Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Matières plastiques – Matériaux – Fatigue'
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Khawar, Farooq Muhammad. "Comportement mécanique des composites sandwichs en statique et fatigue cyclique." Le Mans, 2003. http://cyberdoc.univ-lemans.fr/theses/2003/2003LEMA1006.pdf.
Full textThe aim of the this study is to investigate the mechanical behaviour of sandwich composite materials under static and fatigue. Initially, static and fatigue testing of cores in compression, indentation, shear and three-point bending tests and skins in flexural tests are conducted to derive the mechanical behaviour and the characteristics for the constituants of the sandwich composites. Detailed investigations have been carried out to study the performance of sandwich specimens of different core thickness and densities at various span lengths in static flexural tests. Phenomena of pure bending and shear are characterised at different span lengths and compared to the results obtained by the sandwich beam theory. Damage initiation, progression, coalescence and failure are observed in sandwich specimens during fatigue testing and correlated with stiffness degradation. Mechanical behaviour of sandwich composites is highly affected by the core thickness and the density of the foams and depends on the type of loading, the frequency, as well as the applied loading levels and ratios. Fatigue life is characterised by Wohler curves using N10 criterion for different types of sandwich composites. Finally, analytical models are developed on the basis of a stiffness degradation approach to predict the fatigue life and damage development in sandwich composite materials. A good agreement is found between experimental and analytical results
Pires, Isabelle. "Vieillissement dans l'antigel de matériaux composites polyamide-6,6 renforcé par des fibres de verre courtes." Montpellier 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON20124.
Full textSeignobos, Elodie. "Compréhension des mécanismes physiques de fatigue dans le polyamide vierge et renforcé de fibres de verre." Lyon, INSA, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ISAL0090.
Full textGlass fiber reinforced polyamides are used in the automotive field thanks to their ligth weight in comparison to metals for the same rigidity. In order to study its durability, this material was tested in fatigue at different temperatures and stress vs fatigue lifetime curves (also called Wöhler curves) were drawn. We proposed a damage criterion based on the strain and therefore we normalized the Wöhler curves by the initial elastic modulus at the functionning temperature of the material. The master curve obtained enabled to predict the fatigue lifetime for a wide range of stresses and temperatures. Our study show that fatigue damage evolves in 3 phases. During the first step the material’s temperature increases and the damage is negligible. The second step is characterized by a stable temperature and a linear evolution of the apparent stiffness (called dynamic modulus in fatigue) and of the strain with the logarithm of the number of cycles. The sharp drop of stiffness during the third step is followed by the breaking of the composite. We show that lifetime is controlled by the duration of the second phase where t the material’s modulus decreases linearly with the logarithm of the time. Characterizations by X ray scattering, neutron scattering and electronic microscopy enabled us to study the fatigue damage from the nanometric scale to the micronic scale of the semi-crystalline structure of the reinforced polyamide and of the neat polyamide as a reference. The damage during the second step can be explained. We show that the drop of properties is due to low density domains nucleation in polymeric matrix at the nanometric scale, and to the increase of the number and of the size of these domains until the micronic scale. The size distribution, density and form factor of the domains have been quantified. We proposed a physical model for the nucleation of the domains based on the concept of heterogeneities of local strains. The activation energy has been estimated. This model is able to account for the logarithmic evolution of the macroscopic properties of reinforced and neat polyamide in fatigue. The results of this thesis opens the way to a better lifetime prediction in fatigue in one hand, and to an increase of the lifetime thanks to innovative formulations of polymer matrix in another hand
Chateauminois, Antoine. "Comportement viscoélastique et tenue en fatigue statique de composites verre-époxy : influence du vieillissement hygrothermique." Lyon 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LYO10242.
Full textLeguebe, Elora. "Optimisation de la stabilité de charge au cours d'un transport à partir de l'étude du comportement viscoélastique des matériaux polymères destinés au banderolage." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Reims, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023REIMS044.
Full textNowadays, protecting products during transportation has become essential as import-export increased drastically. Therefore, the wrapping used to stabilize and protect pallets of goods is fundamental. The most commonly used material for wrapping films is linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE). However, ecology has become a major issue for the world. The eco-design of the film is desired for a lower mass of plastic on the pallet, while preserving the stability of the load. Therefore this thesis work concerns the optimization of load stability according to the properties of the wrapping materials and the mechanical stresses of transport in order to reduce the weight of plastic used. Manual and mechanical films were analyzed. The anisotropy of materials was studied. The characterization of the material was performed through mechanical tests (traction, relaxation, hysteresis and fatigue creep) and morphological tests with DSC, IR and XRD analysis. The characterization of the wrapping and the importance of its parameters were also investigated. The effect of wrapping speed, LLDPE fatigue and acceleration experienced during transport were found to affect significantly the film properties. Films morphology was found to be affected by the wrapping process, showing changes in crystallinity. The study showed the importance of wrapping parameters and transport constraints on the morphology of the stretch film on the pallet and therefore on the stability of the load
Gauthier, Catherine. "Composites unidirectionnels PET-Verre : relations morphologie, mise en œuvre, propriétés mécaniques." Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO10046.
Full textKlimkeit, Bert. "Etude expérimentale et modélisation du comportement en fatigue multiaxiale d'un polymère renforcé pour application automobile." Phd thesis, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aéronautique, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00464186.
Full textBourgogne, Quentin. "Contribution à l’étude du comportement mécanique d’un PPS/GF40 sous différents chargements avec prise en compte des effets de l’environnement de sollicitation : étude expérimentale et modélisation multi-échelle pour application au développement de pièces automobiles." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0181.
