Academic literature on the topic 'Matière active (physique)'
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Journal articles on the topic "Matière active (physique)"
Farge, Emmanuel, and Marie-Neige Cordonnier. "« La matière biologique est à la fois physique, active et réactive »." Pour la Science N° 550 – août, no. 8 (August 1, 2023): 43–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/pls.550.0043.
Full textWarburton, Darren E. R., Peter T. Katzmarzyk, Ryan E. Rhodes, and Roy J. Shephard. "Lignes directrices éclairées par des données probantes sur l’activité physique à l’intention des Canadiens adultesCet article est tiré d’un supplément intitulé Advancing physical activity measurement and guidelines in Canada: a scientific review and evidence-based foundation for the future of Canadian physical activity guidelines (Favoriser les lignes directrices et la mesure de l’activité physique au Canada: examen scientifique et justification selon les données probantes pour l’avenir des lignes directrices de l’activité physique canadienne) publié par Physiologie appliquée, nutrition et métabolisme et la Revue canadienne de santé publique. On peut aussi mentionner Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab. 32 (Suppl. 2F) ou Can. J. Public Health 98 (Suppl. 2)." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 32, S2F (December 2007): S17—S74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/h07-168.
Full textLipnowski, Stan, and Claire MA LeBlanc. "Une vie saine et active : des directives en matière d’activité physique chez les enfants et les adolescents." Paediatrics & Child Health 17, no. 4 (April 2012): 211–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pch/17.4.211.
Full textKutash, Emilie. "Proclus’ chôra : Henotheism and cosmic sympathy. No level of being is exempt." Chôra 20 (2022): 125–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/chora2022208.
Full textGreidanus, Elaine, Dawn Burleigh, and Daphne Mai'Stonia. "Educator Understandings of Wellness: Barriers and Supports in Northern Alberta First Nations Schools." Alberta Journal of Educational Research 69, no. 4 (December 12, 2023): 514–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.55016/ojs/ajer.v69i4.77008.
Full textMartin, Wanda, and Lindsey Vold. "Renforcer les compétences grâce à l’agriculture urbaine : rapport sur le projet Askîy." Promotion de la santé et prévention des maladies chroniques au Canada 38, no. 1 (January 2018): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.24095/hpcdp.38.1.06f.
Full textHolland, Alyson. "L’application des connaissances sur l’ostéoporose chez les jeunes adultes : nouvelles orientations pour les programmes de prévention." Promotion de la santé et prévention des maladies chroniques au Canada 37, no. 8 (August 2017): 251–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.24095/hpcdp.37.8.01f.
Full textCourte, Amandine, Nathalie Cialdella, Alexandre Muller, Vincent Blanfort, Jean-Luc Bochu, and Michel Brossard. "Recenser et évaluer les pratiques agricoles qui stockent le carbone des sols, premier pas vers une agriculture à faible impact en Guyane." Cahiers Agricultures 29 (2020): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/cagri/2020019.
Full textCHIRA, Rodica-Gabriela. "Sophie Hébert-Loizelet and Élise Ouvrard. (Eds.) Les carnets aujourd’hui. Outils d’apprentissage et objets de recherche. Presses universitaires de Caen, 2019. Pp. 212. ISBN 979-2-84133-935-8." Journal of Linguistic and Intercultural Education 13 (December 1, 2020): 195–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.29302/jolie.2020.13.12.
Full textFayolle, Jacky, Gérard Cornilleau, and Françoise Milewski. "La concurrence, frein et moteur de l'investissement." Revue de l'OFCE 63, no. 4 (November 1, 1997): 5–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/reof.p1997.63n1.0005.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Matière active (physique)"
Solon, Alexandre. "Physique statistique de la matière active." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC118.
Full textActive systems, composed of particles capable of using the energy stored in their medium to self-propel, are ubiquitous in nature. They are found at all scales: from molecular motors to cellular tissues, bacterial colonies and animal groups. These out-of-equilibrium systems have attracted a lot of attention from the physics community because they show a richer phenomenology than passive systems that we can still understand using simple models. In this thesis, we study analytically and numerically minimal models of active particles. They allow us to understand different phenomena that are characteristic of active matter and to study the large-scale behavior of several classes of systems. The thermodynamics of active systems is fundamentally different from that of equilibrium systems. In particular, we show that the mechanical pressure of an active particle fluid is not given by an equation of state. The pressure is thus not a property of the fluid and depends on the details of the interaction with the containing vessel. We also study two phase transitions that specific to active matter: The motility-induced phase separation and the transition to collective motion. In both cases, we observe a phase separation between a liquid and a gas and study their coexistence. For the transition to collective motion, we exhibit two universality classes, based on the particles' symmetry, which have different types of coexistence phases
Keta, Yann-Edwin. "Emergence of disordered collective motion in dense systems of isotropic self-propelled particles." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Montpellier (2022-....), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UMONS025.
