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Journal articles on the topic 'Maternal grief of separation'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 20 February 2023

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1

Minson, Shona. "Direct harms and social consequences: An analysis of the impact of maternal imprisonment on dependent children in England and Wales." Criminology & Criminal Justice 19, no. 5 (August 23, 2018): 519–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1748895818794790.

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This article draws upon research with children whose mothers were imprisoned in England and Wales, to investigate the impacts of maternal imprisonment on dependent children. The research directly engaged with children, in accordance with Article 12 of the UNCRC 1989, and is set within an examination of the differentiated treatment in the family and criminal courts of England and Wales of children facing state initiated separation from a parent. The article explores children’s ‘confounding grief’ and contends that this grief originates from social processes, experienced as a consequence of maternal imprisonment. ‘Secondary prisonization’ is characterized by changes in home and caregiver and the regulation of the mother and child relationship. ‘Secondary stigmatization’ occurs when children are stigmatized by virtue of their relationship with their mother. These harms to children call into question the state’s fulfilment of its duty to protect children under Article 2 of the UNCRC 1989.

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2

Wellisch, David K., and Marie M. Cohen. "The special case of complicated grief in women at high risk for breast cancer." Palliative and Supportive Care 8, no. 1 (February 18, 2010): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1478951509990654.

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AbstractObjective:Exploration of complicated grief focusing on the relationship of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and complicated grief in a population of women at high risk for developing breast cancer. Special reference is made to women who have experienced a material death.Method:We reflected on the clinical attributes of the Revlon UCLA High Risk Clinic population in terms of their own perceived risk of developing breast cancer. For part of our population, their perceived risk was coupled with their reactions to the loss of their mothers to breast cancer. We compared and contrasted this pattern of reactions to those described by Licihtenthal et al. (2004) in their developmental review of complicated grief as a distinct disorder.Results:We concluded that our population of women differed from Lichtenthal et al.'s (2004) model for complicated grief. Lichtenthal's group postulated that the key element of complicated grief involves the protracted nature of separation anxiety and distress and excludes PTSD. In our populations, the daughter with complicated grief experiences a combination of separation anxiety and a type of PTSD involving anxiety over the perceived certainty of her own future diagnosis of breast cancer. It was noteworthy that Lichtenthal's model population was composed of individuals caring for terminally ill spouses. Significantly, the spousal caretakers did not have an ongoing genetic link to their partners whereas our population is genetically linked. We postulate that this accounts for the unique presentation of complicated grief and PTSD in our population.Significance of results:We submit that this combination of complicated grief and PTSD requires a cognitive reframing of thier perceived inevitability of developing breast cancer and desensitization techniques to help high risk women pursue preventative health care rather than avoiding it.

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3

Shoebridge, Philip, and Simon G. Gowers. "Parental high concern and adolescent-onset anorexia nervosa." British Journal of Psychiatry 176, no. 2 (February 2000): 132–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.176.2.132.

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BackgroundRobust evidence that anorexia nervosa is preceded rather than accompanied by high-concern (overprotective) parenting is limited.AimsTo look for evidence of parental high concern occurring before any onset of disorder.MethodForty consecutive referrals of adolescent girls with DSM – III – R anorexia nervosa were compared with matched controls using obstetric records and maternal interviews.ResultsIndex mothers reported higher rates of: near-exclusive child care (P=0.02), infant sleep difficulties (P=0.018), severe distress at first regular separation (P=0.048), high maternal trait anxiety levels (P=0.008) and later age for first sleeping away from home (P=0.009). More index families had experienced a severe obstetric loss prior to their daughter's birth (P=0.066).ConclusionsThis study lends evidence to the clinical contention that high-concern parenting in infancy is associated with the later development of anorexia nervosa. This may derive, in part, from aspects of unresolved grief.

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Rodrigues, Larissa, Daniela Danttas Lima, Juliana Vasconcelos Freitas de Jesus, Gabriel Lavorato Neto, Egberto Ribeiro Turato, and Claudinei José Gomes Campos. "Understanding bereavement experiences of mothers facing the loss of newborn infants." Revista Brasileira de Saúde Materno Infantil 20, no. 1 (March 2020): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1806-93042020000100005.

