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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Mating behaviour

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Academic literature on the topic 'Mating behaviour'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 6 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Mating behaviour"

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Garita-Alvarado, Carlos A., Beatriz Naranjo-Elizondo, and Gilbert Barrantes. "Mating and aggressive behaviour of Brachyrhaphis olomina (Cyprinodontiformes: Poeciliidae)." Journal of Ethology 36, no. 1 (August 21, 2017): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10164-017-0523-y.

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Abstract Despite the increasing interest in the use of intromittent male genitalia and coercive mating behaviour in poeciliids, detailed studies of the mating behaviour of most species in this family are lacking. We describe here the mating and aggressive behaviours of Brachyrhaphis olomina, and correlate them with the condition of the female’s ovum and embryos (immature, mature and pregnant). B. olomina performed a wide range of aggressive (sidle spread, tail beating, coordinate) and mating behaviours (approximation, touch, lateral display, touch-lateral display). Some behaviours (e.g. tail beating) are shared with other poeciliids, but two sexual behaviours (touch and lateral display) and one aggressive (coordinate) behaviour may be unique to B. olomina and were not reported in a previous study. Differences in male behaviour when paired with a female with mature ovum (more mating displays, no agonistic movements) suggest that males detect the female’s reproductive condition from some distance. The distinctive nature of mating behaviour in B. olomina highlights the importance of studying different species to have a better understanding of the evolution of mating and aggressive behaviours in poeciliids. Digital video images related to the article are available at http://www.momo-p.com/showdetail-e.php?movieid=momo170720bo01a, http://www.momo-p.com/showdetail-e.php?movieid=momo170720bo02a and http://www.momo-p.com/showdetail-e.php?movieid=momo170720bo03a.

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Lincoln, Tim. "Reflections on mating behaviour." Nature 345, no. 6271 (May 1990): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/345113b0.

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Hogan, Lindsay, Clive Phillips, Allan Lisle, Alan Horsup, Tina Janssen, and Stephen Johnston. "Reproductive behaviour of the southern-hairy nosed wombat (Lasiorhinus latifrons)." Australian Journal of Zoology 58, no. 6 (2010): 350. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo10068.

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The southern hairy-nosed wombat (Lasiorhinus latifrons) is under threat as its current distribution range and population size is declining. The low reproductive rates observed for this species, both in the wild and within captivity, are a cause for concern; as such this study was designed to provide a comprehensive account of reproductive behaviour in L. latifrons. The behaviour of four groups of captive animals (each 1♂ : 2♀) was remotely monitored for 14 months using a digital video-surveillance system. Using this technology, 13 distinctive reproductive-based behaviours were identified and recorded; each behaviour was allocated to one of two categories: courtship/guarding or mating. The courtship-to-mating ritual was made up of six consecutive phases: investigation, attraction, chase, restraint, coitus and recovery. In total, 423 courtship and 49 mating bouts were observed from five (2♂ : 3♀) wombats. Courtship behaviour was observed on 116 days, with a mean bout number of 3.6 ± 0.2 per day and a mean total daily time of 29.8 ± 1.8 min. Mating was observed on 24 days, with a mean bout number of 2.1 ± 0.3 per day and a mean total daily time of 100.1 ± 9.8 min. Courtship occurred over the entire enclosure area and three distinctive courtship locomotor patterns were identified: spiral-circles, straight-lines and random. Matings occurred only in closed spaces and were always accompanied by courtship behaviour. In contrast, only 68% of all courtship days were associated with a mating event. Receptivity in the female wombats lasted for 13 h and the behavioural signs of oestrus were so subtle that only the reaction/interest of the male could be used for its detection. The covert reproductive behaviours identified for female L. latifrons closely match those previously reported for captive common wombats and may relate to this species’ need to conserve energy.

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Piascik, Edyta K., Kevin A. Judge, and Darryl T. Gwynne. "Polyandry and tibial spur chewing in the Carolina ground cricket (Eunemobius carolinus)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 88, no. 10 (October 2010): 988–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z10-065.

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During mating, the female Carolina ground cricket ( Eunemobius carolinus (Scudder, 1877)) chews specialized spurs on the male’s hind tibia for access to his hemolymph. One potential benefit to spur chewing includes nutritional acquisition from male hemolymph. A method for testing this hypothesis is to manipulate food quality or quantity, with the prediction that mating rate will increase as food quality or quantity decreases. We manipulated diet quality in adult females and provided them with four consecutive mating opportunities. We measured four aspects of mating behaviour (mating rate, latency to copulate, copulation duration, and spur chewing duration) and three of female fitness (egg number, egg-laying rate, and life span). Females of the two diet treatments did not differ significantly in any of the measured mating behaviours, although females fed a low-quality diet lived longer. Male life span did not correlate with any measured variable, although males that experienced more matings and longer total times of copulation and spur chewing lost more mass. These results suggest that spur chewing may be costly for males, although we detected no evidence that this behaviour was a benefit to the female or represented a form of male coercion.

