Books on the topic 'Mathematical models offer'
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1
Peters, Michael. Ex ante price offers in matching games. Toronto: University of Toronto, Department of Economics and Institute for Policy Analysis, 1985.
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Peters, Michael. Ex ante price offers in matching games: Non-steady states. Toronto: Department of Economics, University of Toronto, 1986.
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Peters, Michael. Ex ante price offers in matching games: Non steady states. Toronto: Dept. of Economics and Institute for Policy Analysis, University of Toronto, 1991.
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4
Niederle, Muriel. Market culture: How norms governing exploding offers affect market performance. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2004.
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Detragiache, Enrica. Debt restructuring with multiple creditors and the role of exchange offers. [Roma]: Banca d'Italia, 1995.
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Albrecht, James W. Job search and the transition to employment: Theory. Göteborg: Dept. of Economics, University of Gothenburg, 1986.
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Bebchuk, Lucian A. Takeover bids vs. proxy fights in contests for corporate control. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2001.
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Korsten, Frans-Willem. A Dutch Republican Baroque. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789462982123.
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In the Dutch Republic, in its Baroque forms of art, two aesthetic formal modes, theatre and drama, were dynamically related to two political concepts, event and moment. The Dutch version of the Baroque is characterised by a fascination with this world regarded as one possibility out of a plurality of potential worlds. It is this fascination that explains the coincidence in the Dutch Republic, strange at first sight, of Baroque exuberance, irregularity, paradox, and vertigo with scientific rigor, regularity, mathematical logic, and rational distance. In giving a new historical perspective on the Baroque as a specifically Dutch republican one, this study also offers a new and systematic approach towards the interactions among the notions of theatricality, dramatisation, moment, and event: concepts that are currently at the centre of philosophical and political debates but the modern articulation of which can best be considered in the explorations of history and world in the Dutch Republic.
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Uncertainty and the theory of international trade. Chur [Switzerland]: Harwood Academic Publishers, 1987.
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Office, General Accounting. Air pollution: Allowance trading offers an opportunity to reduce emissions at less cost : report to the Chairman, Environment, Energy, and Natural Resources Subcommittee, Committee on Government Operations, House of Representatives. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1994.
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White, Leon S. Mathematical Programming Models for Determining Freshman Scholarship Offers. Creative Media Partners, LLC, 2018.
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Fine, Terrence. Mathematical Alternatives to Standard Probability that Provide Selectable Degrees of Precision. Edited by Alan Hájek and Christopher Hitchcock. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199607617.013.11.
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This chapter challenges the nearly universal reliance upon standard mathematical probability for mathematical modeling of chance and uncertain phenomena, and offers four alternatives. In standard practice, precise assignments are made inappropriately, even to the occurrences of events that may be unobservable in principle. Four familiar examples of chance or uncertain phenomena are discussed, about which this is true. The theory of measurement provides an understanding of the relationship between the accuracy of information and the precision with which the phenomenon under examination should be modeled mathematically. The model of modal or classificatory probability offers the least precision. Comparative probability, plausibility/belief functions and upper/lower probabilities are carefully considered. The selectable precision of these alternative mathematical models of chance and uncertainty makes for an improved range of levels of accuracy in modeling the empirical domain phenomena of chance, uncertainty, and indeterminacy. Knowledge of such models encourages further thought in this direction.
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Oulasvirta, Antti, and Andreas Karrenbauer. Combinatorial Optimization for User Interface Design. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198799603.003.0005.
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Combinatorial optimization offers a rigorous but powerful approach to user interface design problems, defining problems mathematically such that they can be algorithmically solved. Design is defined as algorithmic combination of design decisions to obtain an optimal solution defined by an objective function. There are strong rationale for this method. First, core concepts such as ’design task’, ’design objective’, and ’optimal design’ become explicit and actionable. Second, solutions work well in practice, even for some problems traditionally out of reach of manual solutions. The method can assist in the generation, refinement, and adaptation of design. However, mathematical expression of HCI problems has been challenging and curbed applications. This chapter introduces combinatorial optimisation from user interface design point of view, and addresses two core challenges: 1) mathematical definition of design problems and 2) expression of evaluative knowledge such as design heuristics and predictive models of interaction.
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Bueno, Otávio, and Steven French. Applying Mathematics. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198815044.001.0001.
