Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Mathematical and software'
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Olsson, Jan. "Dynamic software enhancing creative mathematical reasoning." Licentiate thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskapernas och matematikens didaktik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-90285.
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This thesis includes two articles and a coat. The articles present two studies investigating students’ reasoning when they were working in pairs, solving mathematics problems using the dynamic software, GeoGebra, The first study shows that the students used GeoGebra as a collaborative environment where they shared their individual reasoning to one another. Furthermore, GeoGebra provided the students with feedback that, to some extent, became a basis for their creative reasoning. The second study looked more closely into the relation between students’ reasoning and their utilization of the feedback generated by GeoGebra. The study showed that students who before entering computer commands used creative mathematical reasoning to hypothesize what the outcome may be, understood the feedback from software better and used it more efficiently. The students who engaged in imitative reasoning were mainly able to use feedback to determine if a solution attempt was correct or not, but did not fully understand the feedback and were less able to use it to make further progress in solving the task. The coat explains theories and methodologies more thoroughly and discusses the results of the two articles. In a concluding discussion the results of the articles are linked and possible implications for teaching are proposed. In school it is common that teachers and textbooks provide students with algorithmic solution templates to tasks, but in the study the didactic situation with dynamic software was found to invite students to create their own solution methods. Furthermore the thesis suggests that it could be beneficial for the students to be encouraged to pay more attention to their own solving strategies, i.e. to explain and evaluate their methods and results rather than merely looking for the correct answers.
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Chang, Tyler Hunter. "Mathematical Software for Multiobjective Optimization Problems." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/98915.
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In this thesis, two distinct problems in data-driven computational science are considered. The main problem of interest is the multiobjective optimization problem, where the tradeoff surface (called the Pareto front) between multiple conflicting objectives must be approximated in order to identify designs that balance real-world tradeoffs. In order to solve multiobjective optimization problems that are derived from computationally expensive blackbox functions, such as engineering design optimization problems, several methodologies are combined, including surrogate modeling, trust region methods, and adaptive weighting. The result is a numerical software package that finds approximately Pareto optimal solutions that are evenly distributed across the Pareto front, using minimal cost function evaluations. The second problem of interest is the closely related problem of multivariate interpolation, where an unknown response surface representing an underlying phenomenon is approximated by finding a function that exactly matches available data. To solve the interpolation problem, a novel algorithm is proposed for computing only a sparse subset of the elements in the Delaunay triangulation, as needed to compute the Delaunay interpolant. For high-dimensional data, this reduces the time and space complexity of Delaunay interpolation from exponential time to polynomial time in practice. For each of the above problems, both serial and parallel implementations are described. Additionally, both solutions are demonstrated on real-world problems in computer system performance modeling.Doctor of Philosophy
Science and engineering are full of multiobjective tradeoff problems. For example, a portfolio manager may seek to build a financial portfolio with low risk, high return rates, and minimal transaction fees; an aircraft engineer may seek a design that maximizes lift, minimizes drag force, and minimizes aircraft weight; a chemist may seek a catalyst with low viscosity, low production costs, and high effective yield; or a computational scientist may seek to fit a numerical model that minimizes the fit error while also minimizing a regularization term that leverages domain knowledge. Often, these criteria are conflicting, meaning that improved performance by one criterion must be at the expense of decreased performance in another criterion. The solution to a multiobjective optimization problem allows decision makers to balance the inherent tradeoff between conflicting objectives. A related problem is the multivariate interpolation problem, where the goal is to predict the outcome of an event based on a database of past observations, while exactly matching all observations in that database. Multivariate interpolation problems are equally as prevalent and impactful as multiobjective optimization problems. For example, a pharmaceutical company may seek a prediction for the costs and effects of a proposed drug; an aerospace engineer may seek a prediction for the lift and drag of a new aircraft design; or a search engine may seek a prediction for the classification of an unlabeled image. Delaunay interpolation offers a unique solution to this problem, backed by decades of rigorous theory and analytical error bounds, but does not scale to high-dimensional "big data" problems. In this thesis, novel algorithms and software are proposed for solving both of these extremely difficult problems.
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Vasylenko, Oleksii, Viktor Chuprynka, and Natalia Chuprynka. "Mathematical software for automated gloves design." Thesis, Київський національний університет технологій та дизайну, 2021. https://er.knutd.edu.ua/handle/123456789/19096.
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Mwangi, Timothy M. "Software tools for elementary math education : animated mathematical proofs." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/85451.
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Thesis: M. Eng., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2013.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (page 47).
The National Council of Teachers of Mathematics [6] has identified the learning of proofs as a critical goal for students from pre-kindergarten through grade 12 (p. 56). A proof for elementary students is not the highly structured mathematical argument seen in high school algebra classes. It is, however, a rational mathematical argument created by students using the appropriate vocabulary for their level of understanding. To aid students in learning to create mathematical proofs software that enables them to create simple animations is invaluable. This thesis looks at the characteristics, design, testing and evaluation of such software. An initial design is presented and the feedback gained from testing its implementation in a class setting is discussed along with the changes that were required to improve the software in light of the feedback. A comparison is then made between the final implementation of the software and other similar programs. The results indicate that the software enables students to create, share and discuss mathematical proofs in the form of simple animations.
by Timothy M. Mwangi.
M. Eng.
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Smith, Barbara Mary. "Bus crew scheduling using mathematical programming." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1986. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/1053/.
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This thesis describes a bus crew scheduling system, IMPACS, which has been demonstrated to be successful for a wide variety of scheduling conditions, and is at present in regular use by three British bus companies including the largest, London Buses Ltd. The background to the bus crew scheduling problem 1S described and the existing literature on methods for solution is reviewed. In IMPACS, the crew scheduling problem is formulated as an integer linear programme using a formulation which is an extension of set covering; a very large set of possible duties is generated, from which the duties forming the schedule are selected in such a way as to minimise the total cost. The variables of the set covering problem correspond to the duties generated and the constraints to the pieces of work in the bus schedule. For realistic schedules, it is impossible to generate all legal duties, and there are often too many pieces of work to allow each one to give rise to a constraint. IMPACS contains several heuristic methods which reduce the set covering problem to a manageable size, while still allowing good quality schedules to be compiled. Techniques for speeding up the solution of the set covering problem have been investigated, and in particular a branching strategy which exploits features of the crew scheduling problem has been developed.
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Giuliani, Giulia. "Analysis and improvement of a software framework for solving mathematical puzzles." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019.
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I giochi matematici costituiscono un ampio e popolare campo, richiedendo differenti livelli di capacità ed abilità per risolvere i diversi problemi. Sono usati ogni giorno nelle scuole per allenare gli studenti, per spronarli nell'applicazione delle loro conoscenze. Se pensassimo i sistemi informatici come un giovane, che ha bisogno di imparare e migliorare le sue abilità, potremmo poi applicar loro lo stesso tipo di allenamento.
Con quest’idea, in questo lavoro ci focalizzeremo sull'analisi dei diversi tipi di giochi matematici che le competizioni per giovani studenti offrono, capendo le differenti categorie e le loro caratteristiche.
Approfondiremo anche i problemi legati all'analisi delle immagini, poiché nella risoluzione è molto importante la corretta comprensione dei dati di input, un compito che diventa più impegnativo nel momento in cui dobbiamo confrontarci con diversi tipi di fonti.
Continuando ad analizzare questo percorso, analizzeremo come l’elaborazione del testo e dei diagrammi funzioni singolarmente, in modo da poter poi alla fine modellare i puzzle usando la combinazione di questi dati. L'NLP è il campo collegato all'elaborazione delle informazioni testuali, mentre per le immagini partiremo da un lavoro esistente, provando a migliorarlo e incrementare le funzionalità che offre.
