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Journal articles on the topic 'Maternal looking'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Chazotte, Cynthia, and Mary E. D’Alton. "Maternal mortality in New York—Looking back, looking forward." Seminars in Perinatology 40, no. 2 (March 2016): 132–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.semperi.2015.11.020.

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2

Keleher, Helen, and Kerreen Reiger. "Tensions in maternal and child health policy in Victoria: looking back, looking forward." Australian Health Review 27, no. 2 (2004): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah042720017.

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Helen Keleher is Associate Professor in the School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University.Kerreen Reiger is Associate Professor in the School of Social Sciences, La Trobe University.Since the late 1980s, Maternal and Child Health Services (MCHS) in Victoria have undergone significant change. This paper provides an historically-informed analysis of the complex intersection of policy, administrative restructuring and stakeholder interests. It draws on and extends the authors' previous research into MCH Service policy directions and administration, including the impact of Compulsory Competitive Tendering (CCT) on MCH nurses in the 1990s. Historically there has been little explicit debate about either organisational arrangements, or the policy objectives of the MCHS. The dominant focus on health surveillance of infants never adequately reflected nurses' wider role in the community and was not consistent with a wider social model of health. Tensions between professional, consumer and administrative stakeholders became heightened by the implementation of the 1990s neoliberal political agenda. During this period, when restructuring linked funding to service delivery through tendering arrangements, apolitical and policy settlement further institutionalised surveillance as the basis of the MCHS. The restructured Service has remained constrained by the dominance of health surveillance as the primary program goal even after more varied contracting arrangements replaced CCT. Although recent initiatives indicate signs of hange, narrow surveillancebased guidelines for Victorian MCH Services are not consistent, we argue, with recent early years of life policy which calls for approaches derived from socio-ecological models of health.
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3

Reid, Guynel Marie. "Maternal Sex-Stereotyping of Newborns." Psychological Reports 75, no. 3_suppl (December 1994): 1443–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1994.75.3f.1443.

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Gender as a social category playing a role in the process of how mothers perceive their newborns was investigated. 94 primiparous mothers completed a survey that included a physical and an emotional scale on their newborn infants. Neither scale as a whole discriminated between the male and female newborns; however, a one-way analysis of variance did identify four statistically discriminating items. The four items evidence maternal perceptions that sex-stereotype males as having broad, wide hands, looking tall and large, looking athletic, and being mostly serious—not smiling but not crying. Maternal sex-stereotyped perceptions for daughters would be the inverse of these. 30 items gave similar maternal ratings between the two gender sets. These confirmed prior work in 1974 showing sex-stereotyped physical characteristics outnumber the emotional characteristics. The similarity of current conclusions to the 1974 data suggests less than expected fundamental parental attitudinal change due to increased societal interest and attention to gender and sex-stereotyping.
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4

Vogel, Joshua P., Cynthia Pileggi-Castro, Venkatraman Chandra-Mouli, Vicky Nogueira Pileggi, João Paulo Souza, Doris Chou, and Lale Say. "Millennium Development Goal 5 and adolescents: looking back, moving forward." Archives of Disease in Childhood 100, Suppl 1 (January 22, 2015): S43—S47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2013-305514.

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Since the Millennium Declaration in 2000, unprecedented progress has been made in the reduction of global maternal mortality. Millennium Development Goal 5 (MDG 5; improving maternal health) includes two primary targets, 5A and 5B. Target 5A aimed for a 75% reduction in the global maternal mortality ratio (MMR), and 5B aimed to achieve universal access to reproductive health. Globally, maternal mortality since 1990 has nearly halved and access to reproductive health services in developing countries has substantially improved. In setting goals and targets for the post-MDG era, the global maternal health community has recognised that ultimate goal of ending preventable maternal mortality is now within reach. The new target of a global MMR of <70 deaths per 100 000 live births by 2030 is ambitious, yet achievable and to reach this target a significantly increased effort to promote and ensure universal, equitable access to reproductive, maternal and newborn services for all women and adolescents will be required. In this article, as we reflect on patterns, trends and determinants of maternal mortality, morbidity and other key MDG5 indicators among adolescents, we aim to highlight the importance of promoting and protecting the sexual and reproductive health and rights of adolescents as part of renewed global efforts to end preventable maternal mortality.
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5

Pereira-Santos, Marcos, and Ana Marlúcia Oliveira. "Maternal gestational vitamin D supplementation and child health: looking to the future." Public Health Nutrition 20, no. 10 (January 18, 2017): 1884–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980016003554.

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6

Bergström, Staffan. "Global maternal health and newborn health: Looking backwards to learn from history." Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology 36 (October 2016): 3–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2016.05.010.

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7

Díaz-Yamal, Ivonne. "FECOLSOG: Improving maternal, sexual and reproductive health." Revista Colombiana de Obstetricia y Ginecología 67, no. 4 (December 15, 2016): 269. http://dx.doi.org/10.18597/rcog.1118.

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<p>Under the leadership of its Board of Directors, the Colombian Federation of<br />Obstetrics and Gynaecology (FECOLSOG) has undertaken the task of developing a strategic plan looking to 2020. This new plan seeks to respond to the health situation in our country and it focuses on public health actions designed to improve maternal<br />and perinatal indicators, develop interventions in sexual and reproductive health, work on training and recertification of our members, and update procedures that need to be covered by benefit plans paid through public funds.</p>
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8

Smith, Tom S., Steven C. Amstrup, B. J. Kirschhoffer, and Geoffrey York. "Efficacy of aerial forward-looking infrared surveys for detecting polar bear maternal dens." PLOS ONE 15, no. 2 (February 27, 2020): e0222744. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0222744.

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9

Mooney, Susan. "Women's Looking Relations After the Gaze: Maternal Ambivalence and Queerness inNotes on a Scandal." Quarterly Review of Film and Video 33, no. 6 (March 25, 2016): 529–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10509208.2015.1089090.