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What has been called ‘the unreasonable effectiveness of mathematics’ sets a challenge for philosophers. Some have responded to that challenge by arguing that mathematics is essentially anthropocentric in character whereas others have pointed to the range of structures that mathematics offers. Here a middle way is offered that focuses on the moves that have to be made in both the mathematics and the relevant physics in order to bring the two into appropriate relation. This relation can be captured via the inferential conception of the applicability of mathematics which is formulated in terms of immersion inference and interpretation. In particular the roles of idealizations and of surplus structure in science and mathematics respectively are brought to the fore and captured via an approach to models and theories that emphasizes the partiality of the available information: the partial structures approach. The discussion as a whole is grounded in a number of case studies drawn from the history of quantum physics and extended to contest recent claims that the explanatory role of certain mathematical structures in scientific practice supports a realist attitude towards them. The overall conclusion is that the effectiveness of mathematics does not seem unreasonable at all once close attention is paid to how it is actually applied in practice.
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Bassiouni, Zaki. Theory, Measurement, and Interpretation of Well Logs. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/9781555630560.
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An indispensable tool, Theory, Measurement and Interpretation of Well Logs introduces the three primary phases of well-logging technology to engineering and geosciences students. This text offers an in-depth study of the electric, radioactive, and acoustic properties of sedimentary rocks. Mathematical and empirical models relate a formation property of interest to the property measured with the logging tool. Openhole logging techniques are covered, along with concepts of traditional and modern tools.
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Zinn-Justin, Jean. From Random Walks to Random Matrices. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198787754.001.0001.
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Theoretical physics is a cornerstone of modern physics and provides a foundation for all modern quantitative science. It aims to describe all natural phenomena using mathematical theories and models and, in consequence, develops our understanding of the fundamental nature of the universe. This book offers an overview of major areas covering the recent developments in modern theoretical physics. Each chapter introduces a new key topic, and develops the discussion in a self-contained manner. At the same time, the selected topics have common themes running throughout the book, which connect the independent discussions. The main themes—renormalization group, fixed points, universality and continuum limit—open and conclude the work. Other important and related themes are path integrals and field integrals, effective field theories, gauge theories, the mathematical structure at the basis of the interactions in fundamental particle physics, including quantization problems and anomalies, stochastic dynamical equations and summation of perturbative series.
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Cozman, Fabio. Imprecise and Indeterminate Probabilities. Edited by Alan Hájek and Christopher Hitchcock. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199607617.013.14.
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This chapter offers a discussion of imprecision and indeterminacy in probability values; that is, there is a focus on situations where one does not attach a single real number to every possible event. There are several theories and mathematical models regarding such imprecise and indeterminate probabilities. Among these are, for instance, lower/upper or interval probabilities or expectations, Choquet capacities, belief functions and credal sets. The chapter reviews the history of some of these models and theories, and then summarizes their main technical assumptions. Some subtleties concerning conditioning and independence are also reviewed. The chapter concludes with a brief discussion of modeling and of criteria for decision-making (minimality, maximality, E-admissibility).
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Zagare, Frank C. Game Theory, Diplomatic History and Security Studies. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198831587.001.0001.
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The main purpose of this book is to demonstrate, by way of example, the several advantages of using a formal game-theoretic framework to explain complex events, diplomatic history, and contentious interstate relationships, via causal mechanisms and rationality. Chapter 1 lays out the broad parameters and major concepts of the mathematical theory of games and its applications in the security studies literature. Chapter 2 explores a number of issues connected with the use of game-theoretic models to organize analytic narratives, both generally and specifically. Chapter 3 interprets the Moroccan crisis of 1905–6 in the context of an incomplete information game model. Chapter 4 surveys and evaluates several prominent attempts to use game theory to explain the strategic dynamic of the Cuban missile crisis of 1962. Chapter 5 offers a general explanation that answers all of the foundational questions associated with the Cuban crisis within the confines of a single, integrated, game-theoretic model with incomplete information. Chapter 6 uses the same game form to develop a logically consistent and empirically plausible explanation of the outbreak of war in Europe in early August 1914. Chapter 7 introduces perfect deterrence theory and contrasts it with the prevailing realist theory of interstate war prevention, and classical deterrence theory. Chapter 8 addresses the charge made by some behavioral economists (and many strategic analysts) that game theory is of limited utility for understanding interstate conflict behavior.