Il lavoro è quindi strutturato in 3 diverse aree:
• Riorganizzazione e miglioramento dell’esistente framework, rendendolo più user friendly e andando a colmare alcune mancanze nei predicati per l’analisi dell’immagine.
• Sviluppo del middle layer compreso tra l'NLP del testo e la definizione del modello del problema, mostrando come il modello stesso sia costruito, partendo dai dati iniziali.
• Sviluppo di una web application che combina tutti i lavori, in modo da rendere disponibile agli utenti uno strumento per la risoluzione di giochi matematici, offrendo inoltre la possibilità di personalizzare il problema selezionato.
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Ferris, Michael Charles. "Weak sharp minima and penalty functions in mathematical programming." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.292969.
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Yau, Shuk-Han Ada. "Numerical analysis of finite difference schemes in automatically generated mathematical modeling software." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/35407.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1994.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 64-65).
by Shuk-Han Ada Yau.
M.S.
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Gill, Mandeep Singh. "Application of software engineering methodologies to the development of mathematical biological models." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:35178f3a-7951-4f1c-aeab-390cdd622b05.
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Mathematical models have been used to capture the behaviour of biological systems, from low-level biochemical reactions to multi-scale whole-organ models. Models are typically based on experimentally-derived data, attempting to reproduce the observed behaviour through mathematical constructs, e.g. using Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs) for spatially-homogeneous systems. These models are developed and published as mathematical equations, yet are of such complexity that they necessitate computational simulation. This computational model development is often performed in an ad hoc fashion by modellers who lack extensive software engineering experience, resulting in brittle, inefficient model code that is hard to extend and reuse. Several Domain Specific Languages (DSLs) exist to aid capturing such biological models, including CellML and SBML; however these DSLs are designed to facilitate model curation rather than simplify model development. We present research into the application of techniques from software engineering to this domain; starting with the design, development and implementation of a DSL, termed Ode, to aid the creation of ODE-based biological models. This introduces features beneficial to model development, such as model verification and reproducible results. We compare and contrast model development to large-scale software development, focussing on extensibility and reuse. This work results in a module system that enables the independent construction and combination of model components. We further investigate the use of software engineering processes and patterns to develop complex modular cardiac models. Model simulation is increasingly computationally demanding, thus models are often created in complex low-level languages such as C/C++. We introduce a highly-efficient, optimising native-code compiler for Ode that generates custom, model-specific simulation code and allows use of our structured modelling features without degrading performance. Finally, in certain contexts the stochastic nature of biological systems becomes relevant. We introduce stochastic constructs to the Ode DSL that enable models to use Stochastic Differential Equations (SDEs), the Stochastic Simulation Algorithm (SSA), and hybrid methods. These use our native-code implementation and demonstrate highly-efficient stochastic simulation, beneficial as stochastic simulation is highly computationally intensive. We introduce a further DSL to model ion channels declaratively, demonstrating the benefits of DSLs in the biological domain. This thesis demonstrates the application of software engineering methodologies, and in particular DSLs, to facilitate the development of both deterministic and stochastic biological models. We demonstrate their benefits with several features that enable the construction of large-scale, reusable and extensible models. This is accomplished whilst providing efficient simulation, creating new opportunities for biological model development, investigation and experimentation.
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Motiwala, Quaeed. "Optimizations for acyclic dataflow graphs for hardware-software codesign." Thesis, This resource online, 1994. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06302009-040504/.
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Donafee, Andrea. "Picture theory : algorithms and software." Thesis, University of Bedfordshire, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10547/305728.
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This thesis is concerned with developing and implementing algorithms based upon the geometry of pictures. Spherical pictures have been used in many areas of combinatorial group theory, and particularly, they have shown to be a useful method when studying the second homotopy module, 1T2, of a presentation ([3],[4],[7],[12],[41] and [64]). Computational programs that implement picture theoretical and design algorithms could advance the areas in which picture theory can be used, due to the much faster time taken to derive results than that of manual calculations. A variety of algorithms are presented. A data structure has been devised to represent spherical pictures. A method is given that verifies that a given data structure represents a picture, or set of pictures, over a group presentation. This method includes a new planarity testing algorithm, which can be performed on any graph. A computational algorithm has been implemented that determines if a given presentation defines a group extension. This work is based upon the algorithm of Baik et al. [1] which has been developed using the theory of pictures. A 3-presentation for a group G is given by < P, s >, where P is a presentation for G and s is a set of generators for 1T2. The set s can be described in a number of ways. An algorithm is given that produces a generating set of spherical pictures for 1T2 when s is given in the form of identity sequences. Conversely, if s is given in terms of spherical pictures, then the corresponding identity sequences that describe 1T2 can be determined. The above algorithms are contained in the Spherical PIcture Editor (SPICE). SPICE is a software package that enables a user to manually draw pictures over group presentations and, for these pictures, call the algorithms described above. It also contains a library of generating pictures for the non abelian groups of order at most 30. Furthermore, a method has been implemented that automatically draws a spherical picture from a corresponding identity sequence. Again, this new graph drawing technique can be performed on any arbitrary graph.
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Ahmedshareef, Zana. "Controlling schedule duration during software project execution." Thesis, University of Brighton, 2015. https://research.brighton.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/819fb81b-e3c1-40ce-bad9-f44308fdbc79.
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This thesis describes a method of identifying the influences on schedule delays in projects that develop large software systems. Controlling schedule duration is a fundamental aspect of managing projects because of the financial losses associated with late projects. While challenges with controlling software projects have been investigated, there still seemed to be more to be learned about the interplay of a range of factors during project execution and that affect project duration when developing and integrating software systems within enterprise architecture environment.
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Simons, Edward. "THE EFFECTIVENESS OF DYNAMIC MATHEMATICAL SOFTWARE IN THE INSTRUCTION OF THE UNIT CIRCLE." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/959.
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This study is attempting to test the effectiveness of dynamic computer models such as GeoGebra and Desmos on high school students’ ability to understand key concepts with regards to the introduction of unit circle and the graphing of the sine and cosine functions.
Algebra two high school students of varying ages were chosen and randomly placed into two groups. Both groups were given the same pre-assessment and an identical lesson. The two groups’ only difference occurred with the individual student practice portion of the lesson where one group did ‘traditional’ paper and pencil practice for graphing and solving while the other group used only computer models as their individual practice. Both groups were then reassessed by giving the same assessment again. Their levels of improvement were compared using standard statistical analysis and a mean comparison test. The results showed a statistically significant improvement in the student group that used the dynamic models versus the group that did not use the computer. The sample size was large enough to generate a confidence value of over 99% (99.3%) so we were able to reject the null hypothesis that there was no difference between the group results and accept the hypothesis that
the student group that used the computer models improved by a statistically significant amount. The non computer group improved by 7.7 percent while the computer aided group improved by over 49 percent. This represented an 88 percent increase in the scores of the computer group when compared with the control group. I was able to definitively conclude that the dynamic software did have a significant and positive effect on the students' learning of the unit circle.
It is hoped that this information will be used to help inform more effective instruction for high school and college students as they learn this topic. It also provides a strong argument for an increased emphasis on educating teachers to become more fluent in the use of dynamic models and software as both a demonstration tool and as an interactive tool for their students in a variety of math levels. These results may also have wider applications to many other math topics and math instruction in general.
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Tor, S. B. "Geometric algorithms and data structures for CAD/CAM." Thesis, University of Westminster, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.356320.