Full textThis thesis presents an experimental and theoretical study conducted on a PPS/GF40 and its matrix. Widely used for under-the-hood applications in the automotive industry, those materials are subjected to high temperatures and aging effects of cooling liquid. Therefore, the understanding of those phenomena is essential to design mechanical parts. Thus, an experimental campaign in the tensile mode has been carried out with different temperatures and glycol proportions in the cooling liquid, for monotonic and cyclic loadings on neat and reinforced PPS. The results of these tests allowed us to highlight some of the main physical phenomena occurring during these solicitations under tough hydro-thermal conditions. Taking into account this analysis, a visco-elasto-pseudo-viscoplastic model is proposed. Moreover, this model allows the consideration of the cooling liquid effects and its constituents by temperature/humidity equivalence. The accuracy of the model was confronted to an artificial intelligence based one, in order to study the maximal accuracy physically reachable. Finally, the evolution of the model parameters has been studied with the adjunction of short glass fibres and for specifics orientation distribution. Starting from the study of the mechanical behavior of the PPS matrix, an analytical homogenization was then performed. Differences between experimental and predicted plastic behaviors were highlighted. Finite element analyses considering inter-phase damage were done at different temperatures and for several fiber orientations so to explain differences arising between analytical approach and experimental results. This work allowed a study of the evolution of the impact of this damage on mechanical properties as a function of temperature and fiber orientation. This work led to highlight a weakening of the fiber/matrix interface for a liquid aged composite and to quantify the decrease of the interface properties. Finally, fatigue behavior of the composite is studied as a function of fiber orientation. The modeling parameters determined from the study of the monotonic behavior of the composite were taken into account to propose a prediction of the Wöhler curves as a function of temperature. The prediction of the Wöhler curves as a function of temperature being possible, a 1D model was then proposed in order to evaluate the increase of temperature due to self-heating phenomenon during fatigue loading, considering ageing consequences
Goutal, Caroline. "Dimensionnement en fatigue en présence de singularités macroscopiques dans un thermoplastique renforcé fibres de verre courtes (PA66GF50) sous chargements uni- et multi-axiaux." Thesis, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020ESMA0008.
Full textIn the current environmental context, the automotive industry looks for reducing CO2 emissions while keeping vehicles power. To this aim, a solution is to lighten the vehicles. In this context, this Ph.D. thesis, supported by Solvay Engineering Plastics in collaboration with Vibracoustic, deals with fatigue resistance of injected parts in Polyamide 6.6reinforced by 50% wt. of short glass fibers, and attempts to take into account the effects of multiaxial loadings and geometrical singularities into a fatigue design methodology. The study is conducted for a given conditioning(RH50%,T80°C) representative of the atmospheric conditions experienced by motor mounts. A fully integrated numerical approach from injection simulation to lifetime prediction by a fatigue criterion, named Through Process Modelling (TPM), is used. One TPM specificity lies in the calculation of the local mechanical response at each point of the part from a multi-scale approach considering the matrix viscoelasticity and the fibers orientation due to the injection process. The fatigue criterion selected is a dissipated energy one. It is based on a “Fatigue Indicator Parameter” (FIP) assimilated to the stress-strain loop area in the stationary regime and obtained by post-treatment of mechanical fields at each point of the part.First, the matrix constitutive law is identified by reverse engineering. Then, the question of the discretization to be adopted in the thickness of an injected part is addressed on smooth samples, and the identification strategy of the fatigue criterion is defined. Subsequently, TPM is applied to a large fatigue database, specifically built for the study, and involving samples and loadings with increasing complexity. Uniaxial tension loadings are studied, firstly on smooth samples (with different fibers orientations), then on pipes, and finally on notched samples. Shear loadings on butterfly samples and torsion loadings on pipes are studied. At last, pipes under combined tension-torsion are considered. For each loading and each singularity level, attention is paid to the definition of a volume around the singularity onwhich the FIP should be spatially averaged. The definition relies on the mechanical gradients analysis. The TPM provides thus lifetimes predictions close to experimental ones in most of the studied configurations
Fouchier, Nathan. "Approche intégrée pour estimer la durée de vie en fatigue de pièces thermoplastiques renforcés fibres courtes dans un cadre viscoélastique haute température." Thesis, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ESMA0017/document.
Full textThe employment of short glass fibres reinforced thermoplastics is increasing in the automotive industry for hot environment applications. The design of components in such conditions and with this type of materials under fatigue loading must be optimized using a fatigue life assessment methodology. The heterogeneous fibres orientation distribution (FOD), due to the injection process should be considered.This work, funded by the Direction Générale de l’Armement et Région Poitou-Charentes, suggests an integrated approach from the injection process simulation to the assessment of the fatigue life at 110°C of injected components in a viscoelastic framework.The methodology here advanced is called “Through Process Modelling” (TPM). From the FOD in the component given by the injection simulation, the anisotropic effective local properties are estimated using viscoelastic homogenisation. The heterogeneous mechanical fields obtained by finite element simulations, for different types/levels of loading, are post-processed in order to get the input equivalent mechanical quantity of an energetic fatigue criterion giving the fatigue life of the component in each of these loading conditions.The identification of the fatigue criterion parameters and the validation of the whole methodology rely on an experimental fatigue database for a PA66GF30. Uniaxial tensile fatigue tests are carried out at 110°C in a climatic chamber, for 2 stress ratios (R = 0,1 and R = -1) and at 2Hz. They are performed for specimens cut out from injected plates with different orientations with respect to the flow direction.The methodology leads to very good predictions. The influence of the prediction of the FOD, input of the calculation chain, on the results is discussed
Serrano, Abello Leonell. "Caractérisation thermomécanique du comportement en fatigue des thermoplastiques renforcés de fibres de verre courtes." Thesis, Brest, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BRES0052/document.