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Abstract Objective: to understand mothers' bereavement experiences regarding the loss of their newborn child in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of a Brazilian university hospital. Methods: the study was designed by the clinical-qualitative method to understand the meaning of the emerging relationships of health scenarios. Sample consisted of six mothers. The sufficiency of the sample was verified through the saturation of the data. The data collection instrument was a semistructured interview with script of open questions, the collected material was recorded and transcribed in full. Thematic analysis was performed by two independent authors. Results: feelings and perceptions of the grieving process gave rise to three categories: 1. Guilt and fantasy of bereavement related to the death and grief for their children; 2. Relationships and ambiguities - the relationship between internal concerns and perception of external relations; 3. Fear, disbelief, abandonment and loneliness - questions about perception of the external environment. Conclusions: mothers' bereavement experience is mainly permeated by loneliness and abandonment related to feelings of guilt for not being able to keep their children alive. The difficult and definitive separation in the postpartum period, caused by death, brings fantasies of reunion with their child. Women show the need to realize grief, especially by recognizing their baby's identity.

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5

McIlroy, Emily C. "One Half Living for Two: Cross-Cultural Paradigms of Twinship and Twin Loss." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 64, no. 1 (February 2012): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/om.64.1.a.

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Many indigenous African religions, specifically that of the Yoruba of Nigeria, the Bamana and Malinke of Mali, and the Nuer of southern Sudan, are characterized by a system of spiritual beliefs surrounding the life and death of twins. Separation by death poses an extreme threat to the soul(s) of twins, and many rituals and customs designed to sustain the spirit of surviving twins are widely practiced. Despite twin loss being overlooked in Western psychological studies of grief, recent research and in-depth interviews of bereaved twins clearly identifies the unique nature of losing a twin, and the importance of acknowledging this distinction in the surviving twin's ability to cope with the death. The spiritual practices of the Yoruba, Bamana, Malinke, and Nuer are conducive to dealing with the specific nature of twin loss. They take into account the uniqueness of the twinship experience, and provide material for reflection on healing approaches outside the traditional parameters of psychology.

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6

Panksepp, Jaak. "The emotional antecedents to the evolution of music and language." Musicae Scientiae 13, no. 2_suppl (September 2009): 229–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1029864909013002111.

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The emotional power of music may have strong linkages to the evolution of basic motor and emotional systems of the brain. Most movements have distinct rhythms and basic emotions are characterised by distinct affective sounds in all mammalian species, and these sounds may have been critically important pre-adaptations for the emergence of the melodic stream of music in humans. If so, the social emotions (playful joy, sadness, maternal care, sexual lust, and territorial/dominance imperatives) surely had more influence than the non-social, self-preservative emotions such as anger and fear, providing a substrate for harmony and discord. For instance, our capacity for separation-distress (substrate for primary-process sadness) may prepare the brain for chill-thrill reaction to aesthetic renditions of grief, providing one robust link to social-biologic foundations of music. Emotion mediating subcortical regions are robustly aroused in humans listening to especially moving musical selections such as those that provoke chills. Indeed, it is possible that the communicative intent integral to social emotional vocalizations, and gradual utilization and musical reutilization of such communications in group-activities, prepared the way for the emergence of linguistic competence within largely general-purpose association cortex. From this perspective, there may be no “music instinct” nor “language instinct” evolutionarily programmed into the higher reaches of the neocortex — our preeminent organ of cognitive intelligence — that is developmentally independent of our emotional urges. The evolutionary infrastructure for music may be largely subcortical, and the emergence of emotional proto-musical communications in our species (e.g., motherese) may have set the stage not only for the eventual discovery of music but also for the emergence of propositional language.

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7

Laakso, H., and M. Paunonen-Ilmonen. "Maternal grief." Primary Health Care Research and Development 3, no. 2 (April 1, 2002): 115–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/1463423602pc098oa.

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8

Barr, Peter, and Joanne Cacciatore. "Problematic Emotions and Maternal Grief." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 56, no. 4 (June 2008): 331–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/om.56.4.b.

