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Journal articles on the topic 'Maternal cognition'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 24 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Rana, Meenal, and Sudha Chhikara. "Maternal Support Systems and Maternal Cognition: Determinants of Cognitive Development of Young Children." Journal of Human Ecology 10, no. 4 (July 1999): 289–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09709274.1999.11907493.

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2

Carter, RC, JL Jacobson, and SW Jacobson. "Fertility treatments, maternal intelligence, and child cognition." BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology 121, no. 13 (June 16, 2014): 1652. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1471-0528.12928.

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3

Wade, Mark, Chris Moore, Janet Wilde Astington, Kristen Frampton, and Jennifer M. Jenkins. "Cumulative contextual risk, maternal responsivity, and social cognition at 18 months." Development and Psychopathology 27, no. 1 (July 14, 2014): 189–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579414000674.

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AbstractBy 18 months children demonstrate a range of social–cognitive skills that can be considered important precursors to more advanced forms of social understanding such as theory of mind. Although individual differences in social cognition have been linked to neurocognitive maturation, sociocultural models of development suggest that environmental influences operate in the development of children's social–cognitive outcomes. In the current study of 501 children and their mothers, we tested and found support for a model in which distal environmental risk, assessed when children were newborns, was indirectly associated with children's social–cognitive competency at 18 months through mothers' responsivity at 18 months. Part of this effect also operated through children's concomitant language skills, suggesting both a language-mediated and a language-independent mechanism of social–cognitive development. These findings are discussed with respect to the Vygotskian themes of internalization and semiotic mediation.

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Oken, Emily, Lewis E. Braverman, Deborah Platek, Marvin L. Mitchell, Stephanie L. Lee, and Elizabeth N. Pearce. "Neonatal Thyroxine, Maternal Thyroid Function, and Child Cognition." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 94, no. 2 (February 1, 2009): 497–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2008-0936.

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5

Simmons, Jane, Myra J. Cooper, Jonquil Drinkwater, and Anne Stewart. "Cognitive Schemata in Depressed Adolescent Girls and Their Mothers." Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 34, no. 2 (February 9, 2006): 219–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1352465805002766.

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Schemata (and other cognitions) were investigated in depressed adolescent girls and their mothers and were compared to those in a control group. Links between adolescent and maternal cognitions were also examined. There were 14 girls and mothers in the clinical group and 15 in the control group. The depressed adolescents had higher total scores on a measure of schemata than the control adolescents, and higher scores on several of its sub-scales. They also scored more highly on two other measures of cognition (dysfunctional attitudes and negative automatic thoughts). The mothers of the depressed adolescents were more depressed than mothers of control adolescents. However, the two groups of mothers did not differ on the measures of cognition, including schemata. Depression and schemata in adolescents were related to these variables in their mothers but only in the depressed group. Possible explanations for the findings, including the nature of the link between mood and cognition in the groups studied, are considered. Implications for cognitive theory and therapy in depressed adolescents are briefly discussed.

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6

Lai, Jun S., M. Na’im Mohamad Ayob, Shirong Cai, Phaik Ling Quah, Peter D. Gluckman, Lynette P. Shek, Fabian Yap, et al. "Maternal plasma vitamin B12 concentrations during pregnancy and infant cognitive outcomes at 2 years of age." British Journal of Nutrition 121, no. 11 (April 2, 2019): 1303–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114519000746.

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AbstractEvidence on long-term influences of maternal vitamin B12 deficiency or concentrations on infant cognition is limited. We examined associations between maternal plasma vitamin B12 and cognitive development in 24-month-old infants. Maternal plasma vitamin B12 concentrations were measured at 26–28 weeks’ gestation; infant cognitive development was assessed with the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development-III at 24 months, for 443 mother–infant pairs from the Growing Up in Singapore Towards Healthy Outcomes cohort. Linear regressions adjusted for key confounders examined associations of maternal vitamin B12 with cognitive, receptive and expressive language, fine and gross motor subscales. Co-occurrence of maternal vitamin B12 with folate or vitamin B6 insufficiencies on child’s cognition was explored. Average maternal plasma vitamin B12 concentrations was 220·5 ± 80·5 pmol/l; 15 % and 41 % of mothers were vitamin B12 deficient (<148 pmol/l) and insufficient (148–220·9 pmol/l), respectively. Infants of mothers with vitamin B12 deficiency had 0·42 (95 % CI −0·70, −0·14) sd lower cognitive scores, compared with infants of mothers with sufficient vitamin B12. Co-occurrence of maternal vitamins B12 and B6 insufficiencies was associated with 0·37 (95 % CI −0·69, −0·06) sd lower cognitive scores in infants compared with infants of mothers sufficient in both vitamins. No significant associations were observed with other subscales. Study findings suggest the possible need to ensure adequate vitamin B12 during pregnancy. The impact of co-occurrence of maternal B-vitamins insufficiencies on early cognitive development warrants further investigation.

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Jennings, Kay Donahue, and Robin E. Connors. "Mothers' Interactional Style and Children's Competence at 3 Years." International Journal of Behavioral Development 12, no. 2 (June 1989): 155–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016502548901200202.