Full textVehicle weight reduction is a major issue in the automotive industry, because this contributes to reducing global warming emissions, resulting in a reduction of negative environmental impacts at the worldwide scale. To replace heavy metallic materials conventionally used, short fiber reinforced thermoplastics (SFRT) provide today a major opportunity to obtain lightweight automotive parts at a reasonable cost for several applications. The cost and the thermomechanical properties motivate the choice of polyamide matrix reinforced with glass fibers manufactured by injection molding. However, predictive modeling behavior tools and robust fatigue criteria must be identified. Both are needed for the design of structural pieces in the automotive industry. The fatigue design of SFRT components for structural applications in the automotive industry requires an accurate knowledge of several factors because the material features are complex, these features are related to the strong nonlinear behavior of the matrix under the service conditions (temperature and humidity), the composite nature of the material, the influence of the injection molding (fiber orientation) and the dissipative characteristics of the thermoplastic matrix (significant temperature rise during the cyclic loadings). A major issue is to understand the relations between the microstructure, the thermo-hydro-mechanical loading and the fatigue properties (fatigue initiation sites, evolution scenarios, and failure criterion). The first objective of this thesis is to suggest methods that allow for the characterization of the influence of each parameter on the fatigue behavior. Furthermore, the complexity of the industrial pieces in terms of geometry and fiber orientation challenges the relevancy of the classical samples. The second objective of this thesis is consequently to design more complex samples that intend to be representative in terms of fiber orientation and geometric details found in the industrial pieces (called structural samples) and to validate the methods and the fatigue criteria suggested for these complex cases. To achieve these objectives, a method based on thermal measurements giving access to the dissipation fields for the heterogeneous cases considered is proposed, this method also offers a very high reduction of the characterization duration of the fatigue properties through energetic criteria
Călin, Laur Florentin. "Séparation électrostatique des matériaux plastiques provenant d'équipements informatiques en utilisant la triboélectrisation en lit fluidisé." Poitiers, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008POIT2279.
Full textThis work aimed at elaborating a process using triboelectrisation for charging plastic granules and electric field forces to separate them. After an introduction to the state of the, the author describes the two fluidised bed tribocharging devices and the two electrostatic separators that he built. The factors that influence the tribocharging of certain granular plastics (PVC, PET, ABS, PS) i. E. Duration of charging process, particle size, nature of the surfaces in contact, were evaluated using the design of experiments method. The influence of ambient temperature and humidity on charging binary mixtures of plastics was investigated using the same methodology. A numerical model of charged particle trajectories has been validated by experiments performed on granular mixtures of ABS, ABS-PC and HIPS. The experimental results confirm that tribocharging in a fluidised bed followed by electrostatic separation is an effective process for informatics equipment waste treatment
Irissin-Mangata, Josiane. "Recherche de nouveaux matériaux d'emballage à hautes performances à base de gluten de blé et de polymères synthétiques." La Réunion, 1998. http://elgebar.univ-reunion.fr/login?url=http://thesesenligne.univ.run/98_08_Irissin.pdf.
Full textChoukri, Saad. "Mise en œuvre de méthodes d'essais mécaniques pour la caractérisation de composites à renforts courts : application à un compound (Kinel) et aux panneaux de particules." Bordeaux 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987BOR10617.
Full textPapin, Philippe. "Etude et choix de matériaux polymères ou composites pour la réalisation d'une forme creuse - projet canoe͏̈ biplace pour la randonnée." Poitiers, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997POIT2299.
Full textMassé, Hugues. "Couplages thermomécaniques lors de la solidification de matériaux polymères." Bordeaux 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR12318.
Full textLallam, Abdelaziz. "Corrélations entre les propriétés thermomécaniques de films diélectriques plastiques et les caractéristiques de composants passifs." Lyon 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985LYO19054.
Full textDelattre, Alexis. "Caractérisation et modélisation du comportement hyper-viscoelastique d'un élastomère chargé pour la simulation de pièces lamifiées élastomère-métal et étude en fatigue." Thesis, Tours, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOUR4039/document.
Full textIn association with Airbus Helicopters, the aim of the project is to develop a model to pre-size elastomer-metal laminated devices whose role is critical in terms of design and safety for helicopters rotor architectures. To do so, the first part of this thesis consisted in characterizing the elasto-dissipatice behavior of the studied material (a carbon black filled butadiene rubber) thanks to static and dynamic tests, with several kind of loading (uni-axial and bi-axial) and over a wide range of frequences, amplitudes and temperatures. From these observations, a phenomenological hyper-viscoelastic model is proposed. Based on a generalized Maxwell model, it is able to describe the phenomena over the loading range of concern. A particular focus is made to take in account the Payne effect thanks to an original approach. The model parameters are identified with a fast and robust method. The model is then implemented in a commercial finite element code and in a tool based on a model reduction method. Last, a study of the behaviour in fatigue is performed with an original characterization campaign from which a continuous damage law is proposed
Moine, Charlotte. "Extraction, caractérisation structurale et valorisation d'une famille d'hemicelluloses du bois : Obtention de matériaux plastiques par modification des xylanes." Limoges, 2005. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/17f2df94-5721-4aa2-8107-7d6eca3d4f48/blobholder:0/2005LIMO0013.pdf.
