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1
Schirtzinger, Mary Beth Bateman. "Maternal depression : measurement and characteristics /." The Ohio State University, 1990. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu148768178825174.
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Patel, Sonia. "Maternal understandings of postnatal depression." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2011. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/maternal-understandings-of-postnatal-depression(f86e827e-cbf9-4940-9a7f-841ee188b01c).html.
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Paper one is a systematic literature review of qualitative studies examining postnatal depression in immigrant mothers using a metasynthesis approach. This review involved three phases: a systematic literature search of qualitative studies reporting on postnatal depression among immigrant mothers, critical appraisal of the studies from the literature search, and the metasynthesis of these studies. Fifteen studies met the inclusion, exclusion and quality criteria. The synthesis of the studies demonstrated that immigrant mothers are subjected to two overarching factors of migration and cultural influences that interact and give rise to psychosocial understandings of postnatal depression, healthcare barriers and views of potential remedies lying within the psychosocial domain. Mothers use self-help coping strategies in line with this. Social support appears to play an integral and mediating role for these immigrant mothers removed from their sociocultural context.A grounded theory approach was taken in the second paper to explore illness beliefs in mothers with postnatal depression. Eleven participants were interviewed using a semi-structured interview schedule and data was analysed in line with a grounded theory methodology. A theory of illness beliefs in PND was developed encompassing six core categories: 'unmet expectations', 'identifying stressors in their life context', 'conflict over label', 'antidepressants: the lesser of two evils', 'loss of time' and 'uncertain futures.' It was concluded that participants made multiple appraisals of their PND in light of their initial difficulties, following service involvement, their improvements, their consequences and the future. Participants' narratives were conflicting and uncertain with internal struggles evident as mothers were torn between their desire to be good mothers and their perceptions that PND meant that they were not good enough mothers. The final paper is a critical appraisal that outlines my personal journey through a grounded theory methodology in exploring illness beliefs in postnatal depression. This appraisal first discusses why a qualitative design was chosen and more specifically a grounded theory approach. The difficulties attached to using grounded theory are then considered. Finally in keeping with the need for transparency within the methodology, there is a reflective account of the challenges encountered, the knowledge and skills gained throughout the process and how this has been important for my learning and progression towards becoming a qualified Clinical Psychologist.
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Hiltunen, P. (Pauliina). "Maternal postnatal depression, causes and consequences." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2003. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9514270541.
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Abstract
A longitudinal follow-up study of postnatal depression was performed in the years 1995-2000 in the University of Oulu. A volunteer, ramdomly selected group of 187 mothers from maternal wards of the University Hospital of Oulu were studied with different questionnaires in the first postpartum week. Depressive symptoms were re-assessed with Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale four months postpartum when paternal depression was evaluated with Beck Depression Inventory. 16.2% of the women were immediately after delivery screened as being depressed. Four months postpartum 13.0% of the mothers were depressed whereas 5.1 % of the fathers were having depressive symptoms. The cumulative incidence of maternal postnatal depression within the first four months was 22.2%.
These mothers who immediately showed depressive symptoms were at a higher risk to be depressed later. Maternal age 30 years or less predicted postnatal depression. The occurrence of maternal postnatal depression varied slightly during different seasons; during dark time immediate depressive symptoms increased and the spring seemed to protect from later postnatal depression. Analgesia during vaginal delivery, e.g. nitrous oxide, epidural analgesia or paracervical blockade, protected from postnatal depression as well. Caesarean section, either elective or emergency, did not predict postpartum mental well-being. Scores from the GHQ and the EPDS were strongly interrelated. Seven (5%) fathers were depressed four moths postpartum. They all were men whose partners also scored high in the EPDS.
Those mothers who were depressed interpreted infant facial signals differently, seeing less joy, disgust and anger, but more sadness in the infant facial pictures. Cultural variability was found in complex blended facial features of emotions, e.g. distress, in the Infant Facial Expression from Looking at Picture scale, although remarkable agreement was achieved and reinforced.
In the videotaped early mother-infant interaction small, but essential, changes were observed at 10 months postpartum. Overall, mothers who had had persistent depressive symptoms showed less negative expressions and had less anger and anxiety in their interaction. Their children were slightly less impulsive and seemed to have less visual and communicative contact with their mothers. The dyad was characterised by short periods of uninvolvement between the mother and the infant; e.g. the moments of reciprocity were less frequent than in the non-depressed mothers. At 42 months postpartum, the children of the persistently depressed mothers scored lower on the Expressive language scale than the children of the mothers who were depressed in one measurement or never.
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Oldfield, Katherine A. "Maternal separation : a model of depression." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.324049.
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Wilson, Claudia. "Maternal cognitive stimulation, maternal sensitivity and maternal depression as predictors of later emotion regulation." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.419335.
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Leiferman, Jennifer Ann. "The effect of maternal depressive symptomatology on maternal behaviors associated with child health /." Digital version accessible at:, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
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O'Higgins, Madeleine. "Improving Mother-Infant Outcomes after Maternal Postnatal Depression." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2007. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10019843/.
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Hummel, Alexandra Carlyle. "Psychobiological Emotion Regulation Linking Maternal Depression to Parenting." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1468164970.
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Myers, Sarah. "Maternal investment and postnatal depression : an evolutionary approach." Thesis, University of Kent, 2017. https://kar.kent.ac.uk/61265/.
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Postnatal depression is detrimental to maternal health and wellbeing, associated with poor developmental outcomes in children, and has prevalence estimates ranging from 13-60%; as such it is of significant public health concern and its origins are of interest from an evolutionary perspective. A growing movement within evolutionary research highlights the utility of evolutionary theory to elucidate the origins of health issues and indicate both novel approaches to treatment and prevention. A relatively longstanding, yet largely untested, existing evolutionary approach to postnatal depression proposes that it is a mechanism facilitating maternal investment decisions. More recently it has also been framed, somewhat complementarily, as the result of an evolutionary mismatch. Using the responses to a retrospective survey study which collected the complete reproductive histories of women and was uniquely designed to capture their experiences of postnatal depression, the first data chapter of this thesis explores whether there is support for adaptationist hypotheses that postnatal depression exhibits good design as a mechanism guiding maternal reproductive trade-offs. The results, combined with critiques put forward here and by other authors, suggest an alternative approach to postnatal depression is warranted. A limitation of both evolutionary and more traditional approaches to postnatal depression is that the commonly recognised risk factors for the condition fail to capture all the women who develop the condition. Recent developments in research into general depression, as opposed to postnatal depression, have highlighted the role of the immune system in symptom aetiology. This has led to a number of evolutionary researchers proposing that depression reflects an evolved inflammatory response to biological and social threat, with perceived social threat acting as an indicator of the likelihood of imminent biological threat. Inflammation then acts as the ultimate risk factor in the causal pathway to depression, and by extension postnatal depression, and suggests more attention needs to be paid to the social perceptions of women during pregnancy and early motherhood. Data chapters 3-6 explore the social pressures surrounding women about motherhood, the role such pressures play in generating feelings of shame (an emotional marker of social threat causally linked to general depression development), and the ability of shame to predict postnatal depression. Particular attention is paid to pressures surrounding socially approved levels of maternal investment, namely in the form of bonding. Bonding is of interest due to the documented association between postnatal depression and poor bonding as well as the pressures placed on women in contemporary, developed populations, highlighted by sociologists and feminist scholars, as a result of the emphasis on the importance bonding for child development. The role of social isolation, another form of social threat linked to general depression, in postnatal depression risk is also assessed. In so doing, a new model for maternal emotional investments is developed based on embodied capital theory and the results of two further data sets are presented - the first is a longitudinal survey study tracking women across the perinatal period assessing their experience of social pressure, shame, and postnatal depression, and the second an experimental priming study designed to assess if social threat can be primed using popular and social media relating to mothering. Results derived from these studies are supportive of the perception of social threat being a largely unrecognised risk factor in postnatal depression and the thesis concludes with a discussion of the public health implications which stem from this novel insight.
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Cheng, Man-wai, and 鄭敏惠. "Does breastfeeding affect maternal postpartum mood?" Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/206925.
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Breastfeeding is well known to be beneficial to both the mother and the baby. To the baby, it is associated with decreased short-term health problems such as diarrhea and respiratory infections, as well as decreased long-term health consequences such as type 2 diabetes, obesity, and raised blood cholesterol levels. To the mother, it is suggested to reduce type 2 diabetes, breast cancer, as well as ovarian cancer. Increasing exclusive breastfeeding rate, in which higher proportion of infants are given breast milk only, could also benefit the society as a whole. It is shown to reduce health care cost and premature deaths. Despite the gradual elevation of ever breastfeeding rate in Hong Kong up to 83% in 2013, the exclusive breastfeeding rate at 2 months postpartum remained relatively low at 21.7%. On the other hand, postpartum depression is a debilitating condition to both the mother and the baby. The prevalence was about 10-15%. And it could lead to deteriorated quality of life to the mother and increased maternal suicidal rate. It could also affect the long-term development of the baby. Previous studies showed controversial results on the association between breastfeeding and postpartum depression. Some suggested breastfeeding being protective against postpartum depression, while other studies did not show significant results. However, there was still no formal study in the local Chinese population about the issue. In view of that, the current study aimed at assessing the association between breastfeeding and postpartum depressive symptoms in the local Chinese population.
