Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Maternal development'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Maternal development.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Maternal development.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Emmanuel, Elizabeth Noela. "Maternal role development: the influence of maternal distress following childbirth." Thesis, Lambert Publishing, 2005. https://www120.secure.griffith.edu.au/rch/items/5d031f29-35cc-ce62-a394-0b1055800da1/1/.
Full textAbstract:
Little is known about the relationship between maternal role development and maternal distress following childbirth. Initial work on maternal role development (MRD) was undertaken three decades ago, and despite many changes to maternity care delivery and to society more generally, the relevance of MRD to contemporary birthing women has not been assessed. MRD may be influenced by a number of factors. Of particular interest to this thesis is emotional distress. Maternal distress may manifest itself as depression and anxiety, but has not been well described in the literature. Feelings of distress may adversely affect women's adaptation to motherhood. This study therefore, aimed to examine MRD and the influence of maternal distress following childbirth.
A longitudinal prospective study with a cohort of 614 women was conducted and data collected at 36 weeks gestation and at six and 12 weeks following childbirth. MRD was measured using a revised standardised tool, the What Being the Parent of a Baby is Like (WPL-R) (Pridham & Chang, 1989). Maternal distress was measured using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) (Cox, Holden & Sagovsky, 1987) with a score of plus or minus 10.
Analysis confirmed significant changes in MRD subscale scores across time. The main difference was in self-perceptions of parenting (F (2, 390) = 25.2, p less than .001) accounting for 11.4% of variance. Changes as a person, in lifestyle and relationships and the importance and priority of the infant in the mother's life were noted, particularly in women who reported low and moderate expectations of motherhood.
Incidence of maternal distress was 42% (n = 252) of women at 36 weeks gestation, which decreased to 19.2% (n = 97) at six weeks following childbirth, and 15.5% (n = 73) at 12 weeks postpartum. This effect across time was significant (F (2, 918) = 174.9, p less than .001) and accounted for 27.6% of variance when tracking the incidence of maternal distress from pregnancy to the postpartum period.
MRD was associated with maternal distress across time. At 36 weeks gestation, overall maternal expectations were correlated with maternal distress (r = .20, p less than .001) whilst at six and 12 weeks postpartum, analysis yielded negative associations between self-perceptions of parenting and maternal distress, and positive associations between changes as a person, in lifestyle, and in relationships and maternal distress.
The results of the present study provide a better understanding of the experiences and perceptions of contemporary birthing women that differed from original conceptualisations. MRD, although similar to initial proposed theoretical constructs, takes longer than previously thought. The present study also confirmed previous propositions that motherhood for many women in contemporary society is distressing.
Studies on MRD enable us to better understand how women respond to the difficulties of motherhood over time. Health care services need to provide greater support for mothers by recognising the challenges of childbearing and the intensity and demands of motherhood. Midwives need to re-examine their practice and support women from a fresh perspective. This view entails an appreciation of a high proportion of women reporting distress symptoms; assessing for risk, particularly in relation to domestic violence; and fostering social support, which was found to be an important mediator for MRD.
2
Price, Robin Owen. "Maternal health and fetal brain development : altered fetal neurogenesis following maternal inflammation /." May be available electronically:, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU1MTUmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=12498.
Full text
3
Ryder, Anna H. "Maternal responsiveness and children's early language development : the effect of maternal psychological factors." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2013. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/4767/.
Full text
4
Premo, Julie Elizabeth. "The Effect of Toddler Emotion Regulation on Maternal Emotion Socialization: Moderation by Toddler Gender and Maternal Depressive and Anxious Symptomatology." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1366819990.
Full text
5
O'Neill, Maria. "Maternal gesture and linguistic development in infants." Thesis, University of Reading, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.430915.
Full text
6
Godfrey, Keith Malcolm. "Maternal nutrition, fetal development and adult disease." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.285785.
Full text
7
Connell, Sarah Elizabeth. "Maternal Mortality in Cambodia: Efforts to Meet the Millennium Development Goal for Maternal Health." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2011. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/iph_theses/198.
Full textAbstract:
Recent estimates of global maternal mortality indicate that for the first time since the Safe Motherhood Initiative of 1987, deaths due to pregnancy-related causes are on the decline. Defined as the death of a woman while pregnant or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy, maternal mortality is one of the strongest health statistics showing the disparity between poor and rich countries. Although a global decline is documented, challenges to reducing maternal mortality, and meeting Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) for maternal health remain, particularly in many Sub-Saharan African and Southeast Asian countries.
This study presents an assessment of Cambodia’s progress towards reaching the Millennium Development Goal of reducing maternal deaths by ¾ by 2015. The report examines issues related to the improvement of maternal health, outlining the magnitude, determinants, and prevention methods of maternal mortality globally and in Cambodia.
Cambodia’s health policies and contextual factors impacting the maternal mortality ratio such as dramatic increases of skilled health personnel for delivery, delivery in health facility, and use of antenatal care are identified as key contributors to MMR reduction.
Continued progress in reducing maternal mortality in Cambodia requires improvements to midwifery skill, competencies around normal and emergency birthing care, and salaries of midwives as well as an incentive for new graduates to work in the public sector. An increase in the cooperation between government health centers and hospitals are crucial to ensure obstetric referrals, supervision of health center staff, and an improvement in maternal death data collection. Finally a national priority to increase the use of family planning and safe abortion will significantly contribute to the continued reduction of MMR.