Full textIn a general context of valorization of wood industry by-products this study deals with a structural analysis of xylans isolated from chestnut sawdusts and their derivatization in order to obtain plastic films. These polysaccharides were extracted, purified and their characterization was achieved by NMR and mass spectrometry. In a second approach, we studied acylation of xylans by fatty acids. The building of an experimental design allowed to define the most influencial parameters. A model of reaction established in a confined experimental domain was used to optimize the reaction. Molecular modeling has been performed on native and derivatized xylans, leading to a description of three-dimensional features of these polymers and a prediction of their physical properties
Masrar, Mohammed. "Analyse non linéaire par éléments finis des matériaux hyperélastiques incompressible." Lyon, INSA, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ISAL0074.
Full text[The design of mechanical systems becomes largely automatised with the use of computers ; On the other hand, the constant performance increase of machines requires a better definition of their elastic supports especially for laminated elastomeric bearings used in aeronautic. The design of laminated elastomeric bearing is based on the calculation of the material behaviour as the manufacturing process difficulties do not permit systematic experimental programs. The purpose of this work was to develop original techniques based on the finite element method in order to calculate the static behaviour of laminates elastomeric bearings streched under large deformations. Elements of the rubber-like elasticity. Example with analytical solutions, have been considered for the qualification of the software and the justification of the non-linear analysis has been shown. A 5 layers laminated elastomeric bearing has been studied in details in order to isolate the influence of the parameters. The constitutive law of rubber and the mechanical characteristics of deformable support are preponderant parameters. ]
Ayral, Suzanne. "L'intégration du design dans les stratégies de développement des industries de matériaux polymères." Montpellier 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994MON10038.
Full textPolymers don't know the same development in all industrial sectors. Some are highly buyers while others, like building trade, put up particular resistances to synthetics materials use. Yet the outlets in this sector seem large when traditional markets reach saturation point. The polymers development problem in construction takes on very specific character. Facing industrial design can play an determining role. Conditionally to be able to manage it and integrate into development strategies suited at once to polymers problematic and decisional practical in use in building sector
Divers, Thomas. "Modification chimique de l'amidon par l'acide formique à l'usage d'additif pour polymère biodégradable." Lorient, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LORIS053.
Full textThis thesis was dedicated to the elaboration of a starch-based biodegradable plastic material. Starch is quite attractive for such an application, however its intrinsic properties are a drawback for the development of these materials. Among the available methods to overcome this problem, we chose to investigate the chemical modification of starch using formic acid. We firstly studied O-Formylation of starch. We assessed the influence of various reaction parameters on the physico-chemical and structural properties of starch. We then studied
Pouillès, Véronique. "Caractérisation diélectrique de matériaux composites isolants : contribution à la modélisation de leur vieillissement." Toulouse 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU30109.
Full textJeol, Stéphane. "Stratégies de modifications physico-chimiques des polyesters semi-cristallins : application à la fabrication de bouteilles en poly (éthylène téréphtalate)." Lyon, INSA, 2006. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2006ISAL0072/these.pdf.
Full textDeme, Florian. "Réalisation de mélanges farine plastifiée / polyester thermoplastique par extrusion bi-vis pour des applications films." Paris, ENMP, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ENMP0053.
Full textThis PhD thesis is part of the CEREMAT project, who aims to develop new, bio-based cereal materials. The consortium built around this project together four academic partners CEMEF, LPMM, LMI, and three industrial partners ENSCCF ULlCE, BARBER, Biobasic ENVIRONMENT. The scope of the project focuses on flexible films, films that can be used in agriculture (mulch films), tee-shirt bags or in the packaging sector. The work performed in this thesis involved the study of methods of compounding, for different varieties of maize flour, with different levels of plasticizers. The work showed significant differences depending on the flour or starch variety, based on the amylose (linear molecule) and amylopectin (hyperbranched molecule) content. In fact he amylose /amylopectin ration is completely changing the thermal, rheological properties of plasticized flour and consequently their processing skills. The morphologies of blends produced are also highly dependent on varieties, rates of plasticizers and specific mechanical energy applied during mixing. We have seen that by changing these parameters it was possible to adjust the blend's morphologies depending on the application aimed. These blends were made at pilot scale and on an industrial scale (200 kg per hour). Blend with finest morphologies have been used to make films about 10μm thickness on industrial production lines
Boudissa, Mustapha. "Comportement de gabions légers en matériau hétérogène dans les ouvrages de génie civil." Lyon 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO10046.
Full textMercier, Daniel. "Simulation par la méthode des éléments finis du thermoformage de plaques épaisses." Paris, ENMP, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ENMP1429.
Full textRouilly, Antoine. "Nouveaux agro-matériaux composites à matrice protéique ou polysaccharidique : étude du fractionnement, de la transformation et de la mise en forme par extrusion et par injection-moulage de la pulpe de betterave et du tourteau de tournesol." Toulouse, INPT, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002INPT032G.
Full textTruchassou, Anne-Sophie. "Etude de la résistance aux chocs de tubes PVC à parois structurées : influence du procédé de fabrication sur les propriétés finales." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2007. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2007/LICHTLE_Anne-Sophie_2007.pdf.