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Fowler-Finn, Kasey, Sarah L. Boyer, Raine Ikagawa, Timothy Jeffries, Penelope C. Kahn, Eva Marie Larsen, Daniel Lee, Daniel Sasson, and Morgan Smeester. "Qualitative and quantitative comparisons of mating behaviour across multiple populations and six species of leiobunine harvestmen (Arachnida: Opiliones)." Behaviour 156, no. 3-4 (2019): 363–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-00003545.

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Abstract Mating behaviour is highly diverse in animals both among and within species. We examine variation in mating behaviour in leiobunine harvestmen, which show high diversity in genitalic traits that are predicted to correspond to patterns of behavioural diversity. We ran mating trials for six species of leiobunine from four locations, and measured body size for a subset of individuals. We described mating behaviour in detail—providing the first formal description for most species—and examined variation inter- and intraspecific in body size and behaviour. Individuals were smaller in northern populations. Furthermore, we found species- and population-specific behaviours, high variation in the timing and success of different stages of mating, and high remating rates. However, we found no correlation between behavioural and morphological variation. Leiobunine harvestmen offer an excellent system for understanding multiple mechanisms of sexual selection and geographic diversification of mating behaviour.

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Wilson, Robbie S., Catriona H. L. Condon, and Ian A. Johnston. "Consequences of thermal acclimation for the mating behaviour and swimming performance of female mosquito fish." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 362, no. 1487 (May 2007): 2131–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2007.2106.

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The mating system of eastern mosquito fish ( Gambusia holbrooki ) is dominated by male sexual coercion, where all matings are forced and females never appear to cooperate and actively avoid all attempts. Previous research has shown that male G. holbrooki offer a model system for examining the benefits of reversible thermal acclimation for reproductive success, but examining the benefits to female avoidance behaviour has been difficult. In this study, we examined the ability of non-male-deprived female G. holbrooki to avoid forced–coercive matings following acclimation to either 18 or 30°C for six weeks (12 h light : 12 h dark photoperiod). Thermal acclimation of burst and sustained swimming performance was also assessed, as these traits are likely to underlie their ability to avoid forced matings. There was no influence of thermal acclimation on the burst swimming performance of female G. holbrooki over the range 18–30°C; however, sustained swimming performance was significantly lower in the warm- than the cool-acclimation group. For mating behaviour, we tested the hypothesis that acclimation would enhance the ability of female G. holbrooki to avoid forced matings at their host acclimation temperature relative to females acclimated to another environment. However, our hypothesis was not supported. The rate of copulations was almost three times greater for females acclimated to 30°C than 18°C when tested at 30°C, indicating that they possess the ability to alter their avoidance behaviour to ‘allow’ more copulations in some environments. Coupled with previous studies, female G. holbrooki appear to have greater control on the outcome of coercive mating attempts than previously considered and can alter their propensity to receive forced matings following thermal acclimation. The significance of this change in female mating-avoidance behaviours with thermal acclimation remains to be explored.

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Chowdanayaka, Rajanikanth, and Ramachandra Nallur Basappa. "Mating behaviour and mating signalling modalities in Drosophila nasuta." Animal Behaviour 197 (March 2023): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2022.12.010.

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Thomas, Jessica L., Marissa L. Parrott, Kathrine A. Handasyde, and Peter Temple-Smith. "Female control of reproductive behaviour in the platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus), with notes on female competition for mating." Behaviour 155, no. 1 (2018): 27–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-00003476.

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Abstract Opportunities for studying platypus courtship and mating behaviours in the wild are limited due to the nocturnal and cryptic nature of this species. We report on platypus courtship and mating behaviour from a successful breeding program at Healesville Sanctuary, Victoria, in which platypuses were held as either breeding pairs or trios over seven years. Behaviour was recorded daily on infrared cameras resulting in over 80,000 h of footage that was analysed for activity periods, and courtship and mating behaviours including non-contact and contact courtship, mating and avoidance. Our aims were to describe and quantify courtship and mating interactions between males and females, and to determine if either sex controlled the initiation and continuation of the behaviours. From our observations, we describe a new courtship behaviour, non-contact courtship, which constituted the majority of all mating season interactions between males and females. The time between first and last appearance of a courtship and mating behaviour was 41.0 ± 6.6 days, with the females showing behavioural receptivity for 29.6 ± 5.1 days. Female platypuses used three evasive strategies in relation to approaches by males: avoidance, flight and resistance. Females controlled the duration of 79% of encounters using resistance. For the first time, two females were seen competing with each other over access to the male platypus in their enclosure and for nesting material. Time investment in courtship and mating behaviours was a poor indicator of receptivity and breeding success, and we suggest that breeding failure is more likely to be associated with failure of fertilisation, nest building, embryonic development or incubation. We describe how female platypuses demonstrate evasiveness and control of courtship and mating behaviours, and the importance of providing these opportunities in captivity to promote successful breeding.

