Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Mathématiques – Étude et enseignement – Martinique (France)'
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Ramassamy, Mickaelle. "L'apprentissage de la construction d'une preuve mathématique dans l'enseignement supérieur aux Antilles : Une étude comparative des perceptions et des capacités des étudiants et des conceptions des enseignants." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Antilles, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ANTI1082.
Full textThe issue of French students' performance in mathematics, fueled by media coverage of the results of certain international surveys, is a topic extensively explored by research in mathematics education. In connection with this issue, we focus our attention, in this work, on a particular aspect : the learning of the mechanisms for constructing a proof between the end of secondary education and the beginning of higher education. The learning of proof in secondary education, as a transversal object of knowledge across different mathematical fields, has been the subject of numerous studies within the framework of the théorie anthropologique du didactique.These studies report difficulties faced by students both in exploiting knowledge and in implementing reasoning and syntactic procedures to produce a proof in line with the expectations of their teachers. Texts which guide mathematical teaching in secondary education specify the institution's expectations regarding the skills targeted in constructing a proof at the end of high school. In particular, the student must be able to find arguments and implement reasoning to construct a proof and then write it according to a certain formalism. In the case of higher education, course programs such as the Classes Préparatoires aux Grandes Ecoles emphasize the importance of learning proof. Likewise, the place of this object varies in the descriptions of university courses, some explicitly mentioning it as a taught object and others not mentioning it.Based on these findings from the scientific literature, we have questioned the abilities of students to construct a proof upon entry into higher education. We also investigate their perceptions of these abilities and their evolution in the first years of higher education studies. We conducted a longitudinal study between September 2019 and May 2022 to this end. The students surveyed follow a course preparing them to entry into engineering school or complete a degree in Mathematics at the French West indies University. We ask them to fill a questionnaire at the beginning of the first year then at the beginning and end of the second year. Students' perceptions of their ability to find arguments, implement reasoning, write a proof, and analyze a demonstration were questioned. This study was complemented by semi-structured interviews with teachers involved in these programs. We questioned their perceptions of their students' difficulties, their declared teaching practices, and their conceptions of the vocabulary surrounding proof.The results obtained showed that proof learning is not completed upon entry into higher education and continues during the first years. A non-homogeneous evolution of the perceptions and abilities of these students during these two years is also noted. Indeed, upon entry into higher education, the profiles of these students in terms of their perceptions and abilities were varied and are less so after two years. Moreover, students' conceptions regarding the meaning attributed to the terms hypothesis, demonstration, justification, and conjecture and their difficulties in proving a result converge with those of their teachers after two years.Furthermore, the declared practices of the teachers show, for some of them, an absence of teaching situations dedicated to reasoning. Despite this, as we indicated earlier, an overall evolution is perceived in the students' conceptions and their abilities to prove a result. Finally, the pre-eminence, declared by the teachers, of deductive reasoning in mathematical activity leads to questioning the place given to other types of reasoning, such as induction, which is commonly used in the mathematician's activity. Thus, our work seems to open up a field of study concerning the integration of other types of reasoning in higher education and the place and functions of mathematical reasoning in the master's cycle
Chardon-Isch, Nicole. "Apprentissage linguistique et intégration sociale d'écoliers étrangers à la Martinique." Antilles-Guyane, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AGUY0084.
Full textThis thesis inscribes in the wide field of didactic of languages in Martinique. How do caribean stranger children learn french, how do they live? When they arrive with one or two languages (one official and the other creole), how do they learn a third language in martinican school which hasn't resolved itself the question of bilingualism? Speaking several speeches in a country causes peculiar problems, so I shall deal of maternal tongue, of sociology and immigration, of socio lingualism, of relation with the old norms, of new standard, of linguistical problems linked with oral, of psychological problems due to child development in uneasy situations, of didactical problems of teacher's formation. All these topics are interdependent. It was necessary to take the census of population of strangers, to study what martinican think about them, and to study school official structures. We've got a moderate establishment: there is not enough welcome structures in martinican school, teachers are isolated and insufficiently prepared, there is o lack of information and evaluation about the natives languages and countries of stranger children. Some isolated initiatives and a pedagogy of linguistical variation have been tried successfully. Insertion of caribean stranger children interpellates us by it critical situation
Cabassut, Richard. "Démonstration, raisonnement et validation dans l'enseignement secondaire des mathématiques en France et en Allemagne." Paris 7, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA070014.
Full textFor the study of the proof we adapt Toulmin's theoretical frame on arguments of plausibility and arguments of necessity to Chevallard's anthropological theory of didactics. The validations of mathematic teaching are the double transposition of proofs from the mathematical institution (producing the knowledge) and validations (argumentations and proofs) from other institutions (like the "daily life"). The diachronic study of curricula of French “collège-lycée” and of German Gymnasium (in Baden-Württemberg), confirmed by the study of textbooks shows that proof is explicitly taught as opposed to the cases of Realschule and Hauptschule. These curricula advise the use of different types of validation (argumentation, proof. ) and arguments (pragmatic, semantic, syntactic) depending on the functions and when they are introduced: The influence of the functions of validation on the different types of tasks (discovering, controlling, changing registers. . . ) is also observed in lessons on proof. In spite of linguistic, institutional, and cultural difficulties in comparing France and Germany, the study of validations, of class theorems in textbooks, and of proofs produced by students, shows similarities about combining different types of arguments as well as different types of functions. Differences are observed on the types of technology and technique involved in the validation and on the weight given to different types of arguments and registers used, with an explanation related to the institutional conditions (moment of introduction, didactical contract, function, educational system. . . )
Amra, Nadia. "La transposition didactique du concept de fonction : comparaison entre les systèmes d'enseignement français et palestiniens." Paris 7, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA070047.
Full textThis curricular-type research is concerned with the didactical transposition of the concept of function at secondary teaching level in France (corresponding to 10th and 11th grades) and Palestine (10th, 11th and 12th grades). In the first part, we present our problematic, theoretical frames and methodology. The second part handles out the study of the "institutional relation" to the concept of function in each one of the two teaching systems through the analysis of syllabus and textbooks. The third part is concerned by the study of the "personal relation" of students to the same object, it corresponds to the experimental part of our research and relies on a questionnaire. This comparative study reveals the institutional organisation weight on the knowledge acquired by students. Concerning more specifically the curricular project, it brings some light on mathematical organisations relative to the mathematical theme of functions
Stölting, Pascal. "Die Entwicklung funktionalen denkens in der sekundarstufe I : vergleichende analysen und empirische studien zum mathematikunterricht in Deutschland und Frankreich." Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA070001.