Full textCurrently, the multi-layer PVC pipes, used for sewage systems does not guarantee an enough impact resistance. A study was thus undertaken to improve the toughness of pipes. The analyse of the manufacturing process, the extrusion, shows that this process is complex. The awaited properties of the pipes depend on parameters related to the manufacturing process like to the product. It exists a real difficulty to find the crucial parameters on which to act to improve the toughness. To identify them, instrumented impact tests were realized. These tests show that thoughness is not homogeneous aroud the pipe. There are zones of weakest strength to the level of the welding surfaces, created during the manufacturing. To reduce the impact of these surfaces on the pipe toughness, a 3D numerical model of the melt flow was set up. A modification of the dies was proposed
Charlon, Sébastien. "Elaboration et caractérisation de nouveaux systèmes nanocomposites à propriétés de transport contrôlées. Impact d'un nouveau procédé de mise en oeuvre." Rouen, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ROUES011.
Full textDuring the last decades, a waste-reduction program, specifically for plastic packaging, was promoted due to environmental drawbacks with the development of biodegradable polymers. However, barrier properties of these biodegradable materials must be often improved to be competitive with common polyolefins (PE, PP, PET, etc. ). In this objective, the incorporation of nanofillers using industrializable processes seems to be a promising approach. Indeed, the introduction of inorganic nanofillers like clays (montmorillonite) into a polymer matrix often increased barrier properties of the polymer matrix. In this study, composites were prepared from biodegradable matrices such as Poly(Putylene Succinate) (PBS) and Poly(Butylène Succinate-co-butylène Adipate) (PBSA) loaded with Cloisite Na+ or Cloisite 30B. An extrusion process was applied with the use of liquid water injection under high pressure and high temperature into thermo-moulding or extrusion-calandaring processes. Kinetic permeation revealed changes in barrier properties as function of the elaboration process or the polymer matrix used. These results were explained from structural charectirizations (DSC, XRD) and microscopy observations (TEM) in order to correlate barrier peoperties to the dispersion and exfoliationlevels of fillers into the polymer matrices, to the degrees of cristallinity and to the rigid amorphous fractions (RAF) of the bio-polymers
Nottez, Mélanie. "Développement de films d’emballage alimentaire à haute teneur en matières thermoplastiques à base d’amidon." Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10197.
Full textThe aim of this work is the development of food packaging films with a high concentration of biobased raw materials, and the optimization of the usual properties. The addition of G1, basic grade of the starch grafted polyolefin, significantly deteriorates the optical properties together with the tear strength of the obtained films. The interfacial adhesion LDPE / G1 is insufficient for a use in the field of food packaging, because of an incompatibility between LDPE and the PP part of the starch grafted polyolefin. Some improvements of this adhesion are observed, in particular by increasing the extrusion temperature of G1, the temperature of the die, or by the modification of the bio-based resin. The interfacial adhesion PEgMA / G1 is also relatively low, for the same reasons as mentioned above. The replacement of PEgMA by PPgMA provides excellent adhesion at the interface without deteriorating the adhesion between the binder and EVOH. Finally, the study of the fracture behavior of the films made from three grades of the starch grafted polyolefin is produced by the method of essential work of fracture. An increase of 85 % of the toughness is observed, between the base grade and the highest modified grade. This difference can be attributed to the increase in molecular weight induced by the modification of bio-based resin. In addition, the digital image correlation provides access to local deformations of the double notched specimens. It also serves to show the symmetry of all the specimens. By following the ligament size over time, it is shown that the crack starts growing at 95% of the maximum force, showing a complete plasticization ligament before the crack growth
Meynaud, Patrick. "Prévision de la durée de vie en fatigue de roulement d'un acier a partir de ses caractéristiques élastoplastiques et de celles de ses inclusions." Lyon, INSA, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ISAL0115.
Full textUnder elasto-hydro-dynamic lubrication (EHD) conditions and when the roughness of the contact surfaces is very low the principal damage process in rolling fatigue is subsurface initiated deep spalling. The strain rnisfit between residual non metallic inclusions and the martensitic matrix, due to their differences in elastoplastic properties, is responsible for a local stress concentration which can be partially relaxed by dislocation emission. Under cyclic loading the emitted dislocations induce a transformation of the martensite within a finite volume surrounding the inclusion, often called "butterfly" due to its shape. The increase in the dislocation density leads to crack initiation within the butterfly. The propagation of this subsurface crack towards the surface results in the bearing failure by spalling. A model of this complex mechanism based upon micromechanics and physical metallurgy concepts is presented. The damage process is surveyed by means of ultrasonic echography and metallographie observations. The inclusions of AISI 52100 steel are localized by means of ultrasonic echography, then their species and elastic properties are characterized. Our crack initiation and propagation modeling, taking into account the inclusion distributions, allows us to simulate standard fatigue tests used for characterizing the fatigue properties of bearing steels. The comparison between experimental and simulation results is satisfactory. The distribution of the life times is mainly caused by the distribution of the inclusion positions in the Hertzian stress field. The roles of the size and the species of the inclusions are understood owing to the simulations
Delfolie, Corinne. "Phénomènes d'interface et réponse mécanique dans des composites polyester - verre." Lille 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LIL10221.