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10

McIntire, Marina L., and Judy Reilly. "Looking for Frogs in the Narrative Stream: Global and Local Relations in Maternal Narratives." Journal of Narrative and Life History 6, no. 1 (January 1, 1996): 65–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jnlh.6.1.04loo.

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Abstract In this study, we compared storytelling of a pictured narrative, Frog, Where Are You?, by 6 Deaf and 6 hearing mothers in American Sign Language (ASL) and in English, respectively. How do these mothers construct their stories, that is, how do they mark episodes? And how do English-speakers' strategies differ from ASL-users' strategies? We found that stories in ASL contained more explicit markers to signal both local and global relations of the narrative. Because of modality and grammatical differences between English and ASL, Deaf mothers seemed to have more strategies available to use. Although the overall pattern of use throughout the story was similar, Deaf mothers appeared to be more "dramatic" in their storytelling than were hearing mothers. Both groups of parents used a variety of markers to call their children's attention to the theme of the story. (Psychology)
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11

Dunst, Carl J., and Carol M. Trivette. "Looking beyond the parent-child dyad for the determinants of maternal styles of interaction." Infant Mental Health Journal 7, no. 1 (1986): 69–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1097-0355(198621)7:1<69::aid-imhj2280070108>3.0.co;2-l.

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12

Stewart, Michael. "Falling, Looking, Caring: Red Road as Melodrama." Journal of British Cinema and Television 9, no. 4 (October 2012): 548–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/jbctv.2012.0105.

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This article examines Red Road as a melodrama and woman's film. It argues that the film is traductively real and melodramatic, and that conceiving the film in melodramatic terms is contrary to the way in which it has been defined in public discourses and academic analysis. Red Road is film melodrama in a number of related ways, via: tropes of narrative and character; a tendency to look back, work through and act out in a melancholy and melodramatic fashion; an emphasis on familialism and redemption; and the nomination of its central character as a woman and mother. Red Road is a maternal text in familiar and complex ways – for example, in the way in which CCTV is inscribed with guardianship and care, and also via Jackie's presentation as a sexual and narrative riddle and other-worldly figure. Jackie's sphinx-like status, the paper argues, connects with Red Road's multiple and twilight qualities, and this is supported by the film's affective elements, including its treatment of the Red Road flats. This treatment helps to engender Red Road's qualities not only of redemption and rebirth, but also of memory and revision.
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13

de Lange, Ann-Marie G., Tobias Kaufmann, Dennis van der Meer, Luigi A. Maglanoc, Dag Alnæs, Torgeir Moberget, Gwenaëlle Douaud, Ole A. Andreassen, and Lars T. Westlye. "Population-based neuroimaging reveals traces of childbirth in the maternal brain." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 44 (October 15, 2019): 22341–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1910666116.

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Maternal brain adaptations have been found across pregnancy and postpartum, but little is known about the long-term effects of parity on the maternal brain. Using neuroimaging and machine learning, we investigated structural brain characteristics in 12,021 middle-aged women from the UK Biobank, demonstrating that parous women showed less evidence of brain aging compared to their nulliparous peers. The relationship between childbirths and a “younger-looking” brain could not be explained by common genetic variation or relevant confounders. Although prospective longitudinal studies are needed, the results suggest that parity may involve neural changes that could influence women’s brain aging later in life.
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14

Ravaccia, Davide, and Taravat Ghafourian. "Critical Role of the Maternal Immune System in the Pathogenesis of Autism Spectrum Disorder." Biomedicines 8, no. 12 (December 1, 2020): 557. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines8120557.

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Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are a group of neurodevelopmental disorders characterised by impairments in communication, social interaction, and the presence of restrictive and repetitive behaviours. Over the past decade, most of the research in ASD has focused on the contribution of genetics, with the identification of a variety of different genes and mutations. However, the vast heterogeneity in clinical presentations associated with this disorder suggests that environmental factors may be involved, acting as a “second hit” in already genetically susceptible individuals. To this regard, emerging evidence points towards a role for maternal immune system dysfunctions. This literature review considered evidence from epidemiological studies and aimed to discuss the pathological relevance of the maternal immune system in ASD by looking at the proposed mechanisms by which it alters the prenatal environment. In particular, this review focuses on the effects of maternal immune activation (MIA) by looking at foetal brain-reactive antibodies, cytokines and the microbiome. Despite the arguments presented here that strongly implicate MIA in the pathophysiology of ASD, further research is needed to fully understand the precise mechanisms by which they alter brain structure and behaviour. Overall, this review has not only shown the importance of the maternal immune system as a risk factor for ASD, but more importantly, has highlighted new promising pathways to target for the discovery of novel therapeutic interventions for the treatment of such a life-changing disorder.
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15

Morrell, Julian M. B. "The Infant Sleep Questionnaire: A New Tool to Assess Infant Sleep Problems for Clinical and Research Purposes." Child Psychology and Psychiatry Review 4, no. 1 (February 1999): 20–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1360641798001816.

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Most published questionnaires for infant sleep problems form part of general questionnaires looking at a wider range of infant behaviours. This paper evaluates the Infant Sleep Questionnaire (ISQ), a maternal self- report questionnaire designed specifically to assess sleeping behaviour in 12–18-month-old infants. The sensitivity and specificity of the ISQ as compared to maternal sleep diary measures is reported. The use of the ISQ for clinical and research purposes is discussed.
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16

Walsh, Denis, Kerri Schuiling, and Soo Downe. "Looking Back and Looking Forward: The ICM Trienniel Meeting in Durban, South Africa, and Research Dedicated to Decreasing Maternal and Infant Morbidity and Mortality." International Journal of Childbirth 1, no. 3 (September 1, 2011): 142–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/2156-5287.1.3.142.

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17

Eugene M, Ikeanyi, Onyiriuka Alphonsus N, and IkeanyiRita Assumpta U. "Maternal-perinatal outcome in pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia: Looking at early and late onset disorders." Saudi Journal for Health Sciences 9, no. 3 (2020): 208. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/sjhs.sjhs_37_20.