Full textFunctional dependencies are experienced almost daily by everybody, but the results of many studies show that students have difficulties in dealing with problems from that domain. This thesis compares the approach of functional dependencies in France and Germany (with the example of Bavaria). In the first part functional thinking is defined in a precise way and connected to some important theoretical frameworks used in France and Germany, such as the Grundvorstellungen (vom Hofe), the registres sémiotiques (Duval) and the concept image (Vinner). The instruments necessary for the analyses of this work are also developed. The following chapters compare the programs and the school books of both countries. The goal is to clarify how the students are assisted in the development of functional thinking. After that some strong points and weak points identified in the prior analysis are detected in practice. Two different approaches are chosen to study how students use the functional thinking and which problems occur during this work: Quantitative analyses of the data from PISA and PALMA are made in order to show the relationship with the results of prior chapters. Qualitative analyses of an interview study conducted in France an Germany are made in order to document some strong points and some weak points which have been identified in preceding chapters. Finally some propositions are made on the basis of the results of this work in order to try to avoid weak points of both countries on the one hand and to benefit from the strong points on the other hand
Moussard, Guillaume. "Les notions de problèmes et de méthodes dans les ouvrages d’enseignement de la géométrie en France (1794-1891)." Nantes, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NANT2084.
Full textThis thesis systematically surveys textbooks of elementary geometry and analytic geometry published in France between 1794 and 1891 in order to identify the place of problems and methods, the challenges in introducing them, as well as the authors' arguments on the subject. The choices made are related to the institutional and mathematical contexts. This work led to identify steps towards normalization along the century of the organization of the problems in geometry textbooks, which involves the classification of different types of problems. We show how the presence of problems is related to the preparation of examinations and competitions, to educational intentions of the authors, to the idea of implementing the theory and to the idea of what is geometric activity. We also show that the methods are the focus of the attention not only of geometers, but also, to a large extent, of the teachers. We analyze how the geometrical and analytical methods are renewed in the 19th century at the same time they circulate between the books. Different underlying conceptions to the exposure of these methods are identified and throw light on the connection the authors have with the notion of generality in geometry. Finally, we analyze the nature of the relations between problems and methods in our textbooks, and the changes in their interactions over the century
Ligozat, Florence. "Un point de vue de didactique comparée sur la classe de mathématiques : étude de l'action conjointe du professeur et des élèves à propos de l'enseignement , apprentissage de la mesure des grandeurs dans des classes françaises et suisses romandes." Aix-Marseille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX1A115.
Full textChandler, Charles. "Étude des points de vue de professeurs de l'enseignement supérieur en France sur les mathématiques appliquées, les mathématiques fondamentales, l'enseignement des fonctions et des distributions." Paris 5, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA05H123.
Full textOur thesis relates to the teaching of mathematics in the Schools of engineers within the framework of lesson on the functions and the distributions. To support our hypothesis, we present the historical context of mathematics applied to engineering studies and the invention of the distributions. On those premises, we examine the positioning of mathematicians in the course of history on the differentiation between applied and fundamental mathematics. Chevallard's anthropology of didactics serves as a reference point as well as a theoretical framework for our analysis on the relationship between professors and their institutions and / or training centers for engineers. Our conclusions are based on the contents of the interviews with professors from engineering schools and on the comparative studies of their courses with those of Schwartz. For them, the contents of applied and fundamental mathematics overlap to the extent that they sometimes refer to it as "mixed mathematics". The teaching of the distributions is essential for engineers in order to solve EDP equations. Modeling is also a tool allowing engineers to apply mathematics to reality
Malonga, Moungabio Fernand. "Interactions entre les mathématiques et la physique dans l'enseignement secondaire en france : cas des équations différentielles du premier ordre." Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA070026.
Full textThe French mathematics curriculum encourages strongly the mathematics and physics teachers of upper Sixth to cooperate in the teaching of differential equations. This fact has led us to take an interest in the teaching of this theme in both matters. In this aim, we were driven to characterize the viability of a synergy between mathematics and physics in terms of didactical continuity. Taking former researches about interactions between mathematics and physics teaching as a basis, we have organized our research around some specific questions, namely: How do differential equations appear in mathematics and physics textbooks? Does a didactical continuity exist between the two matters and, if yes, in which form? Is the Euler method a theme able to foster this didactical continuity? How do the teachers perceive this didactic continuity and put it into play? Our research showed that the didactical continuity that could be expected from official injunction is far from being assured and encounters many difficulties, as an analysis of textbooks brings it to the fore. Moreover, studying how they deal with the Euler method shows that the two curricula ignore completely each other, to such extent that they give the impression that there are indeed two different methods of Euler, according to the matter. To end with, the study of the answers given by teachers of both matters to a questionnaire confirms the difficulties of implementing a didactical continuity and allows identify some reasons for it
Dahan, Maurice. "Eléments de psychogénétique pour l'analyse et la conception de situations didactiques en classe de mathématique à l'école primaire." Nantes, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012NANT3029.
Full textMalafosse, Didier. "Contribution à l'analyse et à la modélisation des processus de conceptualisation en inter-didactique des mathématiques et de la physique : exemple de la loi d'Ohm." Montpellier 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MON20143.
Full textŎzdemir, Erdoğan Emel. "Pratiques d'enseignants de mathématiques en environnement technologique : l'intégration du tableur dans l'enseignement des suites en Première littéraire." Paris 7, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA070031.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the teachers' practices in a technological environment. It aims at contributing to the dimension of ' teacher' research on the integration of technologies in the teaching of mathematics. The dimension, which bas developed recently, aims to take into account the difficulties that this integration meets. On the basis of the results of previous research, we have defined two axes for our field of study: the complexity of the situations of integration of technological tools for the teacher and the variability of the practices. According to these axes, our idea is that the teachers' classroom management is deeply marked by the constraints and opportunities of the technological tools. The phenomena which results from this, brings into play - in an overlapping way- the factors relating to the situation and the teacher, and the variation of these factors determine the variability of the practices. For our observations, we decided to observe the teachers in ordinary conditions teaching the "séquence" in the llth grade, literary stream. In this class, the official texts impose the use of technological tools, in particular, a spreadsheet and this is taken into account in the final secondary school examination - baccalauréat. The spreadsheet is initially presented like a tool for teaching at the high school. Then, significant place is accorded to the analysis of the teachers' practices observed and to their evaluation practices. A comparison of the practices, using a theoretical model (known as the Saxe' s model) is finally proposed in order to interpret these practices more finely and to give an account of their variability
Lakkis, Ghazi al. "Les automatismes dans le calcul algébrique en classe de seconde." Paris 7, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA07F015.
Full textGamory-Dubourdeau, Florence. "Vers une approche culturelle professionnalisante en autonomie guidée, l'apprentissage des langues-cultures étrangères à l'Institut de mathématiques appliqueées de l'Université catholique de l'Ouest d'Angers." Paris 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA030129.
Full textThis thesis attempts to find a solution to the inefficient teaching of foreign languages in the Institute of applied mathematics, in which students are trained to become engineers in mathematics. The analysis of the numerous failures, expressed by a chronic absenteeism, a lack of implication and the poor standard of the students' level enabled me to identify the problem : a global discrepancy between the institute's objectives on one hand, the students' expectations and potentialities and the means given on the other hand. A research of the real justification for a learning project in foreign cultures and languages in I. M. A. , a thinking on the concepts of potentialities, constructive dialogue, learning in autonomy and a study of the potential approaches anabled me to create a referential framework conceived as a professionalizing cultural approach in guided autonomy. This framework is a didactic and socio-cultural environment, in which building the group project, according to everybody's potentialities and the institutional limits. .