This was a cross-sectional study which included 600 mothers with data retrieved from MCHCs’ database. Demographic data and breastfeeding status were included in binary logistic regression analysis with Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) result of either screened positive or negative as the outcome. The odds ratio of being screened positive in EPDS with more depressive symptoms for mothers with exclusive breastfeeding, compared with mothers not on breastfeeding (OR=0.42, 95% CI=0.19, 0.93) and mothers with non-exclusive breastfeeding (OR=0.40, 95% CI=0.19, 0.85) were both statistically significant after adjusted for the demographic data. Subgroup analysis on those intended for exclusive breastfeeding shortly after delivery also showed significant results. Those who succeeded in maintaining exclusive breastfeeding at 6-8 weeks postpartum were significantly less likely to be screened positive in EPDS (OR=0.07, 95% CI=0.01, 0.41) compared to those who could not maintain exclusive breastfeeding.
This study proposed to assess whether there is an association between breastfeeding and decreased maternal postpartum depressive symptoms in local Chinese population. The results reiterated the advantages of breastfeeding and warranted more intense efforts in promoting and protecting breastfeeding. The large effect shown in the subgroup analysis highlighted the importance of maintaining exclusive breastfeeding. Since this study could only establish association, the results could not show causation and future studies should focus on establishing the temporality of causation between breastfeeding and decreased maternal postpartum depressive symptoms. Stricter adjustment for potential confounders should also be achieved with a prospective study better designed to control for temporality and time-varying confounders in the future.published_or_final_version
Public Health
Master
Master of Public Health
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Sheen, Jade, and jade sheen@deakin edu au. "Examination of the relationship between maternal depression and ADHD." Deakin University. School of Psychology, 2004. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20061208.084649.
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Thacker, Devon Gray. "Examining the impact of child disability on maternal depression." Connect to online resource, 2007. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1447685.
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Pooley, Emma L. "Maternal inbreeding depression in the Zebra Finch, Taeniopygia guttata." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2013. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/4590/.
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The aim of this project was to elucidate the mechanisms behind maternal inbreeding depression, using a model avian species, the zebra finch Taeniopygia guttata. Inbreeding can reduce the fitness of inbred animals beyond its negative effects on early survival, through reduced fecundity of inbred animals that survive to reproductive age. In particular, inbreeding has been found to cause a decline in hatching success and early survival of the offspring of inbred mothers. I examined the underlying causes of maternal inbreeding depression by observing the effects of one generation of full-sibling mating on life-history and physiological traits in the zebra finch. The aims of this project were to separate the effects of maternal inbreeding on egg production and subsequent offspring care on the fecundity of inbred females and to examine the possible underlying causes of maternal inbreeding depression. The study explored the following questions; • Does maternal inbreeding lead to a reduction in egg production, either in the number, quality or size of eggs produced? • Do inbred females reduce the level of antimicrobial proteins in their eggs compared to outbred females? • Does inbreeding lead to a reduction in either incubation attentiveness or incubation temperature in females? • Does inbreeding in the egg-laying mother lead to a decline in offspring survival or growth? • Does inbreeding in the foster mother lead to a decline in offspring survival or growth? • Do inbred birds have higher maintenance costs, i.e. higher resting metabolic rates than outbred females? After generating inbred and outbred (control) females from full-sibling and non-related pairs respectively, females were paired with unrelated outbred males at the age of around six months old. The first clutch was removed for analysis of egg production (chapter two). The females were immediately allowed to lay replacement clutches, which were cross fostered among nests of inbred and control females. I then compared incubation attentiveness between inbred and control females using this replacement clutch (chapter 3). Through the cross fostering design I was able to separate the effects of inbreeding in the egg laying (chapter 2) and incubating mother (chapter 3) on offspring viability by comparing offspring growth and survival between treatments. When the same group of females were two years old I compared the resting metabolic rate of inbred and control females by measuring oxygen consumption of resting females in an open flow respirometry system (chapter 4). In chapter two I examined the effects of inbreeding on a key stage of reproductive investment; egg production. I found a reduction in both egg mass and yolk mass in inbred females compared to control females. However, there was little evidence to suggest that the level of antimicrobials deposited to the egg differed with the inbreeding status of the female. Inbreeding in the egg laying mother was found to affect hatchling mass through interactive effects with replicate and clutch size. Inbreeding in the egg egg-laying mother also affected post-hatching survival, although this effect was mediated by hatching order. In chapter three I investigated the effects of maternal inbreeding on incubation behaviour. Inbred females reduced their incubation attentiveness, but did not reduce average incubation temperature, compared to control females. However, the overall incubation attentiveness experienced by clutches did not differ between treatments due to complete compensation by the partners of inbred females. This is perhaps why there was no significant decline in either hatching success or hatching mass of offspring cross fostered to inbred females. In chapter four I examined the effects of inbreeding on resting metabolic rate by measuring resting oxygen consumption (VO2) of inbred females compared to control females. Resting VO2 (corrected for body size) was higher in inbred compared to control females. Inbred females also showed increased central organ mass (heart plus liver) for their body size compared to control females. Resting VO2 (corrected for body size) was positively was correlated with central organ mass (corrected for body size) and negatively correlated with peripheral organ mass (corrected for body size). I also found a positive correlation between resting VO2 and the ability to evade capture (rank capture order from a flight aviary). My results suggest that the reduced survival rates of the offspring of inbred females may be caused by reductions in maternal investment, since both egg size/quality and incubation attentiveness have previously been found to positively correlate with offspring viability. The finding that resting VO2 increased with inbreeding may suggest that inbred females showed reduced maternal investment in egg production and incubation attentiveness due to higher energetic costs of self-maintenance. Resting metabolic rate has been found to be associated with a wide range of life-history traits and so this finding could have important implications for the fitness of inbred animals. These findings are novel and shed light on the previous observations that maternal inbreeding can reduce early and long-term survival of the offspring of inbred individuals in wild populations.
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Woolmore, Ashley. "Regression periods in infancy and maternal post-natal depression." Thesis, Open University, 1998. http://oro.open.ac.uk/54154/.
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van de Rijt-Plooij & Plooij (1992) have found periods of 'regressive behaviour' (Regression Periods), which accompany developmental transitions in infancy. In fullterm normal infants these periods occur at specific ages. The present study had two central aims. Firstly, to see if the Plooijs' finding of Regression Periods at 12, 17 and 26 weeks postpartum could be replicated. Secondly, to investigate the relationship between the length of Regression Periods for a control group of participants and a group of participants at heightened risk of developing insecure mother-infant attachment: mothers presenting with symptoms of post-natal depression. Forty-five mother-infant dyads participated in this prospective, longitudinal study. After seeing mothers at home, they were interviewed weekly, for approximately 15 weeks, about specific infant behaviours and their reactions to their infant. Following two types of manipulation of the data, Regression Periods for control group participants were detected at weeks 12, 16,20 and 24, whereas for participants in the post-natal depression group, Regression Periods were detected at weeks 14, 17 and 25, supporting the Plooijs' findings. Regression Periods were longer in the post-natal depression group. Depressed mothers were also less flexible in their mothering style, measured on the Facilitators & Regulators questionnaire. Based on the findings of this study, the development of insecure attachment is discussed. A clinical implication of this work is that information about Regression Periods could be made available to new-mothers, using Regression Period knowledge to focus on the prevention of insecure attachment.
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Bourdon, Brianne Juella. "Correlations between primary maternal preoccupation, maternal depression and anxiety, and infant pain behaviour self-regulation." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/54252.
