Journal articles: 'Maternal responsibility'

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Sevón, Eija. "Narrating Ambivalence of Maternal Responsibility." Sociological Research Online 12, no. 2 (March 2007): 30–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5153/sro.1527.

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Early motherhood and caring for the infant involve a moral ambiguity that is related to the questions of responsibility and vulnerability. By means of the ethics of care, motherhood can be understood as belonging to the moral domain, as relational, and as linked with everyday social situations. The culturally dominant narratives of ‘good mothering’ easily naturalise and normatise maternal agency. This study illustrates the process of adopting responsibility for the infant and the moral ambivalence that is inscribed in early maternal care. The data consist of four interview sessions with each of seven first-time mothers conducted during pregnancy and the first post-natal year. The interviews concentrated on events, relationships, routines, thoughts and feelings related to the mothers’ daily caring for the baby. The women talked about their experiences drawing on two different narratives. The narrative of desirable responsibility unfolded the positive aspects of caring and responsibility for the baby. By means of this narrative, the women were able to give coherence to their lives as new mothers and to narrate the pleasure they felt in taking responsibility for their baby. In contrast, the narrative of maternal vulnerability showed the shadow side of maternal care focusing on the mothers’ tiredness and distress. This narrative embodied ‘moral monitoring’ and ‘epistemological struggles’ between the dominant cultural narratives and the mothers’ personal narratives. The study shows that early mothering is morally laden in two different ways simultaneously. Mothering itself is a moral disposition and practice characterised by ambivalence. The cultural narratives of ‘good mothering’ play a dual role in this process: they tempt women into pursuing intensive mothering, but at the same time they create an elusive moral imperative.

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Boulous Walker, Michelle. "RESPONSIBILITY, GIVING AND MATERNAL WORK." Australian Feminist Studies 24, no. 61 (September 2009): 373–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08164640903108569.

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Sliwa, Karen, and John Anthony. "Late maternal deaths: a neglected responsibility." Lancet 387, no. 10033 (May 2016): 2072–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(16)30391-9.

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Clark, Lauren. "Maternal responsibility for health in the household." Health Care for Women International 16, no. 1 (January 1995): 43–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07399339509516156.

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Johnson, Candace. "Responsibility, affective solidarity and transnational maternal feminism." Feminist Theory 21, no. 2 (July 7, 2019): 175–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1464700119859768.

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Maternal health has become a top global priority. In contrast to the decline of the maternal subject (Stephens, 2011), and despite previous evidence that maternal health has struggled to find a place on the global policy agenda (Shiffman and Smith, 2007), it is now clear that the promotion of health for mothers and children is a staple of both government and private donor commitments. On humanitarian grounds, it makes sense to focus on maternal health and survival in the Global South. Death related to pregnancy or childbirth is a disheartening example of needless suffering. But beyond the initial impulse to reduce suffering, what motivates and/or requires action for addressing injustice in the form of distributional inequities for maternal and reproductive health? In this article, I make a case for the necessity and validity of transnational cooperation to address maternal mortality and morbidity in the Global South. The first component of my argument addresses the transnational elements of both global interconnectedness and responsibility to act. These elements are drawn from Iris Marion Young’s philosophical justification for North-South responsibility-taking. The second component of my argument adds the concept of affective solidarity to that of transnational responsibility. My argument in this section draws from Iris Marion Young’s earlier work on identity (Young, 1990) and embodiment (Young, 1984) and expands the analysis of affective solidarity as a form of both embodiment and political commitment in order to explain the mechanism for transnational connection and understanding. And the final component of my argument explains how both of these elements – transnational responsibility and affective solidarity – support a theory of transnational maternal feminism.

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Driscoll, Colleen F. Bechtel, Diana M. Ohanian, Monique M. Ridosh, Alexa Stern, Elicia C. Wartman, Meredith Starnes, and Grayson N. Holmbeck. "Pathways by which Maternal Factors are Associated With Youth Spina Bifida-Related Responsibility." Journal of Pediatric Psychology 45, no. 6 (April 26, 2020): 610–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jpepsy/jsaa020.

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Abstract Objective Achieving condition-related autonomy is an important developmental milestone for youth with spina bifida (SB). However, the transfer of condition-related responsibility to these youth can be delayed due to parent factors. This study aimed to investigate two potential pathways by which maternal factors may be associated with condition-related responsibility among youth with SB: (a) Maternal adjustment → perception of child vulnerability (PPCV) → youth condition-related responsibility; and (b) Maternal PPCV → overprotection → youth condition-related responsibility. Methods Participating youth with SB (N = 140; Mage=11.4 years, range = 8–15 years) were recruited as part of a longitudinal study; data from three time points (each spaced 2 years apart) from the larger study were used. Mothers reported on personal adjustment factors, PPCV, and overprotection. An observational measure of overprotection was also included. Mothers, fathers, and youth with SB reported on youths’ degree of responsibility for condition-related tasks. Analyses included age, lesion level, IQ, and the dependent variables at the prior wave as covariates. Results Bootstrapped mediation analyses revealed that PPCV significantly mediated the relationship between maternal distress and youth responsibility for medical tasks such that higher levels of distress at Time 1 predicted higher levels of PPCV at Time 2 and lower youth medical responsibility at Time 3. Furthermore, self-reported maternal overprotection significantly mediated the relationship between maternal PPCV and youth responsibility for medical tasks. Conclusions Maternal personal distress, PPCV, and self-reported overprotection are interrelated and affect youth’s condition-related responsibility. Interventions for mothers of youth with SB that target these factors may improve both maternal and youth outcomes.

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Ilgın, Can. "About Baby Devran: Preventable Maternal Deaths and Ethical Responsibility." Turkish Journal of Bioethics 4, no. 2 (2017): 92–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5505/tjob.2017.99608.

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Maher, JaneMaree, Suzanne Fraser, and Jan Wright. "Framing the mother: childhood obesity, maternal responsibility and care." Journal of Gender Studies 19, no. 3 (September 2010): 233–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09589231003696037.