El, Mouhayar Rabih. "Etude des pratiques d'enseignement des mathématiques au niveau de l'école moyenne (11-15) dans le cas de l'algèbre en France et au Liban." Lyon 2, 2007. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2007/el-mouhayar_r.
Full textOur study concerns the characterization of professional practices of mathematics teachers during the phases of correction related to algebraic expressions at grade 7 in Lebanon and grade 8 in France. Our research focused on the way teachers organize these correction phases, concerning both mathematics knowledge and interactions with students. We also looked for regularities of a teacher practice. We studied official curricula and mathematics textbooks related to the intermediate classes. We elaborated and analyzed two questionnaires : the first one is for the students and concerns the terms used for calculating algebraic expressions and their validation procedures. The second one is for the teachers and concerns terms used and the analysis of students mistakes. We also videotaped two classes in each country during the whole sequence "algebraic expressions". Our theoretical framework includes the anthropological theory of didactics (Chevallard, 1999). We studied the types of tasks "develop, reduce algebraic expressions", in relation with the actual techniques in France and in Lebanon. We showed that the teachers put forward very few theoretical elements enabling to justify techniques. Students are thus not prepared to implement sufficient control procedures. We showed some regularities in practices for each of the four professors both in their organization of the knowledge to be taught during the whole sequence and the management of validity of answers and students interactions
Préveraud, Thomas. "Circulations mathématiques franco-américaines : transferts, réceptions, incorporations et sédimentations (1815-1876)." Nantes, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014NANT3015.
Full textAt the beginning of the nineteenth century, Harvard College, West Point Military Academy and other american institutions teaching, producing and diffusing scientific knowledge sought to reform and modernize their curricula which had failed to keep up with the developing needs of scholars, scientists and engineers. To achieve this, they broke withtraditional educatioanl practices informed by english contents, pedagogical methods and media of diffusion and sought inspiration from french textbooks and school structures. However, the introduction of these new practices represented a rupture in learning methods. To minimize this change, American mathematicians adapted french mathematics, making them more relevant to local uses. As a consequence, in the following decades the United States became the meeting and mixing place of two mathematical styles that barely interacted in Europe. These mutual transformations produced new and original knowledge, which had the potential to be communicated back to France in a process of backward circulation. The ongoing scientific exchange was enabled by the articulation of complementary activities of American institutions (universities, learned societies, journals) and also by diverse individuals at local and international levels. The contribution these librarians, booksellers, students and travelers made to the material process of the transfer of knowledge is highlighted in this thesis. This study of mathematical exchanges between France and the United States therefore investigates te building of mathematics as a discipline, by analysing multiple sources and historical approaches, in order to better understand the complex and interactive processes through which an American research and scientific curriculum emerged
Guiet, Jeanne-Gabrielle. "La division : une longue souffrance." Paris 5, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA05H064.
Full textDoing a division calculation is a target which comes up against obstacles linked with the meaning of the operational technique itself. This research aims to determine the origins and the nature of the most frequent mistakes in order to analyze the procedures used by pupils when they have to divide we will examine how the pupils interpret the learning of this operation. How the meanings are related themselves, and how they evolve. Our objective is to determine how the choice of different divisions makes it possible to check the mental processes of the pupils and to understand the meaning that they give to these calculations. The exploration of the areas to which the mathematical concepts belong will be done according to the classification and reflection on the meaning that the children give to their knowledge of the algorithm. Our study of the history of division allows us to distinguish a whole series of epistemological obstacles which come in the way of the establishment of this notion: division is a difficult algorithm. Which builds up strong "schemes" in children's minds, and continues to reveal itself through mistakes certain of which are recurrent. The epistemological obstacles which are of interest for teaching are those which now seem unavoidable either because the obstacle is inevitably constructed by the pupils during his cognitive development, or because it must be taught, to serve as a support for future knowledge. History shows how slow and difficult this construction has been and the resistance it has come up against. We also attempt to clarify how the concept comes from; and we’ve come up with a more or less plausible answer, without knowing how to go about finding a true answer. To simplify this situation we can say that this shows simultaneous coexistence of several perspectives
Chambris, Christine. "Relations entre les grandeurs et les nombres dans les mathématiques de l'école primaire : Evolution de l'enseignement au cours du 20e siècle : connaissances des élèves actuels." Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA070034.
Full textDuring the last 150 years, relationships between quantifies and numbers have deeply changed in academic mathematics, taught mathematics, and in everyday life. We want to understand these relationships at french primary school in mathematics education nowadays and foresee other possibilities for the future. Our framework is the anthropological theory of the didactic (Chevallard). We have particularly developed the study of the teaching of metrical System, System of place value for whole numbers and links between both; and started the study of relationships between calculation (meaning, rules of calculation, types of numbers) and quantifies (notably length and diagrams with dimensions). Our study is developing into three directions which echo one to another: -links between quantifies, numbers, calculation and everyday life pratice before the reform of modem mathematics; breaks the reform caused in these links. Our analysis is based on a corpus of texts made up of national curriculum and textbooks mainly from 2nd and 3rd grades, over the 20th century; - academic mathematical knowledge. On the one hand, we want to identify transposed knowledge at several periods, on the other hand, we want to identify conditions for mathematical theories (possibly to be written) which could be used as reference for the teaching of quantifies, numbers and calculation. For that, we take into account mathematical and didactical needs: notably tasks, rationales of rules for students, consistency of knowledge, continuity of learning; -knowledge of present students (277 on 5th grade). We want to better define some potential breaks and gaps highlighted with studies of links and academic knowledge
Cho, Heeyean. "Le début de l'apprentissage des nombres : comparaison entre la France et la Corée : observation de dyades parent-enfant dans un contexte de jeu (jeu de la marchande)." Paris 5, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA05H067.
Full textThe international investigations showing important differences of performance in the field of mathematics, this thesis provides comparative data for two countries, Korea and France, which contrast well from this point of view. The comparison relates to the beginnings of the use of the numbers in contexts of interaction between parent and child at pre-school age are based on the idea that the family contributes to transmit values associated with knowledge; these values are supposed to be determining for the later investment of the children in the school apprenticeships. Ten dyads Korean parent-child were video-taped in a context of game ("merchandising game") suitable for inducing all kinds of numerical activities (enumeration, labelling, notation of the quantities and prices, meeting of collections, etc). The children (boys and girls) are aged from 3 to 6 years-old. Ten comparable French dyads according to parent's and children's gender (boy/girl; father/mother) and to the socio-economic level are used as reference for the comparison. The data are analyzed from the point of view of the activities suggested to the child by the adult and of the knowledge concerning the way in which the adult develops what the child makes. These data provide a sight of the differences related to the mathematical activities at pre-school age in the two countries
Chesnais, Aurélie. "L' enseignement de la symétrie axiale en sixième dans des contextes différents : les pratiques de deux enseignants et les activités des élèves." Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA070074.