8
Smith, Eileen Frances Sheridan. "Maternal influences on behavioural development in hooded rats." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.357830.
Full text
9
Woollaston, K. "The relationship between maternal psychopathology and infant development." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2010. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/853994/.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis describes an investigation into the effect of maternal psychopathology on infants' mental and psychomotor development. Part one systematically reviews the literature, which considers the effect of maternal psychopathology on infants' mental and psychomotor development in the first two years of life. It concludes that this relationship is likely to be mediated by other variables and future research should explore this relationship further. Part two is an empirical paper that describes an investigation of the relationship between maternal psychopathology and infants' mental and psychomotor development and the potential mediating variables of socioeconomic factors and maternal Emotional Availability. This thesis was linked to Wain's (2010) research and built on the work of Gale (2009). Part three is a critical appraisal that discusses methodological issues and personal reflections on conducting the research.
10
Prado, Elizabeth Leah. "Improving maternal cognition and child development in developing countries : effects of maternal multiple micronutrient supplementation." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.539652.
Full text
11
Conliffe, Phyllis R. (Phyllis Rowena). "Effects of maternal diabetes on fetal development in rats." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=39344.
Full textAbstract:
The mechanisms underlying the high incidence of fetal abnormalities including fetal lung immaturity during maternal diabetes are not fully understood. Utilizing streptozotocin-diabetic rats as the model, I have examined the role of fetal hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia and other factors on fetal adrenal and lung functions in culture. Insulin and glucose did not alter fetal adrenal and lung cell proliferation and adrenal corticosterone output. On the other hand, a novel protein-bound, low molecular weight non-proteinaceous cytotoxic factor was detected in the serum of diabetic animals. In addition, a novel protein with cytostatic activity was found in fetal lungs, the concentration of which increased during diabetes. Partial amino acid sequence and Western Blot analysis revealed this protein to be similar to histone H2B. An extra-nuclear role is suggested for this protein because it appears to be present in the microsomal fraction of fetal lungs. It is concluded that fetal lung immaturity during diabetes may be contributed by cytotoxic and cytostatic factors contained in the serum and fetal lungs, respectively.
12
Robertson, Chelsea L. "Exploring the Moderating Effect of Maternal Scaffolding on The Temperament - Language Development Relationship." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3613.
Full textAbstract:
Many studies have examined the relationship between a child’s temperament and its effect on his or her early language development. However, few studies have investigated the detrimental effects a child’s negative affectivity may have on their language development and potential ways these effects may be limited through parental behaviors. The current study aimed to investigate if physical or verbal maternal scaffolding behaviors moderated the effect negative affect has on language development. Although it was expected that maternal encouragement of physical activity would play a moderating role in the relationship between temperament and language development, no such relationship was found. One explanation for these findings is the operationalization of maternal scaffolding behaviors in the present study; previous studies have also included instances of emotional and motivational scaffolding. Future efforts should aim to incorporate a broader range of potential scaffolding behaviors in their coding protocols.
13
Major, Sarah A. "Maternal attributions : are these associated with appraisal of maternal parenting received or knowledge of child development?" Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.249442.
Full text
14
Gong, Shaoqing. "Family Income, Maternal Marital Status, Maternal Employment, and the Development of Overweight and Obesity During Childhood." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2010. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1722.
Full textAbstract:
This study examined the longitudinal associations of family income level, maternal marital status, and maternal employment with body mass measurements and the development of overweight and obesity. Multiple linear and logistic regressions were used to assess the effects of the exposure variables on weight status with simultaneous adjustment for the exposure variables and the covariates. Key findings include: Children in families with incomes below the poverty line at child's 24 or 54 months of age were at a higher risk of becoming overweight and obese at child's third grade than children in families with incomes above the poverty line; longer maternal working hours at child's 54 months of age was associated with an increased risk of overweight and obesity at child's third grade. In conclusion, this study confirms that family poverty status and maternal working hours are associated with child's overweight and obesity risk.
15
Noakes, Paul Stanton. "The effects of maternal smoking on infant immune development." University of Western Australia. School of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2006. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2006.0080.
Full textAbstract:
[Truncated abstract] With the dramatic rise in asthma and allergic disease there is an urgent need to define the early life exposures which influence developing immune responses to increase the predisposition to allergic disease. While this is clearly multifactorial, this thesis addresses the effects of maternal smoking as a major adverse, yet avoidable exposure in early life. I hypothesised that the well-documented increased susceptibility to infection in infants of smokers could indicate underlying effects on innate Toll-like receptor (TLR) mediated microbial responses which could in turn contribute to early immune dysregulation and increased risk of allergic disease. In addition to providing the first defence against microbes, TLR-mediated pathways modulate subsequent specific immune response and are of growing interest in the potential inhibition of inappropriate allergic responses. My initial interest in the potential immune effects of smoking in pregnancy was based on preliminary retrospective analyses of a previous cohort (presented in Chapter 3) which suggested possible effects on T cell cytokine responses to mitogens and allergens. Based on this, I recruited a new prospective pregnancy cohort (n=122) of smokers (n=60) and non-smokers (n=62) (as outlined in Chapter 4) to confirm this and test my novel hypothesis that maternal smoking may be affecting important innate (TLR-mediated) immune pathways. … Thus, these findings could indicate that smoking increases the early susceptibility to infection thereby increasing subsequent IgA responses. This is supported by observations that key neonatal TLR responses are attenuated in children who go onto develop wheezy illnesses and lower respiratory tract infections. Together, the study findings suggest that in addition to effects on lung growth, maternal smoking may also influence aspects of neonatal innate immune function that are now believed to play a critical role in microbial-driven postnatal immune development, highlighting that other environmental interactions are also highly relevant to the v
16
Ali, Mohd Alauddin Mohd. "Development of a portable fetal and maternal heart recorder." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.239928.