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This study asked how mothers' style of interaction related to their children's competence-both competence on traditional cognitive tests and competence during play. Forty-four mothers and their 3-year-old children were observed in their homes while engaged in structured and unstructured tasks and unstructured play. Maternal directiveness and affective tone were assessed, as well as maternal perceptions of their children's intrinsic motivation. At school the children were given the McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities, and their play was observed. Results indicated that both maternal directiveness and affective tone related to children's cognition, particularly nonverbal cognition; in addition, maternal affective tone related to children's play. Theoretical models of the development of children's competence were evaluated by means of path analysis. For perceptual performance ability, direct paths of influence were found for maternal directiveness and socioeconomic status (SES); whereas for children's verbal ability, direct paths were found for maternal affective tone, maternal perceptions, and SES. Direct paths of influence were also found from maternal affective tone and directiveness to children's play.

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8

Monthé-Drèze, Carmen, Sheryl L. Rifas-Shiman, Diane R. Gold, Emily Oken, and Sarbattama Sen. "Maternal obesity and offspring cognition: the role of inflammation." Pediatric Research 85, no. 6 (November 12, 2018): 799–806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41390-018-0229-z.

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9

Steele, Miriam, Howard Steele, and Martin Johansson. "Maternal predictors of children's social cognition: an attachment perspective." Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 43, no. 7 (October 2002): 861–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1469-7610.00096.

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10

Beard, John L., Michael K. Hendricks, Eva M. Perez, Laura E. Murray-Kolb, Astrid Berg, Lynne Vernon-Feagans, James Irlam, Washiefa Isaacs, Alan Sive, and Mark Tomlinson. "Maternal Iron Deficiency Anemia Affects Postpartum Emotions and Cognition." Journal of Nutrition 135, no. 2 (February 1, 2005): 267–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jn/135.2.267.

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11

Nobre, Fabíola DA, Claudia M. Gaspardo, and Maria Beatriz Martins Linhares. "Effortful control and attention as predictors of cognition in children born preterm." Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry 25, no. 2 (August 29, 2019): 372–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1359104519871652.

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Background: Preterm childbirth increases the risk of developmental problems. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of temperament and attention on the cognition of school-age children who were born preterm, controlling for socioeconomic variables. Material and Methods: The sample was composed of 50 six-year-old children who were born preterm with very low birth weight. The children were evaluated using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-III) and the Cancellation Attention Test. The mothers were interviewed using the Children’s Behavior Questionnaire (CBQ). Statistical multiple linear regression analyses were performed. Results: 70% of the children presented average or above-average full intellectual quotient (IQ). In the attention total score, 74% of the children were also within the average range or above. High verbal IQ associated with high maternal schooling explained 73% variability of the full IQ. High attention and maternal schooling, associated with children’s temperament with more effortful control, explained 35% variability of the verbal IQ. High attention, associated with high maternal schooling and socioeconomic level, explained 37% variability of the performance IQ. The neonatal clinical variables (gestational age, birth weight, 5th-minute Apgar, and length of stay in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and hospital) were not predictors of cognitive outcomes. Conclusion: The majority of the children who were born preterm presented average or above-average cognitive and attentional performances at school age, demonstrating potential resources for learning. Taken together, attention and temperament, associated with maternal schooling and socioeconomic status, were predictors of cognitive outcomes of children born preterm at school age.

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12

Medina, Joanna, and Joanna L. Workman. "Maternal experience and adult neurogenesis in mammals: Implications for maternal care, cognition, and mental health." Journal of Neuroscience Research 98, no. 7 (August 29, 2018): 1293–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnr.24311.

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13

López-Carrilero, Raquel, Sara Mendoza-Garcia, Irene Birulés, Ana Barajas, Esther Lorente, Antonio Gutierrez-Zotes, Eva Grasa, et al. "T120. INFLUENCE OF MATERNAL AND PATERNAL HISTORY IN SYMPTOMS, COGNITION AND METACOGNITION IN PEOPLE WITH FIRST-EPISODE PSYCHOSIS." Schizophrenia Bulletin 46, Supplement_1 (April 2020): S276. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbaa029.680.

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Abstract Background Previous studies have found that the best predictor of individual risk when developing one or several mental and neurocognitive disorders is family history of mental disorder, more specifically, first degree relatives. The estimated risk of developing schizophrenia is of approximately 10% in individuals that present a paternal or maternal risk of psychosis, increasing to a 50% if both parents are affected; in comparison to a 1% risk in general population (Hall, 1994; Hannon et al., 2016). Having a first-degree family member with psychosis is the best individual risk predictor in developing mental or neurocognitive disorders (Bhatia et al., 2016; Thorup et al., 2018). However, literature exploring the role of family history of psychosis on symptoms, cognition, social cognition and metacognition in first-episode of psychosis (FEP) is scarce, and there is a dearth of studies examining the influence of the maternal and paternal history of psychosis independently. Methods The main aim of the present study is to assess the clinical, cognitive, social cognitive and metacognitive variables in people with FEP with family risk, considering the maternal and paternal history of mental disorder separately. As secondary aims, we will assess the clinical, cognitive, social cognition and metacognition variables considering the presence of a maternal and paternal history of psychosis. Methods A transversal, descriptive, observational design was chosen for this study. The sample was composed of people with a recent onset of psychosis, recruited from 10 public centers in Spain. We recruited 186 individuals with FEP between 18 and 45 years of age. We collected information about the diagnosis of mother and father with mental disorders. Symptoms were assed with the PANSS. A battery of questionnaires on metacognition and social cognition variables was included. Neurocognitive functioning was measured. The statistical analysis was done using SPSS. Results Individuals with a maternal history of a mental disorder showed higher scores in delusional experiences (p=0.004) and scored lower in general functioning as measured by the GAF (p=0.029). The individuals with the presence of a maternal history of psychosis scored significantly higher in the positive subscale of the PANSS (p=0.030). Individuals with a paternal history of psychotic disorder scored worse in high expectations and the need for adapting to the others and they had a greater presence of externalizing bias than those without a paternal history (p=0.026). Discussion Results yield that there is a higher prevalence of a maternal history of psychosis than the paternal history of psychosis, and furthermore, these individuals exhibit a specific clinical, cognitive, social and metacognitive profile. This study raises awareness on the different profiles of persons with first-episode psychosis and the influence of the family history on clinical, cognitive, social and metacognitive variables, which should be taken into account when offering individualized early treatment.

