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Academic literature on the topic 'Mathematical models offer'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Mathematical models offer"

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Oliveri, Hadrien, and Alain Goriely. "Mathematical models of neuronal growth." Biomechanics and Modeling in Mechanobiology 21, no. 1 (January 7, 2022): 89–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10237-021-01539-0.

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AbstractThe establishment of a functioning neuronal network is a crucial step in neural development. During this process, neurons extend neurites—axons and dendrites—to meet other neurons and interconnect. Therefore, these neurites need to migrate, grow, branch and find the correct path to their target by processing sensory cues from their environment. These processes rely on many coupled biophysical effects including elasticity, viscosity, growth, active forces, chemical signaling, adhesion and cellular transport. Mathematical models offer a direct way to test hypotheses and understand the underlying mechanisms responsible for neuron development. Here, we critically review the main models of neurite growth and morphogenesis from a mathematical viewpoint. We present different models for growth, guidance and morphogenesis, with a particular emphasis on mechanics and mechanisms, and on simple mathematical models that can be partially treated analytically.
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Tedeschi, Luís Orlindo, Danny Gene Fox, Roberto Daniel Sainz, Luís Gustavo Barioni, Sérgio Raposo de Medeiros, and Celso Boin. "Mathematical models in ruminant nutrition." Scientia Agricola 62, no. 1 (January 2005): 76–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-90162005000100015.

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Mathematical models can be used to improve performance, reduce cost of production, and reduce nutrient excretion by accounting for more of the variation in predicting requirements and feed utilization in each unique production situation. Mathematical models can be classified into five or more categories based on their nature and behavior. Determining the appropriate level of aggregation of equations is a major problem in formulating models. The most critical step is to describe the purpose of the model and then to determine the appropriate mix of empirical and mechanistic representations of physiological functions, given development and evaluation dataset availability, inputs typically available and the benefits versus the risks of use associated with increased sensitivity. We discussed five major feeding systems used around the world. They share common concepts of energy and nutrient requirement and supply by feeds, but differ in structure and application of the concepts. Animal models are used for a variety of purposes, including the simple description of observations, prediction of responses to management, and explanation of biological mechanisms. Depending upon the objectives, a number of different approaches may be used, including classical algebraic equations, predictive empirical relationships, and dynamic, mechanistic models. The latter offer the best opportunity to make full use of the growing body of knowledge regarding animal biology. Continuing development of these types of models and computer technology and software for their implementation holds great promise for improvements in the effectiveness with which fundamental knowledge of animal function can be applied to improve animal agriculture and reduce its impact on the environment.
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Meena, Ayush, Tushar Sharma, Mohit Patodiya, and P. V. Ramana. "Chronology of Recycled Plastic Mathematical Models, Mechanical and Thermal Characterisation." Proceedings of the 12th Structural Engineering Convention, SEC 2022: Themes 1-2 1, no. 1 (December 19, 2022): 499–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.38208/acp.v1.540.

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Recycled plastic fibers restrict the characteristics of hardened concrete. They offer no considerable ductility after the initial fracture. Their capacity to prevent bleed and separation helps preserve the original water-cemetery ratio of the surface mortar, thereby enhancing the abrasion resistance. Recycled plastic fibers can be efficient in dispersing stresses and improving frost resistance. The spilling of concrete into the fire has also proven to reduce. Recycled plastic fibers enhance initial characteristics in sprayed concrete and decrease the shedding and rebound. The tiny recycled plastic fibers, which should have similar structural advantages to steel fibers, must be distinguished from giant synthetic fibers. PP is fully resistant to acid and alkaline circumstances and is not affected by acid/alkaline environments, including marine conditions. Chemically PP is non-absorbent, i.e., no moisture absorption and associated characteristic changes.
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Plotnitsky, Arkady. "The visualizable, the representable and the inconceivable: realist and non-realist mathematical models in physics and beyond." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 374, no. 2058 (January 13, 2016): 20150101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2015.0101.

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The project of this article is twofold. First, it aims to offer a new perspective on, and a new argument concerning, realist and non-realist mathematical models, and differences and affinities between them, using physics as a paradigmatic field of mathematical modelling in science. Most of the article is devoted to this topic. Second, the article aims to explore the implications of this argument for mathematical modelling in other fields, in particular in cognitive psychology and economics.
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Shain, Kenneth H. "Mathematical Models of Cancer Evolution and Cure." Blood 126, no. 23 (December 3, 2015): SCI—55—SCI—55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v126.23.sci-55.sci-55.