Full textActive matter is a broad class of materials within which individual entities, the active particles, consume energy in order to perform movement. These materials are at the intersection of many distinct fields of research, such as biology, engineering, and physics, and have thus attracted considerable attention. Because of their perpetual consumption of energy, these systems are out of thermodynamic equilibrium. As a consequence they display a wealth of surprising phenomena which challenge our conception of equilibrium phases and dynamics. Among them, collective motion is particularly intriguing and exciting on multiple grounds. First because it emerges in systems with distinct length and time scales, from collections of cells to large crowds, flocks, and swarms, yet with some common characteristics. This thus suggests some sense of universality in the mechanisms leading to different collective behaviours. Second because parts of these motions display signatures shared with other equilibrium phenomena. While the latter are very diverse, ranging from the glass transition to inertial turbulence, these connections mean that a number of concepts and tools are readily available to describe out-of-equilibrium behaviours. Third because the possible applications of the understanding and control of these phenomena are far-reaching: treatment of specific pathologies, design of intelligent materials, crowd management, etc. In this Thesis, we focus on dense active matter, where the movement of individual particles is hindered by crowding effects, and aim to characterise how this competition leads to emerging collective motion. To this effect we use a simple model of two-dimensional isotropic self-propelled particles, namely active Ornstein-Uhlenbeck particles, where the departure from the equilibrium limit is controlled via the persistence time of propulsion forces. Owing to its simplicity, the phenomena described within this model have the potential to apply to a broad range of materials. We broadly map the phase behaviour of this model, from the equilibrium-like regime at small persistence to the to far-from-equilibrium regime at large persistence. We focus our efforts on the latter regime, where velocity correlations were recently shown to emerge. We demonstrate that a disordered liquid phase exists up to very large persistence, if polydispersity frustrates the ordering of the system, and that this persistent liquid displays various manifestations of disordered collective motion. First, we show that persistent systems are dynamically arrested at large packing fraction. Close to dynamical arrest, we find that the liquid displays dynamical heterogeneity similar to equilibrium dense systems. We investigate, in the idealised limit of infinite persistence, the microscopic processes leading to these heterogeneities. Then, away from dynamical arrest, we show that our model displays chaotic advection flows, as typically shown by turbulent systems. We highlight how this specific behaviour may be universal to a broader class of active systems relying on the competition of crowding and persistent forcing. Finally, in monodisperse systems which display long-range order at large packing fraction, we describe the far-from-equilibrium mechanisms leading to structural relaxation
Zakine, Ruben. "Interactions médiées dans la matière molle et tension de surface des fluides actifs." Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UNIP7080.
Full textThis thesis focuses on two topics ubiquitous in soft matter: first, mediated interactions between nano-to-micrometer sized objects, second, surface tension in out-of-equilibrium systems. The first part of this thesis is devoted to the properties of a system of particles whose interactions are mediated by a fluctuating background. We start with a nonequilibrium study and we show that the combination of mediated interactions and of the nonequilibrium drive leads to complex structures. Our predictions, beyond statistical mechanical methods, rest on extending the methods of nonlinear dynamics in pattern forming systems, to systems with a local conservation law. The second study of this part is dedicated to an equilibrium experimental system of colloidal particles embedded in lyotropic lamellar phases. Relying on a bottom-up approach, we implement the details of the interaction between each colloidal particle and each lamella to come up with an exact description of the effective force emerging between colloids. These analytical results are then used to discriminate between two types of interaction, both being possibly encountered in experiments. The second part of this thesis focuses on the notion of surface tension for interfaces involving active fluids. We will come up with a definition relating macroscopic forces to microscopic ones, either between particles or, when applicable, between particles and a confining medium. When the active fluid is in contact with a solid boundary, the solid-fluid surface tension is, in general, a more complex quantity than its equilibrium counterpart. By this we mean that its value may depend on the geometry or other details of the measuring device. We will also show that a carefully designed probe allows us to access an equation-of-state-abiding surface tension akin to its equilibrium counterpart. Liquid-vapor interfaces can also be encountered in assemblies of self-propelled particles when these undergo a motility-induced phase separation. We show also that the surface tension associated to a liquid-vapor interface possesses a mechanical definition that echoes the equilibrium one
Jorge, Camille. "Hydraulique des liquides actifs : défauts, boucles et frustration." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ENSL0027.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to determine the fundamental laws that describe the flow of active fluids confined in hydraulic networks. In the first part, I detail the experimental methods and the model system I have established. Then, by focusing on regular hydraulic networks of odd valence, I establish a direct analogy between active hydraulics and frustrated magnetism. In particular, I demonstrate why the spontaneous flows of active liquids are generally degenerate, characterized by streamlines with self-similar geometries. Through a combination of experimental and numerical studies, I link the macroscopic random geometry of the flows to the microscopic shape of the channels constituting the hydraulic network, thus proposing a minimal theoretical framework to predict and explain the structural diversity of the flows. In the third part, I extend the laws of active hydraulics to a broader class of networks. I also demonstrate how flow patterns are related to spin ice configurations and, more generally, to vertex models. These quantitative correspondences allow for a robust prediction of the flow geometry, establishing links between previously distinct areas of physics. In conclusion, I summarize my results and propose a research program aimed at improving our understanding of the flow of active matter in hydraulic networks
Mahault, Benoît. "Outstanding problems in the statistical physics of active matter." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS250/document.