Full textLes influences respectives du degré de solubilité et de la nature de l'additif sur la microstructure de l'interphase sont découplées. Dans les systèmes insolubles, l'ensimage formant un réseau réticule à la surface du verre, son influence sur la thermodynamique locale est réduite. La liaison à l'interface est assurée par la formation d'un réseau interpénètre réticule, ce qui confère un caractère fragile à l'interface dans ces composites. Dans le cas soluble, la nature de l'additif low profile est déterminante dans la constitution de l'interphase. Pour le système à base pvac, la solubilisation partielle de l'ensimage modifie localement le diagramme de phase ternaire up-st-lpa, et conduit à la ségrégation du thermoplastique à l'interface. L'interphase a alors un caractère plutôt ductile. Pour le système à base pmma(ho), le développement de liaisons hydrogène au sein de l'additif limite la solubilisation de l'ensimage, et donc son influence sur la gélification de la résine. Les ponts hydrogène jouant le rôle de nœuds de réticulation, le schéma de constitution de l'interface est similaire à celui du système insoluble
Coulibaly, Mamadou. "Modélisation micromécanique et caractérisation expérimentale du comportement des matériaux hétérogènes élastoviscoplastiques : application à la valorisation des polymères recyclés." Thesis, Metz, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008METZ033S/document.
Full textThis work relates to the modelling of mechanical behavior of elastoviscoplastic heterogeneous composites with the aim of an application to recycled polymers. Therefore, our study investigates the effect of the presence of impurities or strengthening agents on the mechanical behaviour of widely distributed thermoplastic polymers. In this way, a model based on a micromechanical approach is carried out on such materials. However, the complexity of elastoviscoplastic behaviour, that involves the hereditary type of material and induces a space/time coupling, is due to the presence of delayed mechanical interactions that scale transition should try to take into account. Considering the complexity of numerical implementation in hereditary approaches, internal variables approaches are privileged for their numerical simplicity. Within this framework, this development is intended to provide a general approach to the problem of scale transition. It relies on a new integral formulation of Eshelby inclusion problem. Then homogenization stage is carried out according to two methods : Mori-Tanaka estimate and self-consistent scheme. The results are presented and compared with those of other models and experimental results. The application to the case of linear viscoelasticity, the model used in this study led to the exact solution referring to Rougier hereditary model (Laplace-Carson Transform). In the non linear viscoelastic area, and with the aim of an application for recycling, a series of trials was conducted on polypropylene charged with talc
El, Gersifi Khalid. "Recyclage de tubes en matériaux composites fibres de verre utilisés dans les centrales de production d'électricité." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ECAP0853.
Full textAyadi, Farouk. "Etude des facteurs contrôlant le comportement mécanique des matériaux à base de farine de maïs." Thesis, Reims, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011REIMS033.
Full textThis present stydy investigates the composition-property of corn flour based materials. Lipids and cellulosic residue act like defects in these materials, starch controls the mechanical properties of corn flour based material and their variations with temperature and humidity. The interactions between starch, water and plasticizers have been highlighted in a phase diagram, in which we distinguished two transitions. The different phenomenons discussed in the literature (antiplasticization – plasticization – phase separation) were correlated with the phase diagram. The characterization of interactions between starch and plasticizers, by water sorption, was interpreted in terms of interaction stoichiometry. This method was applied for three plasticizers: glycerol, ethylene glycol and 1,3-propandiol; Amphiphilic polycondensates, obtained from itaconic acid, were used to improve the compatibilization of poly(butylene succinate) and glycerol-plasticized thermoplastic starch blends. Comptabilized blends presented a co-continuous phase
Landreau, Emmanuel. "Matériaux issus de ressources renouvelables. Mélanges amidon plastifié/PA11 compatibilisés." Reims, 2008. http://theses.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000801.pdf.
Full textTo develop renewable resources based material, plasticized starch were blend with polyamide 11, a bio-based polymer from castor oil, to improve its mechanical properties and water resistance. Through the high polarity of the amide group, the blends need a compatibilizer to be efficient. The different molecules tested are polysaccharides with anionic groups known to interact with polyamide: sodium alginate, carraghenan and sodium carboxymethylcellulose. Tests runs in blender show that only sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) can improve blend tensile properties. Optimization of the plasticizer, the compatibilizer level and the blend process lead to a mainly starch based material (70%) with a high tensile strength (15 MPa) and elongation at break (130%) with only 1% of CMC. These materials were blends in a twin screw extruder to be studied. SEM, solvent extraction, rheology and electrical resistance mesurment show a continuous PA phase up to 80% of starch. The polysaccharide has a mainly nodular morphology with a partial percolation around 30% starch. Isolated nodules co-exist with a co-continous structure up very high starch content. CMC reduce interfacial tension and nodule size preventing their coalescence. Compostability test on blends, show that starch mineralization is complete whatever its concentration is, but PA remain resistant to biodegradation
Chedly, Slaheddine. "Compromis choc acoustique des matériaux poreux : relations procédé – produit - performances." Reims, 2008. http://theses.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000856.pdf.
Full textIn car industry, security is an important subject in recent years and car manufacturers involve in the development of new technologies so that their products are more reliable for passengers. In the current context concerning both pedestrian shock and vehicles noise, materials selection offering good compromise between these aspects is an important concern of vehicle manufacturers. One possibility is the use of poroelastic materials stuck under engine cowling, which offer good energy dissipation upon impact, and good attenuation of acoustic waves emitted by the engine. For this, knowledge of Process - Product - Performances relationships is necessary. Modeling tools (Responses Surface Method, Kriging,…) are used to build empirical models expressing shock and acoustic performances of porous materials in order to quantify the relationship Process - Performances and Product - Performances. In this brief, the choice of inputs, outputs and experimental design type is crucial in the prospect of building meta-models. Genetic algorithms were effective tool when searching porous materials shock - acoustic compromise according to process conditions and intrinsic characteristics. The purpose of this work is searching ideal material offering good performances in shock absorption and acoustic isolation in the design area of design
Marrot, Laetitia. "Contribution au développement de matériaux composites à matrices thermodurcissables biosourcées et renforcées par des fibres végétales." Lorient, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORIS333.