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Walker, James C. G. Numerical Adventures with Geochemical Cycles. Oxford University Press, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195045208.001.0001.
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The dynamic, evolving Earth, and the mathematical representation of its geochemical changes are the subject of this timely, helpful handbook. Global warming, changes in the ocean, and the effects of fossil fuel combustion are just a few of the phenomena that make the development of geochemical models critical. But what computational methods will help to accurately carry out this task? This new text teaches the methodology of computational simulation of environmental change. The author presents interesting applications of his methods to describe the response of the ocean and atmosphere to the infusion of pollutants, the effect of evaporation on seawater composition, climate change, and many other aspects of the Earth's evolving ecosystem. He also presents simple approaches for solving non-linear systems, calculating isotope ratios, and dealing with chains of identical reservoirs. With creative programs that can be executed on any personal computer, Walker offers earth scientists the techniques necessary to address the key problems in their field.
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Miller, David Marshall, and Dana Jalobeanu, eds. The Cambridge History of Philosophy of the Scientific Revolution. Cambridge University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781108333108.
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The early modern era produced the Scientific Revolution, which originated our present understanding of the natural world. Concurrently, philosophers established the conceptual foundations of modernity. This rich and comprehensive volume surveys and illuminates the numerous and complicated interconnections between philosophical and scientific thought as both were radically transformed from the late sixteenth to the mid-eighteenth century. The chapters explore reciprocal influences between philosophy and physics, astronomy, mathematics, medicine, and other disciplines, and show how thinkers responded to an immense range of intellectual, material, and institutional influences. The volume offers a unique perspicuity, viewing the entire landscape of early modern philosophy and science, and also marks an epoch in contemporary scholarship, surveying recent contributions and suggesting future investigations for the next generation of scholars and students.
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Aristotle. On the Heavens I and II. Edited by Stuart Leggatt. Liverpool University Press, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9780856686627.001.0001.
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The first two books of Aristotle's On the Heavens (De Caelo) offer perspectives on the cosmology of a thinker whose ideas in this area were considered authoritative by many until the seventeenth century. This new translation and commentary provide the modern reader with the opportunity to appraise Aristotle's ideas in relation to the cosmologies of his predecessors. While tied to the thinking of the day, Aristotle nevertheless succeeded in placing cosmology on a new footing; indeed, as the commentary in this volume shows, his use of mathematics-style demonstration, along with his appeal to observation, in avoiding more standard forms of argument, resulted in a methodology that often shares common ground with today's cosmologies. Greek text, with facing-page English translation, introduction, notes and commentary.
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Trappenberg, Thomas P. Fundamentals of Machine Learning. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198828044.001.0001.
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Machine learning is exploding, both in research and for industrial applications. This book aims to be a brief introduction to this area given the importance of this topic in many disciplines, from sciences to engineering, and even for its broader impact on our society. This book tries to contribute with a style that keeps a balance between brevity of explanations, the rigor of mathematical arguments, and outlining principle ideas. At the same time, this book tries to give some comprehensive overview of a variety of methods to see their relation on specialization within this area. This includes some introduction to Bayesian approaches to modeling as well as deep learning. Writing small programs to apply machine learning techniques is made easy today by the availability of high-level programming systems. This book offers examples in Python with the machine learning libraries sklearn and Keras. The first four chapters concentrate largely on the practical side of applying machine learning techniques. The book then discusses more fundamental concepts and includes their formulation in a probabilistic context. This is followed by chapters on advanced models, that of recurrent neural networks and that of reinforcement learning. The book closes with a brief discussion on the impact of machine learning and AI on our society.
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Hight, Marc A., ed. The Correspondence of George Berkeley. Cambridge University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9780511732348.
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George Berkeley (1685–1753), Bishop of Cloyne, was an Irish philosopher and divine who pursued a number of grand causes, contributing to the fields of economics, mathematics, political theory and theology. He pioneered the theory of 'immaterialism', and his work ranges over many philosophical issues that remain of interest today. This volume offers a complete and accurate edition of Berkeley's extant correspondence, including letters written both by him and to him, supplemented by extensive explanatory and critical notes. Alexander Pope famously said 'To Berkeley every virtue under heaven', and a careful reading of the letters reveals a figure worthy of admiration, sheds new light on his personal and intellectual life, and provides insight into the broad historical and philosophical currents of his time. The volume will be an invaluable resource for philosophers, modern historians and those interested in Anglo-Irish culture.