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Liu, Bao-Jun, Jia-Fu Hu, Zhen-Yu Liu, Liang Xu, Quan Lu, Yong-Xia Li, and Xing-Yao Zhang. "Behavioural features of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus in the mating process." Nematology 16, no. 8 (2014): 895–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685411-00002816.

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The pine wood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, is able to produce hundreds of thousands of offspring in a short time. Its mating behaviour might play a basic role in this marked fecundity. We investigated the features of the mating behaviour of B. xylophilus using long-time microscope video and repeated observations. The mating behaviour of B. xylophilus could be separated into a series of sequential sub-behaviours, including cruising, approaching, encountering, touching, hooping, locating, attaching, ejaculating, separating, quiescence and roaming. Overall, the process of mating behaviour could be divided into four different phases, searching, contacting, copulating and lingering; the mean times for these different phases varied significantly with 21.8 ± 2.0 min, 28.0 ± 1.9 min, 23.6 ± 0.7 min and 7.2 ± 0.5 min for each of the four phases, respectively. Attraction between the sexes was observed, indicating that sex pheromone(s) might be involved in mating behaviour of B. xylophilus. In addition, when one female was placed with three males, male-male competition was observed, which might be caused by mating-choice pressure from the female. Intra-sexual competition of females was also occasionally observed.

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Adamo, Shelley A., and Ronald Chase. "Courtship and copulation in the terrestrial snail Helix aspersa." Canadian Journal of Zoology 66, no. 6 (June 1, 1988): 1446–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z88-211.

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Mating behaviour in Helix aspersa has three major components: introductory behaviour, dart shooting, and copulation. Introductory behaviour, which includes reciprocal tactile and oral contacts, lasts an average of 33.7 ± 23.3 (SD) min. Dart shooting, the pushing of a calcareous dart into the mating partner's body, occurs once for each snail per mating sequence. Snails that hit their partners during the first dart-shooting event copulated 14.5 ± 8.7 min after dart shooting, whereas snails that missed their partners took 40.5 ± 37.5 min to copulate. Dart shooting may facilitate mating by increasing behavioural synchrony. Copulation is reciprocal and has a duration of 421.8 ± 56.6 min. Spermatophores are transferred approximately 300 min after simultaneous intromission. There are significant differences in the mating behaviours of Helix aspersa and Helix pomatia.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Mating behaviour"

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Archard, Gabrielle Ann. "Context-dependent mating behaviour in the guppy, Poecilia reticulata." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.437271.

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Watt, Rebekah. "Transcriptomic basis of post-mating responses in females of the parasitic wasp Nasonia vitripennis." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/7660.

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Mating in insects influences suites of behavioural and physiological changes in females. These changes can include key female traits such as dispersal, foraging, oviposition and female remating or receptivity. Whilst much is known at the phenotypic level about post-mating changes in reproductive biology across many species, much less is known at the genetic level, especially outside of established model organisms such as Drosophila melanogaster. In the parasitic wasp Nasonia vitripennis courtship behaviour, rather than copulation, is believed to be primarily responsible for driving changes in female post-mating behaviour. Here we have studied female receptivity and post-mating gene expression changes associated with courtship and copulation in Nasonia vitripennis. Firstly we considered the influence of the duration of various elements of courtship and mating on female re-mating rates. We were able to identify an association between long pre-copulatory courtship durations and females which are less likely to re-mate (after 24 hours) and suggest that this may be driven by females which are generally less receptive. We also observed that males may be capable of determining female mating state, taking longer to engage in courtship with mated females than virgin females. To further explore the influence of mating on female post-mating behavioural and physiological processes, we explored changes in gene expression occurring in response to mating. To do this we utilised two different transcriptomic sequencing approaches developed for the Illumina next-generation sequencing platform. Using a tag-seq approach we considered the differential gene expression occurring in response to mating in head and body (comprising of the thorax and abdomen) tissues across two time-points (30 minutes and four hours). We were able to identify large changes in expression in head tissues across time-points in comparison to more subtle changes in body tissues. We suggest that head tissues may be more closely associated with post-mating changes in behaviour, whilst body tissues are perhaps physiologically more associated with egg production and influenced less by mating per se. Finally, using an RNA-seq approach, we considered the gene expression changes occurring in female body tissues in response to three elements of male courtship across two time-points (30 minutes and 24 hours). We hoped to narrow down the role of male courtship and/or insemination in post-mating gene expression differences, addressing first the more limited changed in body tissues. We showed that time-point was the most important factor associated with post-mating gene expression, with the courtship components tested being associated with very little expressional change. The data presented in this thesis suggests that male courtship may not be that important for driving the post-mating behavioural and genetic changes seen in Nasonia, perhaps limiting the scope for sexual conflict over reproduction in this species.

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Convey, Peter. "Influences on mating behaviour and reproductive success in the Odonata." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.330166.

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Tomlinson, Ian Philip Mark. "Theoretical and experimental studies of the evolution of mate choice." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.303163.

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Sweeney, John James. "An investigation into the polygynous mating system of the wren Troglodytes troglodytes indigenus (L.)." Thesis, University of the West of Scotland, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.388214.