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18

McPherson, Elizabeth, Ginger D. Thomas, Christopher Manlick, Christina A. Zaleski, Kara K. Reynolds, Kristen Rasmussen, Philip F. Giampietro, Carmen Wiley, and Maria Mascola. "Extreme Values of Maternal Serum Analytes in Second Trimester Screening: Looking Beyond Trisomy and NTD’s." Journal of Genetic Counseling 20, no. 4 (April 20, 2011): 396–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10897-011-9364-y.

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19

Yeni, Cut Meurah, and Riza Sufriadi. "Maternal Profile and Neonatal Outcomes of Pregnant Women Infected with HIV / AIDS in Banda Aceh on 2017-2019." Britain International of Exact Sciences (BIoEx) Journal 2, no. 2 (May 9, 2020): 500–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.33258/bioex.v2i2.226.

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This aims of the study is to find out Profile of Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes in Pregnant woman Infected by HIV/AIDS. This research is a descriptive study, looking at maternal characteristics and infant outcomes of pregnant women infected with HIV / AIDS in RSUDZA. Based on the author's research on maternal profile and neonatal outcomes in pregnant women infected with HIV / AIDS in Banda Aceh, there were 14 cases during 2017-2019. There were 1 babies born with low birth weight, 1 stillbirth, 10 out of 14 vigorous babies, 10 cesarean births, 3 preterm births and 8 patients with no known CD4 + status.
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20

Boak, Sarah. "Mother revolution: representations of the maternal body in the work of Tori Amos." Popular Music 34, no. 2 (April 30, 2015): 296–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026114301500029x.

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AbstractThe pregnant or maternal body is conspicuously absent within popular music. The dominant representation of female bodies – sonically, visually and spatially conceived – is that of a sexualised body, available to men and existing under the male gaze. The figure of the pregnant, maternal or motherly body is marked as Other – not desirable and therefore not marketable. Looking at the work of Tori Amos, I demonstrate how she makes the maternal body both audible and visible through a number of musical and extra-musical strategies. Theorising the maternal body in a series of overlapping stages – from the pregnant body to the maternal body, through liminal stages such as miscarriage and birthing – I highlight how Amos uses the figure of the maternal body not only to challenge dominant tropes of sexuality, but to create an embodied space where normative conceptions of ‘mother’ and ‘mothering’ can be troubled.
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21

Zeedyk, Sasha M., and Jan Blacher. "Longitudinal Correlates of Maternal Depression Among Mothers of Children With or Without Intellectual Disability." American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities 122, no. 5 (September 1, 2017): 374–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1352/1944-7558-122.5.374.

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Abstract This study identified trajectories of depressive symptoms among mothers of children with or without intellectual disability longitudinally across eight time points. Results of fitting a linear growth model to the data from child ages 3–9 indicated that child behavior problems, negative financial impact, and low dispositional optimism all significantly related to initial maternal depressive symptoms. Child behavior problems were significantly associated with changes in depressive symptoms over time, relating above and beyond child disability status. When looking from late childhood into early adolescence, hierarchical linear regression analysis revealed that maternal depressive symptoms at child age 9 and perceived financial impact significantly related to maternal depressive symptoms at child age 13. Implications for practice and future research directions are discussed.
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22

DeRoo, Lisa A. "Hypertensive Disorders in Pregnancy and Future Maternal Cardiovascular Disease: The Challenges of Looking Beyond First Pregnancy." Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology 31, no. 5 (September 2017): 422–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ppe.12398.

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23

Malcolm, Janine. "Through the looking glass: gestational diabetes as a predictor of maternal and offspring long-term health." Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews 28, no. 4 (May 2012): 307–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dmrr.2275.

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24

Merced-Nieves, Francheska M., Kelsey L. C. Dzwilewski, Andrea Aguiar, Salma Musaad, Susan A. Korrick, and Susan L. Schantz. "Associations of Prenatal Exposure to Phthalates with Measures of Cognition in 4.5-Month-Old Infants." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 4 (February 13, 2021): 1838. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041838.

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The association of prenatal phthalate exposure with physical reasoning was assessed in 159 (78 female; 81 male) 4.5-month-old infants from a prospective cohort. Phthalate metabolites were quantified in urine from 16–18 gestational weeks and a pool of five urines from across pregnancy. Infants’ looking times to physically impossible and possible events were recorded via infrared eye-tracking. Infants that recognize that one of the events is impossible will look at that event longer. Associations of phthalate biomarkers with looking time differences (impossible–possible) were adjusted for maternal age, infant sex, and order of event presentation, and effect modification by infant sex was assessed. Each interquartile range (IQR) increase of monoethyl phthalate in the pooled sample was associated with females’ increased looking time (β = 1.0; 95%CI = 0.3, 1.7 s) to the impossible event. However, for males, an IQR increase in monoethyl phthalate at 16–18 weeks (β = −2.5; 95%CI = −4.4,−0.6 s), the sum of di(isononyl) phthalate metabolites in the pooled sample (β = −1.0; 95%CI = −1.8, −0.1 s), and the sum of all phthalate metabolites in both samples (β = −2.3; 95%CI = −4.4, −0.2 s) were associated with increased looking to the possible event, suggesting that higher prenatal phthalate exposure is associated with poorer physical reasoning in male infants.
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25

Seidman, Samuel B., Sarah Danzo, Emily Patton, and Arin M. Connell. "Here's looking at you, kid? Maternal depression and adolescent attention to self- or other-directed emotional faces." Journal of Affective Disorders 272 (July 2020): 38–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.03.149.

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26

Côté, Anne Marie, and Nadine Sauvé. "The management challenges of non-preeclampsia-related nephrotic syndrome in pregnancy." Obstetric Medicine 4, no. 4 (July 26, 2011): 133–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/om.2011.110001.

