Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Matière, Théorie cinétique de la – Modèles mathématiques'
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Vigier, Thomas. "Méthodes numériques préservant l’asymptotique pour des modèles aux moments de la physique des plasmas." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0477.
Full textAs part of the research on energy production through inertial confinement fusion, the development of new numerical methods is crucial. Indeed, simulations not only allow to refine the understanding of complex physical phenomena occurring under the extreme thermodynamic conditions necessary for fusion but also permit to assist in the design of new experimental devices. Within numerical simulations for fusion, the calculation of the electron heat flux is a central issue. Due to the extreme conditions of matter, the conventional Spitzer-Härm theory becomes insufficient to describe thermal conduction. Thus, to capture kinetic effects at a lower computational cost, moment models at the mesoscopic scale are used instead to describe the electron behaviour. This thesis manuscript focuses on the numerical resolution of these moment models, first in the simplified framework of linear transport and then in the context of electronic transport. The multi-scale nature of these models complicates the development of numerical schemes, which must accurately resolve all regimes : to do this, a particular class of methods, known as asymptoticpreserving methods, has emerged. One of the most recent and promising one is the Unified Gas Kinetic Scheme (UGKS) : this finite volume scheme for relaxation-type kinetic equations relies on the integral solution obtained from the method of characteristics. In this manuscript, a method is proposed to derive asymptotic-preserving kinetic schemes for moment models based on UGKS. The main idea which is introduced is to apply a closure at the numerical scale in the UGKS fluxes. In the two studied application cases, this new method reveals to be particularly effective and continuing its development seems relevant in order to solve more complex physical models. Moreover, its generic nature and flexibility make it a pertinent alternative to conventional asymptotic-preserving schemes. Moreover, some stability results are also demonstrated for this new scheme, and an extension to unstructured meshes is proposed
Allemand, Thibaut. "Modèles mathématiques pour les gaz quantiques." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00548177.
Full textMassot, Marc. "Modelisation mathematique et numerique de la combustion des melanges gazeux." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996EPXX0025.
Full textAzrak, Abderrahim el. "Etude des plateaux à clapets : caractérisation du transfert de matière et de l'hydrodynamique." Toulouse, INPT, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988INPT013G.
Full textTsikata, Sedina. "Small-scale electron density fluctuations in the hall thruster, investigated by collective light scattering." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/48/40/27/PDF/thesis.pdf.
Full textAnomalous electron transport across magnetic field lines in the Hall thruster plasma is believed to be due in part to plasma oscillations. Oscillations of frequencies on the order of a few megahertz and of wavelengths on the order of a millimeter have been shown to be likely to lead to transport. Measurements of fluctuations at these length scales is, however, beyond the reach of conventional thruster diagnostics such as probes. This work describes the first application of a specially-designed collective light scattering diagnostic (PRAXIS) to the measurement of electron density fluctuations and the subsequent identification of unstable modes in the thruster plasma. Two main high frequency modes are identified, propagating azimuthally and axially, of millimetric length scales and megahertz frequencies. The propagation directions and angular openings of the modes are determined. The azimuthallypropagating mode, believed to be responsible for transport, is shown to have wave vector components antiparallel to the magnetic field and parallel to the electric field, and to propagate within an extremely limited region. The axially-propagating mode is shown to have features closely related to the ion beam velocity and divergence. The electron density fluctuation level is calculated and is associated with a high electric field amplitude. The experiments, confirming a number of predictions arising from linear kinetic theory, also provide much additional information permitting the improvement and development of models for both modes
Delage, Fabienne. "Etude de la fonction cinétique de dissolution d'un verre nucléaire." Montpellier 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON20159.
Full textAjmone, Marsan Giulia. "Nouveaux paradigmes et méthodes mathématiques pour systèmes complexes dans l'économie comportementale." Paris, EHESS, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EHES0139.