Full textIn this research we analyze two mathematics teachers' practices on axial symmetry in tenth-grade classes (10-11 year old children) over the same school year. One of them teaches in a school with underprivileged students (called "ZEP" ) with area targeted for special help in education, and the other one works in an ordinary school. We study the teaching/learning process by analyzing both the students' productions at tests sessions - according to the scenario - and the actual session during class - as well as the logic behind the teachers' action according to the social and institutional constraints. The theoretical frame of the "double approach" - didactical and psychological approach of the teachers' practices (Robert & Rogalski, 2002) - involving the "theory of activity" - was used to conduct the study. We have shown important differences between scenarios and classes management. To say it quickly, the "ordinary" teacher seems give more attention on his scenario's coherence and students' conceptual learning. A new experiment was set in the next year of the first one which let us complete these first comparisons: the scenario conceived firstly for the regular class was proposed to the second teacher to implement it in his new class. The outcomes of this experiment have shown some major evolutions, with actual progress of the ZEP's students. This allows us to precise our analysis of the teachers' practices by giving a more accurate view of the parts respectively played by the personal aspects and the various constraints. Furthermore we begin to tackle the question of the development of mathematics teachers' practices and of the way of studying it
Araya-Chacon, Andrea-Maria. "La gestion de la mémoire didactique par le professeur dans l'enseignement secondaire des mathématiques : étude du micro-cadre institutionnel en France et au Costa Rica." Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/187/.
Full textThis thesis analyse the teachers' didactic memory management in mathematics' class: the management of phenomenons that take back to the indexing on the time of the objets of knowledge and the rapports to these objets of persons or institutions. Two hypotheses are worked on: in managing memory the teacher lean on the elements of the "institutional micro-famework of memory" considered as an institutional referential system of pupils and teacher didactic past; the opération of each institution-class provokes effets on the mémorial management carry out in class. The thesis thus situates itself within an anthropological of knowledge approach and bases itself on the analyses of scholar studies practices of pupils organised and supervised by teachers. A typologie composed by nine "memorial gesture" is proposed: gestures that are settled by the "memorial support" that the request and other related to the re-interrogations or re-organisations of persals' pupils rapports to the knowdlegde objets. These "memorial support" are systematized on the "micro-framework of memory" model articulated into three dimensions: temporary, positionnary and the ones related to the objets and rapports of these objets belong to the class cognitif univers. In the last part, the thesis approaches the effects that the organisation of the study, the didactical contrats and the dominant epistemological theories of the mathematical activity in class may induce on memory management by teachers
Sensevy, Gérard. "Institutions didactiques, régulation, autonomie : une étude des fractions au cours moyen." Aix-Marseille 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1995AIX10002.
Full textA longitudinal teaching experiment was conducted with forth and fifth graders. The researcher was the teacher of the experimental class. The students participated in two specially designed activities, in: the production of fractions problems, by using a specific typology, and by producing and observing a set of criterias. The aim of such an activity was the improvement of the students conceptual and epistemological reflexion, and their change from a waiting position, passive, to a devolution position. So, they have to accept the responsability for sharing the teaching intention. A special work in the "journal of fractions", devoted to link the students activity to the progress of the institutional time. So, the students had to be able to become chronogenetic, i. E to propose to the class useful contributions to tackle new topics of curriculum, in an emblematisation process, which contributed to build the didactic memory of the class. These two activities constituted phenomenotechnic instruments, intendent to produce empiric facts, and to favorise the understanding of learning-teaching practices. On an other hand, they were considered as institutions, where teacher's and students's work allowed them to elaborate together new relations to the mathematical objects. So, classroom interactions were organised in order to built a mutual meaning system, grounded on appropriate semiotic tools. Such interactions necessitated a negotiation of new social norms, and the inculcation of new "dispositions" which demanded accurate gestures by the teacher. A new didactic contract, for the teacher and for the students, was determinated
Le, Van Tien. "Étude didactique de liens entre fonctions et équations dans l'enseignement des mathématiques au lycée en France et au Viêt-nam." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001GRE10058.
Full textBoulabiar-Kerkeni, Ahlem. "Notions et modèles fondateurs de la connaissance des élèves et des étudiants en oxydoréduction." Lyon 2, 2004. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2004/kerkeni_a.
Full textAlaouf, Mohamed Ghassan. "L'enseignement des nombres relatifs : évolution curriculaire dans les pays du Golfe et en France : étude comparative et propositions didactiques." Rouen, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ROUEL556.
Full textThis report looks at current teaching of relative numbers within secondary education. It concentrates on the difficulties found within the conceptual and structural fields of addition and multiplication, and thus poses the question of how best to instruct. Given the above, it was decided to study and report on, the teaching methods organised within both the French and Saudi Arabian school syllabus. Research was focused on the contents of both systems' school textbooks and relative programmes to discern common and alternative expectations within the two institutions. This also involved a thorough and analytical reading of the contents of the official texts and handbooks dealing with the teaching of relative numbers and the related activities (in particular, addition and multiplication). At the same time, an analysis of tests undertaken by pupils aged between 11-14 in both countries provided important information highlighting the various difficulties relating to the teaching and understanding of relative numbers
Ureña-Rib, Pedro. "Cultures creoles et enseignement de langues dans la caraibe representations et images reciproques : le cas de la republique dominicaine et de la martinique." Antilles-Guyane, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AGUY0019.
Full textThe countries of the caribbean are characterised by a linguistic diversity varying from european languages in their continental guise (spanish, french, dutch and english) through + caribbean standard ; varieties of the same languages (dominican, cuban or puerto rican spanish, jamaican or trinidadian english, etc. ) to creoles that have evolved on a french or portuguese lexical base. Caribbean cultures show the same pattern. On a basis derived predominantly from the colonial power, the former colonies have fashioned for themselves cultures known as "creole" language teaching can be a means of instilling attitudes of tolerance and facilitating links of co-operation and exchange among citizens of the various countries of the region with their legacy of mutual animosity and prejudice inherited from the former metropolitan countries (britain, spain, france and netherlands). Effective intercultural teaching must start from a cultural profile of the learners and an understanding of cultures of which the target language(s) is/are the expression. Thus, through discourse analysis applied to utterances of young grammar-school (lycee) pupils, and students of the university in martinique and the dominican republic, this study examines the image of the two peoples as conceived by some of their inhabitants. This also entails an examination of the socio-historical context from which these representations spring. The study is based on the following hypothesis: 1. Comparison of notional networks in the discourse of dominicans and martinicans, which transcend linguistic differences, reveals their image of caribbean man. 2. Study of corpora obtained from questionnaires enables the subjects' conception of the human being to be deduced. 3. The quantitative and relative importance of the notional sets that emerge from the discourse, which is limited to french and spanish, reveals the strengths and values of the "caribbean civilisation" in terms of its conception of humanity
Souchard, Laurent. "Les logiciels tuteurs fermés: institutions d'apprentissage et d'enseignement ? : le cas du début du secondaire." Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA070030.
