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Academic literature on the topic 'Matières plastiques - Dégradation'
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Journal articles on the topic "Matières plastiques - Dégradation"
Lafon, D., and R. Garnier. "Toxicité des produits de dégradation thermique des matières plastiques." EMC - Pathologie professionnelle et de l 'environnement 3, no. 1 (January 2008): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1155-1925(08)71847-0.
Full textChergui, H. "Flux des particules grossières de matière organique allochtone et autochtone dans un bras mort du Rhône." Revue des sciences de l'eau 2, no. 4 (April 12, 2005): 565–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/705043ar.
Full textAmy, G., J. F. Debroux, R. Arnold, and L. G. Wilson. "Emploi de la pré-ozonation pour augmenter la biodégradabilité d'un effluent secondaire dans un système de traitement par inflitration dans le sol." Revue des sciences de l'eau 9, no. 3 (April 12, 2005): 365–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/705258ar.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Matières plastiques - Dégradation"
Chauvet, Elodie. "Etude des phénomènes de dégradation d'un polymère sous rayonnement." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4720.
Full textSome polymers exhibit outstanding barrier properties to both gas and water vapor and are then good candidates for packaging applications particularly in the food and pharmaceutical field. However, for some applications, it is necessary to apply a physical treatment in order to enhance the mechanical properties of plastic packaging. In particular, ionizing radiation (accelerated electrons and gamma rays), which are increasingly used in industrial scale, can trigger crosslinking and grafting reactions. However, these phenomena may be accompanied by other undesirable reactions which could lead to undesirable aesthetic or toxic products or could affect intrinsic properties of the materials.In a very demanding legislation, the effects of ionizing radiation on a polymer of great industrial interest were studied. The structural changes were characterized by a wide range of analytical techniques (NMR 13C-DNP, IR microspectroscopy, XPS, ToF-SIMS, etc), changes in physical properties were followed and finally, solutions to limit the undesirable effects created by irradiation were investigated
Longieras, Antoine. "Mise au point d'un milieu solide inerte pour l'étude de la biodégradation des polymères dans le compost." Reims, 2005. http://theses.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000336.pdf.
Full textThe purpose of our research was to set up a vermiculite based inert solid medium which allows us to enhance reproductibility of biodegradation tests in compost, to simulate degradation of materials in compost and to establish carbon balance. In a first step, wheat starch has been used as a model biodegradable polymer and we have shown that degradation of this product in an inert solid medium was similar to the degradation in compost. A carbon balance has been established with a satisfactory accuracy. In a second step, we have applied the method to the degradation of synthetic biodegradable polymer such as PLA of PHB. A carbon extraction protocol based on PLA hydrolysis in NaOH has been proposed and we have followed the evolution of the various terms of the PLA degradation carbon balance, Biomass, carbon dioxide, soluble by-products and remaining polymer. A different protocol has been proposed of PHB based on biomass oxidation but it still needs some improvement. This work constitutes a first approach in polymer inert solid media degradation tests and it highlights the fundamental steps which further work should be focused on
Rogaume, Yann. "Physico-chimie de la dégradation thermique des molécules azotées : cas du polyamide et du polyuréthanne." Poitiers, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999POIT2286.
Full textWahl, Aurélie. "Distribution et comportement de débris plastiques dans un sol agricole amendé en compost de déchets ménagers." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Rennes 1, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022REN1B031.
Full textPlastic waste is accumulating in all environmental compartments, and its presence is of great interest to the scientific community. However, plastic waste study in soils is only very recent compared to rivers and oceans. This PhD work therefore focused on the behaviour of micro- and nanoplastics and associated contaminants from the composting of household waste enriched with plastic debris in agricultural soil. The microplastics collected in soil have an advanced degree of weathering that favours the release of small plastic particles such as nanoplastics. In order to identify them, an extraction/identification method was developed and highlighted for the first time, the presence of nanoplastics containing the three most common polymers in the uppermost soil surface layer. It was then demonstrated that these nanoplastics were present in the mineral layers at depth, whereas the microplastics were only present at ploughing depth. Nanoplastics are therefore mobile in soils and can reach the underlying groundwaters. Finally, the role of plastic waste in the concomitant metal contamination found in soil was investigated. The highest concentrations correspond to metals used as additives in the formulation of plastics, but the plastic role could not be implicated with certainty in soil contamination. However, metals and their isotopic signatures are good candidates for tracing nanoplastics in complex natural matrices
Chauvet, Elodie. "Etude des phénomènes de dégradation d'un polymère sous rayonnement." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4720.