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McGrath, Alister E. Natural Philosophy. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192865731.001.0001.
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Abstract In the seventeenth century, natural philosophy was seen as an integrated enterprise, embracing what are now seen as separate disciplines, such as philosophy, the natural sciences, mathematics, and theology. Although often portrayed as a now redundant precursor of the natural sciences, natural philosophy was far more than this, enfolding the two quite different notions of learning about and learning from nature. This book argues for the retrieval of the ‘disciplinary imaginary’ of natural philosophy. The first part of the work explores how this idea emerged in the writings of Aristotle, and achieved its greatest influence in the seventeenth century. It offers a critical conversation with leading representatives of the movement—such as Johann Kepler, Robert Boyle, and Isaac Newton—to clarify its scope and significance, as well as identifying the factors causing the decline of the movement in the nineteenth century. The second part of the book sets out a comprehensive account of how natural philosophy can be retrieved and reimagined. Drawing on recent discussions of progress in philosophy, it argues that a retrieved natural philosophy can hold together both the objective and subjective aspects of the human engagement with the natural world. Using Mary Midgley’s approach to safeguarding the complexity of nature and Karl Popper’s model of the ‘three worlds’ of human knowledge—objective, subjective, and theoretical—the book offers a comprehensive vision of the scope of a revitalized natural philosophy, and the benefits this brings to the human understanding and appreciation of nature.
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Corfield, David. Modal Homotopy Type Theory. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198853404.001.0001.
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In[KF1] 1914, in an essay entitled ‘Logic as the Essence of Philosophy’, Bertrand Russell promised to revolutionize philosophy by introducing there the ‘new logic’ of Frege and Peano: “The old logic put thought in fetters, while the new logic gives it wings.” A century later, this book proposes a comparable revolution with a newly emerging logic, modal homotopy type theory. Russell’s prediction turned out to be accurate. Frege’s first-order logic, along with its extension to modal logic, is to be found throughout anglophone analytic philosophy. This book provides a considerable array of evidence for the claim that philosophers working in metaphysics, as well as those treating language, logic or mathematics, would be much better served with the new ‘new logic’. It offers an introduction to this new logic, thoroughly motivated by intuitive explanations of the need for all of its component parts—the discipline of a type theory, the flexibility of type dependency, the more refined homotopic notion of identity and a powerful range of modalities. Innovative applications of the calculus are given, including analysis of the distinction between objects and events, an intrinsic treatment of structure and a conception of modality both as a form of general variation and as allowing constructions in modern geometry. In this way, we see how varied are the applications of this powerful new language—modal homotopy type theory.
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Kaiser, David, ed. "Well, Doc, You're In". The MIT Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/13952.001.0001.
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The life and work of Freeman Dyson—renowned scientist, visionary, and iconoclast—and his particular way of thinking about deep questions. Freeman Dyson (1923–2020)—renowned scientist, visionary, and iconoclast—helped invent modern physics. Not bound by disciplinary divisions, he went on to explore foundational topics in mathematics, astrophysics, and the origin of life. General readers were introduced to Dyson's roving mind and heterodox approach in his 1979 book Disturbing the Universe, a poignant autobiographical reflection on life and science. “Well, Doc, You're In” (the title quotes Richard Feynman's remark to Dyson at a physics conference) offers a fresh examination of Dyson's life and work, exploring his particular way of thinking about deep questions that range from the nature of matter to the ultimate fate of the universe. The chapters—written by leading scientists, historians, and science journalists, including some of Dyson's colleagues—trace Dyson's formative years, his budding interests and curiosities, and his wide-ranging work across the natural sciences, technology, and public policy. They describe Dyson's innovations at the intersection of quantum theory and relativity, his novel nuclear reactor design (and his never-realized idea of a spacecraft powered by nuclear weapons), his years at the Institute for Advanced Study, and his foray into cosmology. In the coda, Dyson's daughter Esther reflects on growing up in the Dyson household. “Well, Doc, You're In” assesses Dyson's successes, blind spots, and influence, assembling a portrait of a scientist's outsized legacy. Contributors Jeremy Bernstein, Robbert Dijkgraaf, Esther Dyson, George Dyson, Ann Finkbeiner, Amanda Gefter, Ashutosh Jogalekar, David Kaiser, Caleb Scharf, William Thomas
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Nikiforov, Konstantin V., Anna K. Aleksandrova, Ella G. Zadorozhnyuk, Ilgar M. Mamedov, and Olga E. Petrunina, eds. Russia — Turkey — Greece: Dialogue opportunities in the Balkans. Nestor-Istoriia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/4469-2030-3.