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You cannot cure what you do not understand. So how can mathematical modeling address this pressing issue? The advances in therapeutic success in multiple myeloma over the last decades have hinged on an an army of researchers identifying a critical genetic, epigenetic and biochemical signaling factors within of MM cells as well as the tumor microenvironment (TME). Unfortunately, despite these large scale efforts we do not yet offer our patients curative intent therapy. The inability to provide curative therapy, especially in the setting of HRMM, is characterized by evolving resistance to lines of sequential therapy as a result of alternating clonal dynamics following the failure of initial therapy to eradicate minimal residual disease (MRD). Recent results underline the importance of tumor heterogeneity, in the form of pre-existing genotypically (and phenotypically) distinct sub-populations that translate to drug-resistant phenotypes leading to treatment failure. This phenomenon of “clonal tides”, has been well characterized using contemporary molecular techniques demonstrating that clonal evolution progresses by different evolutionary patterns across patients. Thus, resistance to therapy is a consequence of Darwinian dynamics- influenced by tumor heterogeneity, genomic instability, the TME (ecosystem), and selective pressures induced by therapy. Such evolutionary principles can be analyzed and exploited by mathematical models to personalize therapeutic options for patients with MM. Currently available clinical decision support tools and physician acumen are not able to account for the shear amount of information available. Mathematical models, however, provide a critical mechanism(s) to account of the large number of aspects to help predict and manage MM- accounting for what we do not know. Models can be designed with the specific intent of characterizing intra-tumoral heterogeneity, changing ecosystems, and clinical parameters over time to create patient-specific clinical predictions much like hurricane prediction models. This can only be achieved by creating mathematical models parameterized by longitudinal data of a number of parameters. The novel application of mathematical models based on Darwinian dynamics can be imputed with data to 1) predict progression events (risk of progression to from smoldering to active MM), 2) relapse, and 3) predictions of clinical response of MM patients for the optimizing therapeutics for cure or optimal control of MM; thus, providing invaluable clinical decision support tools. Disclosures: Shain: Celgene: Consultancy , Speakers Bureau ; Amgen/Onyx: Consultancy , Speakers Bureau ; Takeda: Consultancy , Speakers Bureau ; Signal Genetics: Consultancy , Research Funding.
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Mu, Lian Yun, and Yong Wei. "Evaluation on Effectiveness of Weapon Equipment Based on Grade Conversion Operations." Applied Mechanics and Materials 313-314 (March 2013): 733–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.313-314.733.

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Mathematical models and statistical models of effectiveness were set up during the technology preparation period. A model and flow was set up based on the system parameters and using regulation applying the theory of Monte-Carlo sampling, discrete event simulation and mathematical statistical. Results of its application show that the model can not only simulate effectiveness of equipment weapon, but also can analysis sensitivity, can offer auxiliary decision-making during the technology preparation period.
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Asadi, Houshyar, Shady Mohamed, Chee Peng Lim, Saeid Nahavandi, and Eugene Nalivaiko. "Semicircular canal modeling in human perception." Reviews in the Neurosciences 28, no. 5 (July 26, 2017): 537–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/revneuro-2016-0058.

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AbstractThe human vestibular system is a sensory and equilibrium system that manages and controls the human sense of balance and movement. It is the main sensor humans use to perceive rotational and linear motions. Determining an accurate mathematical model of the human vestibular system is significant for research pertaining to motion perception, as the quality and effectiveness of the motion cueing algorithm (MCA) directly depends on the mathematical model used in its design. This paper describes the history and analyses the development process of mathematical semicircular canal models. The aim of this review is to determine the most consistent and reliable mathematical semicircular canal models that agree with experimental results and theoretical analyses, and offer reliable approximations for the semicircular canal functions based on the existing studies. Selecting and formulating accurate mathematical models of semicircular canals are essential for implementation into the MCA and for ensuring effective human motion perception modeling.
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Christianto, Victor, and Yunita Umniyati. "Remark on ‘The future of mathematical Cosmology” and “100 years of mathematical cosmology: Models, theories and problems, Part B” by S. Cotsakis and A.P. Yefremov." Journal of Cosmology, Filaments and Astrobiology 2, no. 1 (2022): 38–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.54216/jcfa.020105.

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In this review article, allow us to offer a few remark on “the future of mathematical cosmology” “100 years of mathematical cosmology: Models, theories and problems, Part B” by Cotsakis and Yefremov, which seems to us very interesting piece of review on progress on the last 3 or 4 decades in theoretical cosmology development. In particular, we would emphasize on testability of cosmology models, which seem to us this criterion can only be achieved via correspondence between condensed mattersuperfluiditylow temperature physics and cosmology (cf. for instance, Kibble Pickett, 2008).
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Ernst, Philip A., Marek Kimmel, Monika Kurpas, and Quan Zhou. "Heavy-tailed distributions in branching process models of secondary cancerous tumors." Advances in Applied Probability 50, A (December 2018): 99–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/apr.2018.73.

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Abstract Recent progress in microdissection and in DNA sequencing has facilitated the subsampling of multi-focal cancers in organs such as the liver in several hundred spots, helping to determine the pattern of mutations in each of these spots. This has led to the construction of genealogies of the primary, secondary, tertiary, and so forth, foci of the tumor. These studies have led to diverse conclusions concerning the Darwinian (selective) or neutral evolution in cancer. Mathematical models of the development of multi-focal tumors have been devised to support these claims. We offer a model for the development of a multi-focal tumor: it is a mathematically rigorous refinement of a model of Ling et al. (2015). Guided by numerical studies and simulations, we show that the rigorous model, in the form of an infinite-type branching process, displays distributions of tumor size which have heavy tails and moments that become infinite in finite time. To demonstrate these points, we obtain bounds on the tails of the distributions of the process and an infinite series expansion for the first moments. In addition to its inherent mathematical interest, the model is corroborated by recent literature on apparent super-exponential growth in cancer metastases.
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Cortés Pellicer, Pascual, and Faustino Alarcón Valero. "Identification of reverse logistics decision types from mathematical models." Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management 11, no. 2 (April 6, 2018): 239. http://dx.doi.org/10.3926/jiem.2530.