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Keller, Benjamin J. "An algebraic model of software evolution." Thesis, This resource online, 1990. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-03122009-040841/.
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Yang, Xile. "Automatic software test data generation from Z specifications using evolutionary algorithms." Thesis, University of South Wales, 1998. https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/automatic-software-test-data-generation-from-z-specifications-using-evolutionary-algorithms(fd661850-9e09-4d28-a857-d551612ccc09).html.
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Test data sets have been automatically generated for both numerical and string data types to test the functionality of simple procedures and a good sized UNIX filing system from their Z specifications. Different structured properties of software systems are covered, such as arithmetic expressions, existential and universal quantifiers, set comprehension, union, intersection and difference, etc. A CASE tool ZTEST has been implemented to automatically generate test data sets. Test cases can be derived from the functionality of the Z specifications automatically. The test data sets generated from the test cases check the behaviour of the software systems for both valid and invalid inputs. Test cases are generated for the four boundary values and an intermediate value of the input search domain. For integer input variables, high quality test data sets can be generated on the search domain boundary and on each side of the boundary for both valid and invalid tests. Adaptive methods such as Genetic Algorithms and Simulated Annealing are used to generate test data sets from the test cases. GA is chosen as the default test data generator of ZTEST. Direct assignment is used if it is possible to make ZTEST system more efficient. Z is a formal language that can be used to precisely describe the functionality of computer systems. Therefore, the test data generation method can be used widely for test data generation of software systems. It will be very useful to the systems developed from Z specifications.
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Oliver, Stephen E. "T[subscript]EXspec, a Computer Aided Software Engineering tool for scientific and mathematical applications." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/mq62813.pdf.
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Vincent, Jill. "Mechanical linkages, dynamic geometry software, and argumentation : supporting a classroom culture of mathematical proof /." Connect to thesis, 2002. http://eprints.unimelb.edu.au/archive/00001399.
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Lux, Thomas Christian Hansen. "Interpolants, Error Bounds, and Mathematical Software for Modeling and Predicting Variability in Computer Systems." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/100059.
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Function approximation is an important problem. This work presents applications of interpolants to modeling random variables. Specifically, this work studies the prediction of distributions of random variables applied to computer system throughput variability. Existing approximation methods including multivariate adaptive regression splines, support vector regressors, multilayer perceptrons, Shepard variants, and the Delaunay mesh are investigated in the context of computer variability modeling. New methods of approximation using Box splines, Voronoi cells, and Delaunay for interpolating distributions of data with moderately high dimension are presented and compared with existing approaches. Novel theoretical error bounds are constructed for piecewise linear interpolants over functions with a Lipschitz continuous gradient. Finally, a mathematical software that constructs monotone quintic spline interpolants for distribution approximation from data samples is proposed.Doctor of Philosophy
It is common for scientists to collect data on something they are studying. Often scientists want to create a (predictive) model of that phenomenon based on the data, but the choice of how to model the data is a difficult one to answer. This work proposes methods for modeling data that operate under very few assumptions that are broadly applicable across science. Finally, a software package is proposed that would allow scientists to better understand the true distribution of their data given relatively few observations.
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Thomas, Angeli Elizabeth. "Mathematical modelling of evaporation mechanisms and instabilities in cryogenic liquids." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1999. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/50640/.
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In this thesis we propose a model for laminar natural convection within a mixture of two cryogenic fluids with preferential evaporation. This full model was developed after a number of smaller models of the behaviour of the surface of the fluid had been examined. Throughout we make careful comparison between our analytical and computational work and existing experimental and theoretical results. The coupled differential equations for the main model were solved using an explicit upwind scheme for the vorticity-transport, temperature and concentration equations and the multigrid method for the Poisson equation. From plots of the evolution of the system, it is found that convection becomes stronger when preferential evaporation is included. This new model demonstrates how to include preferential evaporation, and can be applied to other fluid systems.
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Lawson, Jane. "Towards error control for the numerical solution of parabolic equations." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.329947.
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Erson, E. Zeynep. "Development, Integration and Simulation of Multiscale Mathematical Models of Physiological Processes: A Software Engineering Perspective." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1289789036.
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Benson, T. J. Graeme. "Towards the development of a mathematician's assistant for the specification and implementation of parallel linear algebra software." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.388070.
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Ainsworth, Michael. "Viewpoints and refinement : a formal basis of viewpoint amalgamation using refinement techniques." Thesis, University of Bath, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.260286.
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Dahlman, Pär. "User Centred Design for adolescents withCerebral Palsy : Designing an eye controlled software to enhance mathematical activities." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för teknikvetenskap (SCI), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-93269.
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This study aims to find an answer to what prerequisites that needs to betaken into consideration when designing an eye controlled software formathematical activities carried out by children that suffers from cerebralpalsy. A user centred study was conducted at three habilitation centresaround Stockholm. This resulted in a high-fi prototype for columnarcalculation, in which findings from the study were incorporated.These findings included the need to be able to adjust colour, sizeand shape of interface elements, as the target group suffered from visualimpairments. The interface should have a simple and clean design, astoo appealing elements may draw the attention away from the task. Furthermore,it shouldn’t be too childish, despite the fact that the softwarecovers basic mathematics.The tasks should have various kinds of representation, such as readoutinstructions and visualizations. It is also theorized that by designingthe interface to have non-selectable elements, the user doesn’t needworry about clicking on buttons that affects the interface. Thus, thefocus can be on solving the task. The user should be encourage to solvetasks by getting feedback when a task is solved. This feedback shouldonly be given once per task, and should be customizable and optional.Den här studien syftar till att svara på frågan hur fysiska och kognitivaförutsättningar ska beaktas när ett ögonstyrt matematikhjälpmedel förbarn och ungdomar med cerebral pares designas. En användarcentreraddesignprocess vid tre habiliteringscenter genomfördes. Detta resulteradei en high-fi prototyp för matematiska uppställningar, i vilken aspekterfrån studiens resultat var integrerade.Dessa resultat innefattade ett behov att kunna ändra färger, formeroch storlek på grafiska element i gränssnittet. Detta eftersom mångaav användarna har cerebrala synnedsättningar (cvi) och är exempelviskänsliga för vissa kontraster. Gränssnittet ska även ha en enkel och rendesign, eftersom för tilltalande element kan leda till att de riktar sinuppmärksamhet på dessa, istället för att intressera sig för uppgiften.Programmet ska också stödja olika typer av representationer avuppgiften, så som visualiseringar och uppläsning. Detta förenklar processenatt förstå vad som förväntas utföras. Det argumenteras också förfördelarna med ett gränssnitt där stora delar av vyn inte är klickbar. Ioch med detta så kan användaren vila blicken och få en uppfattning omvar denne befinner sig, utan att behöva oroa sig för att råka klicka påen knapp och därigenom göra förändringar i gränssnittet.Användaren ska uppmuntras till att lösa uppgiften genom att fåfeedback. Denna återkoppling ska bara ske en gång per uppgift och varaanpassningsbar och valbar.
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Hosein, Anesa. "Students' approaches to mathematical tasks using software as a black-box, glass-box or open-box." Thesis, Open University, 2009. http://oro.open.ac.uk/22482/.