Full textActive matter, i.e. nonequilibrium systems composed of many particles capable of exploiting the energy present in their environment in order to produce systematic motion, has attracted much attention from the statistical mechanics and soft matter communities in the past decades. Active systems indeed cover a large variety of examples that range from biological to granular. This Ph.D. focusses on the study of minimal models of dry active matter (when the fluid surrounding particles is neglected), such as the Vicsek model: point-like particles moving at constant speed and aligning their velocities with those of their neighbors locally in presence of noise, that defines a nonequilibrium universalilty class for the transition to collective motion. Four current issues have been addressed: The definition of a new universality class of dry active matter with polar alignment and apolar motion, showing a continuous transition to quasilong-range polar order with continuously varying exponents, analogous to the equilibrium XY model, but that does not belong to the Kosterlitz-Thouless universality class. Then, the study of the faithfulness of kinetic theories for simple Vicsek-style models and their comparison with results obtained at the microscopic and hydrodynamic levels. Follows a quantitative assessment of Toner and Tu theory, which has allowed to compute the exponents characterizing fluctuations in the flocking phase of the Vicsek model, from large scale numerical simulations of the microscopic dynamics. Finally, the establishment of a formalism allowing for the derivation of hydrodynamic field theories for dry active matter models in three dimensions, and their study at the linear level
Fodor, Etienne. "Tracking nonequilibrium in living matter and self-propelled systems." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC114.
Full textLiving systems operate far from equilibrium due to the continuous injection of energy provided by ATP supply. The dynamics of the intracellular components, such as proteins, organelles and cytoskeletal filaments, are driven by both thermal equilibrium fluctuations, and active stochastic forces generated by the molecular motors. Tracer particles are injected in living cens to study these fluctuations. To sort out genuine nonequilibrium fluctuations from purely thermal effects, measurements of spontaneous tracer fluctuations and of response are combined. We theoretically rationalize the observed fluctuations with a phenomenological model. This model, in turn, allows us to quantify the time, length and energy scales of the active fluctuations in three different experimental systems: living melanoma cells, living mouse oocytes, and epithelial tissues. Self-propelled particles are able to extract energy from their environment to perform a directed motion. Such a dynamics lead to a rich phenomenology that cannot be accounted for by equilibrium physics arguments. A striking example is the possibility for repulsive particles to undergo a phase separation, as reported in both experimental and numerical realizations. On a specific model of self-propulsion, we explore how far from equilibrium the dynamics operate. We quantify the breakdown of the irreversibility of the dynamics, and we delineate a bona fide effective equilibrium regime. Our insight into this regime is based on the analysis of fluctuations and response of the particles
Dinelli, Alberto. "Scalar active matter across scales." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris Cité, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UNIP7003.