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Purpose: The increase in social awareness, politics and environmental regulation, the scarcity of raw materials and the desired “green” image, are some of the reasons that lead companies to decide for implement processes of Reverse Logistics (RL). At the time when incorporate new RL processes as key business processes, new and important decisions need to be made. Identification and knowledge of these decisions, including the information available and the implications for the company or supply chain, will be fundamental for decision-makers to achieve the best results. In the present work, the main types of RL decisions are identified.Design/methodology/approach: This paper is based on the analysis of mathematical models designed as tools to aid decision making in the field of RL. Once the types of interest work to be analyzed are defined, those studies that really deal about the object of study are searched and analyzed. The decision variables that are taken at work are identified and grouped according to the type of decision and, finally, are showed the main types of decisions used in mathematical models developed in the field of RL. Findings: The principal conclusion of the research is that the most commonly addressed decisions with mathematical models in the field of RL are those related to the network’s configuration, followed by tactical/operative decisions such as the selections of product’s treatments to realize and the policy of returns or prices, among other decisions.Originality/value: The identification of the main decisions types of the reverse logistics will allow the managers of these processes to know and understand them better, while offer an integrated vision of them, favoring the achievement of better results.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Mathematical models offer"

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Hasan, Ebrahim A. Rahman. "Strategic Genco offers in electric energy markets cleared by merit order." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=115916.

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In an electricity market cleared by merit-order economic dispatch we identify necessary and sufficient conditions under which the market outcomes supported by pure strategy Nash equilibria (NE) exist when generating companies (Gencos) game through continuously variable incremental cost (IC) block offers. A Genco may own any number of units, each unit having multiple blocks with each block being offered at a constant IC.
Next, a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) scheme devoid of approximations or iterations is developed to identify all possible NE. The MILP scheme is systematic and general but computationally demanding for large systems. Thus, an alternative significantly faster lambda-iterative approach that does not require the use of MILP was also developed.
Once all NE are found, one critical question is to identify the one whose corresponding gaming strategy may be considered by all Gencos as being the most rational. To answer this, this thesis proposes the use of a measure based on the potential profit gain and loss by each Genco for each NE. The most rational offer strategy for each Genco in terms of gaming or not gaming that best meets their risk/benefit expectations is the one corresponding to the NE with the largest gain to loss ratio.
The computation of all NE is tested on several systems of up to ninety generating units, each with four incremental cost blocks. These NE are then used to examine how market power is influenced by market parameters, specifically, the number of competing Gencos, their size and true ICs, as well as the level of demand and price cap.
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Ganjbakhsh, Omid. "St[r]ategic offers in an oligopolistic electricity market under pay-as-bid pricing." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=112570.

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Marginal pricing is the traditional pricing method in pool based electricity markets, however pay-as-bid is an alternative that has been the focus of recent studies. One way of comparing the outcomes of these two pricing schemes is by examining their market equilibria. These equilibria have been analyzed in depth for both pricing methods under the assumption of a perfect market. Marginal pricing market equilibria has also been examined under oligopolistic markets, however, the same attention has not been given to oligopolies based on pay-as-bid pricing.
In this thesis, we study the possible outcomes of an oligopolistic electricity market under pay-as-bid pricing. For this purpose, we introduce, develop and test a new concept called defensive Nash equilibrium, which combines the risk adverseness of power suppliers with the traditional notion of Nash equilibrium. The test cases studied compare market outcomes between pay-as-bid and marginal pricing under various market power assumptions.
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Bělohlávek, Jiří. "Agent pro kurzové sázení." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-235980.

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This master thesis deals with design and implementation of betting agent. It covers issues such as theoretical background of an online betting, probability and statistics. In its first part it is focused on data mining and explains the principle of knowledge mining form data warehouses and certain methods suitable for different types of tasks. Second, it is concerned with neural networks and algorithm of back-propagation. All the findings are demonstrated on and supported by graphs and histograms of data analysis, made via SAS Enterprise Miner program. In conclusion, the thesis summarizes all the results and offers specific methods of extension of the agent.
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Books on the topic "Mathematical models offer"

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Peters, Michael. Ex ante price offers in matching games. Toronto: University of Toronto, Department of Economics and Institute for Policy Analysis, 1985.

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Peters, Michael. Ex ante price offers in matching games: Non-steady states. Toronto: Department of Economics, University of Toronto, 1986.

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Peters, Michael. Ex ante price offers in matching games: Non steady states. Toronto: Dept. of Economics and Institute for Policy Analysis, University of Toronto, 1991.

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Niederle, Muriel. Market culture: How norms governing exploding offers affect market performance. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2004.

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Detragiache, Enrica. Debt restructuring with multiple creditors and the role of exchange offers. [Roma]: Banca d'Italia, 1995.

