Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Maternity benefit'

Although participation of Canadian women in the labour force has significantly increased in the past decade, and in turn the number of maternity leave claims, information is limited on actual employment behavior following maternity leave and the factors which influence this behavior. The purpose of this study was to examine the employment behavior following maternity leave for 313 women of varying occupations from a large metropolitan hospital in order to: isolate significant variables which influence this behavior, examine return rates and employment patterns for women who return to work, identify the major problems women experience upon their return to work, examine the experience of women with the current maternity leave legislation, obtain their opinions on whether flexible work policies encourage staff retention and finally, to develop a set of recommendations to assist organizations in achieving staff retention following maternity leave. Data respecting the positions of the women, their personal characteristics and their employment behavior following their leave were collected from personnel records. The dependent variables for the study were three distinct types of employment behavior: employees who terminated following their maternity leave, employees who terminated following their return to work and employees who remained employed at the hospital. There were nine independent variables which were tested as potential employment behavior influences namely level of education, age, organizational tenure, employment status, union/management affiliation, salary level, occupational level, number of previous maternity leaves and organizational division. The Chi Square test of Independence was run for six variables and the One Way Analysis of Variance for three variables. In-depth structured interviews were conducted with five women selected randomly from the sample in order to identify the major problems they encountered in returning to work as well as to obtain their opinions on the current maternity leave legislation. They were also questioned regarding the effectiveness of flexible work policies. Two of the variables tested were found to be significant employment behavior influences: type of union and organizational tenure. It was also found that the least flexible union had the highest termination rate. Although the majority of women returned to work and remained employed at the hospital, a high percentage transferred to part-time and casual employment. The interviews revealed that the major concerns women had were the need for more flexible work policies, an increase in part-time opportunities and child-care concerns including the need for on-site day care. All of the women interviewed felt that 18 weeks was an inadequate length of time for a maternity leave and some of the women wanted maternity benefits for their entire leave and not just 15 weeks. It was concluded from the results of the study that flexible work policies and organizational support systems encourage staff retention following maternity leave, it was recommended that in order for organizations to achieve staff retention following maternity leave that they must introduce flexible work policies and a specific staff retention plan.
Business, Sauder School of
Graduate

Government mandates are often used to promote equality in the workplace, often imposing additional costs upon employers. Economic theory suggest that these additional costs will be shifted onto the employees through a reduction in wages. However, when wage shifting is not an option due to anti-discrimination laws, how will employers respond to the additional costs imposed? Gruber (1994) found that wage shifting occurs when the groups benefiting from a government mandate are easily identifiable to the employer, despite the existence of anti-discrimination laws. This study seeks to further the work of Gruber (1994) and examine wage shifting at an industry level. We look at industries that have a large percentage of workers who are benefited by a government mandate to see if the wage shifting in these industries was more significant. This study finds that, as the percentage of workforce receiving benefits increases, the amount of wage shifting grows.