Full text
17
Winstanley, Alice. "Maternal and infant contributions to development following premature deliveries." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2012. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/47366/.
Full textAbstract:
The focus of this thesis is on the early caregiving environment and social interactions of preterm infants. Chapter one introduces the topic of premature delivery, including infant outcomes, parent’s caregiving role, infant’s role in their own development, and dyadic interactions between parents and their premature infants. Chapter two introduces methodological difficulties in the study of preterm infants. The chapter also provides an overview of the longitudinal study of preterm infants’ development that provided the majority of the data for this thesis. Chapter three introduces a new measure of parenting principles and practices, the Baby Care Questionnaire (BCQ). The BCQ measures how parents approach caring for their infant in three contexts – sleeping, feeding and soothing. The chapter documents the development and psychometric properties of the BCQ. Chapter four studies the impact of premature birth on maternal cognitions and principles about caregiving. The chapter presents data on the consistency of maternal cognitions about child development and caregiving at an individual and group level. Chapter five studies the impact of premature birth on infant attention, in particular social attention. The chapter reports data on the style of preterm infants’ looking to a novel stimulus, how these infants followed an experimenter’s attention to a target and their regulation abilities (as reported by their mother). Chapter six studies the impact of premature birth on interactions between mothers and their infants. The chapter uses statistical techniques to represent streams of behaviour to examine different responding to person- and object-directed behaviours by mothers and their premature infants. Chapter seven brings together these findings and discusses future work.
18
Malcolm, Cari A. "Maternal docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation and infant visual development." Thesis, Glasgow Caledonian University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.270513.
Full text
19
Dibelka, James. "MATERNAL INFLUENCES ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF INFANT ORAL BIOFILM." VCU Scholars Compass, 2011. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/2457.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose: The purpose was to examine the maternal influences on the development of infant oral biofim and dominant bacterial strains of at risk populations. Methods: The study used a cross-sectional design to examine factors influencing biofilm colonization and the identification of bacterial strains transmitted from mother to child. Participants were enrolled in Children’s Health Involving Parents of Greater Richmond (CHIP). Plaque and saliva samples were collected from mothers and their children ages 6-36 months. The colonized oral bacteria strains of the mother infant dyads were then compared. Oral bacterial strain identification was completed using the HOMIM Forsythe microbe identification array. Examination for concordant strains was done using the statistical boot strap shuffle in Excel. Results: Forty-one CHIP families were involved in the pilot study. Participants were predominantly non-white , less than high school education 46.3%, and their average age was 29.1 years. Mothers had a caries prevalence of 87.8% and the infant’s caries rate was 26.7%. To date n=14 pairs of the n=41 samples have been processed and analyzed using the HOMIM microarray. Twelve paired samples were not processed due to non-detectable levels of bacterial DNA. Fifteen samples are currently being processed by HOMIM Forsyth. Predominate species transferred from mother to child include S. Oralis, S. parasanguinous, S. mitis, Slakia, and S. anginosis. 425 unique strains of bacteria were analyzed on the array with a maternal concurrence rate of 33%. Conclusion: When comparing total bacterial populations in the oral environment a concurrence of transmission from mother to child was 33%. Higher rates of vertical transmission were observed in S. Oralis, S. sanguinous, and Slakia.
20
Lombardi, Caitlin McPherran. "Early Maternal Employment and Children's Academic and Behavioral Skills: a Comparative Analysis." Thesis, Boston College, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/3345.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis advisor: Rebekah L. ColeyThe goal of this dissertation was to delineate the repercussions of early maternal employment for children's early developmental competencies in the U.S., Australia, and the U.K. and to test economic and psychological theories regarding potential mechanisms linking maternal employment with children's development, including time, money, and stress. Prior research has focused on older, non-representative cohorts of American children, with results suggesting full-time employment in the first year after childbirth is linked with lower cognitive and behavioral skills. It is unclear if these same patterns exist in more recent cohorts and in other countries with differing cultural expectations and policy environments for families, most notably more comprehensive parental leave policies. Data came from representative samples of children born in each country between 2000 and 2004: (1) the U.S.'s Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Birth Cohort (N=10,100), (2) Australia's Longitudinal Study of Australian Children-Birth Cohort (N=5,093), and (3) the U.K.'s Millennium Cohort Study (N= 18,497). In each dataset, mother's employment data were coded to assess the month of entry into employment following childbirth. Extensive, well-validated direct assessment, mother report, and teacher report measures assessed children's cognitive and behavioral skills following entry into formal schooling. Descriptive data showed very different patterns of entry into employment: American mothers entered employment the earliest and at the highest intensity with more gradual, lower intensity returns by Australian and British mothers. OLS regression models weighted with propensity scores and controlling for a rich array of child and maternal characteristics suggested that early movements into employment had few associations with children's cognitive or behavioral skills in any of the countries. These neutral associations were not differentiated by maternal time, stress, or wages. However, as non-maternal household income decreased, early employment was linked with higher cognitive skills in the U.S. while employment begun before two years was linked with higher behavioral skills in Australia. There was no evidence of moderation by non-maternal household income in the U.K. Findings are discussed in terms of their implications for work family policy
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2013
Submitted to: Boston College. Lynch School of Education
Discipline: Counseling, Developmental, and Educational Psychology
21
Seagraves, Nikki Jo. "Characterization of Cardiac Teratogenicity in a Mouse Model of Maternal Phenylketonuria." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1345481951.