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McNaughton, Darlene. "From the womb to the tomb: obesity and maternal responsibility." Critical Public Health 21, no. 2 (June 2011): 179–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09581596.2010.523680.

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Khan, Khalid S. "Maternal Mortality versus Researcher's Responsibility to Contribute to Its Reduction." Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology 29, no. 6 (October 7, 2015): 490–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ppe.12230.

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da Luz Vaz, M., and S. Bergström. "Mozambique - delegation of responsibility in the area of maternal care." International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics 38, Supplement (1992): S37—S39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0020-7292(92)90028-h.

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Parks, Jennifer A., and Timothy F. Murphy. "So not mothers: responsibility for surrogate orphans." Journal of Medical Ethics 44, no. 8 (April 12, 2018): 551–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/medethics-2017-104331.

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The law ordinarily recognises the woman who gives birth as the mother of a child, but in certain jurisdictions, it will recognise the commissioning couple as the legal parents of a child born to a commercial surrogate. Some commissioning parents have, however, effectively abandoned the children they commission, and in such cases, commercial surrogates may find themselves facing unexpected maternal responsibility for children they had fully intended to give up. Any assumption that commercial surrogates ought to assume maternal responsibility for abandoned children runs contrary to the moral suppositions that typically govern contract surrogacy, in particular, assumptions that gestational carriers are not ‘mothers’ in any morally significant sense. In general, commercial gestational surrogates are almost entirely conceptualised as ‘vessels’. In a moral sense, it is deeply inconsistent to expect commercial surrogates to assume maternal responsibility simply because commissioning parents abandon children for one reason or another. We identify several instances of child abandonment and discuss their implications with regard to the moral conceptualisation of commercial gestational surrogates. We conclude that if gestational surrogates are to remain conceptualised as mere vessels, they should not be expected to assume responsibility for children abandoned by commissioning parents, not even the limited responsibility of giving them up for adoption or surrendering them to the state.

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Hong, Seunghei Clara. "Bothering to Look: Beyond the Maternal to Ethical Responsibility in Madonna." International Journal of Korean History 24, no. 1 (February 28, 2019): 199–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.22372/ijkh.2019.24.1.199.

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Bhattacharjee, Manasi, Suman Jain, and Rashmi Mathur. "Consequences of Pain in Early Life and its Remedy: Maternal Responsibility." Marriage & Family Review 44, no. 2-3 (October 8, 2008): 238–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01494920802177709.

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Williams, Sarah A. "Narratives of responsibility: Maternal mortality, reproductive governance, and midwifery in Mexico." Social Science & Medicine 254 (June 2020): 112227. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.03.023.

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Bani-Khair, Baker, Omar Abdullah Alanbar, and Mohamad Hilmi Al Ahmad. "Maternal Love in Willa Cather’s Shadows on the Rock (1931)." International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature 10, no. 1 (January 31, 2021): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.10n.1p.77.

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Maternity is the primary obsession that haunts Cecile’s character in Willa Cather’s Shadows on the Rock (1931). Unable to decide what to go for, Cecile finds it impossible to leave without having Jacques, a person whom she has been taking care of and compensating him with the care he really needs. His mother could not provide him with the motherly love that Jacques needs as a little child like any other children of his age. Therefore, Cecile undertakes the maternal responsibility and provides him with the attention that he lacks from his mother. The relationship between Cecile and Jacques is a mother and child relationship. We understand this theme throughout the whole novel and through multiple examples and situations we encounter when reading the novel. It is a huge responsibility that Cecile takes and shoulders as she performs this difficult role into giving the maximum maternal care to a little child.

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Hutchins, Vince L. "Maternal and Child Health Bureau: Roots." Pediatrics 94, no. 5 (November 1, 1994): 695–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.94.5.695.

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The Maternal and Child Health Bureau has roots that go back over 80 years to the creation of the United States Children's Bureau on April 9, 1912, when President William Howard Taft approved an Act of Congress that created the Children's Bureau and directed it "to investigate and report on all matters pertaining to the welfare of children and child life among all classes of our people." This was the federal government's first recognition that it has a responsibility to promote the welfare of our nation's children. The Bureau's Chief was to be appointed by the President with the advice and consent of the Senate. Originally placed in the Department of Commerce and Labor, it was transferred to the newly formed Department of Labor in March, 1913. The Children's Bureau was a logical sequel to several child-oriented social and public health activities of the late 19th century: the establishment of milk stations; concern with the spread of communicable disease after compulsory school attendance laws were passed; the movement to outlaw child labor; and, the opening of Settlement Houses. Lillian Wald, organizer of public health nursing, an ardent fighter against child labor, and the founder of the Henry Street Settlement in New York City, was the person who first suggested a federal Children's Bureau. A bill, with the support of President Theodore Roosevelt, was introduced in both houses of Congress in 1906 and annually during the next 6 years. It met with fierce opposition both from states which felt that the federal government was usurping their responsibility for the welfare of children and from those who feared that it would give federal employees the right to enter and regulate the homes of private citizens.

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Kevin, Catherine. "Maternal Responsibility and Traceable Loss: medicine and miscarriage in twentieth-century Australia." Women's History Review 26, no. 6 (October 13, 2016): 840–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09612025.2016.1210955.

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MacKendrick, Norah, and Kate Cairns. "The Polluted Child and Maternal Responsibility in the US Environmental Health Movement." Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 44, no. 2 (January 2019): 307–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/699340.

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Rowley, Emma. "On doing ‘being ordinary’: women's accounts of BRCA testing and maternal responsibility." New Genetics and Society 26, no. 3 (December 2007): 241–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14636770701701774.

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Guenther, Lisa. "“Like a Maternal Body”: Emmanuel Levinas and the Motherhood of Moses." Hypatia 21, no. 1 (2006): 119–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1527-2001.2006.tb00968.x.

