interval mapping based upon a linkage map consisting of isozyme and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers detected no QTL for fitness-related traits near the mating system QTLs. Single-marker analysis based upon 13 markers flanking the mating system QTLs detected three significant marker-fitness trait associations, and these associations indicate beneficial effects of mating system loci. This suggests that QTLs with large effects on mating system traits do not have significant deleterious pleiotropic effects, and that they could be important factors in adaptive evolution of Mimulus.Key words: pleiotropy, mating system, fitness, quantitative trait loci, molecular marker.

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Coddington, CL, and A. Cockburn. "The Mating System of Free-Living Emus." Australian Journal of Zoology 43, no. 4 (1995): 365. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9950365.

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Despite their pivotal role in interpretation of the complex mating systems of the ratites, the mating system of free-living emus (Dromaius novaehollandiae) has not been characterised. Here we report observations on an introduced but free-ranging population of emus at Tidbinbilla Nature Reserve in the Australian Capital Territory. Emus combined monogamy, polyandry and promiscuity. All initially unpaired males paired with and incubated a clutch for females whose primary mates were preoccupied with incubation. However, females were also promiscuous, and most copulations we observed were extra-pair. Females fight vigorously among themselves for access to unpaired males. Coupled with observations on cassowaries, these data suggest that there is no simple correlation between habitat (grassland/forest) and the mating system in ratites. Instead, the resolution of the complex conflicts of interest between the sexes appears to determine the predominant mating systems exhibited by a species.

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Hu, Xin‐Sheng, Xin‐Xin Zhang, Wei Zhou, Ying Hu, Xi Wang, and Xiao‐Yang Chen. "Mating system shifts a species’ range." Evolution 73, no. 2 (January 7, 2019): 158–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/evo.13663.

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Colicchio, Jack, Patrick J. Monnahan, Carolyn A. Wessinger, Keely Brown, James Russell Kern, and John K. Kelly. "Individualized mating system estimation using genomic data." Molecular Ecology Resources 20, no. 1 (October 12, 2019): 333–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1755-0998.13094.

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