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Three mathematical software modes are investigated in this thesis: black-box software showing no mathematical steps; glass-box software showing the intermediate mathematical steps; and open-box software showing and allowing interaction at the intermediate mathematical steps. The glass-box and open-box software modes are often recommended over the black-box software to help understanding but there is limited research comparing all three. This research investigated students' performance and their approaches to solving three mathematical task types when assigned to the software boxes. Three approaches that students may undertake when solving the tasks were investigated: students' processing levels, their software exploration and their self-explanations. The effect of mathematics confidence on students' approaches and performance was also considered. Thirty-eight students were randomly assigned to one of the software boxes in an experimental design where all audio and video data were collected via a web-conference remote observation method. The students were asked to think-aloud whilst they solved three task types. The three task types were classified based on the level of conceptual and procedural knowledge needed for solving: mechanical tasks required procedural knowledge, interpretive tasks required conceptual knowledge; and constructive tasks used both conceptual and procedural knowledge. The results indicated that the relationship between students' approaches and performance varied with the software box. Students using the black-box software explored more for the constructive tasks than the students in the glass-box and open-box software. These black-box software students also performed better on the constructive tasks, particularly those with higher mathematics confidence. The open-box software appeared to encourage more mathematical explanations whilst the glass-box software encouraged more real-life explanations. Mathematically confident students were best able to appropriate the black-box software for their conceptual understanding. The glass-box software or open-box software appeared to be useful for helping students with procedural understanding and familiarity with mathematical terms.
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Merchant, Farid. "Simulating the Spread of Malaria: A Cellular Automaton Based Mathematical Model & A Prototype Software Implementation." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31313.
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Every year three million deaths are attributed to malaria, of which one-third are of children. Malaria is a vector-borne disease, where a mosquito acts as the vector that transmits the disease. In the last few years, computer simulation based models have been used effectively to study the vector population dynamics and control strategies of vector-borne diseases. Typically, these models use ordinary differential equations to simulate the spread of malaria. Although these models provide a powerful mechanism to study the spread of malaria, they have several shortcomings. The research in this thesis focuses on creating a simulation model based on the framework of cellular automata, which addresses many shortcomings of previous models. Cellular automata are dynamical systems, which are discrete in time and space. The implementation of the model proposed can easily be integrated with EpiSims/TRANSIMS. EpiSims is an epidemiological modeling tool for studying the spread of infectious diseases; it uses social contact network from TRANSIMS (A Transport Analysis and Simulation System). Simulation results from the prototype implementation showed qualitatively correct results for vector densities, diffusion and epidemiological curves.Master of Science
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Drach, Tetjana Oleksandrivna, and Oleksandr Evgenovich Goloskokov. "Research and development of mathematical and software solutions of the information system of situational enterprise management." Thesis, NTU "KhPI", 2018. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/38079.
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Baker, Josef B. "A linear grammar approach for the analysis of mathematical documents." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2012. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/3377/.
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Many approaches have been proposed for the recognition of mathematical formulae, traditionally using the results of optical character recognition over scanned documents. However, optical character recognition generally performs poorly when presented with mathematics, making it difficult to accurately parse formulae. Due to the rapidly increasing number of natively digital documents available, an alternative to optical character recognition is now available, that of analysing files directly instead of images. In this thesis, we explore such a method, analysing files in the ubiquitous Portable Document Format directly and combining it with image analysis, to produce the necessary information for the analysis of mathematical formulae and documents. We also revisit a method proposed in the 1960s for parsing handwritten mathematics. An extremely efficient, yet impractical approach due to a reliance of perfect input and precise character positioning. We heavily modify and extend this method, removing many of its restrictions and use it in conjunction with the perfect input from the PDF analysis, yielding high quality results which compare favourably with the leading scientific document analysis system.
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Van, Koten Chikako, and n/a. "Bayesian statistical models for predicting software effort using small datasets." University of Otago. Department of Information Science, 2007. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20071009.120134.
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The need of today�s society for new technology has resulted in the development of a growing number of software systems. Developing a software system is a complex endeavour that requires a large amount of time. This amount of time is referred to as software development effort. Software development effort is the sum of hours spent by all individuals involved. Therefore, it is not equal to the duration of the development.
Accurate prediction of the effort at an early stage of development is an important factor in the successful completion of a software system, since it enables the developing organization to allocate and manage their resource effectively. However, for many software systems, accurately predicting the effort is a challenge. Hence, a model that assists in the prediction is of active interest to software practitioners and researchers alike.
Software development effort varies depending on many variables that are specific to the system, its developmental environment and the organization in which it is being developed. An accurate model for predicting software development effort can often be built specifically for the target system and its developmental environment. A local dataset of similar systems to the target system, developed in a similar environment, is then used to calibrate the model.
However, such a dataset often consists of fewer than 10 software systems, causing a serious problem in the prediction, since predictive accuracy of existing models deteriorates as the size of the dataset decreases.
This research addressed this problem with a new approach using Bayesian statistics. This particular approach was chosen, since the predictive accuracy of a Bayesian statistical model is not so dependent on a large dataset as other models. As the size of the dataset decreases to fewer than 10 software systems, the accuracy deterioration of the model is expected to be less than that of existing models. The Bayesian statistical model can also provide additional information useful for predicting software development effort, because it is also capable of selecting important variables from multiple candidates. In addition, it is parametric and produces an uncertainty estimate.
This research developed new Bayesian statistical models for predicting software development effort. Their predictive accuracy was then evaluated in four case studies using different datasets, and compared with other models applicable to the same small dataset.
The results have confirmed that the best new models are not only accurate but also consistently more accurate than their regression counterpart, when calibrated with fewer than 10 systems. They can thus replace the regression model when using small datasets. Furthermore, one case study has shown that the best new models are more accurate than a simple model that predicts the effort by calculating the average value of the calibration data. Two case studies has also indicated that the best new models can be more accurate for some software systems than a case-based reasoning model.
Since the case studies provided sufficient empirical evidence that the new models are generally more accurate than existing models compared, in the case of small datasets, this research has produced a methodology for predicting software development effort using the new models.
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Perez, Ivan Rodolfo Duran Cruz. "Geração automatica de cenarios de teste a partir de modelos da especificação de sistemas." [s.n.], 2008. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/276180.
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Orientador: Eliane MartinsDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Computação
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Resumo: As crescentes exigências em relação à melhoria de qualidade e a redução de custos e prazos têm tornado comum à busca por soluções mais eficientes para desenvolvimento e testes de sistemas. Com relação aos testes, uma recomendação é a de começá-los mais cedo, e, de preferência, automatizar o que for possível para evitar enganos cometidos pelos testadores. Assim, uma área de pesquisa que está em evidência atualmente é a de testes baseados em modelos (MBT), onde muitos estudos têm sido realizados visando o desenvolvimento de soluções para automação de testes a partir de modelos criados durante o ciclo de desenvolvimento. Nesta dissertação é proposto um método para geração automática de cenários de teste a partir de modelos da especificação de sistemas, baseando-se em um trabalho prévio para geração de testes de componentes de software. Os modelos utilizados para geração dos testes são os Diagramas de Atividades UML, criados a partir da descrição dos casos de uso, para Testes de Sistemas. A partir deles são gerados cenários de teste que descrevem as interações do sistema, tais como, as ações dos atores e as situações esperadas, incluindo também os cenários de exceção. A aplicação deste método na prática foi feita com êxito por uma equipe de testadores em sistemas reais. De forma geral, os modelos especificados para derivação dos testes têm facilitado o entendimento do sistema pelos testadores envolvidos e as informações presentes nos cenários de teste têm apoiado a realização dos testes.