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Basatemur, E., J. Gardiner, C. Williams, E. Melhuish, J. Barnes, and A. Sutcliffe. "Maternal Prepregnancy BMI and Child Cognition: A Longitudinal Cohort Study." PEDIATRICS 131, no. 1 (December 10, 2012): 56–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2012-0788.

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15

Monthé-Drèze, Carmen, Sheryl L. Rifas-Shiman, Diane R. Gold, Emily Oken, and Sarbattama Sen. "Correction: Maternal obesity and offspring cognition: the role of inflammation." Pediatric Research 85, no. 6 (March 22, 2019): 904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41390-019-0375-y.

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16

Girault, Jessica B., Emil Cornea, Barbara D. Goldman, Shaili C. Jha, Veronica A. Murphy, Gang Li, Li Wang, et al. "Cortical Structure and Cognition in Infants and Toddlers." Cerebral Cortex 30, no. 2 (July 31, 2019): 786–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhz126.

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ABSTRACTCortical structure has been consistently related to cognitive abilities in children and adults, yet we know little about how the cortex develops to support emergent cognition in infancy and toddlerhood when cortical thickness (CT) and surface area (SA) are maturing rapidly. In this report, we assessed how regional and global measures of CT and SA in a sample (N = 487) of healthy neonates, 1-year-olds, and 2-year-olds related to motor, language, visual reception, and general cognitive ability. We report novel findings that thicker cortices at ages 1 and 2 and larger SA at birth, age 1, and age 2 confer a cognitive advantage in infancy and toddlerhood. While several expected brain–cognition relationships were observed, overlapping cortical regions were also implicated across cognitive domains, suggesting that infancy marks a period of plasticity and refinement in cortical structure to support burgeoning motor, language, and cognitive abilities. CT may be a particularly important morphological indicator of ability, but its impact on cognition is relatively weak when compared with gestational age and maternal education. Findings suggest that prenatal and early postnatal cortical developments are important for cognition in infants and toddlers but should be considered in relation to other child and demographic factors.

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Lowe, Jean R., Sarah J. Erickson, Peggy MacLean, Ron Schrader, and Janell Fuller. "Association of maternal scaffolding to maternal education and cognition in toddlers born preterm and full term." Acta Paediatrica 102, no. 1 (November 1, 2012): 72–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/apa.12037.

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18

Bray, Emily E., Mary D. Sammel, Dorothy L. Cheney, James A. Serpell, and Robert M. Seyfarth. "Effects of maternal investment, temperament, and cognition on guide dog success." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 34 (August 7, 2017): 9128–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1704303114.

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A continuing debate in studies of social development in both humans and other animals is the extent to which early life experiences affect adult behavior. Also unclear are the relative contributions of cognitive skills (“intelligence”) and temperament for successful outcomes. Guide dogs are particularly suited to research on these questions. To succeed as a guide dog, individuals must accomplish complex navigation and decision making without succumbing to distractions and unforeseen obstacles. Faced with these rigorous demands, only ∼70% of dogs that enter training ultimately achieve success. What predicts success as a guide dog? To address these questions, we followed 98 puppies from birth to adulthood. We found that high levels of overall maternal behavior were linked with a higher likelihood of program failure. Furthermore, mothers whose nursing style required greater effort by puppies were more likely to produce successful offspring, whereas mothers whose nursing style required less effort were more likely to produce offspring that failed. In young adults, an inability to solve a multistep task quickly, compounded with high levels of perseveration during the task, was associated with failure. Young adults that were released from the program also appeared more anxious, as indicated by a short latency to vocalize when faced with a novel object task. Our results suggest that both maternal nursing behavior and individual traits of cognition and temperament are associated with guide dog success.

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Fagan, Jay. "Income and Cognitive Stimulation as Moderators of the Association Between Family Structure and Preschoolers’ Emerging Literacy and Math." Journal of Family Issues 38, no. 17 (March 21, 2016): 2400–2424. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192513x16640018.

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This study examined household income and maternal cognitive stimulation as moderators of the association between family structure and 48-month-old child emerging literacy and math skills. The data set was the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study–Birth cohort ( N = 7,300). Controlling for selection factors (race/ethnicity, child gender, maternal education, maternal depression, child attendance in preschool/day care, and 9-month child cognition), the study found support for the moderation hypothesis for household income and maternal cognitive stimulation. The main take-home message was that resources such as household income and mothers’ cognitive stimulation seem to be more strongly and positively associated with early literacy and math skills among children with married parents in comparison to children living in stable single-mother households, stable cohabiting households, or households in which mothers transition from married to single parent. Cognitive stimulation partially mediated the moderating effect of income on stable single-mother household. Implications for research and programs are discussed.