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Identifying mechanisms that may underlie alteration in infant pain behaviour is important for preventing the adverse impacts of routine infant pain. While it is known that prenatal maternal depression and anxiety (MDA) predicts postnatal alteration in infant pain behaviour self-regulation, the contribution of prenatal primary maternal preoccupation (PMP) on infant pain behaviour remains unknown. The twofold aims of this secondary analysis study were to compare measures of PMP between mothers with and without MDA during the second trimester of pregnancy and relationships between and amongst prenatal MDA and PMP and postnatal infant pain behaviour self-regulation in a matched sample of 21 mother-infant dyads. Analyses of MDA were based on data from the EPDS, HAM-D, and HAM-A tools that mothers completed at second trimester and the analysis of three measures of alteration in infant pain behaviour self-regulation (strained/erratic limb movement, immobility, and weak/exhausted cry) from the original study. The analysis of PMP measures were based on the sum of PMP scale scores for each of the seven PMP behaviours and a total PMP score calculated across the seven behaviours. As hypothesized, mothers with MDA had significantly higher PMP scores at second trimester and excessive PMP predicted strained/erratic limb movement and immobility in infants with prenatal MDA exposure. These findings support and extend findings of the original study. They suggest that PMP and MDA are comorbid during pregnancy and that both may contribute to infant pain behaviour dysregulation and delay in recovery from pain. More research is required to help validate the preliminary PMP study findings. Future studies should include concurrent analysis of prenatal data from mothers (MDA, PMP) and postnatal data from mothers (caregiving behaviour, salivary cortisol) and infant (changes in heart rate, salivary cortisol, facial action, behavioural self-regulation). This will further understanding of the underlying role that MDA and PMP play on infant pain response and will help inform targeted development of infant pain interventions sensitive to the needs of mothers with prenatal mental health conditions and their infants as appropriate.Applied Science, Faculty of
Nursing, School of
Graduate
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Dahl, Rebecca Wade 1957. "Maternal depression and its relationship to maternal role-taking, infant-related stressors, and spousal support." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/558110.
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Padovani, Flavia Helena Pereira. "Indicadores emocionais de ansiedade, disforia e depressão e verbalizações maternas acerca do bebê, da amamentação e da maternidade em mães de bebês nascidos pré-termo de muito baixo peso, durante a hospitalização do bebê e após a alta, compraradas a mães de bebês nascimentos a termo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/59/59137/tde-29012007-170107/.
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O presente estudo teve por objetivo: a) avaliar os indicadores de ansiedade, disforia e depressão em um grupo de mães de bebês nascidos pré-termo de muito baixo peso (GPT) e comparar esses indicadores com os de um grupo de mães de bebês nascidos a termo (GAT); b) comparar indicadores de ansiedade, disforia e depressão de mães de bebês nascidos prétermo de muito baixo peso avaliados em dois momentos distintos, durante o período de hospitalização do bebê e após a sua alta hospitalar; c) comparar os conteúdos verbais acerca do bebê, da amamentação e da maternidade expressos pelo grupo de mães de bebês pré-termo de muito baixo peso e pelo grupo de mães de bebês a termo. O GPT foi formado por 50 mães de bebês nascidos pré-termo de muito baixo peso (?1.500 gramas), enquanto que o GAT foi composto por 25 mães de bebês nascidos a termo com peso de nascimento igual ou superior a 2.500g. Foram utilizados os seguintes instrumentos e materiais: Entrevista Clínica Estruturada para DSM III?R (SCID/NP), Inventário de Ansiedade Traço-Estado (IDATE), Inventário de Depressão de Beck (BDI), Roteiro de Entrevista, Escala de Eventos Vitais e Prontuários médicos dos bebês. Primeiramente, aplicou-se a SCID/NP para a identificação das mães com antecedentes psiquiátricos, as quais foram excluídas da amostra final. Em seguida, para o GPT foram realizadas duas sessões, durante o período de hospitalização do bebê (1a avaliação): na primeira, aplicou-se o Roteiro de Entrevista e a Escala de Eventos Vitais e na segunda, foram aplicados os instrumentos IDATE e BDI. Após a alta hospitalar do bebê, foi realizada mais uma sessão com o GPT para reaplicação do IDATE e do BDI (2a avaliação). Para o GAT, os instrumentos de avaliação foram aplicados em uma única sessão, nos primeiros dias de vida do bebê. Em relação à análise de dados, os instrumentos de avaliação de ansiedade e disforia/depressão foram corrigidos de acordo com as normas dos testes e foram realizadas as análises comparativas entre os grupos (GPT X GAT) e intra-grupo (GPT ? 1a avaliação X GPT ? 2a avaliação). As respostas maternas ao Roteiro de Entrevista foram submetidas à análise de conteúdo temático e quantificadas em termos de freqüência e porcentagem. Os resultados mostraram uma incidência de 32% das mães do GPT e 4% das mães do GAT com escores indicativos de sintomas clínicos de ansiedade do tipo estado. A análise comparativa entre os grupos mostrou diferença estatisticamente significativa entre essas incidências; no GPT houve significativamente mais mães com sintomas clínicos de ansiedade-estado do que no GAT (p=0,006). Após a alta hospitalar dos bebês, houve uma redução estatisticamente significativa do número de mães do GPT com sintomas clínicos de ansiedade-estado (1a avaliação=35%; 2a avaliação=12%; p=0,006). Quanto aos conteúdos verbais maternos expressos pelos GPT e GAT, verificou-se que, no tópico sobre questões relacionadas ao bebê, 12% das mães do GPT verbalizaram sobre reações e sentimentos maternos, focalizadas predominantemente em emoções negativas, enquanto que apenas 1% do GAT apresentou esse tipo de verbalização. No tópico sobre amamentação, o GPT expressou mais preocupações e dúvidas em relação à amamentação (46%) do que as mães do GAT (4%), relativas principalmente ao leite materno secar, acabar ou ser insuficiente para satisfazer ao bebê. No tópico sobre maternidade, por sua vez, os dois grupos apresentaram conteúdos verbais semelhantes, predominando a identificação de diversos fatores que influenciam na maternidade (GPT=41%; GAT=47%). Os achados sugerem a necessidade de se avaliar indicadores de ansiedade e disforia/depressão em mães de bebês pré-termo de muito baixo peso, internados em UTIN, a fim de subsidiar decisões sobre o suporte psicológico oferecido às mães para regulação emocional, durante o período de internação hospitalar do bebê.The aim of the present study was: a) to assess the indicators of anxiety, dysphoria and depression in a group of mothers of very low birthweight preterm neonates (GPT) and to compare these indicators with the ones of one group of mothers of fullterm neonates (GFT); b) to compare indicators of anxiety, dysphoria and depression of mothers of very low birthweight preterm neoantes that were assessed in two distinct moments, during the period of hospitalization and after their hospital discharge; c) to compare the verbal contents about the baby, the breastfeeding and the maternity that were expressed by the group of mothers of very low birthweight preterm neoantes and by the group of mothers of fullterm ones. The GPT was constituted by 50 mothers of neoantes that were born preterm and with very low birthweight (?1,500 grams), while the GFT was constituted by 25 mothers of neoantes that were born fullterm with birthweight equal or more than 2,500 grams. It was used the following instruments and materials: Structured Clinical Interview for DSM III-R Non-Patient (SCID/NP), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (IDATE), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Interview Profile, Vital Events Scale and medical chart. First, it was administrated the SCID/NP to identify the mothers with psychiatric background, which were excluded from the final sample. After this, for the GPT, it was realized two sessions, during the hospitalization period of the baby (1st assessment): in the first one, it was administrated the Interview Profile and the Vital Events Scale, and in the second one, it was administrated the instruments IDATE and BDI. After the hospital discharge of the baby, it was realized one more session with the GPT for the re-administration of IDATE and of BDI (2nd assessment). For the GFT, the assessment instruments were administrated in only one session, in the first days of the baby?s life. In relation to the data analyses, the assessment instruments of anxiety, dysphoria/depression were corrected according to the tests? norms and it was realized the comparative analyses between groups (GFT X GPT) and within groups (GPT ? 1st assessment X GPT ? 2nd assessment). The maternal answers to the Profile Interview were submitted to the thematic content analyses and were quantified in terms of frequency and percentage. The results indicated incidence of 32% of the mothers of the GPT and 4% of the mothers of the GFT with scores that indicate clinical symptoms of anxiety-state type. The comparative analyses between groups showed statistically significant differences between these incidences; in the GPT there were significantly more mothers with clinical symptoms of anxiety-state than in the GFT (p=0,006). After the babies? hospital discharge, there was a statistically significant reduction in the number of mothers of the GPT with clinical symptoms of anxiety-state (1st assessment = 35%; 2nd assessment = 12%; p = 0,006). In relation to the maternal verbal contents that were expressed by GPT and GFT, it was verified that, in the topic about questions that are related to the baby, 12% of the mothers of the GPT verbalized about maternal feelings and reactions, focused, predominantly on negative emotions, while just 1% of the GFT presented this kind of verbalization. In the topic about breastfeeding, the GPT expressed more preoccupation and doubts related to breastfeeding (46%) than the mothers of the GFT (4%), these related principally to the fact of drying the maternal milk, finishing the milk or not being enough to satisfy the baby. In the topic about maternity, though, both groups presented similar verbal contents, predominating the identification of several factors that have influence in maternity (GPT = 41%; GFT = 47%). The findings suggest the necessity of assessing indicators of anxiety and dysphoria/depression in mothers of preterm and very low birthweight infants, that are admitted in the ICU, with the objective of subsiding decisions about the psychological support that is offered to the mothers to the emotional regulation, during the period of baby?s hospital admission.