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McCallum, Andrew Shaw. "Male mating behaviour in the crickets Acheta domesticus L. and Gryllus bimaculatus De Geer (Orthoptera: Gryllidae) : the role of the cerci and other terminal abdominal receptors." Thesis, University of Derby, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.304997.

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Buchanan-Smith, H. M. "The social organisation and mating systems of the red bellied tamarin (Saguinus labiatus labiatus) : Behavioural observations in captivity and in the wild." Thesis, University of Reading, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.235029.

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Brereton, Alyn Robert. "Sexual interference in stumptail macaques (Macac arctoides) : is it return-benefit spite?" Thesis, University of Stirling, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.236099.

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Adamczak, Vera G. "Variation in the mating system of oribi, Ourebia ourebi." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.323868.

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Wilson, Nina. "Multiple mating in Callosobruchus maculatus : a male and female perspective." Thesis, University of Sunderland, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.242134.

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Books on the topic "Mating behaviour"

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Cannon, R. J. C., ed. Courtship and mating in butterflies: reproduction, mating behaviour and sexual conflicts. Wallingford: CABI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789242638.0000.

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McElligott, Alan G. Fighting, vocal activity, annual mating success and lifetime mating success of Fallow bucks (Dama dama L.): Short-term investment and long-term cost. Dublin: University College Dublin, 1997.

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Kelly, Paul F. Mating success of male Fallow Deer (Dama dama L.): Mating strategy, antler geometry and vocal characteristics. Dublin: University College Dublin, 1998.

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McCallum, Andrew Shaw. Male mating behaviour in the crickets Acheta domesticus L. and Gryllus bimaculatus De Geer (Orthoptera: Gryllidae): The role of the cerci and other terminal abdominal receptors. Derby: Derbyshire College of Higher Education, 1992.

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Narrow roads of gene land: The collected papers of W.D. Hamilton. : Evolution of social behaviour. Oxford: W.H. Freeman, 1995.

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Rodda, Gordon H. The mating behavior of Iguana iguana. Washington, D.C: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1992.

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The mating lives of birds. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2012.

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Williams, Jean Balch. Mating harassment in nonhuman primates: A bibliography. Seattle: Primate Information Center, Regional Primate Research Center, University of Washington, 1985.

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Perel, Esther. Mating in Captivity. New York: HarperCollins, 2006.

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Factors Affecting Probability Matching Behavior. [New York, N.Y.?]: [publisher not identified], 2013.

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Book chapters on the topic "Mating behaviour"

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van den Assem, J. "Mating Behaviour." In Insect Natural Enemies, 163–221. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0013-7_3.

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Duncan, Neil, Ignacio Carazo, Olvido Chereguini, and Evaristo Mañanós. "Mating Behaviour." In The Biology of Sole, 169–84. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, [2019] | “A science publishers book.”: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315120393-9.

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Gowaty, Patricia Adair. "Mating Behaviour." In The Routledge International Handbook of Comparative Psychology, 175–87. New York: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003091868-17.

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Hardy, Ian C. W., Paul J. Ode, and Michael Siva-Jothy. "Mating Behaviour." In Insects As Natural Enemies, 219–60. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-2625-6_4.

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Turner, George F. "Teleost mating behaviour." In Behaviour of Teleost Fishes, 307–31. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1578-0_10.

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Cannon, R. J. C. "Courtship behaviour." In Courtship and mating in butterflies: reproduction, mating behaviour and sexual conflicts, 114–59. Wallingford: CABI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789242638.0114.

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Cartwright, John. "Human Sexual Behaviour: Mating Systems and Mating Strategies." In Evolution and Human Behaviour, 231–46. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-05296-4_11.

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Broom, Donald M. "Sexual behaviour." In Broom and Fraser’s domestic animal behaviour and welfare, 183–96. 6th ed. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789249835.0018.

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Abstract In this chapter the reproductive and social behavior of domestic animals are discussed focusing on sexual behavior aspects such as female characteristics, oestrus, male reproduction: libido, male courtship, male sexual and mating behaviour.

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Clarke, A. R. "Reproductive biology and mating behaviour." In Biology and management of iBactrocera/i and related fruit flies, 78–105. Wallingford: CABI, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789241822.0078.

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Turner, George. "Teleost Mating Systems and Strategies." In The Behaviour of Teleost Fishes, 253–74. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-8261-4_10.

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Conference papers on the topic "Mating behaviour"

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AZUMA, N., C. FURUBAYASHI, T. SHICHIRI, M. WADA, N. MIZUNO, and Y. SUZUKI. "BIOLUMINESCENCE AND MATING BEHAVIOUR IN PONY FISH, Leiognathus nuchalis." In Proceedings of the 13th International Symposium. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812702203_0001.

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Gupta, Kamal Kumar. "Influence of plant volatiles on mating behaviour and reproductive fitness ofDysdercus koenigii." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.113535.