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Emmanuel Levinas compares ethical responsibility to a maternal body who bears the Other in the same without assimilation. In explicating this trope, he refers to a biblical passage in which Moses is like a “wet nurse” bearing Others whom he has “neither conceived nor given birth to” (Num. 11:12). A close reading of this passage raises questions about ethics, maternity, and sexual difference, for both the concept of ethical substitution and the material practice of mothering.

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Baldwin, Kylie. "Book review: Pam Lowe, Reproductive Health and Maternal Sacrifice: Women, Choice and Responsibility." Critical Social Policy 37, no. 2 (March 29, 2017): 322–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0261018316683462d.

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Watson, Amanda. "Quelling Anxiety as Intimate Work: Maternal Responsibility to Alleviate Bad Feelings Emerging from Precarity." Studies in Social Justice 10, no. 2 (December 19, 2016): 261–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.26522/ssj.v10i2.1360.

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This article brings feminist literature on anxiety and wellness to bear on the responsibilities of mothers as they are represented in a series of popular editorial publications. It seeks to deepen the interdisciplinary dialogue between these theories of affect and theories of care work by examining how popular representations of maternal responsibility reflect a contemporary “affect of motherhood” and indicate specifically that mothers might be “coming undone” under the weight of a shared, political anxiety that they are encouraged to feel individually. It is argued that the newly complex and competing labours of mothers, and mothers’ complicity in and resistance to these labours, can only be understood in the context of public anxiety. It asks what is at stake for the most disenfranchised women when it comes to recognizing and resisting today’s intensified forms of maternal responsibility.

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Kueny, Kathryn. "The Birth of Cain: Reproduction, Maternal Responsibility, and Moral Character in Early Islamic Exegesis." History of Religions 48, no. 2 (November 2008): 110–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/596568.

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Hasanova, Nargiza. "MOTHERHOOD IS THE IMMENSE RESPONSIBILITY OF THE MODERN ORIENTAL WOMAN." JOURNAL OF LOOK TO THE PAST 7, no. 3 (July 30, 2020): 76–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.26739/2181-9599-2020-7-11.

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The article presents opinions on education, enlightenment, views on the history of our country, the family, maternal responsibility, as well as the involvement of society and the family in the education and training of girls. At the same time, an analysis of the results of the questionnaire conducted by the author on the topic of the article in the city of Andijan is provided, as well as conclusions and recommendations based on it

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Leiferman, Jenn A., Sarah E. Dauber, Katie Scott, Kurt Heisler, and James F. Paulson. "Predictors of Maternal Depression Management among Primary Care Physicians." Depression Research and Treatment 2010 (2010): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/671279.

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Purpose. The present surveillance study examined predictors of the management of maternal depression in primary care settings.Methods. A total of 217 physicians completed a 60-item survey assessing demographics, physicians' attitudes, beliefs, efficacy, current practices, and perceived barriers regarding the management of maternal depression. Structural equation modeling was used to estimate a model that examined the relationships among physicians' knowledge, beliefs, self-efficacy, perceived barriers, past training toward and current management practices for maternal depression.Results. In a model predicting physician depression management practices, a good overall fit was observed (χ2=136.63,CFI=.97,TLI=.95,RMSEA=.05), with physician comfort with, confidence in, and perceived responsibility for managing maternal depression all having prominent positive associations.Conclusions. These findings will guide the development of future multifaceted intervention strategies to enhance physician skills in managing maternal depression in primary care settings.

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Mason, James. "The Myth of Madness: Murderous Mothers and Maternal Infanticide." Journal of Criminal Law 85, no. 6 (November 23, 2021): 441–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00220183211061218.

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The sex-specific doctrine of infanticide provides a merciful method of dealing with women who kill their newborn children in circumstances of psychological distress. This article examines the contentious medical rationale which underpins infanticide legislation with the purpose of providing a substantiated argument for the abolition of this antiquated doctrine. Specifically, a two-pronged approach is taken. First, by utilising the views of contemporary medical science, the scientific credibility of the medical rationale is scrutinised. Second, by drawing upon feminist legal theory, a myriad of concerns associated with the medicalisation of female offenders are critically discussed. Ultimately, it is suggested that the offence/defence of infanticide should be abolished and that crimes of this nature should be readily subsumed under the current partial defence of diminished responsibility.

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Tangir, Gali, Orna Cohen, and Einat Peled. "The Construction of Maternal Identity Among Nonresidential Mothers in Israel." Affilia 32, no. 4 (May 22, 2017): 517–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886109917708967.

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This study examined the construction of the maternal identity among Jewish Israeli women whose children are raised by their father in a sociocultural context that valorizes the maternal role in the lives of women. Interpretive interactionist analysis of in-depth interviews with 13 nonresidential mothers identified the discursive strategies that they used to negotiate a troubled maternal identity due to their nonnormative position. The mothers deflected guilt and responsibility for the fact that they do not live with their children. Further, they exhibited two dynamics of maternal identity construction: internalizing the critical discourse and constructing a nonresidential identity as a “good enough” mother. The findings support the view that hegemonic social discourses affect the construction of maternal identity by nonresidential mothers. At the same time, they are also indicative of the creation of an alternative discourse that portrays a nonresidential maternal identity as positive.

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Fernández, María C., and Emily Arcia. "Disruptive Behaviors and Maternal Responsibility: A Complex Portrait of Stigma, Self-Blame, and Other Reactions." Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences 26, no. 3 (August 2004): 356–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0739986304267208.

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Browning. "Sanitary Homesteads and Maternal Responsibility: Gendered Authorities Over Environmental Exposure to Pesticides in Indiana Agriculture." Indiana Magazine of History 116, no. 3 (2020): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.2979/indimagahist.116.3.02.

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Walker, Ruth, Danielle Mazza, Michelle Blumfield, Christie Bennett, and Helen Truby. "Maternal gestational weight gain during pregnancy: prioritising the conversation." Australian Journal of Primary Health 24, no. 1 (2018): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py17111.