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Kinney, Marjorie [Verfasser], and Martin [Akademischer Betreuer] Hautzinger. "The Relationship between Maternal Perceptual Sensitivity and Postpartum Depression : Does Poor Maternal Perception toward Infant Signals Predict Postpartum Depression? / Marjorie Kinney ; Betreuer: Martin Hautzinger." Tübingen : Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1199546631/34.
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Hamilton, Margaret S. "Maternal depressive affect: its effect on infant affective regulation." Thesis, Boston University, 1988. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/38042.
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Thesis (D.N.S.)--Boston UniversityPLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.
This study examined the effect that maternal post partum depressive affect had on an infant's affective development at three months of age. A sample of 26 mother-infant pairs, 13 with maternal depressive symptomatology and 13 with no depressive symptomatology were compared for differences in infant affective regulation and affective responses during an age appropriate stressful interaction - the still-face interaction. The implications of this data and the potential complexity of the relationship between maternal depressive affect and infant coping behavior are discussed. Recommendations for further propective research are proposed. [TRUNCATED]
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Sheeks, Natalie Ann. "Maternal Depression and Parenting as Moderators and Mediators of Links from Neighborhood Disadvantage to Offspring Depression." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1591787473941294.
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Shay, Nicole Lynn Knutson John F. "The connection between maternal depression, parenting, and child externalizing disorders." Iowa City : University of Iowa, 2009. http://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/433.
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Leung, Nicola. "The relationship between social support, child behaviour and maternal depression /." Title page, summary and abstract only, 1999. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09SPS/09spsl653.pdf.
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Beestin, Leah. "Experiencing absence : fathering in the context of maternal postnatal depression." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.549678.
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Introduction: Being a father is able to invoke substantial social, emotional and psychological changes for men (e.g. Daly, Ashbourne& Brown, 2009; Palm, 1993). The extent and nature of these changes, and a man's global experiences of fatherhood, can be influenced by many factors (e.g. individual characteristics, and contextual issues such as work pressures and marital satisfaction). Although research has begun to examine some local contexts which might affect the nature and experience of fathering (e.g. being a teenage father or the father of an ill child), little research has explored the impact on men's paternal experiences when the mother is suffering from postnatal depression (PND). This dearth of empirical research is surprising given that maternal PND has a high incidence rate and has been identified as having significant and widespread impacts on mothers themselves, their children and their partners (Almond, 2009). Aim: The present study adopted a phenomenological perspective to understand the ways in which fathering is experienced by men whose partners are, or have been, postnatally depressed. Methods: Potential participants were recruited via PND support groups, a dads' group, family outreach workers and word of mouth. Following ethical safeguarding, in-depth and repertory grid interviews were conducted with a final sample of 14 (first-time and multiparous) fathers, aged between 25-50 years, whose partners were perceived by the men to have experienced, or to be experiencing, postnatal depression. After conducting four semi-structured interviews with participants, the decision was taken to shift the method of data collection to one which could be more participant-led, namely the narrative interview, which proved to be a highly successful method of data generation. Following transcription, all 14 in-depth interviews were subjected to Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Findings: Men's experiences of fathering in the context of maternal PND were both complex and diverse. Some men felt they were 'filling a void' which was perceived to have resulted from the mothers' withdrawal from parenting. Others felt their fathering was thwarted, as they could not conduct their paternal roles in the way they had wished. For others, the experience of maternal Pl'm was felt to have prevented a much desired sense of togetherness within the family unit. A few men felt that their experiences of fathering were relatively untouched in this context. Inherent in each of these themes was the sense that PND had created absences within the family unit which had impacted on the ways men conducted and experienced their paternal roles. The findings of the repertory grid interviews were in the main supportive of the outcomes of the interpretative phenomenological analysis of participants' accounts. The repertory grid technique was critically evaluated in light of the IPA study and some methodological limitations noted. Nevertheless, the potential in mixing the repertory grid interview with IPA research was recognised. Conclusion: The ways in which men conduct and experience fathering can be significantly and diversely affected in the context of maternal PND. Men fathering in this context may experience specific challenges, but may also experience personal development and successful adaptation to their circumstances. These findings make a compelling case for an inclusive approach to supporting families in the context of maternal PND which involves fathers, mothers and their children.
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Lothestein, Mary Anne W. "Depression and maternal attribution style in mothers of preschool children." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 1990. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1056129807.
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Gross, Christi L. "Maternal Age and Postpartum Depression During the Transition to Parenthood." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1469719216.
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McBride, Mallory Casey. "Maternal depression and child maladjustment the role of parental style /." [Missoula, Mont.] : The University of Montana, 2008. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-12062008-091608/.
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Thesis (M.A.) -- University of Montana, 2008.Title from author supplied metadata. Description based on contents viewed on July 6, 2009. Includes bibliographical references. Includes bibliographical references (p. 42-45).
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Williams, Danielle. "Relationship Between Maternal Expectations of Perinatal Care and Postpartum Depression." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/221420.
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A Thesis submitted to The University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Medicine.The incidence of postpartum depression (PPD) is estimated at 13-19%, with effects reaching far beyond the affected mother. However, its precise cause is still unknown. In this double-blinded study, a 30-question Maternal Expectations Survey (MES) was developed to explore the notion that unmet maternal expectations for labor, delivery, and the immediate postpartum period impose risk factors for PPD. The MES was administered to postpartum women at Banner Good Samaritan Medical Center; and scores were compared to those on the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), administered 6 weeks postpartum to the same women in the outpatient setting of the clinic of their attending physician. Results of this interim analysis, using Poisson regression models, indicated that there is no significant correlation between total MES score and EPDS score. Two MES queries (relating to spontaneous onset of labor and coping mechanisms during labor) are independently predictive of an increased EPDS score. With attainment of adequate power, other components of the MES may emerge as genuine risk factors for PPD and help identify women who would benefit from earlier-than-usual, pre-emptive postpartum counseling. This study also served to buttress the validity of 5 considering the presence of neonatal health complications as a risk factor for PPD; and, conversely, it identified obstetric complications, neonatal health complications and a recent stressful life event as significant predictors of an increased MES score. Additionally, the presence of a written birth plan is also a significant predictor of increased
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Shay, Nicole Lynn. "The connection between maternal depression, parenting, and child externalizing disorders." Diss., University of Iowa, 2009. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/433.
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Maternal depression has been found to be a risk factor in the development of child psychopathology (Burke, 2003) and more specifically, in the development of child externalizing disorders (Brennan et al., 2000; Hay et al., 2003; Kim-Cohen et al., 2005). The relation between maternal depression and poor parenting has also been identified in a number of contexts (Lovejoy et al., 2000; Shay & Knutson, 2008), as has the relation between poor parenting and child externalizing disorders (Morrell & Murray, 2003; Pevalin et al., 2003). Because maternal depression confers risk on parenting and child outcome, this study was an attempt to reveal the specifics of how maternal depression relates to the development of child externalizing disorders. The proposed model purports that maternal depression, mediated by trait irritability, which then leads to harsh discipline, will result in the development of Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) and Conduct Disorder (CD), but not Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). The model also purports that maternal depression, mediated by poor supervision will be associated with care neglect, as found in Knutson et al. (2005), leading to the development of ODD and CD, but not ADHD. Furthermore, it is proposed that child ADHD will not follow either the maternal depression--irritability--poor parenting pattern or maternal depression--supervisory neglect--care neglect pattern.
One-hundred thirty four economically disadvantaged mothers who were enrolled in a study of parenting were assessed for depression using both dimensional and categorical measures of current and lifetime depression. Parenting was assessed using a variety of measures which assessed supervisory neglect, care and environmental neglect, and harsh discipline. Maternal irritability not specific to discipline was assessed using the Spielberger Trait Anger Expression Inventory (Spielberger, Johnson, Russell, Crane, Jacobs, & Wordent, 1985). Child externalizing disorders were evaluated based on parent and teacher report as ADHD and a combined ODD/CD construct.
As hypothesized, child externalizing disorders were related to maternal depression. The findings of the current study indicate that the relation is not direct and that maternal depression, mediated by trait irritability, leads to poor parenting characterized by inconsistent discipline, and that this poor parenting leads to the development of child ODD and CD. Moreover, whether the index of maternal depression was based on current dimensional data or lifetime history of maternal depression, the results of the analyses supported the hypothesized relation between maternal depression and child ODD/CD. However, an unexpected direct relation between current maternal depression and child ADHD was found, whereas a lifetime history of maternal depression was unrelated to child ADHD. Nonetheless, the relation between maternal depression and child ADHD did not follow the same pattern as the relation between maternal depression and child ODD/CD. Findings suggest that maternal irritability and inconsistent parenting are central to the putative link between maternal depression and child ODD/CD and that depressed mothers should be treated in an effort to reduce the risk for development of child ODD and CD.