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Nephrotic syndrome in a pregnant woman may be challenging, especially when the onset is early in pregnancy or with severe manifestations. Preeclampsia is the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in pregnancy; however, this review will focus on the management of other renal causes. The aim of this pragmatic review is to address clinical issues that clinicians looking after women with nephrotic syndrome may encounter during pregnancy and the postpartum period. First, we discuss some general issues regarding nephrotic syndrome and its impact on maternal and fetal outcomes in pregnancy, and then we review the maternal management of nephrotic syndrome in pregnancy and during the postpartum period.
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27

Khan, Nur Newaz. "Maternal and child health in Bangladesh: a critical look at the policy and the sustainable development goals." Asian Journal of Medical and Biological Research 3, no. 3 (November 28, 2017): 298–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ajmbr.v3i3.34517.

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Based on secondary analysis, this paper places a critical discussion looking back in history of maternal health achievements by Bangladesh, future adaptability and potentials forwarding to the sustainable development goals (SDGs) set by United Nations. Since the transition from MDGs to SDGs, Bangladesh achieved a many progress in maternal health development but still grappling with many structural and cultural barriers. Implementation of policy documents in community level, lack of better infrastructure, health bureaucracy induced delays, culture of absenteeism among practitioners and lack good health governance are some major challenges still hindering a fostered progress in achieving the expected improvement in maternal and child health condition in community and broader level. Evidences discussed in this paper suggests that, the clauses related to implementation and maintenance need to be stronger in the maternal health policy for future direction and sustainable progress in maternal health. The policy should act in practice, not as a document, to improve maternal health and reducing mortality that would finally speed up the progress in achieving SDGs target in more pragmatic sense.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. September 2017, 3(3): 298-304
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28

Khade, Shweta Avinash, and Amarjeet Kaur Bava. "Preterm premature rupture of membranes: maternal and perinatal outcome." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 7, no. 11 (October 25, 2018): 4499. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20184496.

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Background: This is an observational analytical study carried out in department of obstetrics and Gynecology, in a tertiary care center to determine the factors influencing fetal and maternal outcome, prognosis and complications in preterm premature rupture of membrane cases.Methods: The present study is a prospective observational study of perinatal and maternal outcome in 100 cases of preterm premature rupture of membranes in between 2837 weeks gestation with singleton pregnancy, from 1st March 2013 to 28th February 2014. Patients with medical complications like anemia, preexisting hypertension, diabetes, vascular or renal disease, multiple gestations, uterine or fetal anomalies etc. are excluded from the study. Detailed history, physical examinations were carried out and appropriate management instituted as per individual patients need.Results: In this study maternal morbidity was 16%. Perinatal morbidity was 33% and most common causes were hyperbilirubinemia (23%), RDS (21%). Perinatal mortality was seen in 15% and mainly due to RDS (53%). Twenty-five (25%) neonates were delivered by cesarean. The main indications for cesarean being malpresentation (36%) followed by fetal distress (24%).Conclusions: PPROM is one of the important causes of preterm birth that can result in high perinatal morbidity and mortality along with maternal morbidity. Looking after a premature infant puts immense burden on the family, economy and health care resources of the country. An understanding of gestational age dependent neonatal morbidity and mortality is important in determining the potential benefits of conservative management of preterm PROM at any gestation.
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29

van den Oord, Edwin J. C. G., and David C. Rowe. "A Step in Another Direction: Looking for Maternal Genetic and Environmental Effects on Racial Differences in Birth Weight." Demography 38, no. 4 (November 2001): 573. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3088321.

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30

Goodnight, William, and Christopher Robinson. "Society for Maternal Fetal Medicine 2015 Annual Pregnancy Meeting supplemental episode 2: Looking Ahead to the Scientific Program." American Journal of Perinatology 32, S 01 (January 2015): e2-e2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0035-1545079.

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31

John, Aesha, Amanda Sheffield Morris, and Amy L. Halliburton. "Looking beyond Maternal Sensitivity: Mother–Child Correlates of Attachment Security among Children with Intellectual Disabilities in Urban India." Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 42, no. 11 (February 28, 2012): 2335–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-012-1479-y.

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32

Oord, Edwin J. C. G. van den, and David C. Rowe. "A Step in Another Direction: Looking for Maternal Genetic and Environmental Effects on Racial Differences in Birth Weight." Demography 38, no. 4 (2001): 573–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/dem.2001.0040.

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33

Bentley, Dana Frantz. "Silenced Motherhood(s): Forbidden Motherings in the Early Childhood Classroom." Genealogy 4, no. 2 (March 31, 2020): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genealogy4020041.

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What is the role of mothering in the early childhood classroom? Given the focus of the field of “professionalization” and “scientific” practices, how might the role of maternal nurturance be woven into our understandings of pedagogies? This paper addresses the disempowerment experienced by an early childhood practitioner when maternal subjectivities and practices are framed as oppositional to the “professionalization” of the field. Through narrative research as a teacher-scholar, I explore my own experiences around my role as “not-mother” in the classroom, looking critically at the interwovenness of mothering and teaching in classroom relationships and communities. Through this narrative examination, I explore the role of maternal relationships in early childhood, in conversation with my practices of mothering as the teacher-not-mother. Through narrative inquiry and analysis, I attempt to make visible the forbidden subjectivities of the not-mother, and her centrality to meaningful early childhood pedagogy.
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34

Krol, Kathleen M., Mikhail Monakhov, Poh San Lai, Richard P. Ebstein, and Tobias Grossmann. "Genetic variation in CD38 and breastfeeding experience interact to impact infants’ attention to social eye cues." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 39 (September 14, 2015): E5434—E5442. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1506352112.