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The study was an empirical examination of the relation of personality proneness to “problematic social emotions”—envy (Dispositional Envy Scale), jealousy (Interpersonal Jealousy Scale), and shame and guilt (Personal Feelings Questionnaire-2)—to maternal grief (Perinatal Grief Scale-33) following miscarriage, stillbirth, neonatal death, or infant/child death. The 441 women who participated in the study were enrolled from the Website, e-mail contact lists, and parent support groups of an organization that offers information and support to bereaved parents. All four problematic emotions were positively correlated with maternal grief. Envy, jealousy, and guilt made significant unique contributions to the variance in maternal grief. Overall, time lapse since the loss and the four problematic emotion predispositions explained 43% of the variance in maternal grief following child bereavement.

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9

Auerbach, Kathleen G. "Guilt, grief, and maternal regret." Journal of Human Lactation 1, no. 4 (March 1986): 70–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089033448600100401.

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10

Driscoll, Jeanne Watson. "Maternal parenthood and the grief process." Journal of Perinatal & Neonatal Nursing 4, no. 2 (September 1990): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005237-199009000-00003.

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11

Miller, Beverley. "Maternal-fetal attachment, loss and grief." British Journal of Midwifery 3, no. 1 (January 2, 1995): 16–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjom.1995.3.1.16.

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12

OSTFELD, BARBARA M., TARA RYAN, MARK HIATT, and THOMAS HEGYI. "Maternal Grief after Sudden Infant Death Syndrome." Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics 14, no. 3 (June 1993): 156???162. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004703-199306010-00005.

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13

Boon, Sonja. "Autobiography by Numbers; or, Embodying Maternal Grief." Life Writing 9, no. 2 (June 2012): 191–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14484528.2012.667362.

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14

Fitryani, Dyana Putry Christanti, Noorce Ch Berek, Dian Lestari Anakaka, and Indra Y. Kiling. "The Dynamics of Grief in Late Adolescence After Maternal Death in Terms of The Theory of Kübler-Ross." Journal of Health and Behavioral Science 3, no. 4 (December 16, 2021): 481–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.35508/jhbs.v3i4.4384.

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Adolescence is a developmental phase between childhood and adulthood. There are many experiences that teenagers get from the surrounding environment. These experiences are in the form of positive experiences or negative experiences that teenagers will receive in different ways. Individuals have different reactions to death events, including adolescents. The event of death can affect the development process, this is because death causes deep sorrow for adolescents. This study aims to examine the dynamics of late adolescent grief after maternal death in terms of the Kübler-Ross theory. According to Kübler-Ross, there are five stages that individuals have when experiencing grief, including denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance. Teenagers who experience maternal death will go through the five stages of grief from the Kübler-Ross. The results obtained are that some participants have not yet reached the acceptance stage because they still need time to accept the grief event that occurred. The discussion is expected to provide knowledge regarding the dynamics of late adolescent grief after maternal death in terms of the Kübler-Ross theory.

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15

Sorokina, Ekaterina Nikolaevna. "MATERNAL SEPARATION CRITERIA." European Journal of Education and Applied Psychology, no. 1-2 (2021): 39–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.29013/ejeap-21-1.2-40-51.

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16

Hock, Ellen, Susan McBride, and M. Therese Gnezda. "Maternal Separation Anxiety: Mother-Infant Separation from the Maternal Perspective." Child Development 60, no. 4 (August 1989): 793. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1131019.

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17

Walter, Tony. "Grief and the Separation of Home and Work." Death Studies 33, no. 5 (April 20, 2009): 402–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07481180902805616.

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18

Blandin, Kesstan, and Renee Pepin. "Dementia grief: A theoretical model of a unique grief experience." Dementia 16, no. 1 (July 27, 2016): 67–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1471301215581081.

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Previous literature reveals a high prevalence of grief in dementia caregivers before physical death of the person with dementia that is associated with stress, burden, and depression. To date, theoretical models and therapeutic interventions with grief in caregivers have not adequately considered the grief process, but instead have focused on grief as a symptom that manifests within the process of caregiving. The Dementia Grief Model explicates the unique process of pre-death grief in dementia caregivers. In this paper we introduce the Dementia Grief Model, describe the unique characteristics of dementia grief, and present the psychological states associated with the process of dementia grief. The model explicates an iterative grief process involving three states— separation, liminality, and re-emergence—each with a dynamic mechanism that facilitates or hinders movement through the dementia grief process. Finally, we offer potential applied research questions informed by the model.