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de la Garza Puentes, Andrea, Adrià Martí Alemany, Aida Maribel Chisaguano, Rosa Montes Goyanes, Ana I. Castellote, Franscisco J. Torres-Espínola, Luz García-Valdés, et al. "The Effect of Maternal Obesity on Breast Milk Fatty Acids and Its Association with Infant Growth and Cognition—The PREOBE Follow-Up." Nutrients 11, no. 9 (September 9, 2019): 2154. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11092154.

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This study analyzed how maternal obesity affected fatty acids (FAs) in breast milk and their association with infant growth and cognition to raise awareness about the programming effect of maternal health and to promote a healthy prenatal weight. Mother–child pairs (n = 78) were grouped per maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI): normal-weight (BMI = 18.5–24.99), overweight (BMI = 25–29.99) and obese (BMI > 30). Colostrum and mature milk FAs were determined. Infant anthropometry at 6, 18 and 36 months of age and cognition at 18 were analyzed. Mature milk exhibited lower arachidonic acid (AA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), among others, than colostrum. Breast milk of non-normal weight mothers presented increased saturated FAs and n6:n3 ratio and decreased α-linolenic acid (ALA), DHA and monounsaturated FAs. Infant BMI-for-age at 6 months of age was inversely associated with colostrum n6 (e.g., AA) and n3 (e.g., DHA) FAs and positively associated with n6:n3 ratio. Depending on the maternal weight, infant cognition was positively influenced by breast milk linoleic acid, n6 PUFAs, ALA, DHA and n3 LC-PUFAs, and negatively affected by n6:n3 ratio. In conclusion, this study shows that maternal pre-pregnancy BMI can influence breast milk FAs and infant growth and cognition, endorsing the importance of a healthy weight in future generations.

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Apollonsky, Nataly, Norma B. Lerner, Fengqing Zhang, Deepti Raybagkar, Jennifer Eng, and Reem Tarazi. "Laboratory Biomarkers, Cerebral Blood Flow Velocity, and Intellectual Function in Children with Sickle Cell Disease." Advances in Hematology 2020 (February 26, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8181425.

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Objective. The aim of this preliminary study was to describe putative markers of cerebral vasculopathy and investigate relationships among these markers, demographic factors, and cognitive function in a young sample of neurologically normal children with SCD. Study Design. Thirty-eight children with homozygous HbS, aged 4–11 years, were included. Estimated IQ and markers of coagulation and endothelial activation, hemolysis, and inflammation, as well as transcranial Doppler velocities, hydroxyurea use, and demographic information were obtained. Results. Using multiple regression analyses, there were few significant independent associations between biomarkers or blood flow velocity and estimated IQ. Lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) independently predicted cognitive function, but blood flow velocity did not mediate this relationship. Maternal education, patient age, and hydroxyurea status were independent predictors of cognition. Given the small sample size, a LASSO statistical model was employed to further identify potential predictors of IQ, which identified LDH, absolute neutrophil count (ANC), platelet count, thrombin-antithrombin (TAT), tissue factor (TF), maternal education, age, and hydroxyurea as potential predictors of cognition. Conclusions. In addition to effects of age and maternal education, some vasculopathic markers are associated with cognitive function in young children with SCD, and these relationships do not appear to be mediated through blood flow velocity. Although the lack of association among certain variables was not as predicted, results provide support for further research regarding the influence of vasculopathic markers on cognitive function in children with SCD without stroke, especially intravascular hemolysis and coagulation/endothelial activation, and a possible role for HU treatment in preventing or reversing cognitive decline.

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Kay, Vanessa R., Matthew T. Rätsep, Ernesto A. Figueiró-Filho, and B. Anne Croy. "Preeclampsia may influence offspring neuroanatomy and cognitive function: a role for placental growth factor†." Biology of Reproduction 101, no. 2 (June 7, 2019): 271–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biolre/ioz095.

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AbstractPreeclampsia (PE) is a common pregnancy complication affecting 3–5% of women. Preeclampsia is diagnosed clinically as new-onset hypertension with associated end organ damage after 20 weeks of gestation. Despite being diagnosed as a maternal syndrome, fetal experience of PE is a developmental insult with lifelong cognitive consequences. These cognitive alterations are associated with distorted neuroanatomy and cerebrovasculature, including a higher risk of stroke. The pathophysiology of a PE pregnancy is complex, with many factors potentially able to affect fetal development. Deficient pro-angiogenic factor expression is one aspect that may impair fetal vascularization, alter brain structure, and affect future cognition. Of the pro-angiogenic growth factors, placental growth factor (PGF) is strongly linked to PE. Concentrations of PGF are inappropriately low in maternal blood both before and during a PE gestation. Fetal concentrations of PGF appear to mirror maternal circulating concentrations. Using Pgf−/− mice that may model effects of PE on offspring, we demonstrated altered central nervous system vascularization, neuroanatomy, and behavior. Overall, we propose that development of the fetal brain is impaired in PE, making the offspring of preeclamptic pregnancies a unique cohort with greater risk of altered cognition and cerebrovasculature. These individuals may benefit from early interventions, either pharmacological or environmental. The early neonatal period may be a promising window for intervention while the developing brain retains plasticity.

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Nicol, C. J. "Farm animal cognition." Animal Science 62, no. 3 (June 1996): 375–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1357729800014934.