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Hummel, Alexandra Carlyle. "Maternal Depressive Symptoms, Maternal Behavior, and Toddler Internalizing Outcomes: A Moderated Mediation Model." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1366881153.
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Self, Joanna F. "Maternal depression and the nature of mother-toddler interaction : infant bids for engagement and maternal responsiveness /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9162.
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Orangi, Stacy Kwamboka. "Maternal depression in Khayelitsha, South Africa: a comparison of health utilisation costs of maternal depression and the cost of intervening through a task-shifting approach." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/23704.
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This study assessed the health service utilisation costs of untreated maternal depression in women early in their pregnancy in Khayelitsha, South Africa. In addition, it determined the costs of providing treatment or support to these women through a psychological intervention that was delivered by trained community health workers. This thesis was a sub-study of the AFFIRM study (Africa Focus on Intervention Research for Mental Health) whose main objective was to determine the effectiveness, acceptability, cost-effectiveness and potential sustainability of a task-shifted psychological intervention offered to depressed mothers. To determine the costs of maternal depression, health care costs were analyzed over a period of 3 months from both patient and provider perspectives; this information was obtained from participants during their first antenatal visit. These health service costs (excluding antenatal and well-baby visits) were compared between psychologically distressed pregnant women with different severity levels of depression; no depression, mild depression and moderate/severe depression. The cost of the task-shifted intervention was calculated from a provider's perspective and compared to the costs of the 'enhanced usual care' that was offered to women in the control arm. The main costs that were analyzed were the costs of screening, start-up costs, costs of the rooms and recurrent costs. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to determine the robustness of the study results. The results show that as the severity of maternal depression increases, the use of health services also increases. The health service utilisation costs among women with moderate/severe depression ($128.27 per mother/child pair per 3 month period) were almost seven times those of women who did not have depression ($19.70 per mother/child pair), amounting to a mean cost difference of $108.57. For the intervention, salaries, followed by screening costs were the major cost drivers, with screening costs amounting to $26.69 per mother screened positive. Assuming the intervention was delivered to completion without loss to follow up, the cost per mother for the intervention was $230.47 in comparison to $69.93 per mother for enhanced usual care. A sensitivity analysis showed that the screening costs were sensitive to the prevalence of maternal depression. From this study, it can be concluded that women with maternal depression use more health services and incur higher health care costs. It is possible to provide support to these women using psychological approaches that are delivered by lower level staff such as community health workers. This treatment can be affordable, depending on the budget constraints.
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Patterson, Samantha J. "Maternal Depression in the United States: A Geographic Comparison Between Geographic Regions and Rurality." DigitalCommons@USU, 2018. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7374.
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Health disparities exist between rural and urban areas but geographic comparisons of mental health are less studied and conclusive. Maternal depression has not been examined by region or rurality in the United States but might be influenced by geographic locations due to the variance of social support and healthcare available in some locations compared to others. The research focuses on (1) whether rurality increases a mother’s risk of experiencing depression and (2) if region impacts a mother’s risk of depression. I used the NESARC-III data that included three general depressive disorders: major depressive episode, major depressive disorder, and dysthymia. Regions are divided into the Northeast, Midwest, South, and the West. Rurality includes rural and urban locations. Certain demographic variables are included to control for variations by location. The research is a secondary analysis of the NESARC-III data so the research costs are limited. The statistical analysis uses step-wise logistic regression models.
The study finds that mothers do not experience depressive disorders differently between regions or rural/urban locations. A check analyzing all females shows that living in the West increases a woman’s risk of experiencing both major depressive episodes and major depressive disorders. Variables explaining the most variation between having and not having a depressive disorder are the social support variables.
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Nylen, Kimberly June. "Effects of prenatal maternal distress on reproductive outcomes." Diss., University of Iowa, 2009. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/313.
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The primary goal of the current study was to examine the association between maternal distress during pregnancy, conceptualized as stress, anxiety, and depression, and infant reproductive outcomes. It was hypothesized that women who report high levels of distress during pregnancy would be more likely to experience adverse reproductive outcomes. An additional goal of the study was to examine the hypothesis that social support and coping style moderate the association between prenatal maternal distress and birth outcomes. This study utilized a prospective, longitudinal design. Pregnant women (N = 257) completed self-report questionnaires and clinical interviews at two time points during pregnancy. Following delivery, birth weight, week of delivery, head circumference, and Apgar score were extracted from medical records. Results suggested that women who were clinically depressed during pregnancy were more likely to experience adverse birth outcomes. In addition, maternal stress, anxiety, and depression were best conceptualized as one general "distress" factor, which did not predict variance in birth outcomes over and above demographic variables. However, when self-report measures were considered individually, they decreased over the course of pregnancy, and were associated with birth outcomes, particularly at time 2. Significant interactions between maternal distress and social support, as well as maternal distress and coping emerged as predictors of birth outcomes. Results suggest that women with high levels of stress, who also have small support networks, are at higher risk of adverse birth outcomes than women with large networks, who were relatively insulated from effects of higher distress. This study points to the need for ongoing assessment of maternal distress and resources throughout pregnancy, such that women at risk for adverse birth outcomes can be identified and supported as soon as possible.
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Martins, Rita Aparecida Oliveira. "A depressão materna do pós-parto: algumas compreensões e outros nevoeiros." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2006. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/15475.
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Previous issue date: 2006-05-29The psychological and medical clinics have evidenced that a significant part of the women go through some form of depression after childbirth. Researches show that Puerperal depression occurs in 10-15% of women in the general population; in 60% of these women it represents the first severe form of depression. This case study intends to understand the psychodynamism in the puerperal depression, its etiology and its significance in the mother s history. The clinical material presented is from a psychological evaluation process that had continuity with a psychoanalytical clinical work. The theoretical work was based on general bibliographical research and psychoanalysis authors. We researched about the diagnosis of the puerperal depression and its etiology. We discussed about the environment and the societies (historically) interference in the intercurrences of the maternity, such as depression. We also recognized that the way each postpartum women history life constitutes would excessively influence in the childbirth and in the puerperal. The maternity reactivates the infancy experiences and, mainly, the primary of the psychic life. The puerperal depression can appear as result of imperfections in the primitive emotional development of the postpartum women, mainly with those related to the experience of the depressive position, to the primary narcissism and the constitution of superego, and, especially, to the experience had in her birth. The puerperal depression and maternity study are very important because it contributes with the clinical practice, with all professionals involved with mental health, and with the organizations that searches for general population intervention
As clínicas psicológica e médica têm constatado que uma parte significativa das mulheres passa por alguma forma de depressão decorrente da maternidade. Pesquisas mostram que a depressão puerperal afeta 10% a 15% das mulheres em geral; para 60% dessas mulheres constitui-se como o primeiro episódio de depressão. O presente estudo pretende compreender o psicodinamismo na depressão puerperal, sua etiologia e significação na história da mãe. Buscamos realizar tal objetivo, através do estudo de um caso. O material clínico aqui apresentado é oriundo de um processo de avaliação psicológica que teve continuidade com um trabalho clínico psicanalítico. A articulação teórica se realizou com o levantamento bibliográfico geral e com autores da psicanálise. Abordamos o diagnóstico da depressão puerperal e sua etiologia. Discutimos sobre a participação do ambiente e das sociedades (historicamente) nas intercorrências da maternidade, entre elas, a depressão. Também, reconhecemos que a maneira como se constitui a história de vida de cada puérpera influenciará sobremaneira nos desdobramentos do parto e puerpério. A maternidade reativa as vivências da infância e, principalmente, dos primórdios da vida psíquica. A depressão puerperal pode surgir como decorrência de falhas no desenvolvimento emocional primitivo da puérpera, principalmente com aquelas relacionadas à vivência da posição depressiva, aos desdobramentos do narcisismo primário e da constituição do superego, e, especialmente, à experiência que teve no seu próprio nascimento. As pesquisas voltadas para o estudo da depressão puerperal e da maternidade são importantes, porque podem contribuir com a prática clínica, com os demais profissionais envolvidos com saúde mental e com as organizações que buscam uma intervenção sobre a população em geral
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Gous, Anna Maria Janette. "The ghosts in the nursery : the maternal representations of a woman who killed her baby." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2004. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-08252005-104948.
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Krech, Kathryn H. "The relationship of stress and depressed mood to maternal reactions." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/30058.
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Models of parenting are becoming increasingly complex. The domain has evolved from a simple parent behavior - child behavior paradigm to one which considers systemic influences. Contextual variables, such as life stress and depressed mood, are beginning to receive much attention in the literature. Also, researchers have noted the importance of measuring parent cognition (i.e., perceptions) and affect in addition to acquiring information regarding parent behavior. The present study was designed to explore the role played by two levels of stress; global life events and daily hassles, and by depressed mood, in determining maternal affective, behavioral and cognitive responses to child behavior.