Full textNowadays, depletion of fossil resources and climate change create a growing awareness of the limits of the environment. To be more respectful towards the environment, it is possible to replace glass fibers by vegetable fibers in the reinforcement of composite materials. Thermoset composite materials are well adapted for applications which require high performances. The purpose of this work is to help the development of thermoset composites reinforced with vegetable fibers. First, we highlighted hemp fibers characteristics and their main microstructural specificities, which make them different from flax. Consequences on hemp fibers of activities related to the harvesting steps like decorticating and retting have been investigated. Then, we found interesting results for the use of biobased epoxy and polyester resins in terms of mechanical performances and adhesion with flax fibers. It has been showed that the hardener nature of the epoxy matrix has an influence on the adhesion with a flax fiber. In the last section, we considered industrial composites reinforced with flax fibers with petrochemical and biobased epoxy matrices. We checked the specifications for the mechanical properties in automotive, railway transport and luxury furniture applications. In spite of several defects, especially porosities, the composites showed satisfying tensile and bending properties. Impact properties remained insufficient though
Aït, Amer Abdelaziz. "Broyage et séparation des matériaux polymériques sans fragilisation cryogénique : approche fractographique du réacteur de division et transposition des techniques métallurgiques de séparation." Montpellier 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON20130.
Full textHentati, Nesrine. "Matériaux composites à matrice organique pour garnitures de frein : analyse des liens entre le procédé d’élaboration, la microstructure, les propriétés et le comportement tribologique : analyse des liens entre le procédé d’élaboration, la microstructure, les propriétés et le comportement tribologique." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ECLI0012/document.
Full textOrganic composite friction materials for brake lining result from a complex elaboration made up of successive stages (mixture of constituents, cold preforming, hot molding, post-curing) that makes difficult the mastery of the link between process, properties and behaviour of friction material, especially because of synergies between constituents on one hand, and between composition and manufacturing process on the other hand. Two manufacturing stages were involved in this study, the hot molding and the post-curing, with the aim of a better understanding of the influence of certain parameters of the manufacturing process: the temperature and the duration of hot molding, and the duration of post curing. The analysis has focused on the understanding the relationship between microstructure, properties, tribological behaviour and friction and wear mechanisms of materials.The experimental approach was based on the development of simplified formulations of friction material, and on an elementary wear test specifically designed for braking loadings
Comuce, Maguy. "Caractérisation expérimentale et détermination des paramètres cinétiques de la décomposition thermique du polyméthracrylate de méthyle." Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ESMA0020.
Full textThe achieved work is part of the project "Compfeu" of the National Research Agency, which aims to provide models for simulating of the thermal decomposition of the main materials of the housing environment in case of fire. The present study aims to develop a pyrolysis model of the polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA). Our working approach is innovative in the international community, because it relies on a multi-scale approach, taking into account the evolution of the thermal, physical and chemical properties during the decomposition of the material. Our work was to know the physicochemical properties of our material. The study of the thermal decomposition of the PMMA under inert and oxidizing atmospheres was performed on the scale of the particle by means of differential scanning calorimetry, through thermogravimetric analysis coupled with various analytical devices for different heating rates. The thermal decomposition of PMMA was completed by a study on the scale of the material using the cone calorimeter, coupled with an analytical chain. The study, on the scale of the particle, has allowed us to propose a mechanism of thermal decomposition of PMMA in an inert atmosphere and under oxidizing atmosphere. The rate of each reaction mechanism is described by the Arrhenius law. The determination of these kinetics parameters and stoichiometric coefficient was performed by the optimization method of genetic algorithms
Suc, Prat Sandrine. "Optimisation de matériaux organiques synthétiques destinés à l'élaboration d'isolateurs de ligne et d'isolateurs d'appareillage dans le cadre d'applications électriques haute tension." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998CLF22019.
Full textFoulc, Marie-Pierre. "Etude du vieillissement hygrothermique de composites polyéthylène téréphtalate renforcés par des fibres de verre courtes." Montpellier 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON20179.
Full textBarbier, Sophie. "Étude des techniques de spectrométrie de plasma pour l'analyse de matériaux à spectres optiques complexes : application aux terres rares et aux matériaux plastiques." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10279/document.
Full textThe LIBS (Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy) technique is an elemental analysis technique based on the use of the optical emission spectrum from a sample of laser ablation. Today, LIBS has not emerged as a technique of choice for the majority of applications, as is the case for inductive coupled plasma techniques. One of the main reasons for this is the difficulty in providing accurate quantitative measurements. So there is now a need to better understand and characterize plasmas and phenomena from laser-Matter interaction on all types of materials to improve the performance of this analytical technique. This laser/material interaction is specific to the type of material analyzed, so it is essential to study these effects on a wide range of materials. Two types of samples have been used to study LIBS plasmas: materials containing rare earths and plastics. Work on rare earths were used to select the analytical lines free of spectral interference from other elements of this family and sensitive enough to carry out a quantitative analysis. This study highlighted the fact that the matrix effects due to the amount of rare earth and nature of the sample are important. These matrix effects are unique to each element and matrix, so they are to be considered in all LIBS analysis of a sample containing several rare earths. If the accumulation of a large number of rare earths (i.e 12) has a significant effect on the signal of the analytes, the effect of a limited number (i.e. 2 to 4) could be compensated by use on an internal standard. In the context of the LIBS analysis of plastic materials, a detailed study of the signal using different plasma conditions was performed. The quantitative analysis was focused on several elements, including bromine and chlorine which are difficult to excite. Through the use of a controlled atmosphere of helium, the detection of halogens used as flame retardants in plastics was significantly improved. An important matrix effect was observed at 266 nm in comparison with the results obtained at 532 nm. However, these differences at 266 nm allowed the discrimination of four families of polymers studied. In the presence of helium, significant differences were obtained for the C2 / He and CN / He ratios. This criteria was found to be relevant for the discrimination between the different types of plastics studied
Haddou, Hakim. "Influence de la taille de grain et de l'énergie de défaut d'empilement sur l'état de contraintes internes développé au cours de la déformation plastique en traction simple et en fatigue oligocyclique (Alliages C. F. C. )." Compiègne, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003COMP1444.