Full text
22
Woolmore, Ashley. "Regression periods in infancy and maternal post-natal depression." Thesis, Open University, 1998. http://oro.open.ac.uk/54154/.
Full textAbstract:
van de Rijt-Plooij & Plooij (1992) have found periods of 'regressive behaviour' (Regression Periods), which accompany developmental transitions in infancy. In fullterm normal infants these periods occur at specific ages. The present study had two central aims. Firstly, to see if the Plooijs' finding of Regression Periods at 12, 17 and 26 weeks postpartum could be replicated. Secondly, to investigate the relationship between the length of Regression Periods for a control group of participants and a group of participants at heightened risk of developing insecure mother-infant attachment: mothers presenting with symptoms of post-natal depression. Forty-five mother-infant dyads participated in this prospective, longitudinal study. After seeing mothers at home, they were interviewed weekly, for approximately 15 weeks, about specific infant behaviours and their reactions to their infant. Following two types of manipulation of the data, Regression Periods for control group participants were detected at weeks 12, 16,20 and 24, whereas for participants in the post-natal depression group, Regression Periods were detected at weeks 14, 17 and 25, supporting the Plooijs' findings. Regression Periods were longer in the post-natal depression group. Depressed mothers were also less flexible in their mothering style, measured on the Facilitators & Regulators questionnaire. Based on the findings of this study, the development of insecure attachment is discussed. A clinical implication of this work is that information about Regression Periods could be made available to new-mothers, using Regression Period knowledge to focus on the prevention of insecure attachment.
23
Wang, Xiaofang. "Maternal education, maternal language acculturation, parental involvement, and maternal social support as predictors of the academic achievement and socioemotional development of Asian American children." College Park, Md.: University of Maryland, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/9296.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2009.Thesis research directed by: Dept. of Family Studies. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
24
Wilson, Charles Morgan. "Maternal thyroid hormones in Japanese quail eggs." Thesis, This resource online, 1996. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-08222008-063658/.
Full text
25
Easter, Abigail. "Maternal eating disorders : effects on pregnancy, infant and child development." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2012. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/maternal-eating-disorders(2b409d22-e80f-4538-b904-17060c23b63c).html.
Full textAbstract:
There is evidence that Eating Disorders (ED) may have implications for fertility, pregnancy and, diet and growth in their children. However, few large longitudinal investigations have been conducted. Women with ED have an increased risk for adverse obstetric outcomes; one proposed pathway is via elevated psychopathology during pregnancy, and consequently foetal overexposure to cortisol and corticotrophin-releasing-hormone, which may in turn have implications for stress regulation in their children. The aim of this thesis was to investigate the effects of ED on fertility and pregnancy, as well as specific aspects of infant and child development. Five interrelated studies were undertaken, utilising two separate methodological approaches. First, a large (n= 12,254) longitudinal birth-cohort was employed to investigate fertility and attitudes towards pregnancy in women with and without ED, and longitudinal patterns of diet and growth in their children. Second, maternal psychopathology and cortisol levels during pregnancy, and potential associations with obstetric outcomes, were investigated in a clinical sample of women with and without ED (n=88). At eight weeks post-natal, infant cortisol levels in response to stress were investigated in a sub-sample of mother-infant dyads (n=59). The findings suggest that women with ED take longer to conceive and more frequently experience negative feelings towards their pregnancy than women without ED. Women with active ED showed persistently high levels of psychopathology and differential diurnal cortisol patterns during pregnancy, which were associated with lower birth weights and shorter gestations. Furthermore, children of women with ED were found to experience elevated cortisol levels, and some differences in dietary patterns and growth trajectories. The general strengths and limitations of these investigations are presented and areas for future research are considered.
26
Boddy, Janet M. "Maternal characteristics and the development of children who failed to thrive." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.246062.
Full text
27
Anderson, Susan A. "Maternal dietary glucose intake affects neonatal gastrointestinal development in rats." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0029/MQ50707.pdf.
Full text
28
MacDonald, Jennifer A. "Relationship of maternal attachment to preschool children's development of empathy." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0020/MQ56790.pdf.
Full text
29
章彤輝 and Tung-fai Cheung. "Maternal malnutrition: effects on growth and development of rat pups." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31236698.
Full text
30
Wilson, Ronee Elisha. "Influence of Maternal Thyroid Dysfunction on Infant Growth and Development." Scholar Commons, 2013. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4964.