Introducción: La protección social a las trabajadoras embarazadas comprende la incapacidad temporal por contingencia común (ITcc) y la prestación por riesgo durante el embarazo y/o la lactancia (PRE). Objetivos: 1) Examinar las ausencias del trabajo durante el embarazo, 2) Analizar la asociación entre la exposición a riesgos laborales y trayectorias según el tipo de prestación y 3) según trayectorias de ITcc por diagnósticos. Métodos: Cohorte retrospectiva de 428 trabajadoras embarazadas con seguimiento diario. Un análisis de secuencias identificó trayectorias laborales y modelos de regresión logística valoraron la asociación. Resultados: La mayoría trabajaron dos terceras partes del embarazo. Las trayectorias de ausencia fueron 1) empleo con ITcc, 2) empleo con PRE y 3) mayoría de empleo. Las trayectorias de ITcc fueron 1) ausencias por trastornos musculoesqueléticos, 2) ausencias por problemas relacionados con el embarazo y 3) pocas ausencias. Conclusiones: La PRE y la ITcc son prestaciones complementarias que protegen a la trabajadora embarazada.
Introduction: Social protection for pregnant workers includes sickness absence and pregnancy occupational risk benefit. Objectives: 1)To examine work absences during pregnancy, 2) To analyze the association between exposure to occupational risk factors and work pregnancy trajectories according to the type of benefit and 3) To analyze the association between exposure to occupational risk factors and absences according to SA trajectories. Methods: Retrospective cohort of 428 pregnant workers with daily follow-up. A sequence analysis identified working trajectories and logistic regression models assessed the association. Results: The majority worked two thirds of the pregnancy. Absences from work were: 1) employment and sickness absence, 2) employment and pregnancy occupational risk benefit and 3) majority of employment. Sickness absence trajectories were 1) absences due to musculoskeletal disorders, 2) absences due to problems related to pregnancy and 3) few absences. Conclusions: Pregnancy occupational risk benefit and sickness absence are complementary benefits that protect pregnant workers.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the factors that may be related to employees' decisions to use the family-friendly benefits (e.g., maternity/paternity leave, flexible work schedule) that are offered to them by their employers. Research has shown that both employees and organizations benefit when employees use family-friendly benefits. However, research has also shown that many employees do not take advantage of such benefits. Studies examining this issue are limited, and much of the research that has been conducted is anecdotal and atheoretical. The present study overcame this problem by empirically examining the use of family-friendly benefits within the theoretical context of Ajzen's (1991) theory of planned behavior. The results of this study support the theory of planned behavior. Specifically, the results indicated that whether an individual perceived he/she had control over the use of family-friendly benefits was the most predictive of whether he/she intended to use them. Whether the individual perceived that others would approve of these behaviors was also predictive of intention to perform the behaviors. In addition, an individual's intention to take leave or use a flexible work schedule was the most predictive of whether he or she actually engaged in the behaviors. Implications for practice as well as future research directions are also discussed.
Ph.D.
Department of Psychology
Sciences
Psychology

Mestrado em Economia e Políticas Públicas
A presente dissertação consiste na análise comparativa das políticas sociais dirigidas a famílias com crianças, implementadas em seis Estados-membros da União Europeia, no período 2000-2017 e visa contribuir para a reflexão sobre a existência de uma tendência de convergência ou divergência entre tipologias de políticas familiares, no quadro dos Estados de Bem-Estar. A análise empírica centrou-se na regulamentação da proteção da maternidade, paternidade e parentalidade e nos subsídios atribuídos a famílias com crianças, em seis países representativos de diferentes clusters de políticas familiares. A caraterização do perfil das reformas realizadas - maior ou menor restrição no acesso, maior ou menor duração e generosidade bem como as implicações na articulação trabalho-família - permite concluir que as reformas traduziram uma convergência das políticas, mas que se mantêm as tipologias previamente existentes.
The present dissertation consists on a comparative analysis of the social policies aimed to families with children, carried out in six European Union Member States, during 2000-2017. The main goal is to provide a contribution about the existence of a trend of convergence or divergence between family-support policies typologies within the framework of welfare-states. The empirical analysis focused on the regulation of maternity, paternity and parenting protection and cash benefits granted to families with children in six countries that represents different clusters of family policies. The profile of the reforms carried out - greater or lesser restriction in access, duration and generosity, and their impact on work-life balance - allows us to conclude that the reforms reflected a convergence of policies, but the previously existing typologies subsist.
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

This thesis examines the reforms of Sickness Insurance that have been realized in chosen countries of European Union. I've focused myself on Belgium, Netherlands, United Kingdom and Finland and every single reform step that have been taken in between 2003 -- 2005 in these countries. I've investigated how the situation in each country was before the reform came true and explored the main reasons that I believe have led to these reforms. I've also stated which impacts these reforms were supposed to have and after that I've studied the real impacts and consequences that were brought by this change in each country. You can see these in multiple graphs followed by my explanation whether and why I think the reform step was succesful. Judging by the succes that was noted in examinated countries I've decided which path is best to follow as far as the reform in Sickness Insurance is concerned. Thanks to previous examination of reforms that differs from each another I was at the end able to recommned which steps should be taken in Czech Republic since some kind of Sickness Insurance reform is needed as well. I believe comparing foreign Sickness Insurance reforms and my suggestions can help to improve Sickness Insurance system in CR and lead to the solution of various problems Czech Republic hasn't coped with yet.