Full textThis dissertation is devoted to the mathematical investigation of properties of complex socio-economic systems, where individual behaviors, and their interactions, exert a crucial influence on the overall dynamics of the whole system. In order to understand the importance of such an investigation, it is necessary to briefly analyze some conceptual aspects relating to the interaction between applied mathematics and socio-economic sciences. The main issue in this field consists in coupling the usual qualitative interpretation of socio-economic phenomena with an innovative quantitative description by means of mathematical equations. This dialogue, however difficult, is necessary to reach a deeper understanding of socio-economic phenomena, where deterministic rules may be stochastically perturbed by individual behaviors. The difficulty mostly stems from the fact that the behavior of socio-economic systems, where the collective dynamics differ from the sum of the individual behaviors, is aparadigmatic example of a complex system. The mathematical framework presented in this dissertation is built by suitable developments of the so-called mathematical kinetic theory for active particles, which proved to be a useful reference for applications in many fields of life sciences. The description of a system by the methods of the mathematical kinetic theory essentially implies the definition of the microscopic state space of the in¬teracting entities and of the distribution function over this state space
Clément, Frédérique. "Modélisation mathématique de la cinétique cellulaire au sein de la granulosa des follicules ovariens au cours de leur développement terminal." Paris 7, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA077102.
Full textThe cellular changes in the granulosa of ovarian follicles during their terminal development are studied from a mathematical viewpoint. First, a dynamic model is described, which takes into account the processes of cell proliferation, exit from the cell cycle towards differ entiation and apoptotic cell death. Changes in the cell numbers and in the growth fraction are derived from differential equations. The transitions between the different cell states are ruled by time-dependent rates. Numerical applications of the model concern ovulating and degenerating ovarian follicles in the ewe. The main feature of the ovulating case is the progressive exhaustion of the proliferating compartment for the benefit of the non-cycling cells. From an initial mainly proliferative state the granulosa progressively switches to a highly differentiated state, so that the growth fraction continuously decreases. In the atretic cases, the pattern of changes in the total viable cell number is influenced by the follicular age at the onset of the apoptotic process and by the intensity of the cell death rate. The model gives rise to the concept of strategy for exploitation of the follicular proliferative capital. Then an optimal control problem is formulated, in order to seek for the optimal cellular changes in the granulosa leading to ovulation in minimal time. The conditions for ovulation are represented by three different constraints on the granulosa final state. In each case, reaching a threshold on follicular differentiated cells is needed for triggering the surge. The threshold concerns the instantaneous number, the cumulative number, or a weighted cumulative numbe of differentiated cells. The optimal strategy consists in applying permanently the minima apoptosis rate and in switching the cell cycle exit rate from its minimal bound to its maximal one
Chahbani, Mohamed Hachemi. "Séparation de gaz par adsorption modulée en pression : modélisation des écoulements et de la cinétique de transfert de matière." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPL108N.
Full textCanu, Stéphane. "La continuation appliquée aux modèles biologiques." Compiègne, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986COMPI237.
Full textAloui, Asma. "Approche combinée théorie-expérience pour la catalyse d’hydrogénation asymétrique." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO10291/document.
Full textSeveral studies brought back the influence of the hydrogen pressure, more precisely the real hydrogen concentration dissolved in solution, on the enantioselectivity of the catalytic asymmetric hydrogenation for rhodium based catalysts. However to identify the enantiodetermining step(s), and to gain some further understanding on the hydrogen pressure-enantioselectivity relationship, the determination of the kinetic constants is required. We have thus embarked a project aiming such determination by coupling experimental work and theoretical chemistry. Two studies were undertaken on the asymmetric hydrogenation of both substrates by the Rh (I)/ (R,R)-Me-bpe catalyst. The experimental kinetic work study is based on the kinetic model suggested by Halpern in order to estimate the parameters kinetic of each elementary step, whereas that theoretical, consists in studying the various possible pathways by DFT calculation using the software of modelling Gaussian 03. The analysis of the obtained results made it possible to revisit the concepts’ key of the catalytic asymmetric hydrogenation and to hold a discussion about the reliability of the theoretical methods to envisage the experiment
Peurichard, Diane. "Modélisation mathématique des systèmes biologiques et dérivation de modèles macroscopiques." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30101/document.
Full textIn a first part (work in collaboration with the team of biologists of L. Casteilla) we propose an Individual based model for studying the emergence of lobule-like structures of cells in an organized fiber network. A parametric analysis on the numerical results as well as image processing methods on the biological images enable us to show that biologically-relevant structures can be reproduced by a model mostly based on cell-fiber mechanical interactions. The originality of this model mainly relies in the modelling of complex geometrical structures such as fiber networks as sets of connected elementary units interacting through simple functionals. This novelty has been used to build other types of models presented as direct perspective of this work. The second and third parts lie in the derivation of kinetic and macroscopic models for an interconnected fiber network, closely linked to the microscopic one. The originality of this work lies in the obtained closed system of two evolution equations: one for the distribution of individual fibers and one for the fiber links. In the case of homogeneous fiber density, we show existence of stationary solutions to the macroscopic equation, and numerical simulations show the good correspondence between the microscopic and macroscopic models. Finally (work in collaboration with S. Motsch), we are interested in the role of cell-cell interactions in the invasion properties (speed, geometry...) of a growing mass of cells. We show that the macroscopic model derived from the microscopic one features instabilities, and we propose a modified macroscopic model that we are able to link to the particle dynamics. The numerical simulations show the relevance of the macroscopic model to describe the microscopic dynamics at large scale
Petit, Xavier. "Etude de l'interaction cinétique chimique/turbulence dans une flamme cryotechnique LOx/CHA4." Phd thesis, INSA de Rouen, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01020523.