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Attending to emotional information conveyed by the eyes is an important social skill in humans. The current study examined this skill in early development by measuring attention to eyes while viewing emotional faces in 7-mo-old infants. In particular, we investigated individual differences in infant attention to eyes in the context of genetic variation (CD38 rs3796863 polymorphism) and experiential variation (exclusive breastfeeding duration) related to the oxytocin system. Our results revealed that, whereas infants at this age show a robust fear bias (increased attention to fearful eyes), their attention to angry and happy eyes varies as a function of exclusive breastfeeding experience and genetic variation in CD38. Specifically, extended exclusive breastfeeding duration selectively enhanced looking preference to happy eyes and decreased looking to angry eyes. Importantly, however, this interaction was impacted by CD38 variation, such that only the looking preferences of infants homozygous for the C allele of rs3796863 were affected by breastfeeding experience. This genotype has been associated with reduced release of oxytocin and higher rates of autism. In contrast, infants with the CA/AA genotype showed similar looking preferences regardless of breastfeeding exposure. Thus, differences in the sensitivity to emotional eyes may be linked to an interaction between the endogenous (CD38) and exogenous (breastfeeding) availability of oxytocin. These findings underline the importance of maternal care and the oxytocin system in contributing to the early development of responding to social eye cues.
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35

Kansara, Tejal N., Tushar M. Shah, and Foram R. Lalcheta. "A study of maternal mortality due to non-obstetric causes." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 8, no. 5 (April 29, 2019): 2027. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20191961.

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Background: Pregnancy, although being considered a physiological state, carries the risk of serious maternal morbidity and at times mortality, due to various complications that may arise during pregnancy, labour or thereafter. The existing medical condition, infection, and surgical condition which is collectively called as non- obstetric cause pre disposes a women for more complication than a non-pregnant women, so much so that it can lead to maternal mortality. Thus, Pregnancy is more vulnerable state and present study was carried out to study, analyse and review various non-obstetrics causes of death of women during pregnancy or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy in Tertiary care centre.Methods: This was an Observational study, conducted in the department of obstetrics and gynaecology, at a tertiary care hospital attached with medical college, from October 2016 to October 2018. The details of maternal deaths were collected from various departments with non- obstetric causes and analyzed.Results: The total number of deliveries in my study period was 15,208. There were 197 maternal mortality in our study period, of which 51 women died of non-obstetric causes. The most common cause of maternal mortality in our study was hepatic cause i.e. 33.33% amongst which viral hepatitis was the most common cause followed by respiratory (19.60%), infectious (15.18%), heamoglobinopathy (13.72%), cardiac (5.88%), neurological (5.88%), surgical (5.88%) causes.Conclusions: Looking into our study, maternal mortality can be reduced by identifying various different indirect medical causes which are preventable by proper pre-pregnancy evaluation for pre-existing comorbid conditions.
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Modi, Anjali, Silky Modi, JK Kosambiya, VB Shah, and Sangeeta Trivedi. "Looking beyond prevention of parent to child transmission: Impact of maternal factors on growth of HIV-exposed uninfected infant." Indian Journal of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and AIDS 35, no. 2 (2014): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0253-7184.142404.

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Indarti, Junita, Affan Solihin, Arresta V. Suastika, Dyah P. Wardhani, Muhammad T. Ramadhani, Quamila F. Afdi, Syifa M. Syafitri, Muhammad Ikhsan, and Kristian Alda. "Three-Delay Model on Maternal Mortality Cases in Tertiary Referral Hospital in Indonesia." eJournal Kedokteran Indonesia 9, no. 2 (September 1, 2021): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.23886/ejki.9.60.99.

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Maternal mortality remains a worldwide concern to this day. Three main causes of maternal mortality during 2010–2013 were hemorrhage, hypertension, and infection, which all of them are the direct causes. The high MMR is also due to the presence of 3 delay which is Delay in seeking assistance (type–1), delay in identifying and accessing medical center (type–2) and delay in having prompt treatment (type–3) . Therefore, this study aims to describe maternal mortality cases in tertiary hospital which is Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital (CMH) so that the root of problems in maternal deaths can be discovered and improvements can be done in the future. This was a descriptive study conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at CMH, Jakarta. Data collection was taken from 2016 – 2018 where subjects were taken from secondary data on maternal mortality. Based on the data that has been collected in CMH total live births in Emergency Department CMH during 2016-2018 which was 4.226 cases. There was 22 maternal death cases (0.52%). Most deaths were occurred in 2017 (50% of all cases). Indirect causes of maternal mortality were the leading cause in this study, including septic shock, hypovolemic shock due to Dengue Shock Syndrome, cardiogenic shock, and acute respiratory failure. Three delay models were three main factors contributing to maternal mortality interrelated and influenced by other factors with delay in looking for assistance and treatment (31,8%) was the upmost factor of maternal mortality. More than half maternal deaths in CMH during 2016 – 2018 caused by indirect causes. Among three delay models, delay in looking for assistance and treatment was the upmost factor of maternal mortality. Keywords: maternal mortality, three-delay model. Tiga Model Keterlambatan pada Kasus Kematian Ibu di Rumah Sakit Tersier di Indonesia Kematian ibu masih menjadi perhatian dunia hingga saat ini. Tiga penyebab utama angka kematian ibu (AKI) selama 2010-2013 adalah perdarahan, hipertensi, dan infeksi, yang semuanya merupakan penyebab langsung. Tingginya AKI juga disebabkan oleh adanya 3 keterlambatan yaitu keterlambatan dalam mencari pertolongan, keterlambatan dalam mengidentifikasi dan mengakses pusat kesehatan, dan keterlambatan dalam mendapatkan pengobatan yang tepat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kasus kematian ibu di rumah sakit tersier yaitu Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo (RSCM) sehingga akar permasalahan kematian ibu dapat ditemukan dan dapat dilakukan perbaikan di masa yang akan datang. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif yang dilakukan di Bagian Obstetri dan Ginekologi RSCM, Jakarta. Pengambilan data diambil dari tahun 2016 – 2018, subjek diambil dari data sekunder kematian ibu. Berdasarkan data yang terkumpul di RSCM jumlah kelahiran hidup di Instalasi Gawat Darurat RSCM selama tahun 2016-2018 sebanyak 4.226 kasus. Terdapat 22 kasus kematian ibu (0,52%). Kematian terbanyak terjadi pada tahun 2017 (50% dari seluruh kasus). Penyebab tidak langsung kematian ibu merupakan penyebab utama dalam penelitian ini, antara lain syok septik, syok hipovolemik akibat dengue shock syndrome, syok kardiogenik, dan gagal napas akut. Tiga model keterlambatan merupakan tiga faktor utama penyebab kematian ibu yang saling berkaitan dan dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain dengan keterlambatan mencari pertolongan dan pengobatan (31,8%) merupakan faktor penyebab kematian ibu yang paling tinggi. Lebih dari separuh kematian ibu di RSCM selama tahun 2016 – 2018 disebabkan oleh penyebab tidak langsung. Di antara tiga model keterlambatan, keterlambatan dalam mencari bantuan dan pengobatan merupakan faktor utama kematian ibu. Kata kunci: kematian maternal, model tiga terlambat.
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Istafa, Mabda Novalia, Ferry Efendi, and Erna Dwi Wahyuni. "Maternal Healthcare Utilization among Mothers Aged 15-24 Years in Indonesia: a Literature Review." Indonesian Journal of Community Health Nursing 6, no. 1 (April 1, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/ijchn.v6i1.17754.