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Pregnancy is a critical stage of life requiring urgent attention when taking a lifespan approach to obesity prevention. Excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) is highly predictive of overweight and obesity later in life for women and their offspring. This discussion describes the challenges faced by health professionals (general practitioners, midwives, allied health) in primary care in Australia when addressing GWG, presents evidence that supports re-prioritising GWG and highlights strategies that can be used to address GWG. The revised National Health and Medical Research Council antenatal care guidelines (to be formally released in early 2018) indicate it will be the responsibility of health professionals in antenatal care to initiate conversations about GWG with women. Women are open to discussing this sensitive topic and health professionals in primary care have an opportunity to be proactive in addressing barriers that have hindered conversations about GWG in the past so that women are supported to manage their weight during pregnancy.

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Haciomeroglu, Bikem, and A. Nuray Karanci. "Perceived Parental Rearing Behaviours, Responsibility Attitudes and Life Events as Predictors of Obsessive Compulsive Symptomatology: Test of a Cognitive Model." Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 42, no. 6 (July 19, 2013): 641–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1352465813000581.

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Background: It is important to investigate the role of cognitive, developmental and environmental factors in the development and maintenance of Obsessive Compulsive Symptomatology (OCS). Aims: The main objective of this study was to examine the vulnerability factors of OCS in a non-clinical sample. On the basis of Salkovskis’ cognitive model of OCD, the study aimed to investigate the role of perceived parental rearing behaviours, responsibility attitudes, and life events in predicting OCS. Furthermore, the mediator role of responsibility attitudes in the relationship between perceived parental rearing behaviours and OCS was examined. Finally, the specificity of these variables to OCS was evaluated by examining the relationship of the same variables with depression and trait anxiety. Method: A total of 300 university students (M = 19.55±1.79) were administered the Padua Inventory-Washington State University Revision, Responsibility Attitudes Scale, s-EMBU (My memories of upbringing), Life Events Inventory for University Students, Beck Depression Inventory, and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-Trait Form. Results: Regression analysis revealed that perceived mother overprotection, responsibility attitudes and life events significantly predicted OCS. Furthermore, responsibility attitudes mediated the relationship between perceived mother overprotection and OCS. The predictive role of perceived mother overprotection and the mediator role responsibility attitudes were OCS specific. Conclusions: The findings of the present study supported that perceived mother over-protection as a developmental vulnerability factor significantly contributed to the explanation of a cognitive vulnerability factor (namely responsibility attitudes), and perceived maternal overprotection had its predictive role for OCS through responsibility attitudes.

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Stevens, Lindsay M. "Environmental Contaminants and Reproductive Bodies." Journal of Health and Social Behavior 57, no. 4 (November 2, 2016): 471–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022146516671569.

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Increasingly, leading health organizations recommend that women who are pregnant or considering pregnancy avoid certain toxic chemicals found in our products, homes, and communities in order to protect fetuses from developmental and future harm. In the contemporary United States, women’s maternal bodies have been treated as sites of exceptional risk and individual responsibility. Many studies have examined this phenomenon through the lens of lifestyle behaviors like smoking, drinking, and exercise. However, we know little about how environmental hazards fit into the dominant framework of gendered, individual responsibility for risk regulation. I draw on in-depth interviews with 19 reproductive healthcare providers in the United States to explore how they think about their patients’ exposure to environmental contaminants and sometimes subvert this gendered, individualized responsibility and adopt more collective frames for understanding risk.

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Lamoreaux, Janelle. "What if the Environment is a Person? Lineages of Epigenetic Science in a Toxic China." Cultural Anthropology 31, no. 2 (May 4, 2016): 188–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.14506/ca31.2.03.

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Through an ethnographic portrayal of the research on and treatment of congenital disorders in China, in this article I suggest that epigenetic research has the potential not only to exaggerate maternal blame but also to deindividualize ideas of maternal and parental responsibility. When a pregnant woman and the generations that produced her are understood through epigenetic studies as the environmental contexts of another person, responsibility has the potential to be reimagined as existing in relations and configurations that move beyond individualized understandings of personhood. Moreover, I argue that epigenetic models of development and inheritance at work in toxicological studies in China, and in the postgenomic embrace of complexity more generally, strongly resonate with existing social scientific models of Chinese life. Toxicologists conducting epigenetic research in China today reconfigure preexisting models of transgenerational, biosocial relationality to reassert a sense of social, environmental, and intergenerational connectivity in a moment of increasing individualization and chemical toxicity.

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Melberg, Andrea, Alemnesh Hailemariam Mirkuzie, Tesfamichael Awoke Sisay, Mitike Molla Sisay, and Karen Marie Moland. "‘Maternal deaths should simply be 0’: politicization of maternal death reporting and review processes in Ethiopia." Health Policy and Planning 34, no. 7 (July 31, 2019): 492–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czz075.

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Abstract The Maternal Death Surveillance and Response system (MDSR) was implemented in Ethiopia in 2013 to record and review maternal deaths. The overall aim of the system is to identify and address gaps in order to prevent future death but, to date, around 10% of the expected number of deaths are reported. This article examines practices and reasoning involved in maternal death reporting and review practices in Ethiopia, building on the concept of ‘practical norms’. The study is based on multi-sited fieldwork at different levels of the Ethiopian health system including interviews, document analysis and observations, and has documented the politicized nature of MDSR implementation. Death reporting and review are challenged by the fact that maternal mortality is a main indicator of health system performance. Health workers and bureaucrats strive to balance conflicting demands when implementing the MDSR system: to report all deaths; to deliver perceived success in maternal mortality reduction by reporting as few deaths as possible; and to avoid personalized accountability for deaths. Fear of personal and political accountability for maternal deaths strongly influences not only reporting practices but also the care given in the study sites. Health workers report maternal deaths in ways that minimize their number and deflect responsibility for adverse outcomes. They attribute deaths to community and infrastructural factors, which are often beyond their control. The practical norms of how health workers report deaths perpetuate a skewed way of seeing problems and solutions in maternal health. On the basis of our findings, we argue that closer attention to the broader political context is needed to understand the implementation of MDSR and other surveillance systems.