Abstract: The increasing requirements for quality improvement, reduction of costs and deadlines have promoted the search for more efficient solutions for systems development and testing. In the case of the tests, the recommendation is to start them earlier and, preferably, automatize what is possible to prevent the testers mistakes. Thus, a research area that is in evidence currently is the Model-Based Testing (MBT), in which many studies have been carried out with the aim of development solutions for test automation from the models created during the software development cycle. In this dissertation is proposed a method for automatic generation of test scenarios from the models of systems specification, it is based on a previous work for tests generation of software components. The models used for tests generation are the UML Activities Diagrams, generated from the description of the use cases for System Testing. From them, test scenarios are generated that describe the interactions of the system, such as, the actors actions and the expected situations, including also the exception scenarios. The application of this method in practice was successfully made by a team of testers in real systems. In general, the models specified for tests derivation have facilitated the agreement of the system by the involved testers and, the generated test scenarios contain information that have supported the test execution.
Mestrado
Mestre em Ciência da Computação
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Vasconcelos, Francisco Ricardo Nogueira de. "ResoluÃÃo de problemas de congruÃncia de triÃngulos com auxÃlio do software Geogebra." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2015. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=15153.
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nÃo hÃO nosso desafio como professor à possibilitar a melhoria da qualidade do ensino em MatemÃtica buscando meios de garantir a formaÃÃo de cidadÃos capazes de reconhecer o seu papel perante a sociedade e descobrir caminhos elucidativos para o desempenho de uma carreira profissional promissora. Nesse sentido buscamos focar a nossa pesquisa em aÃÃes pedagÃgicas que possibilitem o desenvolvimento das potencialidades cognitivas dos alunos no estudo de congruÃncia. Para isso, propomos o uso do software GeoGebra como ferramenta didÃtica para as aulas de Geometria Plana, por entendermos que esse recurso favorece ao aluno um ambiente favorÃvel ao desenvolvimento da aprendizagem e coloca o professor com mediador no processo de sistematizaÃÃo conceitual das ideias matemÃticas necessÃrias para o desenvolvimento das estruturas cognitivas dos alunos. O objetivo do nosso estudo consiste em subsidiar os alunos do curso de licenciatura em MatemÃtica do Instituto Federal de EducaÃÃo, CiÃncia e Tecnologia, no sentido de utilizar o software GeoGebra como ferramenta didÃtica auxiliar para a resoluÃÃo de problemas de Geometria Plana, que envolvem casos de congruÃncia de triÃngulos. Para a anÃlise e coleta de dados foi realizado o estudo do projeto pedagÃgico do curso e a realizaÃÃo de 01 minicurso para utilizaÃÃo do software GeoGebra destinado a 21 alunos regularmente matriculados na disciplina de Geometria Plana. Utilizamos como instrumentos de pesquisa: 02 questionÃrios diagnÃsticos, observaÃÃo e o registro fotogrÃfico. As anÃlises dos resultados evidenciaram que os alunos se mostraram interessados ao uso do software GeoGebra em sala de aula. O minicurso e as atividades didÃticas aplicadas tiveram um bom nÃvel de aceitaÃÃo por parte dos futuros professores de MatemÃtica. As conclusÃes ressaltam que o uso do software GeoGebra deve ser entendido como ferramenta didÃtica alternativa para o ensino de Geometria, no sentido de proporcionar ao aluno, uma metodologia dinÃmica, interativa e lÃdica para se aprender MatemÃtica.
Our challenge as a teacher is to enable the improvement of education quality in mathematics looking for ways to ensure the formation of citizens able to recognize their role in society and find illuminating paths to the performance of a promising career. In this sense, we seek to focus our research on pedagogical actions which enable the development of the students cognitive potential. For this, we propose the use of GeoGebra software as a teaching tool for Plane Geometry classes, because we believe that this resource provides a favorable environment for the development of learning to the student and places the teacher as a mediator in the process of conceptual systematization of the necessary mathematical ideas to the development of the students cognitive structures. The aim of our study is to support the students of degree in Mathematics from the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology in order to use GeoGebra software as a teaching tool to help solving plane geometry problems involving cases of congruence triangles. For analysis and data collection, it was carried out the study of the pedagogical project of the course and the completion of a short course for the use of GeoGebra software designed for 21 students enrolled in plane geometry discipline.We used as research tools two diagnostic questionnaires, observation and photographic record. Analysis of the results showed that students in the degree course were receptive to the use of GeoGebra software in the classroom, and the short course and teaching activities applied had a great level of acceptance by the future teachers of mathematics.The conclusions point out that the use of GeoGebra software should be understood as an alternative teaching tool for teaching Geometry in order to provide the student a dynamic, interactive and fun method for learning mathematics.
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Sanjari, Pirmahaleh Seyedeh Azin. "Examining Mathematical Modeling of Fifth Grade Students Using InteractiveSimulations." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1563290145665376.
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Ma, Chunyan. "Mathematical security models for multi-agent distributed systems." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2004. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2568.
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This thesis presents the developed taxonomy of the security threats in agent-based distributed systems. Based on this taxonomy, a set of theories is developed to facilitate analyzng the security threats of the mobile-agent systems. We propose the idea of using the developed security risk graph to model the system's vulnerabilties.
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Chantler, Edward Wilmot James. "An investigation into the behaviour of a group of primary school children when using selected mathematical software." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/17660.
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Includes Course Papers.Includes bibliographies.
Very little is known about how young children think and behave when faced by computers and the broad array of mathematical software available. Much of the software has been developed by adults in the way adults see young children reasoning. A class of twenty English-speaking boys of approximately 12 years of age were exposed to carefully selected mathematical software without adult (teacher) interference, to clarify how these pupils would react to that software. Special focus was placed on the interactions of three children throughout the series of twenty lessons, using two video cameras to record their behaviour. The size of the groupings was changed to consider the effect of group size on the pupils' interactions. Various 'themes' evolved out of reviewing the video recordings. These 'themes' were then linked to Research data. It appears that these pupils had great trouble in reading and interpreting instructions accurately. Also, the software made assumptions of what the pupils could do. The interaction and collaboration by the boys seemed at its best when they were in a group of two as 'peer equals'. The class recognised and used the services of those boys they considered 'experts' in the use of computers. The video-recordings showed that the pupils preferred having pencil and paper available to record information and their estimations, rather than having to rely on memory. It seemed to give permanence to their thoughts and make these more explicit and organised. An analysis of the data also showed that the software and the boys' reaction to it was distinctly sexist. The names of the software (SNOOKER, PILOT, MATHS - CARS IN MOTION, etc.) can be seen as male. The boys gave the computer a 'personality' and referred to it as a 'he'. Also, a disturbing tendency among these pupils was the way they interpreted the software and reacted to it in a distinctive military fashion. This can be attributed to the boys having to battle, explode or bomb their way to victory; to shoot something or be shot in much of the software available. My role of being 'non-expert' was an extremely difficult one as the pupils had expectations of me, and the shortcomings in the software obliged some form of interference. My conclusions are that the mathematical software needs to be appropriate and relevant to what is being done in the class rather than to exist on its own outside of it, and that it could aid the pupil to think about his thinking.
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Herrera, Agudelo William Eduardo 1982. "Desenvolvimento e implementação de um software sensor para monitoração on-line de bioprocessos." [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/266721.