Full textAbstract:
Thyroid dysfunction is one of the most common endocrine disorders in women of childbearing age and the obstetric consequences of abnormal thyroid hormone levels during pregnancy have been established. Less understood is the implication of the presence of maternal thyroid autoantibodies on infant outcomes among women who are euthyroid during pregnancy. The objective of this study was two-fold: 1) to examine the influence of antenatal thyroperioxidase (TPO) status on fetal/infant brain and body growth measurements at delivery and 2) to explore the relationship of antenatal TPO status and maternal postpartum thyroid dysfunction (PPTD) on early infant growth and neurocognitive development. Six-hundred thirty-one (631) euthyroid pregnant women were recruited from prenatal clinics in Tampa Bay, Florida and the surrounding area between November 2007 and December 2010. TPO status was determined during pregnancy and fetal/infant brain and body growth variables were assessed at delivery. A subsample of forty-one (41) mother-infant dyads participated in a 6-month longitudinal supplemental study. Infant growth assessments were conducted at 3, 4, 5 and 6 months postpartum. Regression analysis revealed maternal TPO positivity was significantly associated with smaller head circumference, reduced brain weight and lower brain-body-ratio; however maternal race/ethnicity was identified as an effect modifier in the relationship. No significant differences were noted in birth weight, birth length, abdominal circumference or chest circumference measurements among infants born to TPO positive mothers of any racial/ethnic group as compared to their negative counterparts. Mixed model analysis of the smaller subset (n=41) revealed infants of TPO+ mothers were smaller at birth but experienced accelerated growth between birth to 3 months when compared to infants born to TPO- mothers. This acceleration led to their catch-up in growth to their TPO negative counterparts by 3 months of age. No significant differences were noted in neurocognitive outcomes between infants born to TPO+ mothers compared to those born to TPO- mothers. The findings in this dissertation indicate that maternal/race ethnicity modifies the relationship between TPO positivity and reduced fetal/infant brain growth. Additionally, the analyses suggest that maternal autoantibody status could lead to variations in early infant growth and development. The end-result of these variations is unclear. Further research is needed to determine the potential impact of reduced head circumference and accelerated growth as it relates to long-term neurocognitive consequences. Currently, TPO antibody status is not assessed as part of the standard prenatal care laboratory work-up, but findings from this study suggest that fetal brain growth may be impaired by TPO positivity among certain populations, therefore autoantibody screening among high-risk sub-groups may be useful for clinicians to determine whether prenatal thyroid treatment is warranted.
31
Gayerie, Marie Francine. "Maternal hormone profiles and pre-embryo development in the cow." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.314748.
Full text
32
Ursell, Elizabeth. "Maternal diet and visceral yolk sac function during mouse development." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.420232.
Full text
33
Roden, Camila Miranda. "New scales for maternal narratives and investigation on child development." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2013. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/new-scales-for-maternal-narratives-and-investigation-on-child-development(4b04c910-ca75-43c6-a30c-2a5de59bc339).html.
Full textAbstract:
This doctoral thesis aims to extend narrative research by developing an original method for the study of maternal speech. More specifically, the aim is to design and test a new narrative measure, assessing the way mothers formulate and structure descriptions of their children, which is valid, accessible and quick to both administer and code, whilst potentially adding an extra dimension to the information captured by existing coding procedures. This objective was achieved by developing and validating a new coding scheme to assess structural features of maternal narratives and investigating whether these new maternal scales were associated with mothers’ characteristics, children’s emotional and behavioural problems and cognitive development. Research was carried out using data from the Environmental-Risk Longitudinal Twin Study (E-Risk Study), a nationally representative cohort of 1,116 families with twins. Maternal narratives were prospectively collected at ages 5 and 10, whilst reports on mothers’ and children’s characteristics were collected from multiple informants on follow-up visits when the children were aged 5, 7, 10 and 12 years. Findings showed that two of the four new scales validly measured maternal narratives’ structural features. Importantly, these new scales were associated with mothers’ personality features, children’s externalising and internalising behaviour and children’s cognitive development. These associations remained when controlling for socio-demographic cofounders, parenting behaviour and the children’s own previous history of behavioural problems and intellectual ability. This research project, therefore, makes an original contribution to research methods that could be readily transferred to clinical practice by developing and testing an innovative and valid measure of maternal narratives’ structural features from existing narratives, adding further depth and texture to the existing coding procedures and extending the scope and utility of narrative research.
34
TYNES, PATRICIA M. "THE IMPACT OF MATERNAL DIABETES ON SPEECH AND LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1028554969.
Full text
35
Cheung, Tung-fai. "Maternal malnutrition : effects on growth and development of rat pups /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B1971256X.
Full text
36
Phelps, Randi A. "An Investigation of Maternal Biological Indices of Anxiety Proneness as Predictors of Toddlers' Dysregulated Fear through Maternal Protective Parenting Behaviors." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1511721211390459.
Full text
37
Emick, Jessica E. "The influence of maternal sensitivity and maternal stimulation on later development of executive functioning via structural equation modeling." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/6771.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2007.Thesis research directed by: Counseling and Personnel Services. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
38
Wu, Qiong. "Maternal Emotion Socialization and Child Emotion Regulation in At-Risk Populations." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1529917564843383.
