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Academic literature on the topic 'Matière organique dissoute – Réactivité (chimie)'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Matière organique dissoute – Réactivité (chimie)"
Dejaeger, Karlien. "Disinfection by-product formation during drinking water chlorination : identifying organic matter precursors and associated hazards." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2024. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/ToutIDP/EDSMRE/2024/2024ULILR066.pdf.
Full textDisinfection by-products (DBPs) form when dissolved organic matter (DOM) in water reacts with disinfectants, leading to regulated compounds such as trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs). However, unregulated DBPs like iodinated THMs/HAAs, and nitrogenous DBPs, such as haloacetonitriles (HANs) and haloacetamides (HAMs), pose higher health risks, as studies with Chinese Hamster Ovary cells have shown. To control DBP formation in tap water, researchers focus on identifying DBP precursors by fractionating DOM using resins or membranes, though results vary widely. In this thesis, a meta-analysis compares the reactivity of DOM fractions towards (un)regulated DBPs. The meta-analysis reveals that hydrophobic compounds exhibit 10-20% higher reactivity to both THM and HAA formation compared to hydrophilic compounds in waters with high specific ultraviolet absorbance at 254nm (SUVA254 >2). In waters with low SUVA254, both hydrophobic and hydrophilic compounds have equal reactivity. However, hydrophilic compounds are 20-80% more reactive towards unregulated DBPs. Neither chlorination time nor dose alters this reactivity ratio, but an increase in column capacity factor does. Additionally, dead-end ultrafiltration membranes may not always separate fractions sharply, leading to inconsistent results for DBP formation across groups. To address this, a novel membrane fractionation method was developed. This method was first validated using a size exclusion chromatographic approach (HPSEC) to ensure reliability, considering key factors such as detection limits (19.0µgC dm-3) and the importance of preserving samples for a maximum of two weeks at 4°C. Inorganic carbon removal was achieved by acidifying the sample to pH 6 and purging it with N2. The HPSEC-TOC method proved reliable for DOM fraction analysis in both treated and untreated water sources. Using this method, DOM was separated into three molecular weight (MW) fractions: high (>20kDa), medium (0.3-20kDa), and low (<0.3kDa). A mathematical tool was developed to optimize the protocol and predict the diafiltration factor for each fraction, ensuring consistent results. The method was applied to surface water across three seasons, yielding a fraction up to 50% high MW compounds, a fraction over 80% medium MW compounds, and a fraction containing only low MW compounds. Chlorination and chloramination tests (24h, 1mgCl2 L-1 residual) on these fractions assessed the formation of THMs, HAAs, HANs, HAMs, and nitrosamines. Results showed that the medium MW fraction had the highest overall reactivity. However, the low MW fraction was highly reactive toward di-iodinated THMs, and its reactivity increased with increasing chlorine atoms in the HAA, HAN, and HAM families. The high MW fraction showed the lowest reactivity towards most DBPs, except iodoacetic acid and chloroacetonitrile. Fluorescence spectroscopy further revealed that DBP precursors' chemical properties vary by fraction and disinfection method, suggesting complex reaction mechanisms. A site-specific strategy is recommended to identify the most concerning DBPs, considering both their toxicity and concentration. Finally, the thesis explores the impact of reactive oxygen species on inflammation and oxidative stress pathways induced by HAAs and HAMs. In human colorectal adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) cells, lethal concentrations ranged from 12µM for iodoacetamide and iodoacetic acid to 47mM for dichloroacetamide. Primary intestinal epithelial cells from donors with colorectal cancer, Crohn's disease, and healthy controls were also exposed to HAAs and HAMs. HAAs triggered oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in cells adjacent to cancerous tissue, while HAMs induced these effects across all cell types. These findings suggest a potential link between DBP exposure and inflammatory bowel disease development, although further validation through RNA sequencing is needed
Martin, Bénédicte. "La matière organique naturelle dissoute des eaux de surface : fractionnement, caractérisation et réactivité." Poitiers, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995POIT2268.
Full textSouza, Sierra Maria Marta de. "Caractérisation et réactivité de la matière organique fluorescente dissoute dans des milieux côtiers et marins." Bordeaux 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR10543.
Full textGrohens, Yves. "Réactivité de monomères et prépolymères thermodurcissables en matière thermoplastique : Application aux colles thermofusibles réticulables." Besançon, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BESA2025.
Full textLouis, Yoann. "Mise au point d'une systématique de caractérisation des interactions Matière Organique Naturelle Dissoute (MOND) – Contaminants métalliques." Phd thesis, Université du Sud Toulon Var, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00410142.
Full textLong, Yoann. "Modélisation des processus physico-chimiques nuageux : études de la réactivité de la matière organique." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00856269.
Full textHanser, Ogier. "La matière organique dissoute issue de sols contaminés par des goudrons de houille : vers une meilleure compréhension de sa nature et de sa réactivité." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0019/document.