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Hodkinson, Paul, and Rachel Brooks. "Interchangeable parents? The roles and identities of primary and equal carer fathers of young children." Current Sociology 68, no. 6 (November 7, 2018): 780–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011392118807530.

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Against the context of enduring gender inequalities in early years parental care, this article examines the experiences of UK fathers who had taken on primary or equal care responsibility for children aged three or under. Informed by qualitative interviews with 24 such fathers, the article explores a discourse of parental interchangeability that pervaded their accounts before outlining the ways that, in practice, most caregiving tasks did tend to be allocated to them or their partners primarily on the basis of factors other than gender. The men’s comfort in presenting themselves and their partners as interchangeable equivalents, along with the range of caregiving approaches they were taking on, suggests that they had begun to move beyond clearly differentiated motherly or fatherly roles. The study goes on, however, to show that certain emotional, organisational and social aspects of parenting sometimes continued to be centred on mothers. In explaining the endurance of these areas of maternal responsibility within otherwise interchangeable partnerships, mutually reinforcing sets of maternal pressures and paternal barriers are outlined.

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Moedjiono, Apik Indarty, Kuntoro Kuntoro, and Hari Basuki Notobroto. "Indicators of Husband's Role in Pregnancy and Maternity Care." International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) 6, no. 2 (September 1, 2017): 192. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijphs.v6i2.6181.

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The maternal mortality rate (MMR) in developing countries is still a major health problem, including in Indonesia. Antenatal Care (ANC), delivery with skilled birth attendance (SBA) at the time of delivery and delivery in institutional are universally considered important for reducing maternal mortality. Husbands can play a crucial role in pregnancy and childbirth. Therefore, the aim of this study was analyze the indicators of husband's role in pregnancy and maternity care which were suspected as one of the determinants of ANC and SBA use in Polewali Mandar Regency. The population of this prospective cohort study was all married and pregnant woman, before using contraceptives and contraceptive failure or not using contraception and pregnancy is planned, unplanned pregnancy or mistimed pregnancy in Polewali Mandar 2015 (Size of sample = 100). Samples were randomly selected from participants of screening in 12 sub-districts in Polewali Mandar. Data about husband's role in pregnancy and maternity care was obtained through interviews using a structured questionnaire data processing by using SMART-PLS. The result of data analysis suggested that the coefficient value that has been standardized from each indicator were as follows: accessibility = 0.944 and engagement = 0.954, dan responsibility = 0.968. Indicators of organizational support in implementing Maternal and Child Health Information System at Polewali Mandar Regency, respectively from the most important are: responsibility, engagement, and accessibility.

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Mariska, Muhaemin, and Firman. "Responsibility Guru Pendidik Agama Islam di Sekolah Luar Biasa." Didaktika: Jurnal Kependidikan 10, no. 4 (November 1, 2021): 251–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.58230/27454312.118.

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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: 1. Mendeskripsikan tentang metode penanaman pendidikan agama Islam di SLB Negeri 1 Palopo, 2. Menemukan kendala dalam menanamkan pendidikan agama Islam di SLB Negeri 1 Palopo. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kualitatif. Pemeriksaan data pada penelitian ini dilakukan dengan cara perpanjangan, keikutsertaan, ketekunan, pengamatan melalui wawancara atau diskusi, dan pengamatan secara langsung. Analisis data dilakukan dengan memberikan makna terhadap data yang berhasil dikumpulkan dalam analisis data peneliti menggunakan teori Seiddel yakni Mencatat hasil data dari lapangan, Mengumpulkan, dan Berfikir tentang keterkaitan data yang ada. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa: Guru Pendidikan Agama Islam di SLB Negeri I Palopo menggunakan pendekatan persuasif. Pembinaan ini dilakukan dengan kondisi peserta didik, adapun strategi yang digunakan yaitu strategi pengajaran kooperatif, modifikasi tingkah laku dengan metode maternal reflektif (MMR) dan ceramah. Materi yang diajarkan meliputi pembinaan iman (seperti pengenalan rukun iman), ibadah (tata cara wudhlu, shalat berjamaah), dan akhlak (bertingkah laku dengan teman, guru dan orang tua)., 2. faktor penghambat pembinaan agama Islam di SLB Negeri I Palopo adalah kemampuan dan karakter anak yang tidak sama, dan guru yang kurang., adapun kendala lain yaitu penggunaan mushallah sebagai pusat pembinaan belum maksimal karena dalam tahap perbaikan. Selain itu minimnya alat peraga menjadi satu penghambat dalam memberikan materi kepada peserta didik.

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Sitorus, Jonni. "Upaya penurunan jumlah kematian ibu dan bayi melalui peran stakeholder." Inovasi 17, no. 2 (October 21, 2020): 141–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.33626/inovasi.v17i2.297.

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The number of maternal deaths in North Sumatra in 2017 was recorded in Labuhanbatu Regency and Deli Serdang Regency as many as 15 deaths, Langkat Regency with 13 deaths, and Batubara Regency with 11 deaths. Efforts to accelerate the reduction of Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) and Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) are carried out to ensure that every mother is able to access quality maternal health services, such as maternal health services, delivery assistance by trained health personnel in health care facilities, postpartum care for mothers and babies, special care and referrals if complications occur, the ease of obtaining maternity and childbirth leave and family planning services. Efforts to reduce MMR and IMR are not only the responsibility of one sector, but need the involvement and roles of other stakeholders to accelerate the reduction of MMR/IMR. This study aims to provide recommendations for the reduction of MMR/IMR through the role of stakeholders in North Sumatra. The study used a qualitative method with a phenomenological approach which was conducted from May to September 2019. The research locations were: Mandailing Natal Regency, Deli Serdang Regency, Simalungun Regency, and Sibolga City. The research subjects consisted of 3 (three) elements, namely: Government, Private and Community. Data collection was carried out through observation and through Focus Group Discussion (FGD). This study concludes that the model of efforts to reduce maternal and infant mortality rates must be carried out in a holistic and integrative manner with medical, social, and cultural approaches, starting from health services for adolescent girls, women of productive age, pregnant women, maternity, newborns and toddlers. Efforts to reduce MMR and IMR are the responsibility of all DPOs and elements of academia, business and community, whose programs and activities are integrated. Efforts to reduce MMR and IMR must be viewed from various perspectives, including from a medical, social and cultural perspective.