Full text
39
Veru, Franz. "The influence of prenatal maternal stress on postnatal immunity in offspring." Thesis, McGill University, 2014. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=121502.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction: Current epidemiological evidence suggests that asthma and allergic conditions have an etiological component rooted in prenatal development. One of the associated risk factors is the exposure of the conceptus to prenatal maternal stress (PNMS). Current information on the effects of PNMS on postnatal immunity is limited to animal studies with scattered methodologies and two human studies with methodological constraints. The present state of knowledge does not allow drawing definitive conclusions and new studies are needed. Objectives: The main goal of the study presented in this thesis is to analyze the influence of PNMS on the immune system, and to determine which factors from the stressor and the stressed subject are relevant for this phenomenon. Methods: A comprehensive review of the animal literature was conducted to determine which aspects of immunity are most affected by PNMS, which factors intervene in this relationship, and what are the potentially global consequences of PNMS-induced changes on postnatal immunity and health. The available studies were analyzed by the timing (by Window of Vulnerability), type and duration/frequency of the stressor, and by the species, sex and age at assessment of the offspring. These conclusions were used to construct the hypotheses to test in Project Ice Storm, a human study that has been assessing prospectively the consequences of PNMS exposure caused by a natural disaster. Immunity was tested in 37 adolescents (average age 13½ years) whose mothers were pregnant at the time of the storm, measuring their major leukocyte populations and cytokine production capacity using flow cytometry. Results: The review of the animal literature indicated that PNMS affects multiple aspects of postnatal immunity. The most replicated findings were changes in the production of immune-inflammatory mediators (cytokines), and alterations in cell populations. Globally, PNMS might induce the development of a T-helper 2 immune phenotype, which potentially explains the epidemiological link between asthma and PNMS. The timing of the exposure to PNMS was determinant for the effect of PNMS on T lymphocyte populations, and the sex of the offspring influenced the manifestation and direction of cytokine production changes. The human study confirmed that PNMS influences postnatal immunity, indicated that PNMS effects depend on the objective exposure to the stressor rather than on maternal distress, showed that there is an enhanced but not exclusive vulnerability of CD4+ cells to PNMS in early pregnancy, and showed that IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α were altered, with TNF-alpha showing different levels in males and females. Conclusion: PNMS exposure has long-term consequences on immunity in animals and humans. Its effects are pervasive and determined by factors from the stressor and the subject. Some of the alterations induced by PNMS could be linked to the development of immune-related disorders such as asthma.Introduction : Les données épidémiologiques actuelles suggèrent que l'asthme et les allergies ont une composante étiologique liée au développement prénatal. Un des facteurs de risque associé à ce lien est l'exposition du fœtus au stress maternel prénatal (SMP). Les effets nocifs du SMP sur la vie postnatale ont été documentés aux niveaux anatomique, physiologique, et comportemental. Cependant, les preuves actuelles sur les effets du SMP sur l'immunité postnatale sont limitées à des études animales avec des méthodologies diverses ainsi qu'à deux études chez l'humain présentant des contraintes méthodologiques. Les connaissances actuelles ne permettent pas de tirer des conclusions définitives; de nouvelles études sont requises. Objectifs : Le but principal de l'étude présentée dans cette thèse est d'analyser l'influence du SMP sur le système immunitaire, et de déterminer quels éléments du facteur de stress et du sujet stressé sont impliqués dans ce phénomène. Cette connaissance permettrait d'améliorer la compréhension des mécanismes sous-jacents responsables de l'influence du SMP sur l'immunité postnatale. Méthode : Une revue de la littérature a été effectuée afin de déterminer quels éléments du système immunitaire sont davantage affectés par le SMP, quels facteurs interviennent dans cette relation, et quelles sont les conséquences potentielles des changements induits par le SMP sur l'immunité postnatale et la santé. Cela a été effectué en analysant les études disponibles en considérant le temps (par Période de vulnérabilité), le type et la durée/fréquence du facteur de stress, ainsi que l'espèce, le sexe et l'âge du rejeton à l'évaluation. Les conclusions tirées de cette revue ont été utilisées pour définir les hypothèses à tester dans le cadre d'une étude humaine qui investigue de façon prospective les conséquences de l'exposition au SMP dû à un désastre naturel : le Projet Verglas. L'immunité a été testée chez 37 adolescents de cette cohorte (âge moyen 13 ans ½) en mesurant leurs populations de leucocytes ainsi que la production de cytokine in vitro en utilisant la cytométrie en flux. Résultats : La revue de la littérature animale indique que le SMP affecte de multiples aspects de l'immunité postnatale. Les découvertes les plus répliquées sont un changement dans la production de cytokines et une altération dans les populations de cellules. Globalement, le SMP peut induire le développement d'un phénotype de réponse immunitaire de type 2, qui pourrait potentiellement expliquer le lien épidémiologique entre l'asthme et le SMP. La période d'exposition au SMP (début de la grossesse) était déterminante pour l'effet du SMP sur les populations de lymphocytes T, et le sexe du rejeton influençait la manifestation et la direction des changements dans la production de cytokines. L'étude humaine confirme que le SMP influence l'immunité postnatale, que les effets du SMP dépendent de l'exposition objective au facteur de stress plutôt que la détresse maternelle, qu'il existe une vulnérabilité accrue mais non exclusive des cellules CD4+ au SMP tôt dans la grossesse, et enfin que les cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, et TNF-α sont altérés. Les niveaux de TNF-alpha étant différents entre les garçons et les filles. Conclusion : L'exposition au SMP a des conséquences à long-terme sur l'immunité animale et humaine. Ses effets sont invasifs et sont déterminés par des caractéristiques du facteur de stress et du sujet. Des altérations induites par le SMP peuvent être liées au développement de troubles immunitaires tel que l'asthme.