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Albrecht, James W. Job search and the transition to employment: Theory. Göteborg: Dept. of Economics, University of Gothenburg, 1986.

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Bebchuk, Lucian A. Takeover bids vs. proxy fights in contests for corporate control. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2001.

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Korsten, Frans-Willem. A Dutch Republican Baroque. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789462982123.

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In the Dutch Republic, in its Baroque forms of art, two aesthetic formal modes, theatre and drama, were dynamically related to two political concepts, event and moment. The Dutch version of the Baroque is characterised by a fascination with this world regarded as one possibility out of a plurality of potential worlds. It is this fascination that explains the coincidence in the Dutch Republic, strange at first sight, of Baroque exuberance, irregularity, paradox, and vertigo with scientific rigor, regularity, mathematical logic, and rational distance. In giving a new historical perspective on the Baroque as a specifically Dutch republican one, this study also offers a new and systematic approach towards the interactions among the notions of theatricality, dramatisation, moment, and event: concepts that are currently at the centre of philosophical and political debates but the modern articulation of which can best be considered in the explorations of history and world in the Dutch Republic.
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Uncertainty and the theory of international trade. Chur [Switzerland]: Harwood Academic Publishers, 1987.

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Office, General Accounting. Air pollution: Allowance trading offers an opportunity to reduce emissions at less cost : report to the Chairman, Environment, Energy, and Natural Resources Subcommittee, Committee on Government Operations, House of Representatives. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1994.

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Book chapters on the topic "Mathematical models offer"

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Gallo, Federico, Pierluigi Contucci, Adam Coutts, and Ignacio Gallo. "Tackling Climate Change Through Energy Efficiency: Mathematical Models to Offer Evidence-Based Recommendations for Public Policy." In Applications of Mathematics in Models, Artificial Neural Networks and Arts, 131–46. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-8581-8_7.

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Broy, Manfred, Wolfgang Böhm, and Bernhard Rumpe. "Advanced Systems Engineering." In Model-Based Engineering of Collaborative Embedded Systems, 353–64. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62136-0_19.

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AbstractAdvanced systems engineering (ASE) is a new paradigm for agile, efficient, evolutionary, and quality-aware development of complex cyber-physical systems using modern digital technologies and tools. ASE is essentially enabled by smart digital modeling tools for specifying, modeling, testing, simulating, and analyzing the system under development embedded in a coherent and consistent methodology.The German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) projects SPES2020, SPES_XT, and CrESt offer such a methodology and framework for model-based systems engineering (MBSE). The framework provides a comprehensive methodology for MBSE that is independent of tools and modeling languages. The framework also offers a comprehensive set of concrete modeling techniques and activities that build on a formal, mathematical foundation. The SPES framework is based on four principles that are of paramount importance: (1) Functional as well as non-functional requirements fully modeled and understood at system level. (2) Consistent consideration of interfaces at each system level. (3) Decomposition of systems into subsystems and their interfaces. (4) Models for a variety of cross-sectional topics (e.g., variability, safety, dynamics).
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Şahin, Ahmet, Zehra Can, and Erinc Albey. "A Mathematical Model for Customer Lifetime Value Based Offer Management." In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 27–45. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-94809-6_2.

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Feng, Runhuan, José Garrido, Longhao Jin, Sooie-Hoe Loke, and Linfeng Zhang. "Epidemic Compartmental Models and Their Insurance Applications." In Springer Actuarial, 13–40. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78334-1_2.

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AbstractOur society’s efforts to fight pandemics rely heavily on our ability to understand, model and predict the transmission dynamics of infectious diseases. Compartmental models are among the most commonly used mathematical tools to explain reported infections and deaths. This chapter offers a brief overview of basic compartmental models as well as several actuarial applications, ranging from product design and reserving of epidemic insurance, to the projection of healthcare demand and the allocation of scarce resources. The intent is to bridge classical epidemiological models with actuarial and financial applications that provide healthcare coverage and utilise limited healthcare resources during pandemics.
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Habyarimana, Ephrem, and Sofia Michailidou. "Genomics Data." In Big Data in Bioeconomy, 69–76. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71069-9_6.

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AbstractIn silico prediction of plant performance is gaining increasing breeders’ attention. Several statistical, mathematical and machine learning methodologies for analysis of phenotypic, omics and environmental data typically use individual or a few data layers. Genomic selection is one of the applications, where heterogeneous data, such as those from omics technologies, are handled, accommodating several genetic models of inheritance. There are many new high throughput Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) platforms on the market producing whole-genome data at a low cost. Hence, large-scale genomic data can be produced and analyzed enabling intercrosses and fast-paced recurrent selection. The offspring properties can be predicted instead of manually evaluated in the field . Breeders have a short time window to make decisions by the time they receive data, which is one of the major challenges in commercial breeding. To implement genomic selection routinely as part of breeding programs, data management systems and analytics capacity have therefore to be in order. The traditional relational database management systems (RDBMS), which are designed to store, manage and analyze large-scale data, offer appealing characteristics, particularly when they are upgraded with capabilities for working with binary large objects. In addition, NoSQL systems were considered effective tools for managing high-dimensional genomic data. MongoDB system, a document-based NoSQL database, was effectively used to develop web-based tools for visualizing and exploring genotypic information. The Hierarchical Data Format (HDF5), a member of the high-performance distributed file systems family, demonstrated superior performance with high-dimensional and highly structured data such as genomic sequencing data.
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Fisher, William P. "Measurement Systems, Brilliant Processes, and Exceptional Results in Healthcare: Untapped Potentials of Person-Centered Outcome Metrology for Cultivating Trust." In Springer Series in Measurement Science and Technology, 357–96. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-07465-3_12.