Full textSome polymers exhibit outstanding barrier properties to both gas and water vapor and are then good candidates for packaging applications particularly in the food and pharmaceutical field. However, for some applications, it is necessary to apply a physical treatment in order to enhance the mechanical properties of plastic packaging. In particular, ionizing radiation (accelerated electrons and gamma rays), which are increasingly used in industrial scale, can trigger crosslinking and grafting reactions. However, these phenomena may be accompanied by other undesirable reactions which could lead to undesirable aesthetic or toxic products or could affect intrinsic properties of the materials.In a very demanding legislation, the effects of ionizing radiation on a polymer of great industrial interest were studied. The structural changes were characterized by a wide range of analytical techniques (NMR 13C-DNP, IR microspectroscopy, XPS, ToF-SIMS, etc), changes in physical properties were followed and finally, solutions to limit the undesirable effects created by irradiation were investigated
Devilliers, Clémence. "Dégradation chimique du PE et influence sur le comportement, l'endommagement et la rupture en fluage : application à la durabilité des canalisations sous pression." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00711486.
Full textCoulon, Arnaud. "Injection des polyamides renforcés de fibres de verre longues : relations mise en oeuvre/comportement thermomécanique." Thesis, Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10163/document.
Full textThe aim of this project was to optimise the material-process couple in the case of long glass fibre reinforced polyamides, so as to comply with industrial requirements of mechanicai and thermo-mechanical performance, The fibre segregation mechanisms occurring during the filling stage of the mould, which govern the local heterogeneities, have been first studied on a prototype part having a shape typical of industrial parts. A second part has focused on the flexural behavioul The modulus and maximal flexural stress have been estimated from structural models based on the multilayer morphological description (local fibre content, residual fibre lengths, fibre orientations...) of the composites. The results have been validated on an industrial part. Finally, the creep behaviour at high lemperature has been experimentally determined and then modelled (Findley's model). The need to take into account the thermal aging of the matrix in order to correct the load level during the loading time has also been pointed out
Pelzer, Quentin. "Étude du vieillissement des isolants synthétiques des câbles moyenne tension "HTA"." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAI033.
Full textDue to its outstanding thermal and dielectric properties, XLPE (Chemically Crosslinked Polyethylene) is commonly used as a base material for manufacturing the electrical insulating jacket of MV cables. With a view to improve the reliability of these cables, aging studies have been carried out under different stress conditions (temperature, humidity, tension) on the different constituting layers, and in particular on the XLPE insulating one.First of all, we have identified several chemical and physical markers that can provide information on the aging degree of the XLPE insulation from MV cables. These different markers are representative of a degradation at different scales (molecular, microscopic and macroscopic) and they can be used to establish a diagnosis on an electrical cable, and thus evaluate its general state of degradation. Among these markers, the existence of a polar species’ migration phenomenon from semiconductors to the insulating layer had particularly attracted our attention. Additional analyzes were thus conducted to gain more insight on this phenomenon.Then, we have determined the impact of simultaneous thermal and electrical stresses on physico-chemical and dielectric properties of the XLPE insulating material. The physico-chemical analyzes have demonstrated that the addition of an important tension did not affect the oxidation and diffusion phenomena previously identified. Aging under high stress allowed us to identify a special signal in dielectric spectroscopy. The identification of such a signal could be used to anticipate cable breakdowns on the power grid. In addition, we were successful in establishing a clear link between some chemical markers and the degradation of the insulator dielectric properties in the case of extreme ageing conditions
Viretto, Amandine. "Influence de la morphologie sur la dégradation thermique et le comportement au feu de formulations polymères complexes en vue d'applicationsen en câblerie." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON20045.
Full textThe cable industry is a major consumer of industrial polymers. In this area, the standards impose to limit the fire risk and thus to enhance the fireproof of the polymeric materials which are important sources of fuel. Many studies have focused on their flame retardancy by using additive flame retardants, but few of them have studied the influence of the morphology of filled polymer blends on the thermal stability and the fire behavior. This thesis follows a previous project which demonstrated a significant influence of the morphology on the fire behavior of a binary polymer blend (PC / PBT). It aims to improve the understanding of this influence in the case of more complex formulations (ternary or quaternary) with ethylene methylacrylate (EMA) matrix. The first strategy was the identification of a flame retardant system including polyester that is able to char when a flame retardant is added. Once the system is identified (PBT + MDH), it was incorporated in EMA matrix by varying the composition and the morphology (selective dispersion, particle size ...). This approach showed significant differences between the different formulations and very interesting results have been obtained in terms of fire reaction at the laboratory scale. However, the scale-up approach (flame spread test) did not validate these formulations for cables applications. Therefore, the last part has been proposed to try to improve the cohesion of the residue by adding ammonium polyphosphate
Castillo, Montes Jaime. "Impacts des stratégies d'exploitation de réseaux intérieurs sur la durabilité de canalisations d'eau chaude." Phd thesis, Université de La Rochelle, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00730705.
Full textBooks on the topic "Matières plastiques - Dégradation"
S, Allen Norman, Edge Michele, Horie C. V, and Royal Society of Chemistry (Great Britain). Information Services., eds. Polymers in conservation. Cambridge [England]: Royal Society of Chemistry Information Services, 1992.
Find full textPolymers in conservation. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 1992.
Find full textHorie, C. V., M. Edge, and Norman S. Allen. Polymers in Conservation (Special Publication (Royal Society of Chemistry (Great Britain))). Royal Society of Chemistry, 1992.
Find full text