The United States is the only developed nation that fails to provide its citizens with paid parental leave. The lack of parental benefit provision operates to the detriment of individuals and society as a whole by contributing to inequity across gender, race, socioeconomic status, and sexual orientation. As the demographics of the American workforce have changed, public policy has not kept pace. Paid parental leave is associated a number of health, economic, and social benefits. However, the greatest barrier to legislating paid parental leave is the philosophical underpinnings of American politics, specifically the strong current of liberal individualism and absence of maternalism. This thesis examines the policy option space for paid parental leave in the United States and recommends a paid parental leave policy that is gender-neutral and has a combination of three months individual leave and three months of shared leave at 100 percent wage replacement.

The main research question in this thesis is do immigrant new mothers use maternity and parental leave benefit differently from native new mothers. I use Employment Insurance Coverage Survey micro data from 2000 to 2009 and fixed effect models to investigate the different weeks taken by new mothers and the different amount of benefits received during the leave period between immigrant new mothers and native new mothers. The results in my thesis show that immigrant new mothers received lower amount of benefit during the leave than native new mothers. There are no significant differences by the duration of the leave have taken between immigrant and native new mothers. I also find that the higher education a new mother received before they were pregnant, the higher benefit amount they could receive.

The thesis Comparison of maternity and parental benefits in the Czech Republic and selected European countries dealing with the issue of support for families with children through social system. The paper briefly describes the benefits provided by the Czech Republic and other European countries. The other countries are the United Kingdom, Denmark, Italy and Germany. In the analytical part of the work is the concept of single doses compared and consequently are formulated recommendations for the Czech Republic, which should take from other states. At the same time, there are processed example term experience in other countries monitored. In conclusion, it is assessed that the setting of maternity and parental benefits corresponds to the theoretical concept of typology of welfare states. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

碩士
國立臺灣大學
經濟學研究所
107
On May 30, 2014, Taiwan’s Labor Insurance Act was amended to increase maternity benefits from 1 month to 2 months, therefore a social quasi-experiment was formed. This paper uses data from the 2012 - 2013 and 2016 - 2017 Survey of Family Income and Expenditure to investigate the effect of baby bonus on fertility by using differences-in-differences estimation. The results show baby bonus in Taiwan does not have any effects on fertility. To avoid possible estimation biases, we use 5 fake experiments to investigate both treatment and control group’s fertility behavior from 1999 to 2011, and to find out that both groups do have a common trend of the dependent variable used in this paper. Therefore, our analyses show that baby bonus does not have any effects on fertility and the results should be reliable. Compared to the other literature on the study of baby bonus, this paper is the first to use a social quasi-experiment and DID estimation to estimate the effects of baby bonus and provide another perspective.

Social security for women in pregnancy and maternity and the protection of their rights in the Czech Republic and the EU The objective of this diploma thesis is to describe and analyse the topic of protection and social security of pregnant women and mothers in the Czech Republic and the EU. The reason of such protection lies in the fact that during pregnancy and early maternity women and their families are significantly limited in their possibilities of working, which is connected with a decrease in the family income and a certain difficulty in the social life. The main part of the thesis consists of five chapters. The first chapter concerns the family policy, which is a state policy branch that focuses on the support of a family, family life and other related institutes and activities, e. g. marriage, motivation of employers to employ pregnant women and mothers or parents, support of institutions that provide care and education to small children etc. The section dedicated to the social security funding explains possible resources and methods of financing the social protection used within contemporary developed political and economic systems. The second chapter highlights the principal documents of the European Union and international organizations (United Nations, International Labour...