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AbstractAn historic shift in focus on the quality and person-centeredness of health care has occurred in the last two decades. Accounts of results produced from reinvigorated attention to the measurement, management, and improvement of the outcomes of health care show that much has been learned, and much remains to be done. This article proposes that causes of the failure to replicate in health care the benefits of “lean” methods lie in persistent inattention to measurement fundamentals. These fundamentals must extend beyond mathematical and technical issues to the social, economic, and political processes involved in constituting trustworthy performance measurement systems. Successful “lean” implementations will follow only when duly diligent investments in these fundamentals are undertaken. Absent those investments, average people will not be able to leverage brilliant processes to produce exceptional outcomes, and we will remain stuck with broken processes in which even brilliant people can produce only flawed results. The methodological shift in policy and practice prescribed by the authors of the chapters in this book moves away from prioritizing the objectivity of data in centrally planned and executed statistical modeling, and toward scientific models that prioritize the objectivity of substantive and invariant unit quantities. The chapters in this book describe scientific modeling’s bottom-up, emergent and evolving standards for mass customized comparability. Though the technical aspects of the scientific modeling perspective are well established in health care outcomes measurement, operationalization of the social, economic, and political aspects required for creating new degrees of trust in health care institutions remains at a nascent stage of development. Potentials for extending everyday thinking in new directions offer hope for achieving previously unattained levels of efficacy in health care improvement efforts.
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Wachira, Patrick. "Learning to Teach Mathematics Online." In Handbook of Research on Online Pedagogical Models for Mathematics Teacher Education, 234–44. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1476-4.ch014.

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Online learning has become an important vehicle for student learning. The number of students choosing the online learning option to earn their degrees has grown over the recent years. Many universities across the US already offer web-based learning and are placing more courses online. This trend is motivated by several issues among which is new pedagogical opportunities web-based learning provides, advancement on research in online education, increasing student numbers, reaching diverse audiences, and meeting students at their own time and place. Even so, there is little research on its effectiveness especially in the context of mathematics teaching to strengthen preservice teachers' subject-matter knowledge and pedagogical skills. This chapter presents an investigation into how online learning can meet the goals of teaching mathematics in a way that is consistent with mathematics education reform goals of developing mathematical understanding.
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Pitvorec, Kathleen, and Mary Jo Tavormina. "Hybrid Courses for Preparing Elementary Mathematics Specialists." In Handbook of Research on Online Pedagogical Models for Mathematics Teacher Education, 79–98. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1476-4.ch006.

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Post-secondary education has seen an explosion of interest in computer-supported collaborative learning as a pathway for teacher education. Hybrid courses potentially provide broader access to coursework while keeping costs manageable. In this chapter, the authors report on the iterated design and implementation of hybrid courses designed to prepare teachers to become elementary mathematics specialists. The authors describe a framework for building face-to-face and synchronous online sessions that complement each other, while attending to community building, the exploration of mathematical and pedagogical content, as well as the development of leadership skills and tools. They discuss how they have addressed the challenges of online coursework in their evolving course design. They present their successes and how they have capitalized on the opportunities these successes offer, and they conclude by synthesizing the lessons they have learned, the implications of our work, and the recommendations they have for moving forward.
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Pessa, Eliano. "Neural Network Models." In Relational Methodologies and Epistemology in Economics and Management Sciences, 100–127. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-9770-6.ch003.

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The Artificial Neural Network (ANN) models gained a wide popularity owing to a number of claimed advantages such as biological plausibility, tolerance with respect to errors or noise in the input data, learning ability allowing an adaptability to environmental constraints. Notwithstanding the fact that most of these advantages are not typical only of ANNs, engineers, psychologists and neuroscientists made an extended use of ANN models in a large number of scientific investigations. In most cases, however, these models have been introduced in order to provide optimization tools more useful than the ones commonly used by traditional Optimization Theory. Unfortunately, just the successful performance of ANN models in optimization tasks produced a widespread neglect of the true – and important – objectives pursued by the first promoters of these models. These objectives can be shortly summarized by the manifesto of connectionist psychology, stating that mental processes are nothing but macroscopic phenomena, emergent from the cooperative interaction of a large number of microscopic knowledge units. This statement – wholly in line with the goal of statistical mechanics – can be readily extended to other processes, beyond the mental ones, including social, economic, and, in general, organizational ones. Therefore this chapter has been designed in order to answer a number of related questions, such as: are the ANN models able to grant for the occurrence of this sort of emergence? How can the occurrence of this emergence be empirically detected? How can the emergence produced by ANN models be controlled? In which sense the ANN emergence could offer a new paradigm for the explanation of macroscopic phenomena? Answering these questions induces to focus the chapter on less popular ANNs, such as the recurrent ones, while neglecting more popular models, such as perceptrons, and on less used units, such as spiking neurons, rather than on McCulloch-Pitts neurons. Moreover, the chapter must mention a number of strategies of emergence detection, useful for researchers performing computer simulations of ANN behaviours. Among these strategies it is possible to quote the reduction of ANN models to continuous models, such as the neural field models or the neural mass models, the recourse to the methods of Network Theory and the employment of techniques borrowed by Statistical Physics, like the one based on the Renormalization Group. Of course, owing to space (and mathematical expertise) requirements, most mathematical details of the proposed arguments are neglected, and, to gain more information, the reader is deferred to the quoted literature.
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Dema, Barbara, Sthefany Pagliari, and Arturo Reyes-Sandoval. "Vaccines Against SARS-CoV-2. Eradicating COVID-19." In Moving From COVID-19 Mathematical Models to Vaccine Design: Theory, Practice and Experiences, 468–518. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/9789815051902122010016.