A community sample of 66 single mothers participated in the study. Mothers read 12 descriptions of child behavior, each embedded in one of three contexts of stress (i.e., global life event context, daily hassles context, no stress context). The sample was divided into three groups (n=22) on the basis of scores on a standard mood instrument. Only those mothers who received scores in the two extreme groups (i.e., depressed mood and nondepressed mood) were included in the main analyses. A two-way repeated measures MANOVA revealed a main effect for stress, but not for mood, when the BDI was used to create the groups. When the CES-D was utilized, a main effect for stress, and for mood, was detected. No significant stress by mood interaction was observed. Follow-up univariate ANOVAS and multiple comparision tests revealed that the daily hassles context had a greater influence on maternal responses to child behavior than did the global life events context. That is, mothers were more affectively aroused, indicated a more intense anticipated behavioral reaction and perceived the child behavior to be more deviant, in the daily hassles condition compared to the other conditions. In addition, mothers who reported more depressed mood indicated greater affective responsiveness to the child behavior vignettes than mothers who did not report depressed mood. The results are discussed in terms of empirical and applied implications.Arts, Faculty of
Psychology, Department of
Graduate
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Spee, Grace A. "The intergenerational transmission of depression: Examining the relationship between depression and parenting traits." Kent State University Honors College / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ksuhonors1366577005.
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Hruska, Laura C. "Co-rumination in Mother-Adolescent Dyads: The Role of Maternal Depression." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1428264053.
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Lim-Ashworth, S. "Longitudinal pathways of emotion regulation, maternal depression and early childhood psychopathology." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2016. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1522029/.
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Emotion regulation (ER) is complex and can implicate numerous outcomes within a child’s environment. It is a valuable framework in conceptualising adaptive and maladaptive functioning in children (Cicchetti, Ackerman, & Izard, 1995). The current thesis provides a developmental account of ER and addresses a number of critical questions in three parts. Part one is a meta-analysis of 17 studies. It investigated the effectiveness of ER interventions for children which was found to improve regulatory abilities as well as behavioural and clinical outcomes, compared to having no treatment or an alternative treatment. Factors such as age, duration and sample origin did not differentiate treatment gains. The majority of the included studies had interventions that were group-based and informed by CBT principles. Part two describes an empirical study utilising prospective observational data to examine preschoolers’ ER, over time, and its interaction with maternal depression on subsequent externalising and internalising behaviours. ER was represented by emotion reactivity, social regulation and redirected attention. It was assessed at age 15, 26 and 37 months. The three ER indices were not significant precursors of later emotional and behavioural symptoms. However, lower emotion reactivity at 15 months was found to intensify the direct influence of maternal depression on externalising but not internalising problems. Coding of the ER variables was jointly completed with another trainee. Part three presents a critical appraisal of the dissertation process. A discussion on the choice of research topic, learning points and challenges encountered was included. It concludes with a consideration of childhood ER from the perspective of culture.
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Fineberg, Anna. "Maternal Stress During Pregnancy and Adolescent Depression: Spotlight on Sex Differences." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2016. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/395797.
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PsychologyPh.D.
Maternal stress during pregnancy has been repeatedly associated with lasting changes in offspring physiology and behavior. Despite evidence linking maternal stress during pregnancy to premorbid abnormalities associated with depression, such as difficult temperament, cognitive deficits, and, in animal studies, brain abnormalities and biological profiles linked to depression, very few studies have examined maternal stress during pregnancy in relation to offspring depression itself and no study has examined sex differences in this association. The current study used data from 1,711 mother-offspring dyads enrolled in a longitudinal birth cohort study. Maternal narratives collected during pregnancy provided a direct, prospective measure of maternal stress during pregnancy and were qualitatively coded for stressful life events and stress-related themes by two independent raters. Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to identify distinct subgroups of offspring based on exposure to maternal psychosocial stress during pregnancy and other known developmental factors from the prenatal, childhood, and adolescent periods that have been previously associated with depression and/or maternal stress during pregnancy. To examine sex differences, LCA was conducted separately for males and females. Subgroups derived from the LCA were compared to determine whether and to what extent they differed on adolescent depressive symptoms. LCA revealed a subgroup of “high risk” females, characterized by higher maternal ambivalence/negativity about the pregnancy, lower levels of maternal positivity about the pregnancy, higher levels of reported routine daily hassles during pregnancy, lower levels of maternal education, higher maternal age, higher maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), higher levels of maternal worry about finances and health concerns during childhood, higher levels of inhibition and conduct symptoms during childhood, decreased cognitive functioning during childhood and adolescence, lower levels of perceived paternal and maternal support during adolescence, and higher levels of maternal depression during adolescence. These high risk females exhibited elevated depressive symptoms during adolescence relative to both the “low risk” female group and the mean of the sample. A subgroup of males defined by similar indicators was not found to have elevated depressive symptoms during adolescence. Our findings appear to be in line with an emerging body of evidence suggesting that prenatal stress may have a lasting and sex-specific influence on offspring development.
Temple University--Theses
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Atif, Maria. "Factors associated with perinatal depression in Pakistan." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2022. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/29322.
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There is little data on the burden of perinatal depression in Pakistan. This research aimed to provide estimates of the prevalence of perinatal depression, identify the risk factors, and understand the experiences and perceptions of perinatal depression in the Pakistani population. A systematic review and meta-analysis, two cross-sectional studies, and a qualitative study were conducted. A systematic review methodology was used to calculate estimates of the prevalence of perinatal depression in Pakistan. For the cross-sectional studies, recent parents completed a questionnaire, including the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Qualitative interviews were conducted with recent parents about their experiences of perinatal depression. The meta-analysis estimated a pooled prevalence of maternal depression (30.0%-37.0%). Intimate partner violence, unintended pregnancy, poor relationship with spouse, and low-income were risk factors for perinatal depression. The maternal cross-sectional study reported that 35.2% and 34.3% of participants scored more than 12 on the EPDS during the antenatal and postnatal periods respectively. Intimate partner violence, sleep disturbance, adverse life events, and unplanned pregnancy were predictors of antenatal depression. Antenatal depression, financial hardship, and a lack of support were predictors of postnatal depression. The paternal cross-sectional study found that 23.5% of participants scored more than 10 on the EPDS during the postnatal period. A depressed spouse and own sleep disturbance were predictors of paternal depression. The qualitative study reported that a lack of understanding of perinatal mental health issues, disturbed sleep, emotional stressors, and financial burdens were stressors during the perinatal period. This research concludes that perinatal depression is prevalent in the Pakistani population and there is a need to raise awareness about perinatal depression in Pakistan
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Alrumaih, Ali M. S. "Early environments and neurobehavioural programming: Therapeutic actions of antidepressants. Neurobehavioural programming during development." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/6317.
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Following decades of research on stress and its impact on behaviour, it is now widely accepted that selective psycho-pathologies, in particular clinical depression are more prevalent in humans with prior history of life-stress events. Interest in stress has led to questions about how it might affect the physiology and behaviour of animals exposed indirectly during gestational development. Not unexpectedly gestational stress has been shown to affect the offspring in several ways: endocrine responses to stress are elevated, fear, arousal and affective disturbances are all subject to vary if the pregnant animal is subjected to periods of aversive stimulation.
Beginning in 1997, Michael Meaney of McGill University produced a series of publications suggesting that peri-natal events influence offspring and infant development, not via physical discomfort or physiological disturbance, but does so through modifications of maternal behaviour. Highly nurturant mothers (those who engage in active arched-back nursing (ABN), and spend more time licking and grooming (L/G) their pups), programme their offspring with improved cognitive abilities, decreased anxiety and fear, and reduced HPA axis hormone secretion. Low-nurturant mothers, who engage in less ABN and less L/G, tend to programme the opposite responses in their offspring. Our initial foray into this field was to investigate if gestational stress might also produce responses in the offspring via changes in maternal behaviour, and indeed ABN and L/G were reduced in dams which were subjected to gestational stress. We queried why stressed Dams would be less maternal towards their infants, and tested gestationally-stressed Dams in the Porsolt test for depressive-like behaviour. Our results suggested that these stressed Dams were actually depressed and this resulted in less maternal behaviour. Human mothers with depression are also less maternal and have been shown to divest themselves of infant care much like our prenatally-stressed Dams. On this basis we have proposed that gestational stress induced decrements in maternal behaviour represent a novel rat model for postnatal depression with face and construct validities.
In the present work we have attempted to replicate the findings of Smythe¿s group (Smith et al., 2004), and have investigated the potential for antidepressants to alter the influence of gestational stress on maternal behaviours and depressive-like response, and whether or not the offspring¿ are modified by maternal treatment with ant-depressants. Approximately 140 time-mated, lister hooded rats were generated in house, and subjected to gestational stress on days 10-20 (1hr restraint/day) or remained undisturbed in their home cages. Following birth, cohorts of control and stressed Dams were administered vehicle or an antidepressant (imipramine 15mg/kg; or sertraline 10mg/kg) once daily until postnatal day 10.