Full textClosed Tutors Software or CTS are used in classrooms in many schools in mathematics. To analyze their potential role in the school, we have built a model based on the notion of institution, central to the Anthropological Theory of Didactics, defined by us, based on criteria of social reality, legitimacy, stability and specificity. To understand whether CTS can be used as an institution of teaching and learning, each of four software in our study has been fully inspected by an expert whose captures videos allow us some comparisons with the work of students our experiment. The decryption of all data was conducted using a software analysis of behavior, the Observer from Noldus. More specifically, with regard to mathematics learning, we chose to analyze how the four CTS offer numeracy, whether arithmetic, numerical or algebraic. For this, the theoretical framework developed by Houdement and Kuzniak for learning geometry has been extended including the notions of paradigm and workspace. The tests we conducted we have shown that CTS of our study can hardly be used as an autonomous institution of the regular classroom which is the primary institution. But their use can be valued for student learning by creating parallel institutions adapted
Gosztonyi, Katalin. "Traditions et réformes de l’enseignement des mathématiques à l’époque des ‘mathématiques modernes’ : le cas de la Hongrie et de la France." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC314.
Full textIn my thesis, I compare the reform of mathematics education introduced by Tamás Varga in Hungary during the 1960s and ‘70s to the French reform of the period, the “mathématiques modernes”. After studying the historical context, and the epistemological background of the reforms, I analyse them using different didactical frameworks: the structure and the content of the curricula with the help of the ecological approach and on the notion of paradigms of geometry and of probability; for the analysis of the expected teaching practices, the theory of didactical situations. The comparative study shows that even if some common elements, coming probably from the common international context can be found, some essential differences can also be observed between the two reforms. These differences can partly be explained by differences in the epistemological background: the “bourbakian” approach on one hand, the “heuristic” on the other serve as mathematical paradigms, influencing different characteristics of the two reforms. A comparison of Varga’s and Brousseau’s experimental project from the 1970s using the terms of the TDS contribute to a better description of Varga’s conception but lead in the same time to questioning the transmissibility of didactical theories from one context to the other
Chesné, Jean-François. "D' une évaluation à l'autre : des acquis des élèves sur les nombres en sixième à l'élaboration et à l'analyse d'une formation d'enseignants centrée sur le calcul mental." Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA070013.
Full textFor 25 years, national assessments show recurring findings on what students have acquired or not in mathematics at the end of primary school. One may wonder about the contributions of these outcomes for teaching, and their potential impact on the practices of teachers in grade 6. This led us to formulate hypotheses on the origin of these findings and develop an experimental teacher training scheme called "PACEM" in which standardized assessments have dual status as information carriers as well as training tools. Then we set up a special training scheme which explicitly aims to improve the acquired skills of students whose teachers have been trained in the field of numbers and arithmetic at the outset of lower secondary school. This thesis aims to describe and analyze the whole process from the perspective of the researcher. After questioning what standardized national assessments can provide in the studied area, we use the theory of activity and didactical tools in mathematics education that we adapt (Robert & Rogalski, 2002) to make a number of assumptions about teacher training and mental calculation to develop with grade 6 students. In a third step, we explore how the experimental design was implemented in distancing ourselves from our activity as designer and tramer. Finally, through a specific assessment protocol, we analyze the results of the experiment, positive in many ways, by comparing the results of the students involved and student control groups
Orsola-Mangiante, Christine. "Une étude de la genèse des pratiques de professeurs des écoles enseignant les mathématiques : prédétermination et développement." Paris 7, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA070056.
Full textThis research observes how the practices of three primary school teachers form and stabilize, during their year of vocational training then during their first tenure year of practicing, thanks to an original methodology which borrows from didactics of mathematics and from cognitive ergonomics. The finalized model of analysis allows to describe the teacher's activity as a process of modifications of the prescribed task. The study of sessions performed within the framework of the workshops on analysis of professional practices (training device centred on the analysis of beginner teacher's actual practices) completed by the study of the sessions led during the first year of practice. Reports the personal trajectory of each concerned teachers and allows approaching the coherence in germ in their practices. This coherence shows itself through "intra - personal" regularites in the way of modifying the task prescribed at various levels (the level of representation, that of redefining and that of realization of the task). From the elaboration of the project until its implementation, every teacher draws information. The way each of the three teachers takes into account and analyzës the three sources of helps and constraints that are the institutional prescriptions, the teacher's activity and the pupil's activity characterize the practices of each one. The analysis of the evolution of the observed practices allows a better understanding of how these practices are marked by predetermined elements which condition the activity of the teacher but also her or his evolution
Adel, Fadhel. "Enseigner les isométries en terminale math en Tunisie : une étude comparée du manuel officiel et de pratiques d'enseignants en classe : régularités et conséquences." Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA070004.
Full textIn this thesis we analyze the practices of three teachers in terminal math in Tunisia on the chapter "Euclidean plane isometrics" comparing between them, scenarios and workflows from the video recordings of each of the three teachers along the entire chapter. Analysis of the last five programs to get an idea about the tendency o the current program. Then the reconstitution of the scenario of the 'unique' manual, from the detailed study of its Course and Tasks parts, allowed determining how this scenario has influenced the practices of the three teachers in its structure, its choices, its way of attending mathematics and even in its level of rigour required. There are other alternatives that we have highlighted in comparison with the scenario of a French manual on the same theme in a similar program (prior). Some findings about learners' feedbacks are noteworthy, as well perspectives on how to devise manuels and ongoing teacher training are highly expected
Romo-Vazquez, Avenilde. "La formation mathématique des futurs ingénieurs." Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA070029.
Full textThe place to be given to mathematics in the preparation of engineers for meeting their professional needs is the aim of our research, which relies on the anthroplogical theory of didactics. The text of the thesis begins by an historical enquiry relying on the history of the Ecole Polytechnique and on the activities of the CIEM (ICMI), since its creation at the beginning of 20th century. This enquiry evidences the tension between theory and practice underlying the. First models of preparation et the debates this tension generated. Then, a survey of research devoted to the mathematical preparation of engineers and to their professional practices allows us to situate our problematics in the current context. We thus use the following of professional projects organized in the frame of a preparation of "ingénieurs-maîtres" at the University Professional Institute in Evry, along two years, and the detailed analysis of three of these projects for understanding the mathematical needs that students face in such projects and how they cope with these. Finally, we analyze the choice made in different automatic and mathematics courses for the teaching of the Laplace transform, a notion used in one of the projects. The mathematical praxeologies we focus on live in different institutions, mathematics, intermediary disciplines, practice, which serve as references for didactical institutions. Relying on the tools of the anthropological theory of didactics, our work is thus an example of study of transpositive phenomena due to the circulation of knowledge between institutions
Wang, Chongyang. "An investigation of mathematics teachers' documentation expertise and its development in collectives : two contrasting cases in China and France." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEN013/document.