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AbstractAlthough there may be task-specific differences in performance between wild and domestic animals, there is no evidence for any generally reduced cognitive capacity in domestic animals. It is not possible to compare intelligence between species or breeds without recognizing the contribution of differences in attention and motivation, and domestic animals often perform better on learning tasks than wild animals because they are less fearful. Considerable flexibility and complexity in behaviour can arise from context-specific decisions that may not require learning. Examples include alarm calling and maternal behaviour in chickens. However, the majority of intelligent behaviour shown by farm animals is dominated by learned associations, sometimes in response to remarkably subtle cues. Seemingly straightforward learning abilities may result in surprising emergent properties. An understanding of these properties may enable us to investigate how farm animals interact socially, and whether they form concepts. Other abilities, such as imitation and the re-organization of spatial information, do not appear to depend on associative learning. The study offarm animal cognition tells us little about the issue of animal consciousness but, none the less, plays an important role in the animal welfare debate. The types of cognitive abilities animals have provide clues as to the types of situations in which (given the benefit of the doubt) they might suffer.

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Taylor, Rachael M., Michelle L. Blumfield, Lee M. Ashton, Alexis J. Hure, Roger Smith, Nick Buckley, Karen Drysdale, and Clare E. Collins. "Macronutrient Intake in Pregnancy and Child Cognitive and Behavioural Outcomes." Children 8, no. 5 (May 20, 2021): 425. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children8050425.

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Prenatal nutrient exposures can impact on brain development and disease susceptibility across the lifespan. It is well established that maternal macronutrient intake during pregnancy influences foetal and infant development. Therefore, we hypothesise that macronutrient intakes during pregnancy are correlated with cognitive development during early childhood. The current study aimed to investigate the relationship between maternal macronutrient intake during pregnancy and child cognitive and behavioural outcomes at age 4 years. We analysed prospective data from a cohort of 64 Australian mother–child dyads. Maternal macronutrient intake was assessed using a validated 74-item food frequency questionnaire at 2 timepoints during pregnancy. Child cognition and behaviour were measured at age 4 years using the validated Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence, 3rd version (WPPSI-III) and the Child Behaviour Checklist (CBC). Linear regression models were used to quantify statistical relationships and were adjusted for maternal age, education, pre-pregnancy BMI, breastfeeding duration and birthweight. Child Performance IQ was inversely associated with maternal starch intake (b = −11.02, p = 0.03). However, no other associations were found. Further research is needed to explore the association between different types of starch consumed during pregnancy and child cognitive development.

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Prado, E. L., K. J. Alcock, H. Muadz, M. T. Ullman, and A. H. Shankar. "Maternal Multiple Micronutrient Supplements and Child Cognition: A Randomized Trial in Indonesia." PEDIATRICS 130, no. 3 (August 20, 2012): e536-e546. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2012-0412.

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Camerota, Marie, Noa Gueron‐Sela, Melissa Grimes, and Cathi B. Propper. "Longitudinal links between maternal factors and infant cognition: Moderation by infant sleep." Infancy 25, no. 2 (January 6, 2020): 128–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/infa.12321.

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27

Flannery, Kathleen A., and Jacqueline Liederman. "Maternal estradiol levels in relation to offspring cognition and behavior among firstborns." Infant Behavior and Development 19 (April 1996): 457. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0163-6383(96)90511-1.

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Oken, Emily, Robert O. Wright, Ken P. Kleinman, David Bellinger, Chitra J. Amarasiriwardena, Howard Hu, Janet W. Rich-Edwards, and Matthew W. Gillman. "Maternal Fish Consumption, Hair Mercury, and Infant Cognition in a U.S. Cohort." Environmental Health Perspectives 113, no. 10 (October 2005): 1376–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.8041.

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Lovejoy, M. Christine. "Maternal depression: Effects on social cognition and behavior in parent-child interactions." Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology 19, no. 6 (December 1991): 693–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00918907.

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Izquierdo, Vanesa, Verónica Palomera-Ávalos, Sergio López-Ruiz, Anna-Maria Canudas, Mercè Pallàs, and Christian Griñán-Ferré. "Maternal Resveratrol Supplementation Prevents Cognitive Decline in Senescent Mice Offspring." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 5 (March 6, 2019): 1134. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20051134.

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A variety of environmental factors contribute significantly to age-related cognitive decline and memory impairment in Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative diseases. Nutrition can alter epigenetics, improving health outcomes, which can be transmitted across generations; this process is called epigenetic inheritance. We investigate the beneficial effects of maternal resveratrol supplementation in the direct exposed F1 generation and the transgenerational F2 generation. The offspring was generated from females Senescence Accelerated Mouse-Prone (SAMP8) fed a resveratrol-enriched diet for two months prior to mating. Object novel recognition and Morris Water Maze (MWM) demonstrated improvements in cognition in the 6-month-old F1 and F2 generations from resveratrol fed mothers. A significant increase in global DNA methylation with a decrease in hydroxymethylation in F1 and F2 were found. Accordingly, Dnmt3a/b and Tet2 gene expression changed. Methylation levels of Nrf2 and NF-kβ genes promoters raised in offspring, inducing changes in target genes expression, as well as hydrogen peroxide levels. Offspring that resulted from a resveratrol fed mother showed increase AMPKα activation, mTOR inhibition, and an increase in Pgc-1α gene expression and Beclin-1 protein levels. Endoplasmic reticulum stress sensors were found changed both in F1 and F2 generations. Overall, our results demonstrated that maternal resveratrol supplementation could prevent cognitive impairment in the SAMP8 mice offspring through epigenetic changes and cell signaling pathways.