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This monograph is the product of an international conference entitled “Russia — Turkey — Greece: Opportunities for Dialogue in the Balkans”, which was held on September 15, 2020. The conference was conducted by the Department of Modern History of Central and South-Eastern Europe of the Institute of Slavic Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The authors of the monograph studied a wide range of issues related to the roles of Russia, Turkey, and Greece in the Balkans. Researchers have examined both the history and future perspectives; namely, how their mutual interactions have affected their overall relations and how they may contribute to the dialogue and cooperation amongst the three nations. The topics examined include: wars and diplomatic relations in general, religious ties and their impact, historical memory and modern images, regional issues and migration, the ties among the three countries and their influence on mutual relations. The first part of the monograph entitled “Russian-Turkish-Greek relations in historical retrospect” deals with such topics as the historical memory of the Balkans between the Byzantine, Ottoman, and Russian Empires and the current foreign policy practices of several countries in the region; the first Russian consuls in the Ottoman Empire during peace and war of 1776–1787; the fate of Russians, Bulgarians, and Turks in the crucible of the Russian-Turkish war of 1877–1878; and Khilandar Monastery on Mount Athos, Russian diplomacy in the context of Russian-Serbian relations in 1850–1870s, and the history of the relations between Russia and Mount Athos in the second half of the 19th century using the examples of Archimandrite Leonid (Kavelin) and St. Panteleimon Monastery. The authors offer a historical context of imperial relations which serves as a “bridge” to understanding later events. In the second part, “Russia, Turkey, Greece at the present stage: opportunities for cooperation and partnership”, experts consider a number of regional problems, namely: political relations between the USSR, Turkey, and Greece on the Cyprus issue between 1950 and 1970; a comparative analysis of the policies of Turkey, the Russian Federation, and Greece towards the Kosovo issue from 1999 to 2008; Turkey’s policy in the Balkans and Turkish approaches to interaction with Russia and Greece; and Greek-Turkish disagreement over the Aegean Sea. Other chapters examine bilateral relations and their effects on the third party: Greece and Turkey, cooperation or rivalry in the migration sphere; the Turkish factor in Greek-Russian relations in the 2010s; problems and prospects of development of cooperation in the Balkans: Russia’s role. Two chapters explore the historical memories of the Balkan people: Friend forever — unfriend forever: Russia and Turkey as seen by modern Greeks, and “Revival Process” in the modern Bulgarian Turk’s memory according to the results of an expedition to Slavjanovo village. Finally, a chapter on mathematical tools for measuring the level of multilingualism of the population in the Russian Federation, the Turkish Republic, Greece, and the Republic of Cyprus concludes the monograph. In the last decades there has been a steady rapprochement in Russian-Turkish relations and a deepening of cooperation both at the bilateral and regional levels. In Greece, traditional cultural and historical ties with Russia have been preserved, and public opinion continues to demonstrate a high degree of trust in modern Russia and its leadership. In this context, the monograph is an important contribution to the study of the Balkans, has promoted the exchange of views and cooperation among scholars, and may further strengthen mutual understanding among the peoples of Russia, Turkey, and Greece. These works may be of interest to researchers of the history of the Balkans, Greece and Turkey, university students, and practitioners and experts interested in the region.
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Air pollution: Allowance trading offers an opportunity to reduce emissions at less cost : report to the chairman, Environment, Energy, and Natural Resources Subcommittee, Committee on Government Operations, House of Representatives. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1994.
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Air pollution: Allowance trading offers an opportunity to reduce emissions at less cost : report to the chairman, Environment, Energy, and Natural Resources Subcommittee, Committee on Government Operations, House of Representatives. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1994.
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