Full textActive matter encompasses out-of-equilibrium systems whose microscopic constituents exert non-conservative self-propulsion forces on their environment. The self-organization of active units into complex structures is observed at all scales in the living world, from bacterial ecosystems to flocks of birds. Furthermore, in recent years, physicists and chemists have been able to engineer synthetic particles capable of self-propulsion, such as self-phoretic Janus colloids or Quincke rollers, thus paving the way towards the realization of smart active materials. In this regard, understanding the link between the microscopic dynamics of active particles and their large-scale properties is a crucial problem for both biology and bio-inspired engineering. In this manuscript, we bridge this gap for a number of scalar active systems, i.e. active systems where the only large-scale hydrodynamic mode is the conserved density field. In particular, a large part of the manuscript is devoted to multi-component active systems---or active mixtures---whose study is relevant to achieve more realistic descriptions of biological communities: from animal ecosystems to bacterial colonies, polydispersity is ubiquitous in living systems. The manuscript is structured as follows. In Chapter 1 we provide a methodological review of coarse-graining techniques in scalar active systems. These methods are then applied in Chapter 2 to characterize the large-scale behaviors of non-interacting active particles with different tactic mechanisms. The second part of the thesis is devoted to collective behaviors in interacting scalar active systems. In Chapter 3 we study the impact of non-reciprocal motility regulation in binary mixtures of active particles, and show how the microscopic non-reciprocity affects the macroscopic organization of the system. Following this line, in Chapter 4 we consider a bacterial ecosystem where a large number of species coexist, revealing how weak, random motility regulation can be sufficient to promote the formation of distinct bacterial communities. To conclude, in Chapter 5 we shift from biological to synthetic active matter, studying a model for self-propelled Quincke rods. In particular, we show how these rods can undergo an arrested condensation transition, where the interplay between quorum-sensing and steric repulsion is crucial to stabilize the coexisting phases
Fins, Carreira Aderito. "Matière active versus gravité : équation d’état et capillarité effectives de suspensions de particules autopropulsées." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon 1, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LYO10130.
Full textActive matter is a rapidly expanding field in recent years. It consists of entities able to use an energy source to produce local work such as self-propulsion. Such matter, by being out of equilibrium, has fascinating properties such as self-organization as seen in a flock of birds. However, active matter is not limited to biological systems. Active abiotic systems have also been developed. Indeed, during this thesis, we study a system made of self-propelled microparticles. Our objectives are to understand how they organize in the presence of gravity and in contact with a wall. Our system is made of Janus Au/Pt colloids that can self-propel in the presence of hydrogen peroxide by phoretic mechanisms. The colloids being denser than water, they form a monolayer on the bottom of their container. Provided a small tilting angle, we can observed 2D sedimentation. For colloidal systems at equilibrium, the sedimentation profile contains the equation of state of the system. For active systems, an equation of state does not exist in the general case, but analogous thermodynamic quantities can be defined. I measured the sedimentation profile of my active system and compared it to models developed for active Brownian particles in a "dry" environment (ABPs). I showed that the role of the background fluid cannot be neglected. In a second part, we studied the wetting properties of our system. Active mater is known to have effective wetting properties, yet no experimental study with a system analogous to ours has focused on the wetting phenomenon of a wall vertically immersed in a sediment. We show that an adhesion layer is formed with the density rising at the wall. To better understand the observed phenomena, we have confronted them with a numerical model of ABPs for which we can vary the interactions between the particles and the wall. By playing on the adhesion and the alignment with the wall, we are able to reproduce the experimental results. Indeed, the implementation of these interactions at the wall enables, to a certain extent, to take into account numerically the background fluid and thus the hydrodynamic and phoretic interactions that our colloids have with the wall. We thus show that these interactions greatly exacerbates the polarization of the propulsion velocity of the particles at the wall which is largely responsible for the density rise. Indeed, it is known that in the dilute and stationary regime, particles far from the wall are able to polarize against gravity. This polarization is amplified by an alignement with a vertical wall. Furthermore, the addition of an additional attraction allows particles to be more strongly trapped at the wall, and rise higher than ABPs without wall interactions would. As they rise, the particles will "evaporate" and fall away from the wall leading to global fluxes in the system. The wall acts as a pump that sets the particles in motion in the system collectively at a much larger scale than the particle. Finally, because we want to investigate the microrheology on active matter, we also present in this thesis all the updates on the design of a new magnetic microrheometer as well as the work on the stabilization of colloids on glass surfaces with the objective of designing custom imaging cells
Theurkauff, Isaac. "Collective Behavior of active colloids." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10251/document.
Full textWe study the collective behavior of an assembly of Janus Colloids. These are 1µm gold colloids with one half coated in platinum. When immersed in a peroxide bath, they self-propel, owing to diffusiophoresis and electrophoresis, moving at velocities of order 5µm/s. The velocity can be tune by adjusting the amount of peroxide in the bath. At the single particle level, the colloids undergo a persistent random walk. When in denser groups, the colloids interact through chemical and steric effects. The combination of these interactions, with the colloids activity, leads to collective effects. A dynamic cluster phase is observed, the formation of motile clusters of colloids, formed of up to 100 colloids. The clusters are in a stationary state, constantly moving, and exchanging colloids, they are also colliding, merging and breaking apart. We developed both the colloids, whose synthesis is described, and a high-throughput acquisition and analysis system. We measure the positions, and reconstruct the trajectories of thousands of colloids for a few minutes. From the trajectories, we extract statistical observables. We show that the sizes of clusters increases linearly as a function of the activity of the colloids. The probability distribution functions of sizes are power laws. As the density increases, a jamming transition is observed. The dense phase heterogeneous dynamics is characterized. We study the transition from the dense phase to a low density assembly with sedimentation experiments. The low density phase behaves as an ideal gas, allowing the definition of an effective temperature. We measure an equation of state for the system, and propose a heuristic collapse
Fersula, Jérémy. "Swarm Robotics : distributed Online Learning in the realm of Active Matter." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS494.