Full textIn a time of fast technology development and frequent curriculum reform, the abundance of instructional resources brings teachers both chances and new complexity. This study aims at exploring mathematics teachers’ expertise required for, and developed in, interacting collectively with resources. Since expertise is contextualized, this research is designed as case study in two contrasting contexts (China and France). Based on Documentational Approach to Didactics and Cultural-historical Activity Theory, the study proposes a framework of mathematics teachers’ expertise interacting with resources, which is named as Documentation Expertise (DE). Efforts are made in two steps: a first DE framework based on literature review and pilot study, a refined framework after two contrasting cases analysis. Three questions are explored: How to define DE? How is DE developed through collective work? What can be learnt for developing DE through the two cases? The study is based on a methodology of reflective investigation, and adapts tools of interviews, observation and video analysis.It proposes some main results: (1) DE is evidenced from (i) a static dimension on resource system’s structure and components, DE develops in deliberately keeping the resource system lived by bridging resource design with considerations on didactics, curriculum and students; (ii) a dynamic dimension on schemes in resource system maintenance and documentation work, DE develops in integrating the resources with a broad view in searching, critical attitude in selecting, flexible way in adapting, and automatically habit in accumulating. (2) Collective work benefits DE development, especially collective lesson design, where resources and the schemes of usage are discussed concerning specific situations. (3) Implications are drawn concerning institutional construction of teacher collective work (Chinese case), and high-quality online-resources (French case)
在科技迅速发展,课程改革频仍的时代,教学资源的极大丰富为教师的课程设计同时带来机遇和挑战。本研究围绕数学教师在文献纪录工作中的专长,旨在探索此种专长的成分构成及其集体工作环境下的发展路径。鉴于教师专长的情境性,本研究选择案例研究的方式对中法两组案例进行探索。基于教学的文献纪录法和文化历史活动两个理论框架,本研究提出了数学教师文献纪录专长的概念,意为数学教师在调用资源时所需要和发展而来的专长。研究工作分两步进行:通过文献梳理和预研究提出初步的文献纪录专长框架,再通过中法案例对初步框架进行修正补充,最终提出改进版的文献纪录专长框架。研究问题有三:何为文献纪录专长?文献纪录专长怎样在集体工作中得到发展?通过中法案例研究,在该专长的获得与发展方面可以为我们带来哪些启发?本研究采用反思性调查法,具体研究工具包括访谈法,自然观察法和视频分析法。研究结果如下:(1) 文献纪录专长可从静态和动态两个维度进行调查和表征:静态维度指资源系统的结构和成分,该专长主要体现在教师在教学资源的有意设计、组织、整理和积累中综合考量数学学科、教学法、课程和学生等要素;动态维度包括资源系统的管理维护,资源工作过程中对资源的开放式搜索、批判性选择、灵活修改与应用,以及自动化的资源归纳与积累习惯。(2) 集体工作有助于文献纪录专长的发展,尤其在集体备课活动中,针对具体情境下所需资源和应用图式的头脑风暴式讨论对参与教师获益均甚。(3) 中法案例对照下,也有一些针对制度环境的启发,例如中国案例中的教师集体工作制度系统,以及法国案例中的高质量网络资源建设。
Allier, Agnès. "La construction de l'identité opératoire chez des enfants de CE1 : d'une taxinomie de l'identité figurative à l'identité opérative pour la mise en place d'un diagnostic." Lyon 2, 2001. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2001/allier_a.
Full textThe aim of this research is to understand how pupils defined as "being without learning disabilities", suddenly do not adapt when faced with the demands imposed by the CE1 (7 years-olds). The CE1, trough the impossibility of certain pupils to solve the new situations proposed wrill reveal, by plan of the performances, a dysfunction in the level of the competencies. We assume the hypothesis that the increasing importance accorded to various quantitative techniques (mumbers, length etc) require the acquisition of an operative reasoning following the development of the cognitive structures genesis. We have performed this study in the theorectic field of cognitive psychology and we have leaned on the work of J. Piaget and his collaborators. We have used some piagetian lasks to establish our manipulation, wich enabled the collection of data. This data is analyzed according to several aspects : the centralization of the difference-ressemblance, of the object or its criteria of the subject-object-transformation, of the perception-evocation-transformation, the causation, the three arguments of conservation. Thus we obtain various taxonomies that we organize genetically into a model that allows to situate pupils in disabilities while situating their thinking processes. This study should allow the possibility of setting up remedial as well as preventive actions
Ngoua, Ella Cyrrus. "Connaissances mobilisées par les élèves du secondaire dans le domaine des fonctions, approche comparative entre la France et l'Afrique francophone." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UBFCD066.
Full textThis thesis in mathematics deals with the notion of function. Indeed, we are interested in the knowledge mobilized, knowledge used, by secondary school students, in France and in French-speaking Africa, in front of tasks related to functions according to three points of view: didactic, epistemological and cognitive. In the first part, the thesis studies the way functions are given to us through The history of this concept based on the article The Concept of Function up to the Middle of the 19th Century by Professor A.P YOUSCHKEVITCH:logic modern mathematics has discovered difficulties for a universal, non-algorithmic definition of a function. In a second part, we ask ourselves the question of what can students do with functions? Why this question ? Indeed, the concept of function occupies an important place in the school programs as well as in each of the mathematics tests, especially in the baccalaureate. In our capacity as teachers, we wanted to understand what can explain the failure of students in the mathematics test in secondary school. In order to better understand what can explain the phenomena observed in secondary school students when solving tasks related to the notion of function, we decided to start from a corpus built according to the formulation of Elena Tognini-Bonelli. From the analysis of this corpus of student tasks and activities on the student side, on the teacher side and on the institution side, it emerges that: the definition of the concept of function is not assimilated by secondary school students; they have arrived at an algorithmic level of the use of functions; Entry by tasks is best suited for teaching functions; the conformity of seeing f or f(x) in a table, etc. We have recalled beforehand the results of work prior to ours in relation to the teaching of the notion of function
Lataillade, Gilles. "L'activité des professeurs de mathématiques dans les dispositifs d'aide en classe de sixième : Analyse didactique et analyse du travail : quelles conditions pour un dialogue ?" Aix-Marseille 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AIX10067.
Full textMegie, Preslet. "Contextualisation didactique et enseignement de l'EPS en Haïti et en Martinique aux deux premiers cycles de l'école fondamentale et à l'école élémentaire : analyse comparée des systèmes d'enseignement et des interactions didactiques dans le cadre d'une approche socio-didactique." Thesis, Antilles, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ANTI0250/document.