40
Deyo, Grace Marie. "The Relationship of Maternal Stress and Coping, Development Knowledge, and Infant Crying to Maternal Abuse Risk at Two Months." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1337967806.
Full text
41
McCalla, M. Katherine. "The role of maternal behavior and toddler compliance in the development of problem behaviors." View electronic thesis (PDF), 2009. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2009-2/rp/mccallam/mmccalla.pdf.
Full text
42
Kish, Julia Ann. "The development of maternal confidence for labor among nulliparous pregnant women." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/275.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2003.Thesis research directed by: Human Development. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
43
Almond, Kayleigh. "The influence of maternal diet on offspring development and liver metabolism." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2011. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/12058/.
Full textAbstract:
Altering maternal nutrition affects fetal development and can have long-lasting effects on the offspring, potentially predisposing them to later metabolic disease. These effects can occur without affecting birth weight, although small for date offspring appear to be at increased risk. One mechanism linking changes in the maternal environment to an increased risk of later disease is enhanced exposure to glucocorticoids (GC). Tissue sensitivity to cortisol is regulated, in part, by the GC receptor (GR) and 11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11βHSD) types 1 and 2. Several studies have shown the effects of maternal nutrient restriction on the programming of GC action in the offspring, however, dietary excess is far more characteristic of the diets consumed by contemporary pregnant women. The aim of this thesis was to provide a novel insight into the effects of moderate changes in the macronutrient ratio, within the maternal diet fed to pigs (whilst maintaining energy content), on offspring growth, development and liver metabolism until adolescence. Fat supplementation (Fat supplemented (FS): 9 %; Control (C): 2.5 %) from day 0 until 110 of gestation, reduced maternal glucose tolerance at term and decreased the survival rate of piglets after birth, possibly due to hypoglycaemia. In addition, supplementing the maternal diet with protein (Protein supplemented (PS): 16.3 %; C: 12.3 %) also increased the incidence of postnatal mortality, with surviving offspring demonstrating an up-regulation of mRNA transcripts involved in GC sensitivity i.e. GC receptor and 11βHSD-1, in the liver. Furthermore, this thesis demonstrated no negative effects of accelerated postnatal growth on low-birth weight piglets as others have suggested. In conclusion, this thesis has demonstrated a detrimental effect of fat and protein supplementation until day 110 of gestation on postnatal mortality. These findings could have profound consequences for the pig industry where reducing piglet mortality is of economic importance. In addition, an increased level of protein in the diet during gestation increases GC sensitivity in the offspring which may be indicative of excess GC exposure in utero. These types of adaptations could have significant implications in determining the programming effects of maternal diet on adult disease risk.
44
Waters, Cerith S. "Young motherhood, maternal psychopathology and children's cognitive, behavioural and emotional development." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2008. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/54504/.
Full textAbstract:
The corpus of research contained in this thesis is concerned with the psychological correlates and consequences of an early transition to parenthood for mothers and children. In light of the recent demographic shifts in the postponement of marriage and parenthood, particular attention was given to women who entered motherhood in their early twenties, as well as to teenage mothers. Using data from two prospective longitudinal cohorts in the United Kingdom, three interlocking studies were conducted to chart the course of mental health problems in young mothers and the risks for mental health problems and cognitive deficits in their children. Study 1 found that women who entered parenthood in their teenage and early twenties years are at an increased risk of experiencing a depressive episode during pregnancy and, in the 11 year period that followed their child's birth, most went on to experience subsequent episodes. Study 2 demonstrated that the increased prevalence of antenatal depression among the women who became mothers at young ages, along with the sub-optimal antenatal and postnatal environments they provided, partly accounted for the elevated rates of emotional disorder and cognitive deficits in their offspring. Study 3 replicated the finding of high rates of antenatal depression in a new sample of young mothers and identified four core predictors of their psychopathology: housing dissatisfaction, serious relationship difficulties, a personal history of affective disorder and a family history of psychiatric illness. Across both samples, high rates of antenatal substance use by both groups of young mothers were also observed. These findings call for intervention programmes for adolescent mothers to focus on the antenatal as well the postnatal period, and the expansion of such initiatives to address the needs of early twenties mothers and their offspring.
45
Bergman, Kristin M. "Antenatal maternal stress and anxiety and the development of the child." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.501071.
Full text
46
Aljabri, Maha. "Maternal control of seed development mediated by the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway." Thesis, University of Bath, 2016. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.690737.