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<div>A year after the COVID-19 pandemic started, a global effort to develop vaccines</div><div>and make them available to the public, has prompted a turning point in the history of vaccine</div><div>development. The post-COVID era has accelerated the efforts to bring novel platform vaccine</div><div>technologies such as nucleic acid or viral-vectored vaccines, which were proved to offer safety,</div><div>efficacy, and speed in development and production, but have restricted records in the clinic. To date,</div><div>five candidate vaccines have been approved for emergency use by different regulatory agencies across the world, after demonstrating their robust immunogenicity response and efficacy against</div><div>SARS-COV-2 infection. We summarize and analyse the progression of those vaccines with major</div><div>research development and results in peer-reviewed journals.</div>
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Conference papers on the topic "Mathematical models offer"

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Dobchuk, Jeff W., Richard T. Burton, Peter N. Nikiforuk, and Paul R. Ukrainetz. "Mathematical Modeling of a Variable Displacement Axial Piston Pump." In ASME 1999 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1999-0762.

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Abstract The variable displacement axial piston pump has been the subject of much research, having been studied from the controls, noise reduction, and design perspectives. The resulting body of research is large and very diverse in content. A review of the available publications was conducted for this paper in order to identify those works that would be most helpful in developing a complete and accurate mathematical model of an axial piston pump. Most of the available publications can be classified into one of two general groups; those describing a small group of components to understand specific phenomena or those describing the entire pump for control or design purposes. The significant mathematical developments in various publications regarding specific phenomena, particularly those works involving nonlinear friction or pressure transients, were identified by the authors in this paper. When the mathematical developments of the phenomena specific effects are combined with the widely accepted kinematics equations for the pump, an accurate numerical model can be developed. Works on linearized lumped parameter models and parameter sensitivity were examined for this paper and the limitations of these types of models were addressed. While linearized models offer mathematical simplicity, they suffer from poor accuracy over a wide range of operating conditions and do not reflect instantaneous swashplate dynamics. This paper offers insight into the required complexity of a mathematical model that is necessary to achieve a desired accuracy as well as providing the appropriate references to develop that model.
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Dyadichev, V. V. "Algorithm Synthesis of Controlling a Transport Unit of a Coextrusion Flexible Manufacturing Section for Processing Multicomponent Materials." In Modern Trends in Manufacturing Technologies and Equipment. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644901755-53.

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Abstract. The paper offers a mathematical model of the process of coextrusion flexible manufacturing section functioning. On the basis of dynamic programming method an algorithm of controlling transport unit of coextrusion flexible manufacturing system is developed. The objective of the current research is the development of the mathematical model of the flexible manufacturing complex for processing multicomponent materials functioning process, and construction of the algorithm of controlling a transport unit of a coextrusion flexible manufacturing complex for processing multicomponent materials on this basis. The paper offers the criterion of evaluating the quality of controlling the transport unit. The chosen variant of controlling the transport unit has to meet many requirements. This paper con-siders the issues connected with the search for an optimum algorithm of control-ling a transport unit according to the set criterion. Most works offer analytical models which are based on the assumption of the current processes’ stability. Real manufacturing conditions are characterized by the effect of numerous perturbing factors. Under such conditions the assumption of the current processes’ stability makes the obtained models almost untrue.
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Tripp, David E., John H. Hemann, and John P. Gyekenyesi. "A Review of Failure Models for Ceramic Matrix Composite Laminates Under Monotonic Loads." In ASME 1989 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/89-gt-153.

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Ceramic matrix composites offer significant potential for improving the performance of turbine engines. In order to achieve their potential, however, improvements in design methodology are needed. In the past most components using structural ceramic matrix composites were designed by “trial and error” since the emphasis on feasibility demonstration minimized the development of mathematical models. To understand the key parameters controlling response and the mechanics of failure, the development of structural failure models is required. A review of short term failure models with potential for ceramic matrix composite laminates under monotonic loads is presented. Phenomenological, semi-empirical, shear-lag, fracture mechanics, damage mechanics, and statistical models for the fast fracture analysis of continuous fiber unidirectional ceramic matrix composites under monotonic loads are surveyed.
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Malak, Richard J., and Christiaan J. J. Paredis. "Using Support Vector Machines to Formalize the Valid Input Domain of Models in Data-Driven Predictive Modeling for Systems Design." In ASME 2009 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2009-87376.