Full textCPUs / GPUs, it becomes technically possible to develop small robots able to work in swarms of hundreds or thousands of units. When considering systems comprised of a large number of in- dependent robots in interaction, the individuality vanishes before the collective, and the global behavior of the ensemble has to emerge from local rules. Understanding the dynamics of large number of interacting units becomes a knowledge key to design controllable and efficient robotic swarms. This topic happens to be at the core of the field of active matter, in which the sys- tems of interest display collective effects emerging from physical interactions without computation. This thesis aims at using elements of active matter to design and understand robotic collectives, interacting both at the physical level and the software level through distributed learning algorithms. We start by studying experimentally the aggregation dynamics of a swarm of small vibrating robots performing phototaxis (i.e. search of light). The experiments are declined in different confi- gurations, either ad-hoc or implementing a distributed and online learning algorithm. This series of experiments act as a benchmark for the algorithm, showing its capabilities and limits in a real world situation. These experiments are further expanded by changing the outer shape of the robots, modifying the physical interactions by adding a force re-orientation response. This additional effect changes the global dynamics of the swarm, showing Morphological Computation at play. The new dynamics is understood through a physical model of self-alignment, allowing to extend the experimental work in sillico and hint for unseen global effects in swarms of re-orienting robots. Finally, we introduce a model of distributed learning through stochastic ODEs. This model is based on the exchange of internal degrees of freedom that couples to the dynamics of the particles, equivalents in the context of learning as a set of parameters and a controller. It shows similar results in simulation as the real-world experiments and opens up a way to a large-scale analysis of distributed and online learning dynamics
Books on the topic "Matière active (physique)"
K, Poon W. C., Andelman D. 1955-, and Scottish Universities Summer School in Physics (59th : 2004 : Edinburgh, Scotland), eds. Soft condensed matter physics in molecular and cell biology. New York: Taylor & Francis, 2006.
Find full textOntario. Le curriculum de l'Ontario de la 1re à la 8e année: Éducation physique et santé. Toronto, Ont: Imprimeur de la Reine, 1998.
Find full textOntario. Le curriculum de l'Ontario 11e et 12e année: Éducation physique et santé. Toronto, Ont: Imprimeur de la Reine, 2000.
Find full textOntario. Esquisse de cours 12e année: Sciences de l'activité physique pse4u cours préuniversitaire. Vanier, Ont: CFORP, 2002.
Find full textOntario. Esquisse de cours 12e année: Vie active et santé ppl4o cours ouvert. Vanier, Ont: CFORP, 2002.
Find full textWolf, Rory A. Plastic surface modification: Surface treatment and adhesion. 2nd ed. Munich: Hanser Publishers, 2016.
Find full textOntario. Le curriculum de l'Ontario 11e et 12e année: Affaires et commerce. Toronto, Ont: Imprimeur de la Reine, 2006.
Find full textOntario. Le curriculum de l'Ontario 11e et 12e année: Sciences. Toronto, Ont: Imprimeur de la Reine, 2000.
Find full textOntario. Le curriculum de l'Ontario 11e et 12e année: Éducation technologique. Toronto, Ont: Imprimeur de la Reine, 2000.
Find full textOntario. Le curriculum de l'Ontario 11e et 12e année: Français révisé. Toronto, Ont: Imprimeur de la Reine, 2007.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Matière active (physique)"
LASOTA, Jean-Pierre. "Disques d’accrétion des AGN." In Noyaux actifs de galaxie, 105–63. ISTE Group, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.51926/iste.9087.ch3.
Full textReports on the topic "Matière active (physique)"
Descarreaux, Martin, Jacques Abboud, Vincent Cantin, Stéphane Sobczak, and Pierre-Yves Therriault. Impact des efforts physiques en milieu de travail sur le développement de la fatigue musculaire, les propriétés tissulaires et la stabilité posturale des travailleurs plus âgés : une étude de faisabilité. IRSST, August 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.70010/jgup1519.
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