Full textThis thesis highlights two systems of school education within a single discipline of teaching (PES) through a comparative analysis. This research shows the convergent and divergent, points to study teaching and contextualizing acts and analyse the specificities of didactic interaction in the two territories. All this is so focused on this issue of study: "what are the specific effects of context on the evolution of knowledge in the classroom and on the conditions of their transmission.The main results are processed and analysed at two levels: macro and micro. For the macro, it is a comparative analysis of systems of school education and the organization of the PE in Haiti and Martinique based on different elements: the organization of schooling, the major educational reforms, the educational profile of teachers of the first two cycles of the fundamental school and elementary school, PE programs and physical, sports and artistic activities proposed. For the micro, it is a comparative analysis based on the curriculum said (before and after interviews) and the real curriculum (filmed lessons).This work of data collection is done in eight schools for a total of thirty classes, sixteen by territory. The selected levels are the 1st, 3rd, 5th and 6th fundamental years in Haiti and CP, CE2, CM1 and CM2 in Martinique. The distinction between macro-level and micro-level focuses on the contextual component of our study Thus, the macro is interested in the effects of the context and the microphone to the effects of context
Renaud, Hervé. "La fabrication d'un enseignement de l'analyse pour l'enseignement secondaire en France au XIXè siècle : acteurs, institutions, programmes et manuels." Thesis, Nantes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NANT4079/document.
Full textDifferential and integral calculus has been taught at theÉcole Polytechnique since its creation in 1794. But thedifferent conceptions of the calculus principles led tochanges in curriculum and teaching. Rapidly, theelements of calculus were taught in the main preparatoryclasses to the entrance examination to the ÉcolePolytechnique. The notion of derivative functionappeared in the curriculum of this examination in 1851,consecrating then a common practice. During thefollowing half century, pressure of teachings in thepreparatory classes, whose tracks are found intextbooks, led to changes in the curriculum. Authors, whowere simultaneously professors in preparatory classes,assessors at the entrance examination to the ÉcolePolytechnique and the École Normale Supérieure andteachers in these schools, published textbooks whosecontents surpassed the official curriculum and initiateddebates. Thus, at the end of the 1880’s, irrationalnumbers construction, notions on set theory andRiemann's integral were present in textbooks dedicatedto the preparatory classes. Some of those contents wereintegrated to the curriculum. The arithmetical foundationsof Analysis considered too abstract caused in 1896 thesuppression of the notion of definite integral introduced inthe curriculum in 1885. The study over half a century ofinteractions between curricula, textbooks and teachers ofthe different orders of education allows to understand theintroduction of the derivative function in 1891 in the lastgrade of modern education, considered at that time as asecond-class teaching, then in 1902 in the classicaleducation
Frutuoso, Maria Nubia. "Réformes de l'éducation et impacts sur la formation des enseignants et leurs pratiques pédagogiques en salle de classe : le cas de l'enseignement des mathématiques au Brésil et en France." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2008LYO20076/document.
Full textOur research aimed at analyzing the impacts of education reforms involving formation and pedagogical practice of elementary and middle school teachers which have taken place both in Brazil and in France from the nineties. More specifically, we have centered in three aspects: first, analyzing the general formation profile that has been demanded for teachers by education policies in both contexts; second, identifying the concrete challenges that teachers from elementary school face in order to develop their work in the classroom; and third, finding out the way mathematical knowledge is treated and interdisciplinarity
Landelle, Jean-François. "L'auto-organisation en formation : essai sur la didactique des mathematiques." Lyon 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LYO20040.
Full textThe thesis is made up of two parts, respectivaly headed practician knowledge and didactician knowledge, a problematic. . . And practice of a reflexive didactics. The first part opens a reflection on the places and the parts pratician knowledge and didactician knowledge can hold. Indeed, for a few years, the didactics of mathematics, which rose inside the scientific institution, has been starting to think the didactician system (teacher, pupil, knowledge) as a subject to study. It intends thus to set up an autonomous theorical field and therefore it does not hesitate to borrow concepts and procedures to close fields such as epistemology, genetic psychology and the history of mathematics. But, because of its registration in a scientific pattern of knowledge, the didactician's procedure causes a dissociation between theory and practice and didactes the teacher the superiority of the searcher above the practician "in the field". Then, the question is to know if didactics answers the mathematics teacher's problematic with the current positive problematization of the teaching situation. Actually, the thesis demonstrates how the didactician's speech cannot escape from rethorics and suggests a plural approach to the didactics of mathematics. The question of the formation in the teaching situation changes the "problem-space" of didactics and leads to understand didactics as a construct dialectically supported by practician knowledge and didactician knowledge. (. . . )
Bridoux, Stéphanie. "Enseignement des premières notions de topologie à l'université - Une étude de cas." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00660249.
Full textRomano, Antonella. "La compagnie de Jésus et la révolution scientifique constitution et diffusion d'une culture mathématique jésuite à la renaissance (1540-1640)." Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010651.
Full textThe compagny of Jésus, a new catholic order founded by ignacius of loyola in the specific context of counter reformation, is envolved, from the origin of its history, in the process of education and learning. The elaboration of the study program, at that time of crisis of aristotelianism, is based on the first practices of learning developped all over europe and on the debate concerning the definition, the statute and the fonction of mathematics in relation with both theology and philosophia naturalis. Facing those questions, the compagny defines the collegio romano as the main space for experimentation and debate. Concerning mathematics, christoph clavius plays the leading role. He designes an original study program which allows the compagny to be one of the major centers of catholic scientific activity in those years (1580-1610). The french case study throws light on the diffusion of jesuit mathematical culture. The analysis of administrative archives and manuscripts of lessons reveales first the variety of situations and underlines how others scientific traditions influence local teaching practices (second half of the 16th. Century). At the beginning of the 17th. Century, the first chairs in mathematics are opened, in accordance with the ratio studiorum. Teachers specialized in mathematics are requested and the company has to face the problem of their formation. The emergence of this new jesuit figure is studied through the first french books of mathematics written by the first real specialists. That minority of professors played a large part in making the company of jesus one of the most famous cultural institution for the spreading of scientific culture among French elits
Service, N'Gattaï. "Représentations graphiques : éléments de modélisation, aide à la conceptualisation, instruments de médiation." Grenoble 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008GRE29012.
Full textInspired by the question "How may graphical representations serve as instruments of mediation?", we aim at a better understanding of these signifiers in the process of modelling and conceptualization. To do this, we studied the writings of Bertin (1977), Duval (1995) and Vygotski (1934/1997), as well as Vergnaud (1985, 1990). We completed this theoretical investigation by the empirical results of Baillé and Maury (1993). The methodology is based on four instruments: interviews, a questionnaire, an analysis of textbooks and a didactic experiment. This last approach concerned 169 pupils of the French "Seconde" (tenth grade, fifteen years old) of two secondary schools for technical education, and two secondary schools for general education. It confronted the pupils with the reading and the construction of bar graphs, sector-graphs and line-graphs. It revealed different performances for both types of education and an impact of the type of graphic on these performances. Three types of procedures (canonical, non canonical and mixed) were isolated in the productions of the pupils. We also noted a high frequency of canonical procedures in the construction of the linear graphs. In addition, we revealed pupil's conceptions which brought up the question of the processing of graphs in teaching, inviting us to rethink their role in schools
Blanc, Julie. "Construction et mobilisation des savoirs professionnels : le cas des pratiques enseignantes d'évaluation à l'école primaire." Toulouse 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOU20014.