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Introduction: The use of health care services in mothers was a very important concern in developing countries because it was very beneficial in terms of declining maternal mortality rate, but the use of maternal health services in mothers aged 15-24 years In Indonesia was still not maximized. The purpose of this review was to analyze best practices in the use of maternal health services in mothers aged 15-24 years.Method: The systematic review of this search was done by the publication range was five years ago. Article criteria were articles reviewed by Bestari Partners, government documents and research locations in developing countries. Acquired 10 references that meet predefined criteria.Results: The analysis obtained was the use of maternal health services in mothers aged 15-24 years needs to be increased by looking at the factors that influence among them were seeing from the socio-demography of mothers and husbands, household factors, access to health services and regional factors.Conclusion: These recommendations are aimed at governments, health professionals and families that efforts to increase not only can be done by a single community line, but the whole must also be able to cooperate by the role in the efforts to increase the use of Health care services.
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Hampson, June, and Katherine Nelson. "The relation of maternal language to variation in rate and style of language acquisition." Journal of Child Language 20, no. 2 (June 1993): 313–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000900008308.

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ABSTRACTThe main thrust of this paper is to question whether in earlier studies the ‘motherese hypothesis’ has been adequately tested. The present study first explores concurrent relations between maternal and child language at an early age, using the Soyder, Bates & Bretherton (1981) questionnaire to assess vocabulary at 1;1. With a large sample of 45 subjects, videotaped at 1;1 and 1;8, it was possible to analyse earlier talkers separately from later talkers. The results indicate pre-existing differences between the mothers of earlier and later talkers as early as 1;1 – some 5 months before other studies have examined the possible facilitative effects of ‘motherese’. Secondly, and perhaps more importantly, when the sample was divided according to stylistic preference at 1;8, several associations between maternal language at 1;1 and MLU at 1;8 emerged for the non-expressive group which were non-existent for the expressive group. These results imply that earlier studies may have been looking for the effectiveness of maternal input too late. Moreover, it may continue to be difficult to demonstrate consistent effects of child-directed speech as long as researchers continue to ignore individual differences in style of language acquisition.
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Desai, Gayatri S., Koustav Ghosh, and Sunita V. Pandya. "Prevalence and associated risk factors of reproductive morbidity in Gujarat: evidences from National family health survey-IV." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 9, no. 6 (May 27, 2022): 2493. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20221525.

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Background: Every year 50 million women are affected by maternal morbidity and for at least 18 million of them these morbidities become long-term and are often debilitating. To reduce the maternal mortality ratio, as per the target 3.1 of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), India needs to continue strengthening its efforts for improving maternal health. The study aims to find out the prevalence and associated risk factors of reproductive morbidity in Gujarat.Methods: The present study has utilised National family health survey-4 (2015-16) data. The survey provides information related to reproductive morbidity including maternal morbidity. Bivariate analysis with Chi-square test and logistic regression has been utilised to show the prevalence and risk factors of reproductive morbidity in Gujarat. Results: Prevalence of reproductive morbidity during pregnancy is 58.1 percent. The morbidity was the highest during delivery (39.44%) and lowest in post-delivery period (12.97%). Looking to the risk factors, education, women’s autonomy and experience of IPV were found to be significant predictors of such a morbidity. Conclusions: Targeted measures directed to check violence against women can help in reducing reproductive morbidities among women in Gujarat. This can ultimately lead to reduction in maternal mortality level as targeted under SDG.
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Gomes, Jéssica Rodrigues, Suélen Henriques Da Cruz, Andreas Bauer, Adriane Xavier Arteche, and Joseph Murray. "Maternal Communication with Preschool Children about Morality: A Coding Scheme for a Book-Sharing Task." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 18 (September 14, 2022): 11561. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191811561.

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Background: Preventing interpersonal violence requires understanding the moral development and determinants of child aggression. Communication about moral values and concerns by parents is theoretically important in this process. We aimed to develop a coding system to measure mothers’ communication about morality with young children and test its psychometric properties. Method: The cross-sectional study included a subsample (n = 200) of mothers and their four-year-old children in a population-based Brazilian birth cohort. Mothers and children were filmed while looking at a picture book together, containing events of aggression, taking away without asking, and several prosocial behaviours. Films were transcribed and a coding system, including 17 items, was developed to measure the maternal moral judgements and the explanations communicated to their children. Inter-rater reliability was estimated, and exploratory factor analysis performed. Results: Mothers judged acts of physical aggression as wrong more frequently than taking away material goods without asking; most mothers communicated about the emotional consequences of wrong behaviour with their child. Two latent factors of moral communication were identified, interpersonal moral concern and the expression of material moral concern. There was excellent inter-rater reliability between the two coders. Conclusions: Parent–child book-sharing provides a means to measure maternal communication about morality with their children. The coding system of this study measures both communication about interpersonal moral concern and material moral concern. Further studies with larger samples are suggested to investigate the importance of these dimensions of caregiver moral communication for children’s moral development.
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Seet, Meei Jiun, Sohinee Bhattacharya, and Ashalatha Shetty. "Maternal and Perinatal Outcomes in women with Hepatitis B Carrier State." Women Health Care and Issues 2, no. 1 (March 22, 2019): 01–04. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2642-9756/005.