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Orientador: Rubens Maciel FilhoDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Química
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Resumo: Pesquisas estão sendo conduzidas em todo o mundo para o desenvolvimento de novas tecnologias para a produção de combustíveis líquidos a partir de recursos renováveis. Neste contexto a produção de bioetanol a partir de cana de açúcar é uma forma de reduzir o consumo de petróleo bruto e de contribuir com a redução da poluição ambiental, tornando-se uma importante alternativa para a obtenção de um combustível sustentável. Dentro do panorama exposto, pretende-se avaliar uma forma efetiva de diminuir os custos de produção do etanol combustível, o que contribui com a viabilidade econômica desta alternativa. Levando isso em consideração, nesse trabalho se desenvolveu um software sensor para determinação de Biomassa, Substrato e Produto a partir de medidas secundarias como turbidez, pH, vazão de CO2 e temperatura, usando um modelo híbrido neural que combina as equações de balanço de massa com redes neurais que descrevem a cinética do processo de fermentação. O processo fermentativo tem como matéria prima uma mistura de hidrolisado de bagaço e melaço de cana 75% e 25% em volume utilizado neste trabalho, respectivamente. Este tipo de composição é típica de processos de produção de etanol de 2a geração (que fazem uso da hidrólise do bagaço) acoplada com processos de 1a geração (que fazem uso do caldo extraído da cana, processo convencional já existente). Desta forma os desenvolvimentos realizados neste trabalho podem ser aplicados tanto para os processos convencionais quanto os processos de 2ª geração
Abstract: Researches are being conducted worldwide to the development of new technologies for the production of liquid fuels from renewal resources. In this context, the production of bioethanol from sugar cane is one way to reduce consumption of petroleum crude, and to contribute with the reduction of environmental pollution, becoming an important alternative for the achivement of a sustainable development. Within the proposed scenario, the goal is to evaluate an effective way to reduce costs of the production of ethanol biofuel, which contributes to the economic viability of this alternative Taking this into consideration, this work has developed a software sensor for determination of biomass, substrate and product from secondary measures such as turbidity, pH, CO2 flow rate and temperature, using an artificial neural network that combines the mass balance equations with neural networks that describe the kinetics of the fermentation process. The fermentation process is as raw material a mixture of hydrolyzed and cane molasses 75% and 25% volume, respectively. This type of composition could be typical of the second generation of the ethanol production process (making use of the bagasse hydrolysis) coupled with processes of first generation (making use of the juice extracted from sugar cane, which it's a conventional process already exists).Thus the developments made in this work can be applied not only to conventional processes, but also to possible processes of second generation
Mestrado
Desenvolvimento de Processos Químicos
Mestre em Engenharia Química
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Wu, Di. "Goal-based requirements engineering -- exploring with the "RADIE" approach for ontological elaboration." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2008. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/920.
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Honorato, Vinícius dos Santos. "Elaborando atividades matemáticas com o software GeoGebra." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/154519.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
O objetivo da pesquisa foi investigar como ocorre o processo de elaboração de atividades matemáticas com a utilização do software GeoGebra por parte de um grupo de pesquisadores em Educação Matemática. As perspectivas teóricas denominadas experimentação-com-tecnologias e investigação matemática foram utilizadas para elaborar e analisar as atividades criadas. Tais perspectivas também embasaram a análise das discussões ocorridas. Do ponto de vista metodológico, a pesquisa possui um caráter qualitativo pois visa compreensões específicas acerca do fenômeno investigado. Nesse sentido, foram registradas em vídeo reuniões nas quais um grupo de pesquisadores dialogou sobre a elaboração e aprimoramento de diferentes versões de cada tarefa, visando sua utilização em um curso de extensão universitária destinado a professores e alunos de licenciatura em Matemática. As tarefas eram baseadas na Geometria Espacial. Parte das discussões ocorreu também por meio de postagens e comentários em um grupo fechado do Facebook, no qual as versões das atividades eram inicialmente compartilhadas. As diferentes versões de cada atividade foram documentadas assim como os comentários de cada postagem. Este material foi analisado visando a compreensão do processo de aprimoramento do caráter investigativo e experimental de cada tarefa matemática elaborada. A análise foi dividida em três categorias, sendo elas: design e investigação, experimentação no processo de elaboração e visualização. Tal análise sugere que o processo de elaboração está sujeito a reflexões a respeito do público alvo e seu conhecimento a respeito do GeoGebra e também de Matemática. A participação do grupo de pesquisa GPIMEM no processo também se mostrou significativa para a concepção das tarefas. Repensar as atividades após e durante sua utilização didático-pedagógica também surge como parte fundamental deste processo, assim como mudanças recursivas de enunciado mediante as considerações levantadas colaborativamente. Esta pesquisa visou contribuir para os estudos que envolvem a Matemática ensinada em conjunto com recursos tecnológicos. Conhecer o processo de elaboração proporciona à comunidade da Educação Matemática perceber a gênese do desenvolvimento de materiais didáticos construídos colaborativamente, assim como a riqueza de ideias desenvolvidas em meio a este progresso.
The aim of this research was investigate how the process of elaboration of mathematical tasks using the computational software GeoGebra by researchers in Mathematics Education takes place. The theoretical perspectives called experimentation-and-technologies and mathematical investigation theories were used to elaborate and analyze the tasks created. Such perspectives also have brought the analysis of the discussions that took place. From the methodological point of view, the research has a qualitative character because it aims specific understanding of the investigated phenomenon. In this scenario, video meetings were recorded in which a group of researchers dialogged on the elaboration and improvement of different versions of each task, aiming at its use in a university extension course for teachers and students of licencatory in mathematics. The tasks presented are based on spatial geometry. Part of the discussions also occurred through posts and comments in a closed group of Facebook, in which the versions of the activities were initially shared. The different versions and the comments of each activity were documented. This material was analyzed aimed at understanding the process of improving the investigative and experimental character of each elaborate mathematical task. Moreover, the participation of the GPIMEM research group was important for the process of creation of the tasks. Rethinking the activities after their didactic-pedagogy use is also a fundamental part of these processes, such as recursive changes of statements through the considerations raised collaboratively. The analysis was divided into three categories, are they design and research, experimentation in the process of preparation and visualization. Such an analysis suggests that the process of preparation is subject to reflections regarding the target pubic and his knowledge about Geogebra and also of mathematics. Also the participation of the GPIMEM research group in the process was significant for the design of the tasks. Rethinking activities after their didactic-pedagogical use also arises as a key part of this process, as well as recursive changes in the statement of collaboratively. This research aimed to contribute to the studies involving Mathematics taught in conjunction with technological resources. Knowing the process of elaboration provides the Community of Mathematical Education to realize the genesis of the development of didactic materials constructed collaboratively, as well as the wealth of ideas developed in the midst of this progress.
CAPES: 130128/2017-1
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Hlavínek, Jakub. "Software WEST pro výpočet čistíren odpadních vod." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-392043.
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In it´s theoretical part, my master thesis handles selected softwares for wastewater treatment mathematical modelling. It summarizes and compares availible softwares on the market, it´s use, advantages and disadvantages. The practical part deals with an exemplar evaluation of selected wastewater treatment plant according to Czech normative standards and evaluation of the same wastewater treatment plant per mathematical model created in WEST program. The assembly of a wastewater treatment plant model consisted of studies, creation of the layout, insertion of provided data, calibration and model evaluation.
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Khoshaim, Heba Bakr. "Academic Mathematicians' Dispositions Toward Software Use in Mathematics Instruction: What Are the Underlying Reasons?" Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1336250452.
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Shieh, Jung-Sheng. "Some applications of the Bechhofer-Kiefer-Sobel generalized sequential probability ratio test to software reliability testing." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/28928.
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Black, Derek J. "Development and feasibility of economical hardware and software in control theory application." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/38170.