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Thomas, Jeanne L. "Gender and Perceptions of Grandparenthood." International Journal of Aging and Human Development 29, no. 4 (December 1989): 269–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/h9xb-9vl6-kfcq-l60e.

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Grandparents ( N = 301) were interviewed concerning their relationship with one grandchild; topics included the meaning of the relationship, responsibility toward the grandchild, and satisfaction with the relationship. Grandparent gender by grandchild gender by maternal/paternal grandparent MANOVA's revealed no differences in the relationships associated with grandchild gender or with maternal/paternal grandparent status; nor were there significant interaction effects. Grandmothers expressed greater satisfaction than did grandfathers; grandfathers stressed family extension through grandchildren and the pleasures of indulging grandchildren to a greater extent than did grandmothers. These gender differences may reflect personality development in adulthood and the cultural context of the research.

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PALA, Aplonia, Endang LARASATI, Sri SUWITRI, and Ngalimun NGALIMUN. "Maternal and Child Health Services in The Border Area of Indonesia-East Timor-Based on Community Empowerment." PRIZREN SOCIAL SCIENCE JOURNAL 3, no. 2 (August 24, 2019): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.32936/pssj.v3i2.93.

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Health care is a human right for communities who arranged mandatory organized by government mandate bases on Constitution 1945. Maternal health services include antenatal, childbirth services and parturition. While children's services are, include the ministries of the newborn, baby and toddlers. In North Central Timor Regency (TTU) in the last five years maternal mortality (AKI), infant mortality (AKB) and Mortality Toddler (AKABA) is very fluctuating. This illustrates that the district health degree requires revamping TTU Regency thoroughly of all aspects related to it. The acceleration of the decline in the mortality rate of mothers, babies and toddlers will improve public health degrees in North Central Timor. This done through community empowerment approach in the field of maternal and child health in which the community does not placed as health development destinations but placed as subjects of health development to enhance the knowledge, attitudes and behavior as well as self-reliance community for healthy living. Community empowerment in the health field can be encouraged through the Health Efforts Resource of Community (UKBM) such as the village health post, a postal village, the construction of an integrated, unified service and post maternity huts are scattered in the whole area villages of North Central Timor. Through community empowerment in the health community field, getting involved is active in the health service because the public join the plan, monitor, evaluate and keep maternal and child health services According to applicable minimum service standard. It can also increase public awareness in the mindset and behave clean living and healthy because of the maternal and child health issues in North Central Timor Regency not only just the responsibility of the Department of Health of North Central Timor, but also be the responsibility of all elements in society. Therefore it takes cooperation of cross-program and cross-sector, i.e. Government Sectors, Private Sector, Community and Health Care in this area so as able to increase the degree of maternal and child health in North Central Timor Regency. Key words: Public Health, North Central Timor Regency,Empowerment, Community HealthHealth Resources.

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Melberg, Andrea, Lidiya Teklemariam, Karen Marie Moland, Henriette Sinding Aasen, and Mitike Molla Sisay. "Juridification of maternal deaths in Ethiopia: a study of the Maternal and Perinatal Death Surveillance and Response (MPDSR) system." Health Policy and Planning 35, no. 8 (June 28, 2020): 900–905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czaa043.

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Abstract Juridification of maternal health care is on the rise globally, but little is known about its manifestations in resource constrained settings in sub-Saharan Africa. The Maternal and Perinatal Death Surveillance and Response (MPDSR) system is implemented in Ethiopia to record and review all maternal and perinatal deaths, but underreporting of deaths remains a major implementation challenge. Fear of blame and malpractice litigation among health workers are important factors in underreporting, suggestive of an increased juridification of birth care. By taking MPDSR implementation as an entry point, this article aims to explore the manifestations of juridification of birth care in Ethiopia. Based on multi-sited fieldwork involving interviews, document analysis and observations at different levels of the Ethiopian health system, we explore responses to maternal deaths at various levels of the health system. We found an increasing public notion of maternal deaths being caused by malpractice, and a tendency to perceive the juridical system as the only channel to claim accountability for maternal deaths. Conflicts over legal responsibility for deaths influenced birth care provision. Both health workers and health bureaucrats strived to balance conflicting concerns related to the MPDSR system: reporting all deaths vs revealing failures in service provision. This dilemma encouraged the development of strategies to avoid personalized accountability for deaths. In this context, increased juridification impacted both care and reporting practices. Our study demonstrates the need to create a system that secures legal protection of health professionals reporting maternal deaths as prescribed and provides the public with mechanisms to claim accountability and high-quality birth care services.

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Overbey, Gail, and Leslee K. Pollina. "Generational differences in perceived responsibility for adolescent support: A study of adolescent females, mothers, and maternal grandmothers." Journal of Youth and Adolescence 25, no. 5 (October 1996): 599–613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01537356.

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Jeon, Sesong, and Katie Walker. "The Role of Maternal Grandmothers’ Childcare Provision for Korean Working Adult Daughters." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 21 (October 31, 2022): 14226. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192114226.