Full textLours, Thierry. "Etude structurale de la transformation sol-gel : caractérisation des aérogels et étude de leur densification par diffusion des rayons X aux petits angles." Montpellier 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON20012.
Full textPrigent, Corentin. "Etude numérique et modélisation du modèle d'Euler bitempérature : point de vue cinétique." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0201/document.
Full textIn various domains of physics, several phenomena can be modeled via the use of nonconservative hyperbolic systems. In particular, in plasma physics, in the process of developping and understanding the phenomena leading to Inertial Confinement Fusion, the bi-temperature Euler sytem can be used to model particle transport phenomena in a plasma. The difficulty of the mathematical study of such systems dwells in the presence of so-called non-conservative products, which prevent the classical definition of weak solutions via distribution theory. To attempt to define these quantities, it is useful to supplement the hyperbolic system with an underlying kinetic model. In this work, the objective is the numerical study of such kinetic systems in order to solve the bi-temperature Euler system.This manuscript is split in two parts. The first one contains the study of the bi-temperature Euler system. In the first chapter, this system in dimension 1 is solved by the use of an underlying kinetic model sprung from plasma physics: the Vlasov-BGK-Ampère system. An asymptotic-preserving numerical method is introduced, and it is shown that the scheme obtained in the limit is consistant with a scheme for teh bi-temperature Euler system. In the following chapter, the same hyperbolic model in dimension 2 is studied, this time via a discrete-BGK type underlying model. An entropy inequality is proved for solutions coming from the kinetic model, as well as a discrete entropy dissipation inequality.In the second part of the manuscript, we are interested in the development of numerical schemes for gas mixture rarefied flows. Firstly, an adaptive kinetic scheme is introduced for inert gas mixtures. By the use of discrete conservation laws, the solution is approximated on a set of discrete velocities that depends on space, time and species. Secondly, an extension of the method is proposed in order to improve the efficiency of the first method. Finally, the two methods are compared to the classical fixed grid method on a series of test cases.In the last chapter, a numerical method is proposed for rarefied flows of reacting mixtures. The setting considered is the case of slow bimolecular reversible chemical reactions. The method introduced is an explicit-implicit treatment of the relaxation operator, which is shown to be stable, linear and conservative
Frouvelle, Amic. "Modélisation de phénomènes d'agrégation et de morphogénèse au sein des sociétés animales." Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1174/.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to the study, at different scales, of models of particles moving with constant speed and with alignment interaction (variants of the time-continuous version of the Vicsek model proposed by P. Degond and S. Motsch), which arise in the description of the behavior of individuals inside animal societies such as fish schools or flocks of birds. In a first part, we study the influence, at the macroscopic level, of variants introduced at the individual level. We get in some cases the same type of macroscopic model as for the original one, the difference being in the final coefficients and in the possible loss of hyperbolicity. In another variant, where the rate of relaxation to the mean direction of the neighboring particles is proportional to their momentum, we highlight a phenomenon of phase transition between the previous model and a diffusive-type model. Finally we introduce a variant of the model where the particles move on a Riemannian manifold. In a second part, we analyze the dynamics of the space-homogeneous version of the model with phase transition, which takes the form of a nonlinear Fokker–Planck equation. This equation, also called Doi equation with dipolar potential, also appears in the study of suspensions of polymers. We obtain precise results which allow to describe this phase transition. In particular, we prove the exponential convergence (or algebraic in the critical case) to a steady state, the type of which is given by the initial condition
Hamlat, Bastien. "Modélisation mathématique de réactions cinétiques multiphasiques en géochimie." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020REN1S013.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the modeling chemical kinetics for reactions involving pure phases. In the first chapter, a discontinuous ODEs model for reactions with appearance and disappearance of species for any number of minerals is proposed. A regularized version of the model can prove positivity and existence. An explicit analysis in the case containing an intermediate reactive species is investigated. In the second chapter, a reformulation of the chemical kinetics model using Filippov's theory is proposed. A proof of the existence and the positivity of the solutions is given. In addition, in the case of discontinuity surfaces of codimension 1, a study of the configurations of the vector fields provides a result of uniqueness and a characterization of the trajectories. In the third chapter, a model of chemical kinetics of the projected dynamical system is proposed. An analysis of the existence of solutions of this model, links with other types of formulations and an adapted numerical resolution method are provided. An illustration of the numerical results obtained is made for chemical kinetic systems
He, Jun. "Modélisation des écoulements gaz-solides en régime dilué : influence des collisions entre particules et de l'anisotropie de leur mouvement fluctuant." Compiègne, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994COMPD698.