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Zou, Meiyan, Ling Zhu, and Mingsheng Chen. "Numerical Simulation of the Complex Impact Behavior of Float-Over Deck Installation Based on an Efficient Two-Body Heaving Impact Model." In ASME 2018 37th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2018-78029.

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Float-over deck installation involves multi-body interactions under the wave excitations, such as the nonlinear impacts between the barge and deck via the Deck Support Units (DSUs) and between deck and substructure via the Leg Mating Unit (LMUs). These nonlinear impacts can only be analysed in the time-domain. This paper develops an efficient two-body heaving impact model based on the Cummins equation to study the nonlinear impact behaviour of float-over deck installation. In this model, the convolution term of the Cummins equation is replaced by state-space model such that the efficiency of time-domain modelling can be greatly enhanced. Both the DSUs and LMUs, serving as the shock absorbing devices, are modelled as linear compression-only springs with limited carrying capacity. When the carrying capacity of DSU and LMU is reached, direct contact between deck and barge and between deck and substructure are also modelled by using two harder compression-only springs. The established model is applied to study the nonlinear dynamics of the float-over system during the mating stage that is divided into five stages according to the percentage of deck load transferred to the substructure. Bifurcation diagram is also applied to demonstrate the nonlinear behaviour associated with the deck and barge subjected to LMU and DSU impacts. Hard impacts, namely the direct impacts between the deck and barge and between the deck and substructure, together with high frequency vibrations are found to occur at the start and end of the mating stage. The motion pattern of the deck evolving from periodic motions into chaotic motions is identified. In addition, the period-doubling phenomenon is also observed.

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"The Performance of Mating Behaviour in Relationship with Fertility of Eggs Laid and the Effect of Group Size." In 2015 ASABE International Meeting. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aim.20152189578.

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Angerhausen, Julian, Hubertus Murrenhoff, Leonid Dorogin, Michele Scaraggi, Boris Lorenz, and Bo N. J. Persson. "Influence of Anisotropic Surfaces on the Friction Behaviour of Hydraulic Seals." In BATH/ASME 2016 Symposium on Fluid Power and Motion Control. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fpmc2016-1739.

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In the modelling of the leakage rate, friction force or contact pressure distribution of hydraulic seals is quite common to assume the mating surfaces to be characterized by a random isotropic roughness. However, due to different surface finishing methods, such as coating, grinding or polishing, roughness with anisotropic characteristics is often generated. In this paper a first experimental investigation of the influence of such anisotropic surfaces on the sliding friction is provided. For this purpose, a test rig has been designed and set up to investigate a soft, lubricated line contact representative of a generic reciprocating hydraulic seal. In particular, an O-ring cord is squeezed into contact with a steady rotating rigid cylinder. In order to adopt a cylinder-on-flat configuration, the diameter of the rigid cylinder is chosen to be significantly larger than the O-ring (cross-section) diameter. Furthermore, three cylinders with different surfaces are used: One (sandblasted) isotropic surface and two anisotropic surfaces roughness, scratched perpendicularly or along the azimuthal direction. Therefore, under temperature control, Stribeck curves have been measured at different squeezing loads and surface roughness, showing a neat influence of the surface roughness characteristics on the friction force. Finally, the experimental results are compared with the predictions provided by a recent mean field theory of soft contact (e.g. rubber) lubrication.

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Ramamurti, V., M. Subramaniam, and B. Shanker. "Cyclic Symmetric Analysis of Fabricated Gear Wheels." In ASME 1989 Design Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc1989-0132.

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Abstract A computer aided method of analysis of the web portion of a spur gear is presented. The cyclic symmetric concept is used for solving the problem of the steady state stress analysis (asymmetric loading) when the gear is subjected to a concentrated edge load due to the mating tooth. The effect of cut-outs in the web is studied. The response of the web to a moving load is investigated. The ratio of the forcing frequency to the fundamental frequency of the gear wheel being small, the moving load is approximated as a static load acting at different points. The influence of radial ribs on the behaviour of the gear is also studied.

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Karagiannis, I., and S. Theodossiades. "Dynamic Analysis of Automotive Hypoid Gears." In ASME 2013 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2013-13014.

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The dynamics of differentials in rear wheel drive vehicles are of major importance for the automotive industry. Hypoid transmissions — forming the motion transfer mechanism from the driveshaft to the wheels — often suffer from severe vibrations, which could lead to Noise, Vibration and Harshness (NVH) issues. The latter are often attributed to improper mesh between the mating gear flanks due to misalignments, variation of contact load and shifting of the effective mesh position. A new modelling approach on the torsional dynamics of hypoid gear pairs is presented in this work. This is characterised by an alternative expression of the Dynamic Transmission Error (DTE), which accounts for the variation of the effective mesh position. Numerical results indicate the enriched dynamic behaviour that can be predicted using the new formulation. A solution continuation method is employed to follow the response branches over the operating range of the differential under examination. The ensuing parametric studies convey the importance of the main system parameters on the dynamic behaviour of the differential, yielding suggestions for design guidelines.