Full textMarcos, Daniel. "Développement de MOULes INNOVants à haute conductivité thermique pour l’injection de matières plastiques fabriquées par Selective Laser Melting (SLM/LBM)." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEM080.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to propose materials adapted to the needs of a mold cavity for plastic injection, manufactured layer by layer by "Selective Laser Melting" (SLM). The production of high productivity tools requires the design of multi-cavity molds, with high heat dissipation and wear resistance to resist the injection of aggressive polymers with highglass transition and glass fiber reinforced. These molds must be able to with stand high rates and binding thermal cycles. The solution exposed in this thesis is to work on the fabrication by SLM of materials with high thermal conductivity and high hardness. At first, a commercial material partially meeting industrial demand has been proposed. It is a low alloy steel (42CrMo4). A characterization of the powder from a gas atomization was undertaken and its layering characteristics were evaluated. The experiences, of melting it with a laser, have identified a set of viable parameters, allowing the construction of parts with satisfactory metallurgical quality. The development of a suitable heat treatment completes the studyof this steel. The last part of this thesis consist in a proposition of a "design" of powder for the fabrication by SLM of MetalMatrix Composites, with WC base, fulfilling the industrial specifications. However, this study remains exploratory and focused on the identification of metallurgical mechanisms (reactions, changes in solid / liquid and liquid/ vapor states, etc.), thermo-capillarity phenomena and matter transport by gas convection
Zhang, Xiaohui. "Manufacturing of hemp/PP composites and study of its residual stress and aging behavior." Thesis, Troyes, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TROY0015/document.
Full textIn recent years composite materials based on natural fibers are more and more used for their new performances. Natural fibers propose attractive environmental, mechanical and thermal properties.In this work, we are firstly interested in hemp fibers. These fibers are already used in the automotive and construction industry. In Europe, these fibers are produced mainly in France and especially in Aube. To develop agro-composites with high performances, we have focused this thesis on hemp woven. We chose to elaborate the plates with hemp woven and a polypropylene matrix (PP) by compression molding. This work allows us to see the influence of elaboration conditions on the mechanical behavior of these agro-composites. This thesis also allows us to see the effect of aging conditions UV and humidity on the performance of these materials. Finally an analysis of residual stresses determined by the hole drilling method is proposed to see their effects on the agro-materials
Vissouvanadin, Soubaretty Bertrand. "Matériaux de câble à isolation synthétique pour des applications au transport d'énergie HVDC." Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1271/.
Full textThis work deals with the development of High Voltage Direct Current cables based Cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE). The development of such a cable is confronted to the problem of space charge build-up which is linked to the nature of the semiconducting electrodes and the insulating material. In the framework of this thesis, the pulsed electro-acoustic (PEA) method has been used to study space charge build-up in both plaque and model cables. The impact of cross-linking by-products on the heterocharges accumulation has been highlighted by investigations on XLPE conditioning. A model based on heterogeneous polarization has been established to describe heterocharges build-up. Results obtained on different insulating formulations have shown a clear impact of additives regarding space charge build-up. Furthermore, study of semi-conducting layers has enabled identifying the effect of the different compounds such as carbon black, polymer matrix on charges build-up. For model cables, a deconvolution method of raw PEA signal which takes into account the cylindrical geometry, the attenuation and the dispersion of acoustic waves has been developed. Measurements on non-treated model cables have shown a displacement of the point where the field is at maximum from the inner to the outer semi-conducting electrode. This is due to a massive heterocharges build-up adjacent to the external electrode. The impact of thermal gradient on space charge build-up has also been addressed in this work
Didane, Nizar. "Elaboration et caractérisation fonctionnelle de matériaux polymères intumescents : application aux textiles de recouvrement." Thesis, Lille 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL10062/document.
Full textThis work is dealing with the development of fire resistant covering textiles for railway field. It particularly concerns the improvement of poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET) fire properties by melt blending fire retardants. Based on literature, a synergistic blend of additives has been selected (zinc phosphinates and OctaMethyl POSS nanofillers) and processed into PET multifilaments with 10% of loading content. Other fire resistant systems combining zinc or aluminium phosphinates with different POSS has been also studied. The developed materials showed distinct fire behaviours which could be related in one hand, to the released species of POSS through thermal degradation and on the other hand, to reactions between POSS and the metal element on the phosphorus-containing agent. The elaboration of highly loaded multifilaments (20 wt.%) has been studied with zinc or aluminium phosphinates which are respectively fusible and infusible. Rheological modifications occurred when fillers are added to PET and incorporation of poly (butylene terephthalate) (PBT) diminished the observed phenomena. Works on textile fire retardancy by fibres blending or back coating has been led and gave interesting results. Compatibility and dispersion state of fillers on polymer and their impact on the fibrous materials physical properties has been also studied