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19

Peppers, Larry G. "Grief and Elective Abortion: Breaking the Emotional Bond?" OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 18, no. 1 (February 1988): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/pjet-58e4-e8e2-40ty.

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Does grief occur subsequent to elective abortion? This basic question is addressed using maternal-infant bonding as a basic theoretical framework. The temporal sequence of the three medical procedures: vacuum aspiration; dilitation and evacuation; and intrauterine induction, facilitated the testing of basic hypotheses deduced from bonding theory, as well as exploration of the grief reaction to the voluntary termination of a pregnancy. Grief associated with elective abortion was found to be symptomatically similar to grief experienced following involuntary fetal/infant loss, and may be initiated by the decision to terminate the pregnancy.

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20

Matthews, K. "PERIODIC NEONATAL MATERNAL SEPARATION." Behavioural Pharmacology 9, no. 1 (August 1998): S58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00008877-199808000-00125.

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Matthews, K. "PERIODIC NEONATAL MATERNAL SEPARATION." Behavioural Pharmacology 9, Supplement (August 1998): S58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00008877-199808001-00125.

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Matthews, K. "PERIODIC NEONATAL MATERNAL SEPARATION." Behavioural Pharmacology 9, no. 1 (August 1998): S58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00008877-199812001-00125.

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23

Silver, Catherine B. "Womb Envy: Loss and Grief of the Maternal Body." Psychoanalytic Review 94, no. 3 (June 2007): 409–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/prev.2007.94.3.409.

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24

Williams, Rhaisa Kameela. "Toward a Theorization of Black Maternal Grief as Analytic." Transforming Anthropology 24, no. 1 (April 2016): 17–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/traa.12057.

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25

Smith, Keverne. "Tangled Up in Grief: Bob Dylan's Songs of Separation." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 68, no. 3 (May 2014): 279–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/om.68.3.f.

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This article argues that much can be learned about the ways in which individuals grieve through a careful analysis of the presentation of loss in creative fiction, especially in terms of unconscious and uncensored responses presented indirectly through figurative language and structural patterns. It takes Bob Dylan's collection of songs about the anguish caused by lost love. Blood on the Tracks, as an example. An examination of the songs included in, and some rejected for, the album reveals developing responses to grief resulting from relationship breakdown, including the search for the absent one and for reconciliation; the intrusion of deep pain into everyday situations; the problem of infidelity and guilt; the attempt to reach a more detached perspective; the consequences of the pain becoming unbearable; and the attempt at a kind of closure. Taken together, the songs reveal how complex and contradictory responses to the agony of loss can be.

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Intan, Tania, and Sri Rijati Wardiani. "ISU KEDUKAAN DALAM METROPOP CRITICAL ELEVEN KARYA IKA NATASSA." tuahtalino 15, no. 1 (July 27, 2021): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.26499/tt.v15i1.2372.

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Grief is a condition of human emotion due to loss of something very valuable, which is caused for example by separation or death. This research was conducted to uncover the way in which grief is narrated in Ika Natassa's novel “Critical Eleven”. In addition, this article also studies the stages carried out by the protagonists to eliminate their grief due to the death of their son. The methodological approach used for this study is literary psychology, with a theoretical framework about The Five Stages of Grief from Kübler-Ross. The results showed that: textually, the grief narrative was revealed through actions, attitudes, thoughts, and utterances of characters. The protagonists, Anya and Ale also go through all stages of grief, namely: denying, angry, negotiating, depressed, and finally accepting that reality.

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Mendes, Aysha. "Good grief: supporting a resident through loss and bereavement." Nursing and Residential Care 22, no. 10 (October 2, 2020): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/nrec.2020.22.10.4.

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Unfortunately, grief is an emotion too commonly encountered in care homes in the current climate, whether resulting from the passing of others or prolonged separation from loved ones. Continuing her column on mental health in care homes, Aysha Mendes delves into the different experiences of grief and offers some effective coping strategies

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Unterhitzenberger, Johanna, and Rita Rosner. "Preliminary Evaluation of a Prolonged Grief Questionnaire for Adolescents." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 74, no. 1 (August 3, 2016): 80–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0030222815598046.