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Wallace, Ina F., Joanne E. Roberts, and Diane E. Lodder. "Interactions of African American Infants and Their Mothers." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 41, no. 4 (August 1998): 900–912. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jslhr.4104.900.

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The relationships between aspects of mother-infant interaction and both communication and cognitive skills at 1 year of age were examined in 92 African American dyads, of whom 64 (70%) fell below the poverty line. Ratings of warmth, sensitivity, responsiveness, encouragement of initiative, stimulation, and elaborativeness during a semistructured play interaction were correlated with measures of global cognition, expressive and receptive communication, and communication use. The overall quality of the home environment and maternal ratings of stimulation and elaborativeness were the most consistent correlates of infant communication measures. Relationships were stronger in middle-income than lower-income dyads. These results support the linkage of didactic and functional aspects of maternal behavior to cognitive and communication skills at 1 year of age for African American infants.

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Bendini, Magdalena, and Lelys Dinarte. "Does Maternal Depression Undermine Childhood Cognitive Development? Evidence from the Young Lives Survey in Peru." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 19 (October 3, 2020): 7248. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17197248.

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This paper studies the effect of maternal depression on early childhood cognition in Peru, where rates of depression are around 50%. By using an instrumental variables approach, this study exploits variation in the exogeneity of the exposure to shocks during early life to instrument for maternal depression. The empirical strategy exploits a novel longitudinal data—the Young Lives survey—that includes information on cognitive outcomes of children and variation in their mothers’ mental health status between rounds of data collection. Results suggest that maternal depression is detrimental to a child’s vocabulary at age 5, but effects fade out by age 8. Effects do not vary by maternal education but are significant only for children living in disadvantaged households. Estimations indicate that the presence of a partner worsens the effect of maternal depression on vocabulary development, results that are driven mainly by households with heavy-drinking partners. Our findings make a strong case for recognizing maternal mental health problems as disorders of public health significance and guide maternal and infant health policies in Peru.

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Kullmann, Stephanie, Martin Heni, Manfred Hallschmid, Andreas Fritsche, Hubert Preissl, and Hans-Ulrich Häring. "Brain Insulin Resistance at the Crossroads of Metabolic and Cognitive Disorders in Humans." Physiological Reviews 96, no. 4 (October 2016): 1169–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00032.2015.

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Ever since the brain was identified as an insulin-sensitive organ, evidence has rapidly accumulated that insulin action in the brain produces multiple behavioral and metabolic effects, influencing eating behavior, peripheral metabolism, and cognition. Disturbances in brain insulin action can be observed in obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D), as well as in aging and dementia. Decreases in insulin sensitivity of central nervous pathways, i.e., brain insulin resistance, may therefore constitute a joint pathological feature of metabolic and cognitive dysfunctions. Modern neuroimaging methods have provided new means of probing brain insulin action, revealing the influence of insulin on both global and regional brain function. In this review, we highlight recent findings on brain insulin action in humans and its impact on metabolism and cognition. Furthermore, we elaborate on the most prominent factors associated with brain insulin resistance, i.e., obesity, T2D, genes, maternal metabolism, normal aging, inflammation, and dementia, and on their roles regarding causes and consequences of brain insulin resistance. We also describe the beneficial effects of enhanced brain insulin signaling on human eating behavior and cognition and discuss potential applications in the treatment of metabolic and cognitive disorders.

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Mohammed, Husein, Grace S. Marquis, Frances Aboud, Karim Bougma, and Aregash Samuel. "TSH Mediated the Effect of Iodized Salt on Child Cognition in a Randomized Clinical Trial." Nutrition and Metabolic Insights 14 (January 2021): 117863882110253. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/11786388211025352.

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Objectives: This study examines the hormonal mediators of the effect of iodized salt in pregnancy on child cognition. Methods: Sixty districts across 6 zones in the Amhara region of Ethiopia were randomly allocated to a control or intervention arm of early market access to iodized salt. Twenty-two villages per arm were randomly selected for this sub-study. A total of 1220 pregnant women who conceived after the intervention began were enrolled and assessed for their iodine and iron status. Data were collected once on the household socio-demographic status and iodized salt use, and maternal urinary iodine during pregnancy. Then, infants’ diet, urinary iodine level, cognitive development (Bayley III), serum hormonal levels, iron status, and inflammation markers were measured between 2 and 13 months of age. Results: The median maternal urinary iodine concentration was adequate and significantly higher in the intervention mothers than that of the controls (163 vs 121 µg/L, P < .0001). Intervention children compared to the control children had lower thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) (mean: 2.4 ± 1.0 µIU/mL vs 2.7 ± 1.0 µIU/mL, effect size = 0.18, P < .01) and thyroglobulin (Tg) (41.6 ± 1.0 ng/mL vs 45.1 ± 1.0 ng/mL, effect size = 0.14, P < .05). There was an interaction between the intervention and iron stores such that cognition was higher with iron (effect size = 0.28, 100 vs 94 IQ points). TSH was a partial mediator (12%) of the effect of the intervention on child cognition (Sobel z-score = 2.1 ± 0.06, P < .05). Conclusion: TSH partially mediated the effect of the iodized salt intervention on child cognition.