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Introduction Hepatitis B is the most common form of viral hepatitis. Much has been done for the prevention of Hepatitis B transmission from mother to child. However, there is still very limited evidence looking at maternal obstetrics and perinatal outcomes, such as gestational diabetes, antepartum haemorrhage and preterm labour, hypertensive disorders in pregnancy and small for gestational age, with Hepatitis B infected women. These adverse pregnancy outcomes, if significant, may affect future antenatal care and have a negative impact on public health. This study aims to determine the association between these adverse pregnancy and neonatal outcomes with maternal Hepatitis B carrier state. Methods This is a retrospective cohort study comparing adverse pregnancy and neonatal outcomes in primigravid women who delivered singleton babies after 24 completed weeks of gestation and are carrier for Hepatitis B virus with those who are non-carrier for Hepatitis B virus, between 1992 and 2013 in Aberdeen Maternity Hospital. The adverse pregnancy and neonatal outcomes studied include hypertensive disorders in pregnancy, antepartum haemorrhage, preterm birth <37 weeks, induction of labour, caesarean delivery, low birth weight and admission to neonatal unit. Data was extracted from the Aberdeen Maternity and Neonatal Databank (AMND), which was established in 1950 to record all pregnancy-related events occurring in Aberdeen city and district in the northeast of Scotland. Statistical analysis was done with SPSS version 21 using independent samples t-test for normally distributed continuous variables and chi-squared test for categorical variables. Multivariate logistic regression analysis using a multilevel random effects regression model was also conducted to adjust for confounding factors. Results The data set contained a sample size of 35116 primigravid women with singleton pregnancies, with 59 being carrier for Hepatitis B virus (represented by positive HBsAg status). HBsAg-positive women had significantly lower mean Body Mass Index and were more likely to be from the manual social class (registrar general’s occupation-based social class). On unadjusted analysis, there were no significant differences in the prevalence of all maternal and perinatal outcomes in both groups. However, after adjusting for confounding factors, HBsAg-positive women were more likely to have smaller babies (aOR 4.28; 95% CI 1.57-11.66). Conclusion Our study suggested higher frequencies of low birth weight babies in women with hepatitis B infection. We found no statistically significant differences in other adverse pregnancy and perinatal outcomes. As current evidence still shows inconsistent results, further research evaluating the possible effects of Hepatitis B viraemia on pregnancy outcomes is justified.
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Suttora, Chiara, Nicoletta Salerni, Paola Zanchi, Laura Zampini, Maria Spinelli, and Mirco Fasolo. "Relationships between structural and acoustic properties of maternal talk and children’s early word recognition." First Language 37, no. 6 (June 21, 2017): 612–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0142723717714946.

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This study aimed to investigate specific associations between structural and acoustic characteristics of infant-directed (ID) speech and word recognition. Thirty Italian-acquiring children and their mothers were tested when the children were 1;3. Children’s word recognition was measured with the looking-while-listening task. Maternal ID speech was recorded during a mother–child interaction session and analyzed in terms of amount of speech, lexical and syntactic complexity, positional salience of nouns and verbs, high pitch and variation, and temporal characteristics. The analyses revealed that final syllable length positively predicts children’s accuracy in word recognition whereas the use of verbs in the utterance-final position has an adverse effect on children’s performance. Several of the expected associations between ID speech features and children’s word recognition skills, however, were not significant. Taken together, these findings suggest that only specific structural and acoustic properties of ID speech can facilitate word recognition in children, thereby fostering their ability to extrapolate sound patterns from the stream and map them with their referents.
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Aulia Rahma Oktaviya, Gatut Hardianto, Budi Utomo, and Ivon Diah Wittiarika. "DOES BREASTFEEDING OR NOT AFFECT A BETTER MATERNAL QUALITY OF LIFE? : LITERATURE REVIEW." SEAJOM: The Southeast Asia Journal of Midwifery 6, no. 2 (November 26, 2020): 68–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.36749/seajom.v6i2.126.

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Quality of life is important to achieve the best performance of mothers. Maternal quality of life is usually measured by WHOQOL-BREF standards (quality of life of the World Health Organization-BREF), SF-36 (Short-36), or MGI (Mother Generated Index). One factor that affects the maternal quality of life is breastfeeding. The practice of breastfeeding is the mother who is breastfeeding (giving only breast milk) and the mother who is not breastfeeding (with formula milk) as well as seeing the length of breastfeeding time for less than 6 months or more than 6 months. This literature review has research question with PICO standard to get the aim about the correlation between the practice of breastfeeding and maternal quality of life. 466 literatures were obtained from the SCOPUS, Proquest, Google Scholar, PubMed and EBSCOhost databases. Literature screening is done by looking at the inclusion and exclusion criteria that have been set so that 10 literatures will be reviewed. Most of the literature reports that mothers who breastfeed and continue to breastfeed even though only a month has a better quality of life than mothers who did not breastfeed. One study said that breastfeeding causes a decrease in the maternal quality of life, as well as several other studies that found no significant correlation between breastfeeding practices and maternal quality of life. This result can be used as a reference for the health policy to promote breastfeeding and quality of life.
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Hallett, Lady Justice. "Being a Judge in the Modern World." Israel Law Review 48, no. 3 (September 28, 2015): 387–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021223715000151.

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It is a pleasure and an honour to have been invited to give this year's Lionel Cohen lecture, especially looking at the cast list of my predecessors. It has been a particular pleasure for me to return to Israel after nearly 50 years and to bring my husband to visit the grave of his maternal grandfather, who died in 1917 on the Gaza Strip. This was before my mother-in-law was born so it was something of a poignant moment for my husband, and I am extremely grateful to those who made it possible.
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Rees, Gail, Louise Brough, Gustavo Moya Orsatti, Anna Lodge, and Steven Walker. "Do Micronutrient and Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplements Affect Human Maternal Immunity during Pregnancy? A Scoping Review." Nutrients 14, no. 2 (January 15, 2022): 367. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14020367.