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Currently, there is no established measure to assess prolonged grief in adolescents. A new measure was designed based on the Extended Grief Inventory, the Inventory of Complicated Grief—Revised for Children, and the Inventory of Prolonged Grief for Children/Adolescents. We investigated the psychometric properties of the Prolonged Grief Questionnaire for Adolescents in a sample of 69 14- to 18-year-old parentally bereaved adolescents living in rural Rwanda. Additionally, we obtained sociodemographic information and assessed loss experiences and depressive symptoms. A principal component analysis revealed item loadings on two factors, which we named separation distress and secondary emotions. Internal consistency in this first evaluation was high (α = .94), and the criterion validity was satisfying. A sensitivity of 85.3% and a specificity of 85.9% were found. The small sample size is a major limitation. However, the Prolonged Grief Questionnaire for Adolescents may be a promising tool for assessing prolonged grief symptoms in adolescents.

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Caesar, Tiffany, Desireé Melonas, and Tara Jones. "Mothering Dead Bodies." Meridians 21, no. 2 (October 1, 2022): 512–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/15366936-9882174.

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Abstract Through the recounting of the narratives of two revolutionary Black mothers, Melissa Mckinnies and Yolanda McNair, this essay explores the ways in which Black mothers who have lost children to police violence have responded to Black maternal necropolitics and the ensuing historical legacy of Black maternal grief through political activism. It examines, through an engagement with global Black scholars through political theory, mothering theories, and depth psychology, how they manage to navigate maternal grief and loss into political action, thereby continuing their work of mothering and affirming the worth of their children’s lives, even when all that remains of their children are their dead bodies. In this way, the authors hope to highlight how Black mothers who embody revolutionary mothering through maternal activism enable them to imagine the possibility of an alternative future, one in which Black mothers are able to live happily with their children free from state-sanctioned violence targeting Black people.

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Kalmanofsky, Amy. "Maternal Grief in the Hebrew Bible by Ekaterina E. Kozlova." Catholic Biblical Quarterly 80, no. 4 (2019): 710–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cbq.2019.0014.

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McKay, Heather A. "Maternal Grief in the Hebrew Bible. By Ekaterina E. Kozlova." Journal of Theological Studies 70, no. 1 (January 12, 2019): 320–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jts/fly158.

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Hogan, Nancy S., J. William Worden, and Lee A. Schmidt. "An Empirical Study of the Proposed Complicated Grief Disorder Criteria." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 48, no. 3 (May 2004): 263–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/gx7h-h05n-a4dn-rlu9.

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Diagnostic criteria for complicated grief have been proposed as a pathological disorder for inclusion into the next edition of the DSM. However, to date, little empirical testing of the criteria to support or refute the diagnostic claims has been completed. Since the original criteria were developed based on work with widows and widowers, further testing with other bereft groups is needed before advancing complicated grief to a diagnosis worthy of inclusion in diagnostic systems. The present study was undertaken to empirically test the complicated grief disorder criteria. The basic criteria of the complicated grief disorder, formerly called traumatic grief, separation distress, and traumatic distress, were not isolated as distinct constructs in confirmatory factor analyses, and conceptualization as a unitary construct did not provide an adequate fit of the model to the data. Further analyses did not support the distinctness between complicated grief and depression, or complicated grief and normal grief. Based on these findings, both further investigation into the validity of complicated grief disorder as a diagnosis and verification of the validity of the diagnostic criteria is warranted before declaring this phenomenon appropriate for inclusion in diagnostic systems.

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Keefe-Cooperman, Kathleen. "A Comparison of Grief as Related to Miscarriage and Termination for Fetal Abnormality." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 50, no. 4 (June 2005): 281–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/qfdw-lgey-cylm-n4lw.

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This study proposed that maternal bereavement in women who experienced miscarriage and women who terminated for fetal abnormality would differ related to the existence of a grief reaction, and to identify the factors that differentiated the two groups. There were no significant grief differences between the miscarriage group and termination group. The groups were then combined to analyze within group factors. Six fixed variables were found to be related to vulnerability for a grief reaction. Factors included: time since the most recent loss; intervention of counseling; employment outside the home; feeling responsible for the perinatal loss; age of the mother as related to guilt; and gestational length of pregnancy.