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Zaldivar-Colado, Ulises, and Samir Garbaya. "Virtual Assembly Environment Modelling." In ASME-AFM 2009 World Conference on Innovative Virtual Reality. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/winvr2009-743.

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In this paper, we present the virtual environment of assembly sequence generation of a product at the design stage. The interaction technique developed for the manipulation of virtual parts includes visual and haptic feedback limited to force sensation in the fingertips and weight and inertia parts sensation. At this stage of development, the parts and subassemblies have kinematics behaviour in the virtual scene. We present some guidelines for modeling a generic virtual environment for performing assembly tasks. Virtual parts modeling and connections modeling is based on characteristics of real parts and connections. The mating phase of assembly is based on the Snap-Fitting technique, which is improved by the addition of vectors in the symmetry axis of virtual parts. An XML modeling allows the environment to be generic and supporting different products.

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Botto, D., M. Lavella, and M. M. Gola. "Test Rig for Extraction of the Contact Parameters for Plane on Plane Contact." In ASME 2012 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2012-70950.

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The modelling of the friction interfaces has received much attention in recent years from the aerospace industry. In order to obtain reliable prediction of the nonlinear dynamic behaviour of the disc and blades in the aerospace engine the friction forces at interfaces, such as in under-platform dampers, blade and fir tree roots or shrouds, must be modelled accurately. Two contact parameters, namely the contact stiffness and the coefficient of friction, are sufficient to model, with good accuracy, the friction contact. The contact parameters are obtained experimentally, and are of interest for the designer only if representative of the operational environment of the engine. To pursue this aim a test rig has been designed to perform experiments in a wide range of temperatures, with different combinations of normal and tangential load, frequencies and mating materials, representative of the real operating condition of the engine. Most of the rigs found in literature perform most likely point contact even if the two bodies have plane mating surfaces. The design of a real plane-on-plane contact test rig is not an easy task but despite the difficulty a solution was found in the design shown in this work. The core of the rig is a tilting mechanism enabling one surface to lies down on the other so that the plane-on-plane contact is achieved, at least within the flatness geometrical tolerance of the surfaces. The results of the experiments are the hysteresis loops, namely the tangential contact force against the relative displacement, from which the contact parameters can be calculated. Measurements of displacements are taken very close to the actual contact area and are performed by means of two laser interferometers. Localized heating is achieved by means of an induction heating machine while a thermocouple measures the temperature at points close to the contact area.

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Kempers, R., R. Frizzell, A. Lyons, and A. J. Robinson. "Development of a Metal Micro-Textured Thermal Interface Material." In ASME 2009 InterPACK Conference collocated with the ASME 2009 Summer Heat Transfer Conference and the ASME 2009 3rd International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/interpack2009-89366.

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Typical thermal interface materials (TIMs) consist of high thermal conductivity solid particles dispersed in a continuous, low thermal conductivity organic compound. Despite using filler materials of very high thermal conductivity, the effective thermal conductivity of these TIMs is often two orders of magnitude lower than the pure filler materials. In addition, dispensing and flow of the particle-matrix composite results in voids being trapped within the bond. To address these issues, a novel metal micro-textured thermal interface material (MMT-TIM) has been developed. This material consists of a thin metal foil with raised micro-scale features that plastically deform under an applied pressure thereby creating a continuous, thermally conductive, path between the mating surfaces. Numerical tools have been developed that couple the mechanical and thermal properties and behaviour of MMT-TIMs as they undergo large-plastic deformation during assembly. This study presents the modelling approach and predictions of MMT-TIM performance based on these numerical techniques. The predictions show good agreement with experimental results, which were obtained using prototype MMT-TIMs and an advanced TIM characterization facility. Finally, a future outlook for this technology is presented based on these promising initial results.

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Reports on the topic "Mating behaviour"

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Brian Clark, Brian Clark. Sex in the sea: Uncovering the mating behavior of Giant Sea Bass. Experiment, January 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18258/1883.

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Heifetz, Yael, and Michael Bender. Success and failure in insect fertilization and reproduction - the role of the female accessory glands. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7695586.bard.