We assessed maternal Porsolt activity, nurturance (ABN, L/G, nest building) and anxiety-like behaviour in the elevated plus maze (EPM). Representative offspring of each Dam¿s treatment conditions were maintained post weaning and assessed in the Porsolt and EPM to determine if any changes in maternal behaviour elicited by the antidepressants altered their behavioural programming. Our findings confirm that Dams show depressive-like symptoms following gestational stress, and that administration of antidepressants to the Dams reduces depressive-like behaviour and increased maternal care.
We propose that rat gestational stress is a putative model for human postnatal depression. Prenatal stress effects on maternal behaviour in the rat Dam represent a novel, and innovative model for human postnatal depression.Ministry of Defence, Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences and the Saudi Culture Bureau
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Mesquita, Paula Casagranda. "A representação materna em crianças com mães depressivas." Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2013. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/3531.
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Esta dissertação de Mestrado em Psicologia Clínica buscou compreender a representação materna na perspectiva de crianças cujas mães apresentam problemas de saúde mental, no caso o Transtorno Depressivo. Para tal, foram investigados aspectos maternos relativos a manifestações clínicas das mães e também à compreensão de características intrapsíquicas ligadas à qualidade das relações objetais maternas. Ainda foram analisadas as manifestações clínicas infantis, bem como a identificação da expressividade emocional, dos processos defensivos, das estratégias de resolução de conflitos, indicativos de comportamento social e conflitos familiares. Esse estudo foi pautado pela abordagem qualitativa, adotando-se o procedimento de Estudos de Casos Múltiplos. Participaram desta pesquisa cinco duplas de mãe-criança. As crianças tinham uma faixa etária entre 7 e 11 anos. Para essa investigação foram utilizadas a entrevista semiestruturada, a ficha de dados sociodemográficos, o Inventário de Depressão de Beck (BDI), Bell Object Relations and Reality Testing Inventory (BORRTI-O), o Child Behavior Checklist(CBCL), o MacArthur Story Stem Battery (MSSB) e o Teste do Desenho da Família. Conforma a análise qualitativa, foi possível constatar que essas crianças apresentam a representação de uma mãe disciplinadora com dificuldades na expressão do afeto. As crianças também indicaram resultados clínicos em sintomas de internalização e sofrimento emocional. Ainda, desenvolveu-se um artigo de revisão conceitual e do instrumental com o objetivo de discutir as bases conceituais do constructo da representação parental, bem como analisar as possibilidades de avaliação das representações infantis, a partir das narrativas do MacArthur Story Stem Battery. Considera-se que esta dissertação pode contribuir para a ampliação das reflexões acerca da representação materna em crianças cujas mães apresentam problemas de saúde mental, abrindo espaço de aprimoramento e discussão sobre essa questão, na busca por estratégias de prevenção e intervenção em famílias que vivenciam esta problemática.
This Master’s Degree thesis in clinical psychology aims to comprehend the maternal representation from the child’s - whose mothers have mental issues (Depressive Disorder) - perspective. Therefore, maternal aspects related to clinical manifestations of the mothers and also to the comprehension of intrapsychic characteristics associated with the quality of the maternal object relationships have been investigated. Yet, the clinical manifestations of the children as well as the identification of the emotional expression, the defensive processes, the strategies in conflict management, social behavior signs and famil y conflicts have been analyzed. This is a qualitative study - in a multiple-choice case-study procedure – in which five mothers and their children, aged between 7 and 11, participated. A semi-structured interview, Socio-demographics data analysis, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Bell Object Relations and Reality Testing Inventory (BORRTI-O), Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), MacArthur Story Stem Battery (MSSB) and the family drawing test have been used for this investigation. According to the qualitative analysis, it was possible to verify that these children have a representation of a disciplinarian mother who has difficulties in expressing affection and clinical results such as internalization and emotional suffering. A conceptual and instrumental review article was developed aiming to discuss theconceptual basis of the construct of the parental representation and to analyze the possibilities to evaluate the child representations based on the narratives of MacArthur Story Stem Battery. This dissertation can contribute to enlarge the reflections on maternal representation in children whose mothers have mental health problems, providing a refinement and a discussion opportunity aiming prevention and intervention strategies in families who live this problem.
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Copês, Fabiana Silveira. "Relação entre a probabilidade de depressão pós-parto com o tempo de aleitamento materno em diferentes ambientes intrauterinos." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/143362.
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Objetivou-se nesse estudo relacionar a probabilidade de desenvolvimento de depressão pós-parto e o tempo de aleitamento materno em diferentes ambientes intrauterinos. Trata-se de um estudo observacional longitudinal composto por 229 pares mães-bebês selecionadas em dois hospitais públicos em Porto Alegre/RS, do nascimento até os 6 meses de vida da criança. As mães foram recrutadas e entrevistadas pessoalmente nos hospitais até 48h após o parto. As entrevistas com 7, 15, 90 dias foram realizadas no domicílio e as entrevistas com 30 e 180 dias no hospital. Para testar as associações entre o desfecho e as variáveis, teste qui-quadrado, correlação de Pearson e análise de Variância ou Kruskal-Wallis foram realizados. Para as análises multivariadas, modelos de regressões e matrizes de covariâncias foram feitas. No presente estudo, observou-se que a idade da mãe >20 anos é um fator importante para o desmame precoce e mostrou-se associado de forma significativa, com o desfecho, aos 4 meses de vida da criança: risco relativo =0,680; intervalo de confiança de 95%=[0,457-1,010] e p=0,05. Ao longo do seguimento, nos 6 meses da criança, esta variável não se manteve significativa: risco relativo=0,73; intervalo de confiança de 95%=[0,516-1,048] e p=0,08. O tempo médio de aleitamento materno foi de 158 dias. Observou-se que a probabilidade de depressão foi de 18,3%, 16,3% e 9,1% no 1º, 3º e 6º mês respectivamente. Observou-se que a situação conjugal (p=0,024), gestação planejada (p=0,002), gravidez anterior (p=0,02) e escolaridade da mãe e do pai (p=0,009 e 0,04) tem relação com a probabilidade de depressão pós-parto. Analisando os achados deste estudo verificou-se que não existe associação entre depressão pós-parto e o tempo de aleitamento materno em diferentes ambientes intrauterinos. A probabilidade de depressão não está relacionada com o tempo de aleitamento materno. A depressão pode ser associada com fatores sociais, independentes do aleitamento materno. Idade das mães maior que 20 anos está relacionada com a não manutenção da amamentação nos primeiros meses de vida da criança.This study aimed to correlate the probability of postpartum depression development and maternal breastfeeding duration intrauterine in different environments. It is an observational and longitudinal study, consisting of 229 mother-child pairs selected in two public hospital in Porto Alegre/RS, from birth to 6 months of child’s life. Mothers were recruited and interviewed personally within 48 hours in hospitals after delivery. Interviews with 7, 15, 90 days were carried out at home and interviews with 30 and 180 days at the hospital. For assessing associations between the outcome and the explanatory variables, Chi-square and variance or Kruskal-Wallis analyzes were performed. For multivariate analysis, regression models and covariance matrices were made. It was observed that the mother’s age above 20 years is an important factor for early weaning, being it significantly associated with maternal breastfeeding duration, at 4 months: relative risk =0.680; confidence interval of 95%=[0.457-1.010] and p=0.05. At 6 months follow-up, this variable did not remain significant: relative risk =0.73; confidence interval of 95%=[0.516-1.048] and p=0.08. The mean duration of breastfeeding practice was 158 days. It was observed that maternal postpartum depression probability was 18.3%, 16.3% and 9.1% in the 1st, 3rd and 6th months, respectively. It was observed that the marital status (p=0.024), planned pregnancy (p=0.002), previous pregnancy (p=0.02) and educational level of the mother and father (p=0.009 and 0.04, respectively) are related to the probability of postpartum depression development. No associations were found between postpartum depression probability and maternal breastfeeding duration in different intrauterine environments. Taken together, maternal postpartum depression probability could be associated with other social factors, independent of breastfeeding, and maternal age above 20 years is associated with no longer breastfeeding duration in the first month after birth.
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Stewart, Robert Charles. "Maternal common mental disorder in Malawi, Africa." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/25898.