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Beischel, Julie, Chad Mosher, and Mark Boccuzzi. "The Possible Effects on Bereavement of Assisted After-Death Communication during Readings with Psychic Mediums: A Continuing Bonds Perspective." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 70, no. 2 (December 2014): 169–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/om.70.2.b.

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Unresolved, complicated, prolonged, or traumatic grief can have detrimental effects on mental and/or physical health. The effects of traditional grief counseling, with its focus on the client's acceptance of separation and integration of loss, are unclear. Within the model of continuing bonds, however, grief resolution includes an ongoing relationship between the living and the deceased. Spontaneous and induced experiences of after-death communication (ADC) have been shown to be beneficial in the resolution of grief by demonstrating these continued bonds. Presently, many bereaved individuals are experiencing assisted ADCs by receiving readings from psychic mediums and though little is known about the effects of this selfprescribed treatment option, anecdotal reports and exploratory data posit a positive outcome. This article aims to inform those who work with the bereaved about the relationships between grief, spontaneous, induced, and assisted ADC experiences, and the continuing bonds paradigm. Suggestions for future research are also included.

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Prigerson, Holly G., M. Katherine Shear, Selby C. Jacobs, Charles F. Reynolds, Paul K. Maciejewski, Jonathan R. T. Davidson, Robert Rosenheck, et al. "Consensus criteria for traumatic grief." British Journal of Psychiatry 174, no. 1 (January 1999): 67–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.174.1.67.

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BackgroundStudies suggest that symptoms of traumatic grief constitute a distinct syndrome worthy of diagnosis.AimsA consensus conference aimed to develop and test a criteria set for traumatic grief.MethodThe expert panel proposed consensus criteria for traumatic grief. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analyses tested the performance of the proposed criteria on 306 widowed respondents at seven months post-loss.ResultsROC analyses indicated that three of four separation distress symptoms (e.g. yearning, searching, loneliness) had to be endorsed as at least ‘sometimes true’ and four of the final eight traumatic distress symptoms (e.g. numbness, disbelief, distrust, anger, sense of futility about the future) had to be endorsed as at least ‘mostly true’ to yield a sensitivity of 0.93 and a specificity of 0.93 for a diagnosis of traumatic grief.ConclusionsPreliminary analyses suggest the consensus criteria for traumatic grief have satisfactory operating characteristics, and point to directions for further refinement of the criteria set.

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Prigerson, Holly G., Lee Wolfson, M. Katherine Shear, Martica Hall, Andrew J. Bierhals, Dianna L. Zonarich, Paul A. Pilkonis, and Charles F. Reynolds. "Case Histories of Traumatic Grief." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 35, no. 1 (August 1997): 9–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/tdyg-mrb4-h5h8-hhr7.

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The symptoms of traumatic grief have been shown to be distinct from those of bereavement-related depression and anxiety among elderly widows and widowers, and bare striking resemblance to symptoms of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). In light of the findings demonstrating that traumatic grief is associated with a heightened risk of critical mental and physical health outcomes, it is important to understand the underlying mechanisms that may put bereaved individuals at risk of developing traumatic grief. Attachment theory offers an explanation for why loss of a stabilizing relationship might be traumatic for individuals who possess insecure or unstable attachments (e.g., excessive dependency, defensive separation, compulsive caregiving) and self-regulatory deficits (e.g., identity disturbances, difficulty with affect modulation). A model illustrating hypothesized causal linkages between childhood experiences, attachment and personality traits, dissolution of a stabilizing relationship, and traumatic symptomatology is proposed. Case histories of late-life pre- and post-loss traumatic grievers are presented and discussed in terms of their compatibility with the proposed model.

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Martinčeková, Lucia, and John Klatt. "Mothers’ Grief, Forgiveness, and Posttraumatic Growth After the Loss of a Child." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 75, no. 3 (May 31, 2016): 248–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0030222816652803.

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The aim of this study was to investigate maternal grief after losing a child in relation to forgiveness and posttraumatic growth. A sample of 60 grieving mothers from Slovakia completed the following battery: The Texas Revised Inventory of Grief, a modified version of the Enright Forgiveness Inventory, and the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory. The results showed a negative association between forgiveness and grief and a strong positive association between forgiveness and posttraumatic growth, which was not moderated by the time elapsed since the loss. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 12 mothers. The data were analyzed through Consensual Qualitative Research to gain deeper understanding of forgiveness and posttraumatic growth experiences after the loss of a child. Categories and subcategories are discussed.