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Predictive modeling can be a valuable tool for systems designers, allowing them to capture and reuse knowledge from a set of observed data related to their system. An important challenge associated with predictive modeling is that of describing the domain over which model predictions are valid. This is necessary to avoid extrapolating beyond the original data, particularly when designers use predictive models in concert with optimizers or other computational routines that search a model’s input space automatically. The general problem of domain description is complicated by the characteristics of observational data sets, which can contain small numbers of samples, can have nonlinear associations among the variables, can be non-convex, and can occur in largely disjoint clusters. Support Vector Machine (SVM) techniques, developed originally in the machine learning community, offer a solution to this problem. This paper is a description of a kernel-based SVM approach that yields a formal mathematical description of the valid input domain of a predictive model. The approach also provides for cluster analysis, which can lead to improved model accuracy through the decomposition of a data set into multiple subsets that designers can model independently. The paper includes a mathematical presentation of kernel-based SVM methods, an explanation of the procedure for applying the approach to predictive modeling problems, and illustrative examples for applying and using the approach in systems design.
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Markocsan, N., P. Nylen, P. Fogarassy, and A. Manescu. "Residual Stress Analysis in Plasma Sprayed Free-Standing Zirconia Components." In ITSC2004, edited by Basil R. Marple and Christian Moreau. ASM International, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2004p0101.

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Abstract New technologies as Near Net-Shape Spray Forming offer good possibilities to obtain quickly and easily nozzle type refractory components. Excessive material utilisation and laborious machining can be avoided. Cylindrical shape components have been obtained by plasma spraying of yttria partially stabilized zirconia powder on a preshaped mandrel which was subsequently removed. Residual stress analysis through the coatings has been performed using three evaluation methods. A mathematical model able to predict the levels of residual stress is presented and used. A finite element analysis is developed in order to calculate the residual stress field in the near-net shape formed coatings. The validation of the theoretical analysis and mathematical models were performed by neutron diffraction measurements. The experimental results are in good agreement with those obtained by analytical methods and reveal low levels of residual stresses within the sprayed coatings.
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Sigal, Ian A., Hongli Yang, Michael D. Roberts, and J. Crawford Downs. "Using Mesh Morphing to Study the Influence of Geometry on Biomechanics: An Example in Ocular Biomechanics." In ASME 2008 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2008-193069.

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Biomechanical response is often influenced by the geometry (shape) of a system. Numerical techniques such as the finite element (FE) method offer the possibility of incorporating geometric details of a system into a mathematical model with a greater level of detail than is generally achievable with purely analytical models. In this vein, FE models of biological structures tend to fall into two broad categories: generic models and specimen-specific models. Generic models are attractive because the geometric features of interest may be cast as variable parameters that simplify analysis of factor influence, but may be limited in what can be predicted about a specific specimen. In contrast, specimen-specific models may contain a high level of geometric detail, but analysis of the influence of geometry can be more complicated.
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Narimani, A., and M. F. Golnaraghi. "Modeling and Control of Magnetorheological Dampers for Vibration Isolation." In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-42467.

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Semi-active isolators offer significant improvement in performance over passive isolators. These systems benefit from the advantages of active systems with the reliability of the passive systems. In this work we study a vibration isolation system with a magnetorheological (MR) damper. The experimental investigation of the mechanical properties of a commercially available linear MR damper (RD-1005-3) was conducted next. The mathematical Bouc-Wen model was adopted to predict the performance of MR damper. In addition, a modified Bingham model has been developed to characterize the damper behavior more accurately and efficiently. The measured hysteresis characteristics of field-dependent damping forces are compared with the simulation results from the described mathematical models. The accuracy of a damping-force controller using the proposed method is also demonstrated experimentally. Finally, a scaled quarter car model is set up to study the performance of the control strategy. The experimental results show that with the semi-active control the vibration of the quarter car model is well controlled.
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Haverkamp, B., J. Krone, and I. Shybetskyi. "Long-Term Safety Assessment of Trench-Type Surface Repository at Chernobyl, Ukraine — Computer Model and Comparison With Results From Simplified Models." In ASME 2013 15th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2013-96224.

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The Radioactive Waste Disposal Facility (RWDF) Buryakovka was constructed in 1986 as part of the intervention measures after the accident at Chernobyl NPP (ChNPP). Today, the surface repository for solid low and intermediate level waste (LILW) is still being operated but its maximum capacity is nearly reached. Long-existing plans for increasing the capacity of the facility shall be implemented in the framework of the European Commission INSC Programme (Instrument for Nuclear Safety Co-operation). Within the first phase of this project, DBE TECHNOLOGY GmbH prepared a safety analysis report of the facility in its current state (SAR) and a preliminary safety analysis report (PSAR) for a future extended facility based on the planned enlargement. In addition to a detailed mathematical model, also simplified models have been developed to verify results of the former one and enhance confidence in the results. Comparison of the results show that — depending on the boundary conditions — simplifications like modeling the multi trench repository as one generic trench might have very limited influence on the overall results compared to the general uncertainties associated with respective long-term calculations. In addition to their value in regard to verification of more complex models which is important to increase confidence in the overall results, such simplified models can also offer the possibility to carry out time consuming calculations like probabilistic calculations or detailed sensitivity analysis in an economic manner.
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Salanova Grau, Josep Maria, and Miquel Estrada Romeu. "Social optimal shifts and fares of taxi services." In CIT2016. Congreso de Ingeniería del Transporte. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/cit2016.2016.3254.