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Despite the Korean government’s investment in childcare facilities for dual-earner households, maternal grandmothers are increasingly taking on the responsibility of caring for their grandchildren. This trend is examined in the current research. While many studies have been conducted on grandparents’ experiences providing childcare for their grandchildren, significantly less research has been conducted on adult daughters’ experiences with their mothers’ childcare provision. This study utilized the concepts of intergenerational solidarity and a life-course approach to understand the experiences of 24 working adult daughters in Korea (ages 30–43) whose mothers provide childcare. Three major themes were identified following a grounded theory approach: gratitude vs. guilt, dependence vs. independence, and closeness vs. disagreement. The results indicated that adult daughters were found to have ambivalence toward their mothers, reflecting the lack of alternative options for childcare. The results from this study suggest that not only improving the quality of public childcare services, but also diversifying services to reflect the needs of dual-income families.

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Dhungana, M., and A. Kachapati. "Maternal Stress of Hospitalized Children in A Hospital of Rupandehi, Nepal." Journal of Psychiatrists' Association of Nepal 7, no. 1 (June 28, 2018): 46–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpan.v7i1.22937.

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Introduction: Illness and hospitalization are often critical events that a child is faced with and the stress of it can affect all family members. Maternal stress and anxiety can also affect the child in two ways, transferring stress to the child and interfering with the mother’s ability of childcare. Researcher sought to find out the maternal stressors of hospitalized children in a hospital of Nepal. Material and Method: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to find out the maternal stressors of hospitalized children among one hundred and five mothers selected through non probability purposive method. The data was collected by using semi-structured interview schedule and data was analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics with SPSS software version 16. Results: The findings of the study revealed that more than half of the mothers 62.8%, 58.1%, 63.8%, 90.4%, 88.6%, 78%, 83.8% and 87.7% had very high stress related to child factors; child appears lethargic, weak and pale, prolongation of hospitalization, uncertain try about future of child’s medical condition, fear of relapse, child irritability and crying, in concern about IV fluids and tubes connected, child’s pain, and about laboratory and imaging respectively. Majority of mothers had stress related to social and economic aspects, 59% for failure to provide comfort to other children due to child illness, 82.8% had stress regarding being away from work and living place. Regarding stressors related to environmental factors, Majority 54.2% mothers had very high stress from equipments, 84.7% mothers had very high stress on unfamiliar environment, 68.5% had very high stress for lack of adequate sanitation and air pollution, 59% had very high stress that no room to rest for visitor. Regarding stressors related to hospital staffs, 78% mothers had very high stress for giving the responsibility for monitoring IV fluids, 74.2% had very high stress for turning over responsibility for collecting samples to mothers by nursing staffs, 60.9% mothers had very high stress on lack of attention from nursing staffs about mother’s problem and 68.5% had very high stress on lack of proper nutrition for hospitalized children. Conclusion: Based on the study findings, it is concluded that mothers were passionate in taking care of their child. Most mothers had recognized that illness and hospitalization of their children had an overwhelming psychological and emotional impact on their own behavior and they did not have enough control over their reactions. Therefore, special attention should be given to identify the stressors in nursing care, planning and parents’ education, moving stressors and treatment in the same direction and the factors that can reduce the mother’s ability to provide childcare and delay in treatment progress.

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Valarino, Isabel, Gerardo Meil, and Jesús Rogero-García. "Family or state responsibility? Elderly- and childcare policy preferences in Spain." International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 38, no. 11/12 (October 8, 2018): 1101–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijssp-06-2018-0086.

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PurposeSpain is typically considered a familialistic country where the family is the main responsible for individuals’ well-being. Recent demographic, socioeconomic and policy changes raise the question to what extent familialism is regarded as the preferred care arrangement in society or whether more state support is considered legitimate. The purpose of this paper is to analyse individual preferences among Spanish residents regarding care responsibility for pre-school children and the frail elderly, and the factors that influence such preferences.Design/methodology/approachRepresentative data from the 2012 International Social Survey Programme are used (n=1419). Six patterns of care responsibility that capture preferences regarding who, between the family or the state, should provide and pay for the care of pre-school children and the frail elderly are identified. Logistic regressions are performed on each care responsibility pattern to analyse the factors influencing individuals’ preferences.FindingsMultiple preferences coexist and state responsibility is often preferred over family responsibility, especially for elderly-care. It suggests that the tendency to rely on the family in Spain is due to insufficient support rather than to familialistic values. Individuals who usually bear most care work responsibilities, such as women and individuals in caring ages, or those with a poor health, high care load or low income consider there should be extra-family support. Individuals’ values also matter: the least religious, the most supportive of maternal employment and left-wing voters are most likely to reject traditional care arrangements.Originality/valueThis is the first study to analyse both elderly- and childcare policy preferences in one single study. It shows that childcare is more often seen as a family responsibility than elderly care.

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Quiroz-Guerrero, Javier, Alejandra Ortega-Pardo, Rafael Edgardo Maldonado-Valadez, Raúl García-Díaz de León, Lorena Mercado-Villareal, and Edel Rafael Rodea-Montero. "Maternal Anxiety Associated with Nocturnal Childhood Enuresis." Children 9, no. 8 (August 15, 2022): 1232. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children9081232.