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Singer, Jonathan, Kailey E. Roberts, Elisabeth McLean, Carol Fadalla, Taylor Coats, Madeline Rogers, Madeline K. Wilson, Kendra Godwin, and Wendy G. Lichtenthal. "An examination and proposed definitions of family members’ grief prior to the death of individuals with a life-limiting illness: A systematic review." Palliative Medicine 36, no. 4 (February 23, 2022): 581–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02692163221074540.

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Background: Research has extensively examined family members’ grief prior to the death of an individual with a life-limiting illness but several inconsistencies in its conceptualization of related constructs, yet significant conceptualization issues exist. Aim: This study aimed to identify and characterize studies published on family members grief before the death of an individual with a life-limiting illness, and propose definitions based on past studies in order to initiate conceptual clarity. Design: A mixed-method systematic review utilized six databases and was last conducted July 10, 2021. The search strategy was developed using Medical Subject Headings. This study was prospectively registered on PROSPERO (CRD42020166254). Results: One hundred thirty-four full-text articles met inclusion criteria. This review revealed across studies a wide variation in terminology, conceptualization, and characterization of grief before the death. More than 18 terms and 30 definitions have been used. In many cases, the same term (e.g. anticipatory grief) was defined differently across studies. Conclusions: We found grief occurring before the death of a person with a life-limiting illness, which we termed pre-death grief, is comprised of two distinct constructs: anticipatory grief and illness-related grief. Anticipatory grief is future-oriented and is characterized by separation distress and worry about a future without the person with the life-limiting illness being physically present. Illness-related grief is present-oriented and is characterized by grief over current and ongoing losses experienced during the illness trajectory. These definitions provide the field with uniform constructs to advance the study of grief before the death of an individual with a life-limiting illness.

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Engler, Arthur J., and Judith N. Lasker. "Predictors of Maternal Grief in the Year after a Newborn Death." Illness, Crisis & Loss 8, no. 3 (July 2000): 227–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/105413730000800302.

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Long, Mary Beth. "‘Woful womman, confortlees’: Failed maternity and maternal grief as feminist issues." postmedieval 10, no. 3 (September 2019): 326–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/s41280-019-00138-8.

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Walter, Tony, Rachid Hourizi, Wendy Moncur, and Stacey Pitsillides. "Does the Internet Change How We Die and Mourn? Overview and Analysis." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 64, no. 4 (June 2012): 275–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/om.64.4.a.

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The article outlines the issues that the internet presents to death studies. Part 1 describes a range of online practices that may affect dying, the funeral, grief and memorialization, inheritance and archaeology; it also summarizes the kinds of research that have been done in these fields. Part 2 argues that these new online practices have implications for, and may be illuminated by, key concepts in death studies: the sequestration (or separation from everyday life) of death and dying, disenfranchisement of grief, private grief, social death, illness and grief narratives, continuing bonds with the dead, and the presence of the dead in society. In particular, social network sites can bring dying and grieving out of both the private and public realms and into the everyday life of social networks beyond the immediate family, and provide an audience for once private communications with the dead.

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Goodkin, Karl, Diana Lee, Rebeca Molina, Wenli Zheng, Alicia Frasca, Sandra O'Mellan, Deshratn Asthana, Paul Shapshak, and Imad Khamis. "Complicated Bereavement: Disease State or State of Being?" OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 52, no. 1 (February 2006): 21–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/29hw-6knd-wfep-t9l0.

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The point at which the experience of grief in response to bereavement becomes “pathological” has been debated for many years without resolution. This article reviews the current status of this debate. The debate centers around the extent to which “complicated grief” represents a truly unique pathological entity, when contrasted with major depressive disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, and “uncomplicated grief.” Significant research findings suggest it may be possible to distinguish grief from depressed as well as traumatic forms of distress, with acceptable reliability and validity. Yet, “complicated grief” relates to both of these types of distress as well as to a unique aspect—separation distress. It is at the intersection of these types of distress with significant disruption of daily life functioning that we find the proposed diagnosis of “complicated grief.” The question is whether this diagnosis should be designated at this time, and, if so, how. This article concludes in favor of a compromise position that the diagnosis should be incorporated into DSM-V but relegated to its Appendix B [disorders proposed for further study] due to the lack of clarity surrounding its diagnostic criteria.