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Master of ScienceDepartment of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering
Dale E. Schinstock
Control theory is the study of feedback systems, and a methodology investigated by many engineering students throughout most universities. Because of control theory's broad and interdisciplinary nature, it necessitates further study by application through experimental learning and laboratory practice. Typically, the hardware used to connect the theoretical aspects of controls to the practical can be expensive, big, and time consuming to the students and instructors teaching on the equipment. Alternatively, using cheaper sensors and hardware, such as encoders and motor drivers, can obfuscate the collected data in a way that creates a disconnect between developed theoretical models and actual system results. This disconnect can dissuade the idea that systems can and will follow a modeled behavior. This thesis attempts to assess the feasibility of a piece of laboratory apparatus named the NERMLAB. Multiple experiments will be conducted on the NERMLAB system and compared against time-tested hardware to demonstrate the practicality of the NERMLAB system in control theory application.
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Nascimento, Juliana Cristina do. "Desenvolvimento de software e analise de reatores de polimerização de eteno em solução." [s.n.], 2008. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/267130.
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Orientador: Rubens Maciel FilhoDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Quimica
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Resumo: Os processos de polimerização são de grande importância, pois através destes, são produzidos uma grande diversidade de produtos de utilidade no mercado mundial, entre os quais plásticos, borrachas, tintas, etc. A simulação, a análise e o controle adequado dos processos são fundamentais para a operação e o desenvolvimento seguro de uma planta, garantindo e atendendo à demanda de competitividade atual com a fabricação de produtos de alta qualidade. O objetivo deste trabalho é o desenvolvimento de um modelo matemático determinístico detalhado e a elaboração de um software através da solução numérica do sistema de equações utilizando o Método dos Volumes Finitos. O caso de estudo considerado é a polimerização de eteno em solução em um reator tubular com catálise de Ziegler-Natta com e sem micromistura. Neste estudo é desenvolvido um modelo que simula o processo de polimerização de eteno em solução com catalisador Ziegler-Natta em uma seqüência de reatores PFR (Plug Flow Reactor - Reator de Fluxo Empistonado) e CSTR (Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor - Reator Tanque de Agitação Contínua), concentrando-se principalmente nos resultados do PFR. Os parâmetros desconhecidos necessários para a obtenção dos resultados quantitativos do modelo, como constantes cinéticas, foram estimados a partir de dados do processo industrial da Politeno SA. A partir das simulações deste modelo foram avaliados os efeitos das principais variáveis de entrada do processo no desempenho do reator e nas propriedades do polímero. Os resultados obtidos demonstram convergência para o processo sem micromistura.
Abstract: Polymerization process are important because of their large applications in the world market, for example, rubber, ink, plastic, etc. Appropriate simulation, analysis and control of a floor plan are fundamental for it safety operation and developing, providing the actual competitiveness with high quality production. This work intend to developing a detailed and deterministic mathematical model and elaborating of software using the numerical solution of a equations system obtained by Finite Volumes Method. Study case considered is the ethane polymerization in solution in a tubular reactor with catalysis Ziegler-Natta with and without micromixing. In this study were developed a model that simulates the ethane polymerization process in solution with catalysis Ziegler-Natta in a sequence of reactors PFR (Plug Flow Reactor) and CSTR (Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor), emphasizing the PFR results. The necessary parameters for model quantitative results, like kinetics constants, were calculated with Politeno SA industrial process data. The effect of the most important entrance variables in the reactor performance and in the polymer final properties were evaluated by simulations. The results show convergence for the process without micromixing.
Mestrado
Desenvolvimento de Processos Químicos
Mestre em Engenharia Química
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Godwin, William Henry. "Formalizing graphical notations." n.p, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/.
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Chen, Zebin. "Framework-based model construction with AOP assistance /." Connect to title online (ProQuest), 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1588418351&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=11238&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2008.Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 123-127). Also available online in ProQuest, free to University of Oregon users.
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Bordin, Deyver. "Sistemas computacionais baseados em regras fuzzy para previsão de componentes de produção de culturas irrigadas /." Botucatu, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/192201.
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Orientador: Camila Pires Cremasco GabrielResumo: Para uma satisfatória produtividade, a cultura do rabanete (Raphanus sativus L.) exige principalmente boa qualidade do solo e grande disponibilidade de água. A irrigação é uma técnica artificial utilizada para disponibilizar água as plantas. Seu uso deve ser criterioso e para que se obtenha menores custos de produção, deve-se evitar o uso desnecessário de água, e consequentemente, energia elétrica. Formas de utilização da água são cada vez mais estudadas, entre elas, a água de irrigação tratada magneticamente, que tem mostrado aprimoramentos produtivos em diversas culturas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi o desenvolvimento de um conjunto de sistemas computacionais baseados em regras fuzzy para previsão de componentes de produção de culturas irrigadas. Para tanto, foram utilizados dados de um experimento conduzido com água de irrigação convencional ou tratada magneticamente, sendo avaliado variáveis biométricas, tais como: peso verde do bulbo, número de folhas, comprimento da raiz, diâmetro do bulbo, comprimento do bulbo, peso verde da raiz, peso verde da folha, peso seco da raiz, peso seco da folha e peso seco do bulbo. Como resultado, foi apresentado um conjunto de softwares com uma interface de simples uso e fácil compreensão, que poderá auxiliar os produtores na estimativa dos resultados das variáveis biométricas do rabaneteiro e de outras culturas irrigadas.
Abstract: For satisfactory productivity, the cultivation of radish (Raphanus sativus L.) mainly requires good soil quality and great availability of water. Irrigation is an artificial technique used to make water available to plants. Its use must be judicious and to obtain lower production costs, unnecessary use of water and, consequently, electric energy should be avoided. Ways of using water are increasingly studied, among them, magnetically treated irrigation water, which has shown productive improvements in several cultures. The objective of this work was the development of a set of computational systems based on fuzzy rules for forecasting production components of irrigated crops. For that, data from an experiment conducted with conventional irrigation water or magnetically treated water were used, and biometric variables were evaluated, such as green bulb weight, number of leaves, root length, bulb diameter, bulb length, green weight root weight, green leaf weight, dry root weight, dry leaf weight, and dry bulb weight. As a result, a set of software was presented with a simple to use and easy to understand interface, which can assist producers in estimating the results of the biometric variables of the radish feet and other irrigated crops.
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Goens, Jokisch Andres Wilhelm [Verfasser], Jeronimo [Gutachter] Castrillon, and Andy [Gutachter] Pimentel. "Improving Model-Based Software Synthesis : A Focus on Mathematical Structures / Andres Wilhelm Goens Jokisch ; Gutachter: Jeronimo Castrillon, Andy Pimentel." Dresden : Technische Universität Dresden, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1234239132/34.
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Brunström, Mats. "Matematiska resonemang i en lärandemiljö med dynamiska matematikprogram." Doctoral thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för matematik och datavetenskap, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-35037.