Full textWithin the framework of studies regarding teachers' professional development, the present research revolves around the relationship between teaching practices (the class context) and collegial practices, as implemented within the school itself. They are envisaged from the aspect of social learning. Adopting a socio-cognitive approach, the thesis defends that the shared work implemented by teachers (during collegial practices) is favorable to the constructing of professional knowledge, which is to be mobilized afterwards, especially during teaching practices. This study used longitudinal observations of both teaching practices (tests in mathematics) and collegial practices. These observations were followed and developed further through semi directive interviews, and by the utilizing of a "livret scolaire" or school report book (an official document aimed at communicating scholar results to the families). The analysis of empirical documents was based on the triangulation of data regarding quantity and quality. The results bring to light two modalities concenring collegial practices : one is based on shared minima, the other on the sharing of common practices inducing a specific form of teaching. They show that the implementation of a shared activity plays a significant part in the organizing of practices of appraisal. The collegial dimension of professional activity appears thus as one of the organizers of teachers' teaching practices. Indeed, these latter construct and subsequently mobilize professional knowledge, and the modality of that constructing is for its major part linked to the nature of the collegial activity implemented within the school
Nechache, Assia. "La validation dans l'enseignement des probabilités au niveau secondaire." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC039.
Full textOur research is concerned with the question of validation in the teaching of probabilities for Grade 9 and 10 students (age 14 and 15). We adopted the theoretical and methodological model of Mathematic Working Spaces associate to notion of probabilistic paradigm is used to characterize validation in the teaching of probability. The research is based on three successive studies. The first one is exploratory and aims at comparing both the validation practiced in probability and geometry. It showed that semiotics registers are favored to validate in probability and are more used than in geometry. Through The analysis of various tasks implemented at various school levels and related to three categories of tasks (simple, complex, rich) the second study shows highlights different forms of validation depending on the category of the task and the class level considered. The last study, based on interviews with teachers, leads to define the various types of validation adopted by teachers. As findings of the research and based on the data coming the three studies, some characteristics of validation in probability are given and show the specific originality of the teaching of probability in France
Mounier, Éric. "Une analyse de l'enseignement de la numération : vers de nouvelles pistes." Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA070055.
Full textThough a good deal of research bas been written already concerning the acquisition or teaching of written positional notation, difficulties do persist for pupils in early school years. Written multidigit number cannot be reduced to a simple transcription of spoken expression: actually it implies and conveys a new body of mathematical knowledge, which bas to be mastered. In French school, that question arises in primary first year - cours preparatoire or CP, 6-7 years old. When entering CP, pupils initially regard numbers, in essence, according to the spoken designation they're now familiar with - a designation they generally associate with one-by-one numbering activities. Class dynamics demand that the teacher build mediations which cannot ignore the pupil's preexisting knowledge. Yet the teaching should eventually present numbers without naming them: so how can we deal with the spoken number when teaching numeration ? Can we consider it as a useful tool, and not as an apparent obstacle to abstraction? Throughout this work, we investigate the underlying mathematical foundations to cover the various strategies available to the teacher. We review the current state of research, and describe the recurring difficulties still encountered by pupils in primary years. We comment on different approaches in use within the French School System, through the analysis of school texts and reporting of actual class experimentations. Then we offer revisions in the teaching of numeration - from which we derive new perspectives in practice
Allard, Cécile. "Etude du processus d'institutionnalisation dans les pratiques de fin d'école primaire : le cas de l'enseignement des fractions." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC074.
Full textThe purpose of this research is to describe and analyze the process of institutionalization and. Specially moments of this process: the exhibitions of knowledge. These moments are supported by teachers whose practices will be studied. The theoretical framework is that of the dual approach and the theory of didactic situations. What does "expose knowledge" at school mean ? This study is longitudinal and compares the practices of four expert teachers. It characterizes what it means depersonalization and contextualization of knowledge. To understand the conceptualization of rational numbers, this research is based on the anglo-saxon approach different from the french one. This allows to obtain interesting results. The study of classroom sequences led to analyze the writings intended to institutionalize knowledge (eventually few) as well as the times when this occurs orally. The features exhibitions of knowledge are different. The explanation for these differences leads to new questions about teacher training and the training of their trainers. The results raise the question of the joint resource development (professors, trainers and researchers) on the knowledge of teachers and the taught mathematics. These results involve additonal researches
Nédelec-Trohel, Isabelle. "Elaboration et mise en oeuvre d'une ingénierie didactique en mathématiques par un chercheur, un maître E et un maître ordinaire en regroupement d'adaptation et en classe de CE2 : analyses des transactions didactiques." Rennes 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008REN20069.
Full textTran, Luong Cong Khanh. "La notion d'intégrale dans l'enseignement des mathématiques au lycée : une étude comparative entre la France et le Vietnam." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00122062.
Full textDans une deuxième partie, nous effectuons une étude des examens finaux (baccalauréats français et vietnamien, concours d'entrée universitaire vietnamien), et une analyse de l'apprêtage de la notion d'intégrale par les enseignants français et vietnamiens à travers un questionnaire pour déboucher sur une enquête épistémologique sur le savoir intégrale.
Cette partie conduit à décrire une Organisation Mathématique de référence pour le thème de l'intégrale. Elle permet aussi de questionner des éléments spécifiques du savoir à enseigner dans l'institution vietnamienne : les valences instrumentale et sémiotique des ostensifs et dx dans les méthodes d'intégration, et le contrat institutionnel sur le calcul d'aire.
Dans la dernière partie, nous nous centrons sur le savoir effectivement enseigné au Vietnam sous les contraintes et conditions mises en avant dans les parties précédentes. Pour cela, nous analysons des réponses d'élèves vietnamiens à des tâches en rupture de contrat institutionnel par rapport au calcul d'intégrale et au calcul d'aire, des copies corrigées du baccalauréat vietnamien 2005 et enfin des chroniques résultant d'observation naturaliste de séances de classes (moment des révisions pour le baccalauréat vietnamien).
Prévit, Dominique. "Génération d'exercices et analyse multicritère automatique de réponses ouvertes : PépiGen, un système auteur en algèbre élémentaire." Le Mans, 2008. http://cyberdoc.univ-lemans.fr/theses/2008/2008LEMA1013.pdf.
Full textOur work forms ofmultidisciplinary EIAH research in the area of elementary algebra. We propose a conceptual model of classes of parametered exercises and a software program which enables the automatic creation of exercises and generation of diagnostic responses relevant to the answers given, including open-ended answers expressing complex reasoning. We have developed the authoring tool PépiGen, and implemented this model to analyse the algebra skills of secondary school pupils. To generate expected solutions (whether these are correct or incorrect), often encountered at this academic level and a multi-dimensional analytical model for these responses, we have designed and developed a computer algebra system component, Pépinière, which deals with the algebraic expressions needed for generating exercises, for automatic generation of expected answers and automatic analysis of students' responses