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Carver, Kellye S., Bert Hayslip, Angela Gilley, and Justin Watts. "Influences on Grief among Parentally Bereaved Adults." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 69, no. 2 (October 2014): 105–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/om.69.2.a.

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Although the parent-child relationship is significant throughout life, many changes occur as children grow, particularly during young adulthood. Parental loss and resulting grief during adulthood is likely influenced by many variables, including age, gender, relationship quality, and sex roles. In the present study, parentally bereaved adults completed measures assessing parental involvement, personal grief and adjustment, and sex role preferences. Analyses of covariance indicated that gender of the bereaved child was significant in predicting some aspects of grief, wherein females were more strongly impacted by the loss of a parent, irrespective of that parent's sex. However, the interaction of sex of parent and sex of child was also significant, suggesting that maternal loss may be particularly difficult for daughters. Results suggested that women may have a stronger emotional experience of grief and maintain closer bonds with a deceased mother. This may result from deeper emotional connections, feeling excluded by age peers, or vulnerability for rumination.

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Dartey, Anita Fafa, and Ellemes Phuma-Ngaiyaye. "Physical Effects of Maternal Deaths on Midwives’ Health: A Qualitative Approach." Journal of Pregnancy 2020 (April 1, 2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/2606798.

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Grief does not only affect human emotions but also impacts their physical health. Understanding physical grief of people can bring to bear the grip of its daunting nature, a situation where routines become challenging. A qualitative explorative descriptive research method was used. A purposive sample of 18 ward supervisors and 39 ward midwives was used to ascertain the physical effects of maternal deaths on these caregivers in the Ashanti Region of Ghana. Data were collected through semistructured and focus group discussions. Data analysis was done parallel with data collection till saturation was reached. Ethics was obtained from the University of the Western Cape, South Africa, and Ghana Health Service. The findings indicated that generally, as a result of grieving over the deaths of their patients, midwives experienced physical health sufferings. Therefore, reported depression is expressed as insomnia, appetite loss, exhaustion, and social isolation. There is the need to reduce the physical effects of patients’ death on caregivers in Ghana and therefore, the study recommends that all hospitals in Ghana utilize employee assistance programmes, a workplace intervention programme designed for such purposes.

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Rynearson, Edward K. "The Narrative Dynamics of Grief after Homicide." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 65, no. 3 (November 2012): 239–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/om.65.3.f.

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The homicidal death of a loved one is horrific. Dying from homicide can be more sudden, frightening, and stigmatizing than natural dying and may be followed by a sub-type of prolonged grief complicated by vivid narrative reenactment of the dying, intense feelings of remorse, and nihilistic despair. After a literature review of grief after homicide, the author clarifies the salient narrative themes of homicidal dying and their specific effects on trauma and separation distress. A preliminary model is then developed and illustrated in a therapy case outlining a technique (imaginative exposure) to diminish the disabling fixation of reenactment imagery, remorse, and despair.

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ACKERMAN, S. "Premature maternal separation and lymphocyte function." Brain, Behavior, and Immunity 2, no. 2 (June 1988): 161–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0889-1591(88)90016-5.

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Lee, Jung-hee, and Sae-Young Han. "Effects of Maternal Differentiation of Self, Maternal Separation Anxiety and Overprotective Parenting on Children’s Separation Anxiety." Korean Journal of Child Studies 40, no. 6 (December 31, 2019): 31–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5723/kjcs.2019.40.6.31.

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Williams, Dave. "Grief, loss, and separation: Experiences of birth children of foster carers." Child & Family Social Work 22, no. 4 (March 23, 2017): 1448–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cfs.12366.

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Rice, Cecil A., Anne Alonso, and J. Scott Rutan. "The Fights of Spring: Separation, individuation, and grief in training centers." Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training 22, no. 1 (1985): 97–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/h0088533.

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ZARZOSO, V., A. K. NANDI, and E. BACHARAKIS. "Maternal and foetal ECG separation using blind source separation methods." Mathematical Medicine and Biology 14, no. 3 (September 1, 1997): 207–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/imammb/14.3.207.

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