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This paper presents a mathematical model for supporting the decision and policy making related to the optimal determination of shifts and fares of taxi services in a major city. The model is based on the system’s generalized cost function and uses continuous approximations and geometric probabilities for estimating the key performance indicators of the taxi market, which are waiting and access time for the customers (in-vehicle travel time does not depend on the offer side) and benefits for the drivers. The model is based on an econometric model with the inclusion of an elastic demand, which allows the estimation of the optimal values for the two decision variables of the problem: fare structure and the taxi fleet size. The model also accounts for a full-day time period instead of the one-hour time frame models used in most of the taxi models, which allows for providing insights on the daily duration and distribution of the shifts that should be defined by the policy makers.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIT2016.2016.3254
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Doria, Alberto, and Marco Lucchini. "An Experimentally Validated Model of a Motorcycle Shock Absorber for Studying Suspension Dynamics." In ASME 2011 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2011-47214.

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Nowadays advanced shock absorbers are equipped with hydraulic valves that offer many possibilities of adjustment of orifices and shims. The theoretical force-velocity curve can be accurately designed and modified by means of these adjustments, in order to achieve the desired performance. Actually, compressibility of gas in compensation chamber, compressibility of oil, cavitation and compliance of seals and cylinders can significantly alter the force-velocity diagram. In some working conditions the behavior of the shock absorber may differ from the optimized one, with important consequences on the performance of the vehicle. Therefore there is the need of mathematical models able to predict the behavior of shock absorbers in the presence of large hysteresis phenomena, these models cannot be too complex and cumbersome, because they have to be implemented in multibody models of vehicles. The paper starts showing some experimental data collected by testing in laboratory a motorcycle shock absorber and aims to quantify the effect of hysteresis on performance and tuning. Then a mathematical model of a shock absorber is developed and presented. Valves are modeled with detail taking into account flow through bleed orifices and shim stacks and the effect of adjustments can be predicted. Compressibility of oil and compliances are taken into account by means of an equivalent compressibility coefficient. The model has a little number of parameters and a method is presented for identifying these parameters from laboratory tests. Some simulations show that the model is able to predict the behavior of the shock absorber over a wide range of frequencies. After validation, the shock absorber model is implemented into a two degree of freedom model of a rear suspension of a motorcycle. A MATLAB code is developed to solve the system of differential equations that describe the dynamic response of the suspension and the fluid motion inside the shock absorber. The response of the vehicle to a road bump is simulated. Acceleration of the suspended mass and tire load fluctuations show the effect of hysteresis and of adjustments of shock absorber on the performance of the vehicle.
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Reports on the topic "Mathematical models offer"

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Pritchett, Lant, Kirsty Newman, and Jason Silberstein. Focus to Flourish: Five Actions to Accelerate Progress in Learning. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-misc_2022/07.

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There is a severe global learning crisis. While nearly all children start school, far too many do not learn even the most foundational skills of reading, writing, and basic mathematics during the years they spend there. The urgent need to address this crisis requires no elaborate reasoning. If one starts with love for a child, a human universal, it is easy to see that in the modern world a child’s dignity, self-worth, and freedom to define their own destiny require an adequate education. An adequate education is what will then enable that child to lead a full adult life as a parent, community member, citizen, and worker in the 21st century. To enable every child to leave school with the foundational skills they need will require fundamental changes to education systems. Since 2015, the Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE) Programme, with which we are affiliated, has been conducting research exploring how to make these changes through country research teams in seven countries (Ethiopia, India, Indonesia, Nigeria, Pakistan, Tanzania, and Vietnam) and crosscutting teams on the political economy of education reform. Drawing on the cumulative body of research on learning outcomes and systems of education in the developing world, both from the RISE Programme and other sources, we advocate for five key actions to drive system transformation. (See next page.) A message cutting across all five actions is “focus to flourish”. Education systems have been tremendously successful at achieving specific educational goals, such as expanding schooling, because that is what they committed to, that is what they measured, that is what they were aligned for, and that is what they supported. In order to achieve system transformation for learning, systems must focus on learning and then act accordingly. Only after a system prioritises learning from among myriad competing educational goals can it dedicate the tremendous energies necessary to succeed at improving learning. The research points to these five actions as a means to chart a path out of the learning crisis and toward a future that offers foundational skills to all children. The first section that follows provides background on the depth and nature of the learning crisis. The remainder of the document explains each of the five actions in turn, synthesising the research that informs each action, contrasting that action with the prevailing status quo, and describing what the action would entail in practice.
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