Full textAbstract:
Many plants exhibit post-zygotic barriers to hybridisation and failure of crosses is frequently associated with abnormal endosperm development. The “triploid block” is one such example that results from intraspecific crosses between diploid and tetraploid plants. Here, paternal excess usually leads to severe endosperm over-proliferation, failure of cellularisation and consequent arrest of embryo development. Most ecotypes of Arabidopsis thaliana tolerate 2xX4x crosses which result in enlarged viable seeds, however the Columbia (Col-0) ecotype exhibits a classic triploid block. Previous work suggested that some genes involved in regulation of the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway (FBP) could act as maternal modifiers of the Col4x-mediated triploid block, re-imposing a normal (balanced) developmental programme on the endosperm. The FBP operates in a specialised maternal layer of the seed coat, the endothelium, which lies adjacent to the endosperm. This study set out to understand the role of the FBP and its products in the regulation of seed development following 2xX4x crosses. To this end, a collection of FBP mutants was assembled to test their effect on alleviating the triploid block. Both light and confocal microscopy was utilised to assess the effects of FBP mutations on seed development and biochemical analysis (ESI–LC–MS/MS) was used to determine if particular products of the FBP were significant. In addition, a potential link between the hormone auxin and the FBP was investigated in seeds by utilising FBP mutants carrying the fluorescent auxin “response” reporter DR5rev::GFP. This work revealed that many (though not all) mutations of the FBP lead to alleviation of the triploid block and that, in particular, perturbations to the pathway that result in a reduction of proanthocyanidins or affect normal vacuolar biogenesis in the endothelium are associated with ‘rescue’ from Col4x-induced seed lethality. Preliminary evidence is presented that does suggest a potential link between auxin transport and products of the FBP though how this may operate is unclear.
47
Best, Lara. "The association between maternal responsiveness and child social and emotional development." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/13642.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction. A mother’s verbal and non-verbal behaviour towards her infant is known as maternal responsiveness (MR). Positive MR is associated with better child social and emotional development (SED). A mother’s ability to accurately recognise emotions is thought to enhance MR. Method. Data from 1,122 mother-infant interactions from a longitudinal birth cohort study, was used firstly to examine whether positive MR at 12 months was associated with better child and adolescent SED, and secondly to explore whether better maternal facial and vocal expression recognition at 151 months was associated with positive MR and child SED. MR was measured using the Thorpe Interaction Measure (TIM) from observed mother-infant interactions and SED from questionnaire data adjusting for potential confounding variables. A test of facial expression recognition was used with vocal expression recognition additionally used in mothers. Results. Logistic regression revealed that positive MR was associated with positive SED outcomes in childhood but there was little effect in adolescence. Positive MR was associated with mothers having better facial and vocal expression recognition at 151 months and these recognition skills were associated with children showing less emotional problems at 158 months independent of MR. Adjustments for confounding variables had no effect on these results. Conclusion: These findings support the benefit of positive MR on a child’s SED in middle childhood. Further, the findings suggest that a mother’s facial and vocal expression recognition skills are important to both MR and a child’s SED. Limitations include subjective reporting of SED.
48
Creech, Amber L. "Maternal characteristics, parenting quality, and child behavior problems /." Electronic version (PDF), 2006. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2006/creecha/ambercreech.pdf.
Full text
49
Bouvette-Turcot, Andrée-Anne. "Maternal history of early adversity: transgenerational risk transmission to offspring, temperament development." Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=103680.
Full textAbstract:
Epidemiological data and the perinatal programming hypothesis suggest that the effects of a maternal history of early adverse experiences may affect the next generation. Such effects are likely to occur interactively with offspring factors, such as genotype. The serotonin transporter polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) is a plausible candidate for the early emergence of individual differences in temperament, especially negative emotionality, in combination with prenatal adversity. The focus in this study was on the 5-HTTLPR gene in the child and the interactive effects of this polymorphism and early childhood experience of the mother on the negative emotionality/behavioural regulation of the offspring. Offspring negative emotionality/behavioural regulation was not affected by this gene x environment interaction and only maternal postnatal depression was predictive of offspring negative emotionality/behavioural regulation. Although depression is known to influence mother-reports of infant temperament, offspring negative emotionality/behavioural regulation ratings remained stable between 18 and 36 months. Negative emotionality/behavioural regulation was also predictive of psychosocial impairments at 60 months, as assessed by both mothers and fathers, thereby confirming the impact of maternal depression on offspring temperament, over and above any bias reflected in the parental reports.Les études épidémiologiques suggèrent que les événements négatifs survenus chez la mère lors de son enfance et/ou de sa grossesse sont associés à des difficultés autant au niveau comportemental qu'émotionnel plus tard dans la vie de l'enfant. Les impacts de ces événements négatifs sont également influencés par le génotype des enfants. Il est fort probable que les polymorphismes du transporteur de sérotonine (5-HTTLPR) influencent, de concert avec l'historique d'événements négatifs vécus par les mères, l'émergence des premières différences individuelles au niveau du tempérament des enfants, en particulier l'émotivité négative. Cette étude visait à déterminer les impacts du gène 5-HTTLPR chez les enfants, combinés aux impacts des expériences négatives vécues par les mères antérieurement à la grossesse, sur l'émotivité négative/régulation du comportement des enfants. L'émotivité négative/régulation du comportement des enfants ne fut pas affectée par cette interaction gène x environnement et seule la dépression maternelle postnatale fut associée à l'émotivité négative/régulation du comportement des enfants. Même s'il a été établi que la dépression affecte l'exactitude de l'évaluation que les mères font du tempérament de leurs enfants, l'émotivité négative/régulation du comportement demeura stable entre 18 et 36 mois. De même, l'émotivité négative prédit les troubles psychosociaux des enfants à l'âge de 60 mois, tel qu'évalués tant par les mères que par les pères, confirmant, dès lors, que la dépression maternelle affecte bel et bien le tempérament des enfants.
50
Lupton, Laura. "Sources of variability in maternal speech to infants : changes to affective and perceptual salience." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.386893.
Full text