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Maternal dietary micronutrients and omega-3 fatty acids support development of the fetal and neonatal immune system. Whether supplementation is similarly beneficial for the mother during gestation has received limited attention. A scoping review of human trials was conducted looking for evidence of biochemical, genomic, and clinical effects of supplementation on the maternal immune system. The authors explored the literature on PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases from 2010 to the present day using PRISMA-ScR methodology. Full-length human trials in English were searched for using general terms and vitamin A, B12, C, D, and E; choline; iodine; iron; selenium; zinc; and docosahexaenoic/eicosapentaenoic acid. Of 1391 unique articles, 36 were eligible for inclusion. Diverse biochemical and epigenomic effects of supplementation were identified that may influence innate and adaptive immunity. Possible clinical benefits were encountered in malaria, HIV infections, anemia, Type 1 diabetes mellitus, and preventing preterm delivery. Only limited publications were identified that directly explored maternal immunity in pregnancy and the effects of micronutrients. None provided a holistic perspective. It is concluded that supplementation may influence biochemical aspects of the maternal immune response and some clinical outcomes, but the evidence from this review is not sufficient to justify changes to current guidelines.
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Ahmadu, Baba Usman. "Looking at maternal inequalities (socioeconomic class, age and human immunodeficiency virus status) to predict well-being of neonates during infancy." Health 05, no. 08 (2013): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/health.2013.58a4001.

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Orr, Teri J., and Virginia Hayssen. "The Female Snark Is Still a Boojum: Looking toward the Future of Studying Female Reproductive Biology." Integrative and Comparative Biology 60, no. 3 (July 23, 2020): 782–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icb/icaa091.

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Synopsis Philosophical truths are hidden in Lewis Carroll’s nonsense poems, such as “The hunting of the snark.” When the poem is used as a scientific allegory, a snark stands for the pursuit of scientific truth, while a boojum is a spurious discovery. In the study of female biology, boojums have been the result of the use of cultural stereotypes to frame hypotheses and methodologies. Although female reproduction is key for the continuation of sexually reproducing species, not only have females been understudied in many regards, but also data have commonly been interpreted in the context of now-outdated social mores. Spurious discoveries, boojums, are the result. In this article, we highlight specific gaps in our knowledge of female reproductive biology and provide a jumping-off point for future research. We discuss the promise of emerging methodologies (e.g., micro-CT scanning, high-throughput sequencing, proteomics, big-data analysis, CRISPR-Cas9, and viral vector technology) that can yield insights into previously cryptic processes and features. For example, in mice, deoxyribonucleic acid sequencing via chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing is already unveiling how epigenetics lead to sex differences in brain development. Similarly, new explorations, including microbiome research, are rapidly debunking dogmas such as the notion of the “sterile womb.” Finally, we highlight how understanding female reproductive biology is well suited to the National Science Foundation’s big idea, “Predicting Rules of Life.” Studies of female reproductive biology will enable scholars to (1) traverse levels of biological organization from reproductive proteins at the molecular level, through anatomical details of the ovum and female reproductive tract, into physiological aspects of whole-organism performance, leading to behaviors associated with mating and maternal care, and eventually reaching population structure and ecology; (2) discover generalizable rules such as the co-evolution of maternal-offspring phenotypes in gestation and lactation; and (3) predict the impacts of changes to reproductive timing when the reliability of environmental cues becomes unpredictable. Studies in these key areas relative to female reproduction are sure to further our understanding across a range of diverse taxa.
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Larner, Lisa, and Claire Hooks. "Against the grain: midwives' experiences of facilitating home birth outside of guidelines." British Journal of Midwifery 28, no. 6 (June 2, 2020): 370–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjom.2020.28.6.370.

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Background Midwifery standards promote autonomous decision-making and informed choice, resulting in maternal home birth choices which may contravene guidelines. There is a paucity of evidence exploring midwives' experiences of managing these choices. Aims To explore the lived experiences of midwives facilitating home birth outside of guidelines. Methods A qualitative design using an interpretive hermeneutic cycle to analyse semi-structured interviews. Findings Participants reported confidence in supporting maternal choices, identifying barriers including other birth supporters. Perceived levels of risk, previous experience and safety concerns impacted on confidence. Peer, unit and professional midwifery advocate (PMA) support were identified as being beneficial to midwives. Recommendations Expansion of birth choices clinics; implementation of dedicated home birth teams; guideline review for midwife led birthing units; expansion of the PMA role; implementation of a structured debriefing service and further research looking at women's choices, and the impact of the loss of midwifery supervision.
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GOODWIN, ANTHONY, DEBORAH FEIN, and LETITIA NAIGLES. "The role of maternal input in the development of wh-question comprehension in autism and typical development." Journal of Child Language 42, no. 1 (January 24, 2014): 32–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000913000524.

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ABSTRACTSocial deficits have been implicated in the language delays and deficits of children with autism (ASD); thus, the extent to which these children use language input in social contexts similarly to typically developing (TD) children is unknown. The current study investigated how caregiver input influenced the development of wh-question comprehension in TD children and language-matched preschoolers with ASD. Children were visited at four-month intervals over 1.5 years; mother–child play sessions at visits 1–2 were coded for maternal wh-question use. At visits 3–5 children watched videos in the Intermodal Preferential Looking paradigm, to assess their comprehension of subject and object wh-questions. Mothers' use of wh-questions with verbs and complex wh-questions positively predicted wh-question comprehension in the TD group; in contrast, mothers' use of wh-questions with ‘be’ as the main verb negatively predicted wh-question comprehension in the ASD group. Thus, TD children and children with ASD appear to use their linguistic input differently.
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