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The research problem. Understanding of insect reproduction has been critical to the design of insect pest control strategies including disruptions of mate-finding, courtship and sperm transfer by male insects. It is well known that males transfer proteins to females during mating that profoundly affect female reproductive physiology, but little is known about the molecular basis of female mating response and no attempts have yet been made to interfere with female post-mating responses that directly bear on the efficacy of fertilization. The female reproductive tract provides a crucial environment for the events of fertilization yet thus far those events and the role of the female tract in influencing them are poorly understood. For this project, we have chosen to focus on the lower reproductive tract because it is the site of two processes critical to reproduction: sperm management (storage, maintenance, and release from storage) and fertilization. E,fforts during this project period centered on the elucidation of mating responses in the female lower reproductive tract The central goals of this project were: 1. To identify mating-responsive genes in the female lower reproductive tract using DNA microarray technology. 2. In parallel, to identify mating-responsive genes in these tissues using proteomic assays (2D gels and LC-MS/MS techniques). 3. To integrate proteomic and genomic analyses of reproductive tract gene expression to identify significant genes for functional analysis. Our main achievements were: 1. Identification of mating-responsive genes in the female lower reproductive tract. We identified 539 mating-responsive genes using genomic and proteomic approaches. This analysis revealed a shift from gene silencing to gene activation soon after mating and a peak in differential gene expression at 6 hours post-mating. In addition, comparison of the two datasets revealed an expression pattern consistent with the model that important reproductive proteins are pre-programmed for synthesis prior to mating. This work was published in Mack et al. (2006). Validation experiments using real-time PCR techniques suggest that microarray assays provide a conservativestimate of the true transcriptional activity in reproductive tissues. 2.lntegration of proteomics and genomics data sets. We compared the expression profiles from DNA microarray data with the proteins identified in our proteomic experiments. Although comparing the two data sets poses analyical challenges, it provides a more complete view of gene expression as well as insights into how specific genes may be regulated. This work was published in Mack et al. (2006). 3. Development of primary reproductive tract cell cultures. We developed primary cell cultures of dispersed reproductive tract cell types and determined conditions for organ culture of the entire reproductive tract. This work will allow us to rapidly screen mating-responsive genes for a variety of reproductive-tract specifi c functions. Scientific and agricultural significance. Together, these studies have defined the genetic response to mating in a part of the female reproductive tract that is critical for successful fertllization and have identified alarge set of mating-responsive genes. This work is the first to combine both genomic and proteomic approaches in determining female mating response in these tissues and has provided important insights into insect reproductive behavior.

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Mocan, H. Naci, and Erdal Tekin. Catholic Schools and Bad Behavior: A Propensity Score Matching Analysis. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, September 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w9172.

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Richardson, Robert. Ecomorphology and Mating Behavior of Two Species of Night-stalking Tiger Beetles, Omus audouini and O. dejeanii. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.1021.

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Yuval, Boaz, and Todd E. Shelly. Lek Behavior of Mediterranean Fruit Flies: An Experimental Analysis. United States Department of Agriculture, July 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7575272.bard.

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The Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae), is a ubiquitous pest of fruit trees, causing significant economic damage both in the U.S. and in Israel. Control efforts in the future will rely heavily on the sterile insect technique (SIT). Success of such operations hinges on the competitive ability of released males. The mating system of the medfly is based on leks. These are aggregations of sexually signaling males that attract females (who then select and copulate a courting male). A major component of male competitiveness is their ability to join existing leks or establish leks that are attractive to wild females. Accordingly, we identified leks and the behaviors associated with them as critical for the success of SIT operations. The objectives of this proposal were to determine 1. what makes a good lek site, 2. what are the energetic costs of lekking, 3. how females choose leks, and finally 4. whether the copulatory success of sterile males may be manipulated by particular pre-release diets and judicious spatial dispersal. We established that males choose lek sites according to their spatial location and penological status, that they avoid predators, and within the lek tree choose the perch that affords a compromise between optimal signalling, micro-climatic conditions and predation risk (Kaspi & Yuval 1999 a&b; Field et al 2000; Kaspi & Yuval submitted). We were able to show that leks are exclusive, and that only males with adequate protein and carbohydrate reserves can participate (Yuval et al 1998; Kaspi et al 2000; Shelly et al 2000). We determined that females prefer leks formed by protein fed, sexually experienced males (Shelly 2000). Finally, we demonstrated that adding protein to the diet of sterile males significantly enhances their probability of participating in leks and copulating wild females (Kaspi & Yuval 2000).

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Harari, Ally R., Russell A. Jurenka, Ada Rafaeli, and Victoria Soroker. Evolution of resistance to mating disruption in the pink bollworm moth evidence and possible mechanism. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7598165.bard.

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t The pink bollworm, Pectinophoragossypiellais a key pest of cotton world-wide. In Israel mating disruption sex pheromone is used in all cotton fields and recent repeated outbreaks of the pest populations has suggested a change in the population sex pheromone characteristics. The research goals were to (1) determine the change in pheromone characteristic of PBW females after long experience to Mating Disruption (MD), (2) to test the male’s antennae response (EAG) to pheromone characteristics of laboratory, naive females, and of field collected, MD experienced females, (3) to analyse the biosynthetic pathway for possible enzyme variations, (4) to determine the male behavioural response to the pheromone blend involved in the resistance to MD. The experiments revealed that (1) MD experienced females produced pheromone blend with higher ZZ ratio than lab reared (MD naive females) that typically produced ZZ:EE ratio of 1:1. (2) Male’s origin did not affect its response to pheromone characteristics of lab or field females. (3) A transcriptome study demonstrated many gene-encode enzymes in the biosynthetic pathway, but some of the transcripts were produced in differing levels in the MD resistant populations. (4) Male origin (field or lab) influenced males’ choice of mate with strong preference to females sharing the same origin. However, when MD was applied, males of both populations were more attracted to females originated form failed MD treated fields. We conclude that in MD failed fields a change in the population mean of the ratio of the pheromone components had occurred. Males in these fields had changed their search “image” accordingly while keeping the wide range of response to all pheromone characteristics. The change in the pheromone blend is due to different level of pheromone related enzyme production.