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Background: Maternal common mental disorder (CMD), characterised by depression, anxiety and somatic symptoms of distress, is known to be an important health problem in low-and-middle-income countries, but had not been investigated in Malawi, Africa. In preliminary work, we adapted a CMD screening measure and showed that post-partum CMD was common and associated with child stunting. In the research presented here, we expanded the investigation of CMD in Malawi to include pregnant women and mothers of children with severe acute malnutrition (SAM). Using validated measures, we aimed to estimate the prevalence of antenatal CMD/depression and investigate its relationship to social support and intimate partner violence. Secondly, we sought to explore women’s lived experiences of the perinatal period. Finally, we investigated CMD amongst mothers of children admitted with SAM and other life-threatening illness and, in the former, we tested the hypothesis that maternal CMD would be associated with impaired child recovery. Method: In an antenatal clinic-based study, we validated and compared Chichewa and Chiyao versions of the Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ) and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) using major depressive episode (MDE) as the criterion diagnosis. We adapted and validated the Multi-dimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS). We measured the prevalence of antenatal MDE and identified associated factors. We conducted focus group discussions with women and enquired about perinatal stressors and supports. We administered the SRQ to mothers of children with SAM during admission to a nutritional rehabilitation unit (NRU) and at 1-month post-discharge, and investigated whether CMD was a risk factor for lower child weight gain at follow-up. In a subsequent study, we compared levels of CMD symptoms between mothers of children admitted to a NRU, a high dependency unit and an oncology ward. Results: We found that the adapted EPDS and SRQ were both valid screening instruments for antenatal CMD/depression. The weighted prevalence of antenatal MDE was 10.7% (95% CI 6.9% - 14.5%). The adapted MSPSS showed adequate test characteristics and differentiated between sources of social support. MDE was associated with lack of support by a significant other; intimate partner violence moderated this association. We found that women in rural Malawi recognised depressive and anxious states in the perinatal period and identified lack of partner support as a key stressor. During admission with a severely malnourished child to a NRU, mothers had very high SRQ scores that greatly reduced post-discharge. There was no association between SRQ score and child weight gain at follow-up. We found no higher level of CMD symptoms amongst mothers of children admitted for treatment of SAM compared with those admitted to other wards. Conclusions: We demonstrated that measures of antenatal CMD and perceived social support can be adapted for use in Malawi. We found that maternal CMD is common and associated with lack of social support, intimate partner violence and child illness. We did not find evidence for a specific association between maternal CMD and child SAM but further prospective studies are required. Our findings suggest that treatment of CMD in mothers in Malawi will require attention to social support and partner behaviour.
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Klinger, Meghan Shapiro. "The Influence of Depression and Employment Status on Maternal Use of Spanking." Xavier University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=xavier1497365137940756.
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Costa, Raquel João Magro. "A relação entre o envolvimento paterno e a depressão materna." Master's thesis, ISPA - Instituto Universitário, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.12/2825.
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Dissertação de Mestrado em Psicologia Clínica apresentada ao ISPA - Instituto UniversitárioO presente estudo tem como objectivo analisar a relação entre o envolvimento paterno e a depressão materna. No que diz respeito à participação do pai, num contexto de depressão materna, o papel da figura paterna pode ser encarado como moderador efeitos da depressão da mãe, no desenvolvimento infantil. No estudo participaram 130 crianças em idade-pré escolar (3- 5 anos), 68 eram do género feminino e 62 do género masculino.Para a recolha de dados foram utilizados dois questionários: Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation – Outcome Measure (CORE-OM) e Escala de envolvimento parental: Actividades de cuidados e socialização (Monteiro, Veríssimo,& Pessoa e Costa, 2008).Os resultados evidenciaram que no estudo não existe relação entre o envolvimento paterno e a depressão materna.
ABSTRACT: The present study aims to analyze the relationship between parental involvement and maternal depression. With regard to the participation of the father in the context of maternal depression, the role of the father figure can be seen as a moderator of the effects of mother's depression on child development. The study involved 130 children in preschool age (3-5 years): 68 were female and 62 were males. For data collection, we used 2 questionnaires: Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation - Outcome Measure (CORE-OM) and Escala de envolvimento parental: Actividades de cuidados e socialização (Monteiro, Veríssimo,& Pessoa e Costa, 2008). The results showed that in this study there is no relationship between paternal involvement and maternal depression.
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Dib, Eloisa Pelizzon [UNESP]. "Interação mãe-bebê: implicações da ansiedade e depressão materna crônica." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/141526.
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Há evidencias na literatura mostrando que depressão e ansiedade crônica materna têm reflexos nas relações da díade mãe-criança e acabam afetando a interação. Neste estudo, pretendeu-se identificar as características da interação de crianças de um ano e suas mães, portadoras de sintomas de ansiedade ou depressão crônica, comparando-as com as características interativas de díades em que a mãe não apresentou problemas de saúde mental. A amostra foi composta por 40 díades mães/bebês selecionadas de um estudo de coorte prospectivo anterior, em que elas foram avaliadas quanto à ansiedade, pela escala IDATE traço/estado e depressão pelo Inventário de Depressão de Beck (BDI), em três momentos: na gestação, aos 6 e 14 meses de vida do bebê. Formaram-se três grupos: 10 mães com sintomas de ansiedade crônica, 8 mães com sintomas de depressão crônica e 22 mães no grupo controle, sem problemas de saúde mental, nas três avaliações. As mães responderam a um questionário socioeconômico e em seguida foi gravado um episódio interativo da díade, de 7 minutos, avaliando-se cada minuto, a partir das categorias sugeridas do Protocolo de Avaliação de Interação Diádica (NUDIF). Dois observadores independentes categorizaram as observações e foi calculado o índice de fidedignidade. Após análise descritiva dos dados, se realizou associação estatística entre os sintomas maternos crônicos e interação mãe/filho. Houve alta correlação entre as categorias de comportamentos maternos e as categorias de comportamentos infantis, caracterizando o episódio como interativo. Identificou-se que quanto mais sensíveis, estimuladoras e positivamente afetivas eram as mães, as crianças se mostravam mais envolvidas e integradas, demonstravam mais afeto positivo. Ao comparar os comportamentos interativos nos três grupos, pode-se observar que mães com sintomas de depressão crônica foram significativamente menos sensíveis, mais desengajadas e demonstravam menos afeto positivo que as mães do grupo controle. Elas também estimulavam menos e demonstravam mais afeto negativo, quando comparadas tanto com grupo controle quando com grupo com sintomas ansiosos crônicos. As mães do grupo controle, por sua vez, apresentaram menor intrusividade quando comparadas tanto com as mães do grupo com sintomas ansiosos, quanto com grupo de depressão crônica. Quanto às crianças, os filhos de mães com sintomas de depressão crônica interagiram significativamente menos que mães com sintomas crônicos de ansiedade e controle. Os resultados alertam para atenção especial em nível de políticas públicas voltadas para identificação precoce de problemas da saúde mental materna, fim de minimizar ao máximo suas consequências para a interação mãe/bebe.
There are evidences in the literature indicating that chronic maternal anxiety and depression have influence over a mother-child relationship and then it affects the interaction. This study aims to identify characteristics in the interaction between one-year children and their mothers, who have symptoms of chronic depression or anxiety, and to compare them with characteristics in the interaction of pairs with mothers who did not have mental health problems. A sample was composed of 40 mother/child pairs selected from a previous prospective cohort study where they were evaluated for anxiety, with state-trait anxiety inventory (STAI), and for depression, with Beck's depression inventory (BDI), at three instants: on pregnancy, at a baby’s 6-month and 14-month of life. Those mothers who scored in all the three evaluations were considered chronic patients. Three groups were formed: 10 mothers with chronic anxiety symptoms, 8 mothers with chronic depression symptoms, and 22 mothers with no mental health problem. First, all mothers filled out a social economic survey. Following the survey, a 7-minute interactive episode of one pair was recorded and categorized minute by minute through categories suggested at the Dyadic Interaction Assessment Form (NUDIF) by two independent investigators. After a descriptive data analysis, an inferential statistical analysis was performed. Correlation was high between maternal behaviors and child behaviors, and the episode was deemed interactive. It was noted that the more sensitive, stimulating and positively affective mothers were, the more integrated and involved the children acted, showing more positive affection. Comparing the three groups, mothers with chronic depression symptoms were significantly less sensitive, showed less positive affection and had less involvement in the interaction when compared with mothers in chronic anxiety symptom group and control group. On the other hand, children of chronic depressive mothers took part in the interaction less than children in other groups. Regarding the group of mothers with chronic anxiety symptoms, their children’s behaviors and their own behaviors were similar to those in the control group. Results of this study emphasize that maternal mental health has been a problem requiring special attention from public policies for its early identification, improvement in assistance and treatment, in order to minimize as low as possible the consequences in the mother/baby interaction.
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Kallos-Lilly, A. Veronica. "A longitudinal study on the impact of maternal depression on child adjustment." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq26126.pdf.
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Seidman, Samuel B. "MATERNAL DEPRESSION AND ADOLESCENT ATTENTION TO SELF- OR OTHER-DIRECTED EMOTIONAL FACES." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1592405794446669.
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