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Introduction: Nocturnal enuresis is a common problem affecting 20% of 5-year-old children; its prevalence decreases with age. Nocturnal bedwetting in children younger than 5 is generally accepted by parents and society, but the expectation of parents is that children will achieve a higher degree of responsibility and increased control with age. Some studies have identified maternal distress as a factor associated with childhood urinary incontinence; specifically, maternal stress, maternal depression, and maternal anxiety. The aim of this study was to compare the degree of anxiety (trait and state) among mothers of children with nocturnal enuresis and mothers of healthy children. Methods: This was a prospective, cross-sectional, comparative study including two groups: a control group of 25 mothers of healthy children from open population, and an enuresis group of 25 mothers of children with nocturnal enuresis of the pediatric urology clinic of a third-level Mexican Hospital. STAI-T and STAI-S tests were performed and assessed blindly. Quantitative variables were compared using the Mann–Whitney U test, and qualitative determinations using a chi-square test or Fischer’s exact test. Results: The STAI-S and STAI-T tests results identified 14 (56%) mothers of enuretic children with moderate-to-severe trait anxiety versus 4 (16%) mothers from the control group and moderate-to-severe state anxiety in 23 (92%) of the mothers of enuretic children compared to 7 (28%) control-group mothers. The anxiety scores were significantly higher for the enuresis group for both tests: STAI-T: 53.00 ± 8.39 versus 41.52 ± 9.61 (p < 0.001) and STAI-S: 56.48 ± 6.83 versus 43.84 ± 10.57 (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Mothers of children with nocturnal enuresis present state anxiety ranging from moderate to severe. In clinical practice, our results indicate that the transitory emotion experienced by mothers of enuretic children cannot be neglected in an enuresis treatment program, state anxiety needs to be evaluated, and psychological interventions need to be implemented.

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Nair, Manisha, Catherine Nelson-Piercy, and Marian Knight. "Indirect maternal deaths: UK and global perspectives." Obstetric Medicine 10, no. 1 (February 1, 2017): 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1753495x16689444.

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Indirect maternal deaths outnumber direct deaths due to obstetric causes in many high-income countries, and there has been a significant increase in the proportion of maternal deaths due to indirect medical causes in low- to middle-income countries. This review presents a detailed analysis of indirect maternal deaths in the UK and a perspective on the causes and trends in indirect maternal deaths and issues related to care in low- to middle-income countries. There has been no significant decrease in the rate of indirect maternal deaths in the UK since 2003. In 2011–2013, 68% of all maternal deaths were due to indirect causes, and cardiac disease was the single largest cause. The major issues identified in care of women who died from an indirect cause was a lack of clarity about which medical professional should take responsibility for care and overall management. Under-reporting and misclassification result in underestimation of the rate of indirect maternal deaths in low- to middle-income countries. Causes of indirect death include a range of communicable diseases, non-communicable diseases and nutritional disorders. There has been evidence of a shift in incidence from direct to indirect maternal deaths in many low- to middle-income countries due to an increase in non-communicable diseases among women in the reproductive age. The gaps in care identified include poor access to health services, lack of healthcare providers, delay in diagnosis or misdiagnosis and inadequate follow-up during the postnatal period. Irrespective of the significant gains made in reducing maternal mortality in many countries worldwide, there is evidence of a steady increase in the rate of indirect deaths due to pre-existing medical conditions. This heightens the need for research to generate evidence about the risk factors, management and outcomes of specific medical comorbidities during pregnancy in order to provide appropriate evidence-based multidisciplinary care across the entire pathway: pre-pregnancy, during pregnancy and delivery, and postpartum.

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Van Roessel, I. M. A. A., N. I. Mazur, S. K. Shah, L. Bont, and R. Van Der Graaf. "Post-trial Access in Maternal Vaccine Trials." American Journal of Perinatology 36, S 02 (June 25, 2019): S41—S47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1691799.

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AbstractProvisions for post-trial access (PTA) of the experimental intervention are required before the start of a clinical trial. Although there has been ample attention for PTA in the context of preventive vaccine research, discussions on PTA barely include maternal vaccine trials in which mother–infant pairs are exposed to the intervention. In maternal vaccination trials, specific PTA arrangements are required because pregnancy is transient and PTA may apply to the next pregnancy or the child. In this article, we examine the application and adherence to PTA in the context of maternal vaccine trials. We focused on differences between publications before and after 2000 when international ethical guidance documents formalized PTA requirements. Randomized maternal vaccine trials were included after a systematic search for clinical trials in phases II and III with a maternal vaccine as intervention. We used PTA as defined at the time of publication in the World Medical Association's Declaration of Helsinki (DoH) or in the ethical guidelines of the Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences (CIOMS). In addition, we investigated whether PTA was included in the trial design. Therefore, we contacted principal investigators (PI’s) of the publications found in the review to fill out a questionnaire regarding provisions for PTA. Before and after 2000, no trial articles examined in the systematic review described PTA in their trial publication (0/7, 0% and 0/17, 0%, respectively). In addition, more than half of the PI’s of the trials found were not familiar with PTA recommendations in international ethical guidelines. Most cases of PTA included making knowledge available by publishing the results of the trial. The revision of the DoH in 2002 and the CIOMS ethical guidelines in 2002 has not resulted in increased PTA provisions for maternal vaccination trials. PTA is a shared responsibility of various stakeholders including sponsors, Institutional Review Boards, regulators, political entities, and researchers. Inclusion of PTA provisions in trial protocols and publications on maternal vaccination trials is essential to increase transparency on the form and content of these provisions.

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Ono, Yutaka, Kimio Yoshimura, Hiroko Mizushima, Hiroshi Manki, Gohei Yagi, Shigenobu Kanba, Jeffery Nathan, and Masahiro Asai. "Environmental and Possible Genetic Contributions to Character Dimensions of Personality." Psychological Reports 84, no. 2 (April 1999): 689–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1999.84.2.689.

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The relationship between dimensions of personality characteristics and the perceived rearing attitude of parents in the Japanese population were investigated. The scores on a measure of perceived parental attitude of 153 normal female students, measured on the Parker Parental Bonding Instrument, were correlated with personality features from the Japanese version of the Cloninger Temperament and Character Inventory. Self-directedness, especially the subclasses of Responsibility vs Blaming and Congruent Second Nature vs Incongruent Habits, was significantly related to high scores on Maternal Care and low scores on Maternal Overprotection. The subscale of Self-acceptance vs Self-striving correlated only with low scores on Maternal Overprotection. Paternal Care was only related to the total scale scores on Self-directedness. Results suggest that some personality traits may be related to the perceived attitudes of parents, especially of the mother, during childhood.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Maternal responsibility'

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