Full textDenis-Vidal, Lilianne. "Identification d'un système biochimique, modélisation et contrôle d'un système de réacteurs." Compiègne, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993COMPD640.
Full textMétral, Jérôme. "Modélisation et simulation numérique de l'écoulement d'un plasma atmosphérique pour l'étude de l'activité électrique des plasmas sur avion." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ECAP0868.
Full textA ionized gas (or plasma) has the ability of absorbing or reflecting electromagnetic (radar) waves if its ionization rate is high enough. This is particularly interesting for aeronautics. This study aims at predicting the electric and energetic characteristics of a weakly ionized air plasma in an atmospheric pressure flow. The plasma is described by a two-temperature model, coming from the non-equilibrium description of plasmas. Plasma flow is then described by a two-temperature hydrodynamic system coupled with a collisional model (energy exchanges rates) and a kinetic model (chemical reactions). An algorithm was built to simulate plasma flow in axisymetric geometry. The algorithm is a 2D Lagrange + Projection scheme. The projection step was adapted to multi-components advection, using a second order, non oscillating, and bidimensionnal scheme. This algorithm allows the simulation of experiments concerning atmospheric pressure plasma and then the validation of the model parameters. In a second part, we study the Perfectly Matched Layer (PML) which is a boundary condition to simulate wave propagation in open domains. This method is particularly efficient for electromagnetic problems, and we want to enlarge this approach to aeroacoutics problems (linearized Euler equations). We propose two solutions: a practical approach to avoid numerical oscillations of the solution and a more general approach which consists in a new absorbing layer formulation which leads to well-posed problems
Pavić, Milana. "Mathematical modelling and analysis of polyatomic gases and mixtures in the context of kinetic theory of gases and fluid mechanics." Thesis, Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014DENS0033/document.
Full textConsidering polyatomic gases, we first propose two independent hierarchies of the moment equations, which allow to obtain conservation laws for mass density, momentum and total energy of a gas. Such hierarchies are usually truncated at some order. A method which provides an appropriate solution to the closure problem is the maximization of entropy method. We formulate a variational problem and explore in detail the physical case of 14 moments. We study mixtures of polyatomic gases in which the distribution function of each species converges towards a Maxwellian distribution function, each with its own bulk velocity and temperature. Balance laws for mass density, momentum and energy can be obtained. In particular, the phenomenological coefficients of extended thermodynamics can be determined from the source terms. Regarding mixtures of monatomic gases, we discuss the diffusion asymptotics of the Boltzmann equations. The Hilbert expansion yields two equations. The first equation allows to state that the mixture is close to equilibrium. The second equation is a linear functional equation in the velocity variable. We prove the existence of a solution to this equation. On the one hand, when molecular masses are equal, the techniques introduced by Grad can be used. On the other hand, we propose a new approach, which only holds when molecular masses are different
Mertz, Helene. "Modélisation des réactions chimiques dans un code de simulation par la méthode Monte Carlo." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLV012/document.
Full textDirect Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) methods are used in Ariane group to compute aerodynamic forces and moments and heat fluxes on space objects for hypersonic flows in rarefied regimes.To caracterise the dislocation of the stages and the debris footprints, a precise modelisation of the mechanism that contribute to the heat flux is necessary. The contribution of the chemical reactions is important for the determination of the heat flux. The purpose of this thesis is to develop the in house IEMC tool using the DSMC method so that it can compute reactive flows.The different steps of the developments are presented in this work. The first step is the presentation, implementation and verification of two different chemistry models. They are validated for simulations on real test cases. Different models are tested in order to evaluate their effect. Chemical models implemented in the code depend on new input parameters, whose numerical data are uncertain. Using a uncertainty quantification study, it is shown that the output data of the reactive simulation, especially the heat flux, is weakly impacted by the tested uncertain parameters
Bernard, Florian. "Efficient Asymptotic Preserving Schemes for BGK and ES-BGK models on Cartesian grids." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0040/document.