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Chevrier, Jonathan, Kim G. Harley, Katherine Kogut, Nina Holland, Caroline Johnson, and Brenda Eskenazi. "Maternal Thyroid Function during the Second Half of Pregnancy and Child Neurodevelopment at 6, 12, 24, and 60 Months of Age." Journal of Thyroid Research 2011 (2011): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2011/426427.

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Although evidence suggests that maternal hypothyroidism and mild hypothyroxinemia during the first half of pregnancy alters fetal neurodevelopment among euthyroid offspring, little data are available from later in gestation. In this study, we measured free T4 using direct equilibrium dialysis, as well as total T4 and TSH in 287 pregnant women at 27 weeks' gestation. We also assessed cognition, memory, language, motor functioning, and behavior in their children at 6, 12, 24, and 60 months of age. Increasing maternal TSH was related to better performance on tests of cognition and language at 12 months but not at later ages. At 60 months, there was inconsistent evidence that higher TSH was related to improved attention. We found no convincing evidence that maternal TH during the second half of pregnancy was related to impaired child neurodevelopment.

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Pawluski, Jodi L., Kelly G. Lambert, and Craig H. Kinsley. "Neuroplasticity in the maternal hippocampus: Relation to cognition and effects of repeated stress." Hormones and Behavior 77 (January 2016): 86–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2015.06.004.

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Tse, Alison C., Janet W. Rich-Edwards, Sheryl L. Rifas-Shiman, Matthew W. Gillman, and Emily Oken. "Association of maternal prenatal depressive symptoms with child cognition at age 3 years." Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology 24, no. 3 (April 8, 2010): 232–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3016.2010.01113.x.

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Batistuzzo, Alice, and Miriam Oliveira Ribeiro. "Clinical and subclinical maternal hypothyroidism and their effects on neurodevelopment, behavior and cognition." Archives of Endocrinology and Metabolism 64, no. 1 (2020): 89–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.20945/2359-3997000000201.

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Hawkins, Erinn, Sheri Madigan, Greg Moran, and David R. Pederson. "Mediating and moderating processes underlying the association between maternal cognition and infant attachment." Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology 39 (July 2015): 24–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2015.04.001.

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Krantz, Murray, and Carla Wade. "Parental Social Cognition of Children's Social Status." Psychological Reports 62, no. 2 (April 1988): 356–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1988.62.2.356.

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The purpose of the study was to describe the relationship between mothers' knowledge of their children's friendship preferences and their children's achievement of social status. Sociometric nominations for 52 girls and 50 boys in Grades 2 and 3 were used to determine children's social status and 57 mothers were interviewed for their “sociometric awareness” of their children's social status among peers. Both children's and maternal sociometric awareness were correlated positively with social acceptance and negatively with social rejection by peers. Mothers of “rejected” children were less aware of the positive friendship preferences of their children than mothers of children of more favored status.

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Kristen-Antonow, Susanne, Maria Licata-Dandel, Mitho Müller, and Beate Sodian. "Maternal cognition talk in the mother-toddler dyad mediates the influence of early maternal emotional availability on preschoolers' belief reasoning." Social Development 27, no. 4 (June 8, 2018): 841–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/sode.12301.

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Wan, Lily, Tian Tu, Qi-Lei Zhang, Juan Jiang, and Xiao-Xin Yan. "Pregnancy Promotes Maternal Hippocampal Neurogenesis in Guinea Pigs." Neural Plasticity 2019 (April 11, 2019): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5765284.

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Adult neurogenesis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) modulates cognition and behavior in mammals, while motherhood is associated with cognitive and behavioral changes essential for the care of the young. In mice and rats, hippocampal neurogenesis is reported to be reduced or unchanged during pregnancy, with few data available from other species. In guinea pigs, pregnancy lasts ~9 weeks; we set to explore if hippocampal neurogenesis is altered in these animals, relative to gestational stages. Time-pregnant primigravidas (3-5 months old) and age-matched nonpregnant females were examined, with neurogenic potential evaluated via immunolabeling of Ki67, Sp8, doublecortin (DCX), and neuron-specific nuclear antigen (NeuN) combined with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) birth-dating. Relative to control, subgranular Ki67, Sp8, and DCX-immunoreactive (+) cells tended to increase from early gestation to postpartum and peaked at the late gestational stage. In BrdU pulse-chasing experiments in nonpregnant females surviving for different time points (2-120 days), BrdU+ cells in the DG colocalized with DCX partially from 2 to 42 days (most frequently at 14-30 days) and with NeuN increasingly from 14 to 120 days. In pregnant females that received BrdU at early, middle, and late gestational stages and survived for 42 days, the density of BrdU+ cells in the DG was mostly high in the late gestational group. The rates of BrdU/DCX and BrdU/NeuN colocalization were similar among these groups and comparable to those among the corresponding control group. Together, the findings suggest that pregnancy promotes maternal hippocampal neurogenesis in guinea pigs, at least among primigravidas.

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Berger, Paige K., Jasmine F. Plows, Roshonda B. Jones, Tanya L. Alderete, Claudia Rios, Trevor A. Pickering, David A. Fields, Lars Bode, Bradley S. Peterson, and Michael I. Goran. "Associations of maternal fructose and sugar-sweetened beverage and juice intake during lactation with infant neurodevelopmental outcomes at 24 months." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 112, no. 6 (October 6, 2020): 1516–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqaa255.