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The overall problem that formed the basis for this thesis is that students get limited opportunity to develop their mathematical reasoning ability while, at the same time, there are dynamic mathematics software available which can be used to foster this ability. The aim of this thesis is to contribute to knowledge in this area by focusing on task design in a dynamic software environment and by studying the reasoning that emerges when students work on tasks in such an environment. To analyze students’ mathematical reasoning, a new analytical tool was developed in the form of an expanded version of Toulmin’s model. Results from one of the studies in this thesis show that exploratory tasks in a dynamic software environment can promote mathematical reasoning in which claims are formulated, examined and refined in a cyclic process. However, this reasoning often displayed a lack of the more conceptual, analytic and explanatory reasoning normally associated with mathematics. This result was partly confirmed by another of the studies. Hence, one key question in the thesis has been how to design tasks that promote conceptual and explanatory reasoning. Two articles in the thesis deal with task design. One of them suggests a model for task design with a focus on exploration, explanation, and generalization. This model aims, first, to promote semantic proof production and then, after the proof has been constructed, to encourage further generalizations. The other article dealing with task design concerns the design of prediction tasks to foster student reasoning about exponential functions. The research process pinpointed key didactical variables that proved crucial in designing these tasks.Baksidestext Det övergripande problem som legat till grund för denna avhandling är att elever får begränsad möjlighet att utveckla sin resonemangsförmåga samtidigt som det finns dynamiska matematikprogram som kan utnyttjas för att stimulera denna förmåga. Syftet med avhandlingen är att bidra till den samlade kunskapen inom detta problemområde, dels genom att fokusera på design av uppgifter i en lärandemiljö med dynamiska matematikprogram och dels genom att studera och karakterisera de resonemang som utvecklas när elever jobbar med olika uppgifter i denna miljö. För att analysera elevernas resonemang utvecklades ett nytt analysverktyg i form av en utökad version av Toulmins modell. Resultat från en av studierna i avhandlingen visar att dynamiska matematikprogram i kombination med utforskande uppgifter kan stimulera till matematiska resonemang där hypoteser formuleras, undersöks och förfinas i en cyklisk process. Samtidigt visar samma studie att de resonemang som utvecklas i stor utsträckning saknar matematiskt grundade förklaringar. Detta resultat bekräftas till viss del av ytterligare en studie. Frågan hur uppgifter bör designas för att främja matematiskt grundade resonemang har därför varit central i avhandlingen. Två av artiklarna behandlar uppgiftsdesign, men utifrån olika utgångspunkter.
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Lindberg, Tomas. "An application of DOE in the evaluation of optimization functions in a statistical software." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för matematik och matematisk statistik, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-39507.
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Silvano, Antonio Marcos da Costa. "The development of graphic representations in educative software to facilitate meaningful and collaboratively the construction of the mathematical functions concept." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2011. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=7052.
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nÃo hÃAs aplicaÃÃes das funÃÃes matemÃticas na vida cotidiana das pessoas tÃm uma relevÃncia por ser um assunto de amplo espectro interdisciplinar, permeando vÃrias Ãreas do conhecimento. No entanto, professores e alunos desenvolvem uma abordagem no processo de ensino e de aprendizagem desse conteÃdo de forma instrucionista e assimilada de forma mecanicamente. Os indicadores da educaÃÃo pÃblica no Estado do Cearà revelam que muitos alunos concluem o ensino mÃdio com dificuldades de aprendizagens de funÃÃes, especificamente de funÃÃes polinomiais quadrÃtica, tanto no aspecto algÃbrico como na construÃÃo de sua representaÃÃo grÃfica. A presente pesquisa investiga de que modo o desenvolvimento de representaÃÃes grÃficas, atravÃs do uso de um software educativo, efetivado por alunos do ensino mÃdio durante o percurso de uma prÃtica pedagÃgica, pode facilitar a construÃÃo do conceito de funÃÃes polinomiais matemÃticas. Para a realizaÃÃo da investigaÃÃo, articulamos o uso operacional e pedagÃgico do software educativo Winplot e o processo de ensino e de aprendizagem de funÃÃes junto aos alunos participantes da pesquisa, que à predominantemente embasada na teoria da aprendizagem significativa de Ausubel, nos mapas conceituais de Novak e na proposta construtivista da espiral da aprendizagem de Valente. Assim, partimos para uma aÃÃo pedagÃgica, que foi concebida e desenvolvida junto a um grupo de 15 alunos dos 3 anos do Ensino MÃdio, de uma escola da rede estadual de ensino, localizada no municÃpio de Beberibe, Ce. Para proceder ao desenvolvimento da prÃtica pedagÃgica, o professor-pesquisador adotou uma abordagem de pesquisa qualitativa, exploratÃria e pesquisa-aÃÃo. Para efetivar a prÃtica pedagÃgica da pesquisa, realizamos sete encontros, subdivididos em duas etapas, totalizando 21 horas-aula, sendo a primeira para promover a adaptaÃÃo e motivaÃÃo dos alunos, aplicaÃÃo da entrevista e do questionÃrio que objetivava diagnosticar os conhecimentos prÃvios dos mesmos. A segunda etapa visava a realizaÃÃo de aulas para revisar conhecimentos prÃvios, discutir aspectos ligados à metodologia de aprendizagem colaborativa e aplicaÃÃo do software Winplot para trabalhar a construÃÃo da representaÃÃo grÃfica de funÃÃes junto aos alunos, quando foi utilizado o questionÃrio da segunda etapa. Tal estratÃgia possibilitou o estabelecimento de trabalho colaborativo entre grupos de alunos e o professor-pesquisador, de modo a incentivar e promover o processo de interaÃÃo do aluno com o computador, atravÃs de ciclos de aÃÃo, reflexÃo, depuraÃÃo e nova-aÃÃo. Analisando os resultados coletados dos questionÃrios, constatamos indÃcios de avanÃos na aprendizagem dos alunos na construÃÃo de conhecimentos 24 significativos, como tambÃm a consolidaÃÃo de situaÃÃes de aprendizagem, quando estes utilizaram o software Winplot. ConcluÃmos haver indÃcios que a prÃtica desenvolvida com o uso pedagÃgico do computador possibilitou aos alunos desenvolverem uma compreensÃo mais facilitadora e motivadora do conceito de funÃÃo polinomial, com Ãnfase nas representaÃÃes grÃficas, o que incentivou a capacidade criativa, colaboraÃÃo, reflexÃo e os estimulou para desenvolverem novas habilidades, favorecendo o estabelecimento de um processo educacional construtivista com o uso do computador.
The application of mathematical functions in everyday peopleâs life has a relevance to be a subject of a broad interdisciplinary spectrum, permeating several knowledge areas. However, teachers and students develop an instructional approach to teaching and learning this content that is mechanically assimilated. The indicators of public education in the State of Cearà reveals that many students finish the high school having mathematics learning difficulties,specifically quadratic polynomial functions, both in the algebraic aspects and in the construction of its graphical representation. This research investigates how the development of graphical representations, using educational software, effected by high school students during the course of a teaching practice, can facilitate the construction of the mathematical concept of polynomial functions. To carry out the research, thinking in the students participants of the practice, we articulated the operational and pedagogical use of the educational software Winplot to the function teaching and learning process. The survey is strongly grounded in the Theory of Meaningful Learning of Ausubel, Concept Mapping of Novak and the constructivist approach according the Learning Spiral of Valente. So we left to a pedagogical action, which was designed and developed with a group of 15 students from the third years of high school and from a public state school located in Beberibe City, CearÃ, Brazil. To proceed with the development of teaching practice, the teacher-researcher adopted the following research approach: qualitative, exploratory and action research. To carry out the practice of educational research, it was planned seven meetings, distributed in two phases, totaling 21 classroom hours. The first one deals with the student adaptation and motivation, the application of the interview and the questionnaire that was designed to diagnose students' prior knowledge. The second phase goals performs complementary classes sections, in order to review prior knowledge, discuss aspects of collaborative learning methods and to perform the application of software Winplot to the students develop the graphical representation of the second degree polynomial functions, according the second phase questionnaire. Such strategy enabled the establishment of collaborative work among students groups and the teacherresearcher,in order to encourage and promote the process of student interaction with the computer through cycles of action, reflection, deputation and new-action. Analyzing the results collected in the questionnaires we found evidence of advances in student learning in the construction of meaningful knowledge, as well as the consolidation of learning situations, when students used the software Winplot. We conclude there are evidences that the practice with the pedagogical use of the computer allowed to students develop a more facilitating and motivating polynomial function concept, with emphasis on graphics representation, which encouraged creativity, collaboration, reflection and encouraged them to develop new skills fostering a constructive educational process with the use of the computer.