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Santoro, Fabrizio, Razan Amine, and Tanele Magongo. Mandating Digital Tax Tools as a Response to Covid: Evidence from Eswatini. Institute of Development Studies, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ictd.2022.006.

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Many tax authorities changed the mode of interacting with taxpayers from physical to online as a response to the Covid-19 pandemic, to diminish the spread of the virus. Eswatini, the country under study, mandated the use of online tax filing through the e-Tax system for all income tax payers, coupled with a zero-cash-handling policy for tax payment. By means of a difference-in-difference (DID) strategy, reinforced by a propensity score matching (PSM), this paper offers an impact evaluation of the mandate on taxpayer filing and payment behaviour. We present three sets of results. First, we describe which firms are most likely to register for e-Tax – mostly large firms and those in the primary and tertiary sectors. Second, we show that e-Tax uptake significantly improves filing behaviour, as well as payment behaviour. E-Tax registered taxpayers are less likely to file nil (by 60 per cent), declare more turnover and taxable income, and are 70 per cent more likely to pay conditional on filing. Third, we shed light on the mechanisms behind our main findings, showing that the technology improved accuracy and reduced compliance costs. E-Tax-registered treated taxpayers are more likely to file on time, file for VAT, report more accurately, and, on the payment side, to pay their liabilities in full.

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Denys. L51685 Effect of Weld Metal Matching on Girth Weld Performance Volume II-Experimental Investigation. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), January 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010111.

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This is the second volume of a three-volume study (see also L51651 and L51711). The integrity of girth weld defects in gas transmission pipelines is ensured by non-destructive inspection procedures. The acceptance level of pipe line girth weld defects revealed by non-destructive testing is commonly based on workmanship quality control. Unfortunately, workmanship defect acceptance levels are based on experience and are, by necessity, both arbitrary and often conservative. This report presents the results of an experimental study of the failure behavior of 11.6 mm (0.457 in.) pipe segments taken from 36-inch diameter pipes with defects in the girth weld. Small-scale and fatigue pre-cracked, curved, wide-plate test specimens were used. The objectives were to: (1) determine the effect of pipe and weld metal yield strength differences on girth weld performance; (2) verify the assumption that the CTOD test is a reliable indicator of girth weld performance; and (3) evaluate the usefulness of the Charpy V-Notch test for predicting girth weld failures.

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Mort, A. Controls on the distribution and composition of gas and condensate in the Montney resource play. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/329790.

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The Montney resource play has evolved from a peripheral conventional play to one of the most important hydrocarbon-producing unconventional resource plays in North America and has remained resilient throughout the economic challenges of recent years. Despite maturing as a resource play as a result of more than 15 years of unconventional development and research there are still aspects of the play that are not fully de-risked and prediction of fluid quality remains haphazard due to the complex interplay of geological and engineering factors. Among these are the delineation of structural and stratigraphic barriers and conduits, identification of enigmatic source rocks, which defy traditional methods, evaluating effects of fluid migration and the difficulty in predicting phase behavior in a tight, but open system. This study uses a combined approach leveraging geochemical tools combined with spatial and stratigraphic analysis in an attempt to improve current understanding of these issues.

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Tiku, Sanjay, Aaron Dinovitzer, Vlad Semiga, and Binoy John. PR-214-073510-Z01 FS Fatigue Testing Plain Dents+Dents Interacting with Welds and Metal Loss with Data. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), August 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011514.

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Dents in buried pipelines occur due to a number of potential causes; the pipe resting on rock, third party machinery strike, rock strikes during backfilling, amongst others. The long-term integrity of a dented pipeline segment is a complex function of a variety of parameters, including pipe geom-etry, indenter shape, dent depth, indenter support, pressure history at and following indentation. In order to estimate the safe remaining operational life of a dented pipeline, all of these factors must be accounted for in the analysis. In order to characterize the severity of a dent on the integrity of a pipeline system, there must first be sufficient information available describing the behavior of the deformed pipe when subjected to typical loading scenarios. While there have been a number of full scale test programs that have been used to develop general trends in the behavior of dented pipe subjected to cyclic pressure loads, these programs have not produced sufficiently detailed information in terms of material properties, dent and pipe response to pressure loading, to form the basis of a severity assessment criterion. The objective of the current project was to generate full scale dent fatigue test data necessary to develop, validate and/or evaluate dent models capable of predicting cyclic internal pressure related failures of a pipe segment. The data generated included: detailed material characterization of the pipes involved in full scale test program, dent profile measurement, dent strains during dent for-mation and cyclic loading and recording of the details of fatigue crack location and orientation within a dent. The test program developed detailed experimental data for: - Unrestrained plain dents, - Restrained plain dents, - Dents interacting with welds and - Dents interacting with metal loss.

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