Full textA large amount of wastelands inherited from former industrial activities contains persistent organic contamination (coal, coal tar…). While the regulation requires an evaluation of the contamination degree of these soils, it doesn’t take into account the transformation by-products such as polar compounds, poorly studied. Yet they solubilize in aqueous phase by percolation of meteoric waters through these contaminated sites. Despite the fact that literature targeting the fresh DOM is abundant, it is not directly transposable to the anthropogenic DOM coming from wastelands, which still need to be more precisely defined to improve our knowledge of this specific DOM and its evolution over time. A multi-technical approach was developed to comprehend the anthropogenic DOM coming from former coking and gas plant soils, thanks to a combination of laboratory experiments (under controlled conditions) and on field devices (lysimeters). Their study show that they contained high polycyclic aromatic compound (PAC) contents, whose proportions in polar PACs exceed the ones in soil measurements. However, these PACs only consist of a low proportion of the total DOM. Complementary experiences targeting the influence of some parameters (pH, hydrophobicity) show a major hydrophobic characteristic and suggest a strong link between the pH and the spatial DOM organization. Artificial aging experiences show an enrichment in polar compounds leading to their water mobilization
Butscher, Teddy. "Influence de la réactivité radicalaire sur la formation de molécules organiques complexes dans les glaces interstellaires et cométaires." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0629.
Full textAstrophysical observations led to the identification of numerous organic molecules in the interstellar medium (ISM). Although the main part of these molecules are simple molecules, some of them holds a lot of atoms and are called complex organic molecules (COMs). For these molecules, several formation mechanisms were proposed, either in gas phase or in solid state, that depend on a particular kind of reactivity. Our focus here is on radical reactivity in astrophysical conditions. Interstellar ice analogues are made in laboratory and submitted to processus such as hydrogenation, VUV irradiation or thermic effect and their chemical composition are monitored by spectrometric techniques - IR, MS, GC-MS. To analyze radical species and observe their reactivity, we use cryogenic matrix isolation technique and EPR spectrometry.Our work deals with CO hydrogenation and CH3OH VUV photolysis. To do so, we perform VUV photolysis of ice analogues of H2CO or CH3OH followed by heating. Produced radical species, such as CH2OH, HCO, CH3O and HOCO, are precursors of COMs detected at the end of the experiment (glycolaldehyde GA, ehtylene glycol EG, methyl formate MF, or even carboxylic acids). We also showed that radical reactivity can perform polymerisations (in our case, that of H2CO) and does not lead compulsorily ot an increase in molecular complexity, as seen in HCO dimerisation reaction
Butscher, Teddy. "Influence de la réactivité radicalaire sur la formation de molécules organiques complexes dans les glaces interstellaires et cométaires." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0629.
Full textAstrophysical observations led to the identification of numerous organic molecules in the interstellar medium (ISM). Although the main part of these molecules are simple molecules, some of them holds a lot of atoms and are called complex organic molecules (COMs). For these molecules, several formation mechanisms were proposed, either in gas phase or in solid state, that depend on a particular kind of reactivity. Our focus here is on radical reactivity in astrophysical conditions. Interstellar ice analogues are made in laboratory and submitted to processus such as hydrogenation, VUV irradiation or thermic effect and their chemical composition are monitored by spectrometric techniques - IR, MS, GC-MS. To analyze radical species and observe their reactivity, we use cryogenic matrix isolation technique and EPR spectrometry.Our work deals with CO hydrogenation and CH3OH VUV photolysis. To do so, we perform VUV photolysis of ice analogues of H2CO or CH3OH followed by heating. Produced radical species, such as CH2OH, HCO, CH3O and HOCO, are precursors of COMs detected at the end of the experiment (glycolaldehyde GA, ehtylene glycol EG, methyl formate MF, or even carboxylic acids). We also showed that radical reactivity can perform polymerisations (in our case, that of H2CO) and does not lead compulsorily ot an increase in molecular complexity, as seen in HCO dimerisation reaction
Falantin, Cécilia. "Influence du soufre sur la complexation de cations métalliques par la matière organiques dissoute : du milieu naturel au modèle." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL10173.
Full textOrganic matter (OM) of aquatic systems is a complex mixture of macromolecules which has a high capacity for interaction with metals and thus modifies their bioavailability. There is a wide variety of complexing sites available to bind metal ions. The objective of this work is to have a better understanding of the process of complexation of certain cations by different oxygenated and sulfur-containing chelating sites of OM. To achieve this objective, three categories of OM were studied: dissolved OM (DOM) from fresh water, fractionated DOM and model compounds of OM. In each of these classes, sulfur and oxygen samples were compared to evaluate the influence of the presence of sulfur-containing sites on the complexing properties of metals by OM. The studies were conducted using chemometric and quantum chemistry methods combined with electronic spectroscopy techniques. The results obtained showed that the MON, characterized initially, sees its complexing capacities increase with the concentration of sulfur. Sulfur appears to have an effect on the complexing power, but no spectral information has been able to prove the presence of complexes obtained from sulfur-containing sites. The use of model molecules has shown the higher complexing power of the sulfur-containing sites compared to the oxygenated one for a large number of cations and for two types of functions. It has also been shown that a dithiol function has a greater binding power of metals than a hydroxy-thioketone function