Full textThis work is devoted to the study of complex flows where hydrodynamic and rarefled regimes coexist. This kind of flows are found in vacuum pumps or hypersonic re-entries of space vehicles where the distance between gas molecules is so large that their microscopicbehaviour differ from the average behaviour of the flow and has be taken into account. We then consider two modelsof the Boltzmann equation viable for such flows: the BGK model dans the ES-BGK model.We first devise a new wall boundary condition ensuring a smooth transition of the solution from the rarefled regime to the hydrodynamic regime. We then describe how this boundary condition (and boundary conditions in general) can be enforced with second order accuracy on an immersed body on Cartesian grids preserving the asymptotic limit towards compressible Euler equations. We exploit the ability of Cartesian grids to massive parallel computations (HPC) to drastically reduce the computational time which is an issue for kinetic models. A new approach considering local velocity grids is then presented showing important gain on the computational time (up to 80%). 3D simulations are also presented showing the efficiency of the methods. Finally, solid particle transport in a rarefied flow is studied. The kinetic model is coupled with a Vlasov-type equation modeling the passive particle transport solved with a method based on remeshing processes. As application, we investigate the realistic test case of the pollution of optical devices carried by satellites due to incompletely burned particles coming from the altitude control thrusters
Kha, Kim Quoc Nguyen. "Contribution à la modélisation et à la simulation numérique de la combustion turbulente pré-mélangée dans des régimes d'interaction chimie-turbulence extrêmes : Prise en compte des écarts à l'hypothèse de flamme mince." Thesis, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ESMA0018/document.
Full textThe present study is devoted to the modeling of turbulent reactive flows. In a first step of the analysis, one-dimensional flames are considered to scrutinize analytically and numerically the characteristics of the propagating flame front. Then, we introduce a new definition for the flamelet thickness that may differ from the laminar flame thickness. Accordingly a generalized and consistent form of the presumed probability density function(PDF) is proposed. The parameters of this PDF depend on the ratio of the Kolmo-gorov length scale to laminar flame thickness. The corresponding developments can be associated with a boundary layer description applied to the turbulent flame in which the thicknesses of the different sub-layers are determined from the sole knowledge of the turbulent Reynolds number Re and Karlovitz number Ka. This description leads to amodeling proposal (i) for the mean reaction rate as well as (ii) for the turbulent scalar flux. The values of all chemical characteristics are calculated from one-dimensional flame susing either the MathematicaTM software or detailed chemical kinetics computations.Numerical simulations are finally performed with the CFD code Code-Saturne and the model is validated through comparisons with reference experimental configurations :turbulent V-shaped flames and impinging flames. Satisfactory results are obtained for these two distinct configurations
Graille, Benjamin. "Modélisation de mélanges gazeux réactifs ionisés dissipatifs." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007444.
Full texttransport à partir d'un modèle de type Boltzmann par un développement de Enskog. Nous étudions alors les propriétés de symétrie apportées par l'entropie de ces équations couplées avec celles de Maxwell pour obtenir un théorème d'existence locale en temps d'une solution bornée et régulière pour le problème de Cauchy. Nous étudions ensuite un modèle de plasma ambipolaire en considérant la masse de l'électron comme un paramètre. Nous démontrons que la solution globale dépend continument de la masse de l'électron lorsque celle-ci s'annule. Nous calculons enfin des flammes ionisées planes et étirées d'un mélange hydrogène-air et obtenons des structures de flammes typiques avec un faible impact de l'ionisation.
Fajraoui, Noura. "Analyse de sensibilité globale et polynômes de chaos pour l'estimation des paramètres : application aux transferts en milieu poreux." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01019528.
Full textCarrapatoso, Kléber. "Théorèmes asymptotiques pour les équations de Boltzmann et de Landau." Phd thesis, Université Paris Dauphine - Paris IX, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00920455.
Full textErsoy, Mehmet. "Modélisation, analyse mathématique et numérique de divers écoulements compressibles ou incompressibles en couche mince." Phd thesis, Chambéry, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00529392.
Full textMerheb, Rania. "Fiabilité des outils de prévision du comportement des systèmes thermiques complexes." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00969036.
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