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ABSTRACT Background Our prior studies revealed that infant somatic growth is influenced by fructose in breast milk, and fructose in breast milk is increased in response to maternal sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) intake in lactation. It is unknown whether infant neurodevelopmental outcomes are also influenced by maternal SSBs in lactation. Objectives To determine whether infant cognitive development at 24 postnatal months was influenced by maternal fructose consumption during lactation, and whether this relation persisted after accounting for maternal SSB and juice (SSB + J) intake. Methods Hispanic mother–infant pairs (n = 88) were recruited across the spectrum of prepregnancy BMI. Mothers completed two 24-h dietary recalls at 1 and 6 postnatal months, and reported breastfeedings per day. The Bayley-III Scales of Infant Development were administered at 24 postnatal months to assess infant cognition. Linear regressions were used to examine associations, reported as unstandardized (B) coefficients, 95% CIs, and P values. Results Mothers consumed 1656 ± 470 kcal, 21.8 ± 12 g fructose, and 2.5 ± 2.6 servings SSBs + J, and reported 6.9 ± 2.1 breastfeedings per day at 1 postnatal month. Controlling for maternal age, prepregnancy BMI, education level, kilocalories, infant age, sex, and birthweight revealed that infant cognitive development scores at 24 postnatal months correlated inversely with maternal fructose consumption at 1 postnatal month (B = −0.08; 95% CI = −0.13, −0.03; P < 0.01). The association of infant cognitive development scores with maternal fructose consumption was no longer significant after adjustment for maternal SSB + J intake (B = −0.05; 95% CI = −0.10, 0.00; P = 0.07), whereas maternal SSB + J intake was significant in the same model (B = −0.29; 95% CI = −0.52, −0.05; P = 0.02). Infant cognitive development scores were not associated with maternal fructose and SSB + J consumption at 6 postnatal months. Conclusions Our findings suggest that infant neurodevelopmental outcomes at 24 postnatal months can be adversely influenced by maternal fructose intake in early lactation, and this could be attributed to maternal SSB + J intake.

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Hsieh, Hsin-Yi, Yu-Chieh Chen, Mei-Hsin Hsu, Hong-Ren Yu, Chung-Hao Su, You-Lin Tain, Li-Tung Huang, and Jiunn-Ming Sheen. "Maternal Iron Deficiency Programs Offspring Cognition and Its Relationship with Gastrointestinal Microbiota and Metabolites." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 17 (August 20, 2020): 6070. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176070.

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Iron is an essential micronutrient for the brain development of the fetus. Altered intestinal microbiota might affect behavior and cognition through the so-called microbiota-gut-brain axis. We used a Sprague-Dawley rat model of a maternal low-iron diet to explore the changes in cognition, dorsal hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and related pathways, gut microbiota, and related metabolites in adult male offspring. We established maternal iron-deficient rats by feeding them a low-iron diet (2.9 mg/kg), while the control rats were fed a standard diet (52.3 mg/kg). We used a Morris water maze test to assess spatial learning and long-term memory. Western blot (WB) assays and a quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) were used to detect the BDNF concentration and related signaling pathways. We collected fecal samples for microbiota profiling and measured the concentrations of plasma short-chain fatty acids. The adult male offspring of maternal rats fed low-iron diets before pregnancy, during pregnancy and throughout the lactation period had (1) spatial deficits, (2) a decreased BDNF mRNA expression and protein concentrations, accompanied by a decreased TrkB protein abundance, (3) a decreased plasma acetate concentration, and (4) an enrichment of the Bacteroidaceae genus Bacteroides and Lachnospiraceae genus Marvinbryantia. Maternal iron deficiency leads to an offspring spatial deficit and is associated with alternations in gastrointestinal microbiota and metabolites.

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Nilsen, Frances M., Jazmin D. C. Ruiz, and Nicolle S. Tulve. "A Meta-Analysis of Stressors from the Total Environment Associated with Children’s General Cognitive Ability." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 15 (July 29, 2020): 5451. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17155451.

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General cognitive ability, often referred to as ‘general intelligence’, comprises a variety of correlated abilities. Childhood general cognitive ability is a well-studied area of research and can be used to predict social outcomes and perceived success. Early life stage (e.g., prenatal, postnatal, toddler) exposures to stressors (i.e., chemical and non-chemical stressors from the total (built, natural, social) environment) can impact the development of childhood cognitive ability. Building from our systematic scoping review (Ruiz et al., 2016), we conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate more than 100 stressors related to cognitive development. Our meta-analysis identified 23 stressors with a significant increase in their likelihood to influence childhood cognitive ability by 10% or more, and 80 stressors were observed to have a statistically significant effect on cognitive ability. Stressors most impactful to cognition during the prenatal period were related to maternal health and the mother’s ability to access information relevant to a healthy pregnancy (e.g., diet, lifestyle). Stressors most impactful to cognition during the early childhood period were dietary nutrients (infancy), quality of social interaction (toddler), and exposure to toxic substances (throughout early childhood). In conducting this analysis, we examined the relative impact of real-world exposures on cognitive development to attempt to understand the inter-relationships between exposures to both chemical and non-chemical stressors and early developmental life stages. Our findings suggest that the stressors observed to be the most influential to childhood cognitive ability are not permanent and can be broadly categorized as activities/behaviors which can be modified to improve childhood cognition. This meta-analysis supports the idea that there are complex relationships between a child’s total environment and early cognitive development.

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Pugh, Sarah J., Gale A. Richardson, Jennifer A. Hutcheon, Katherine P. Himes, Maria M. Brooks, Nancy L. Day, and Lisa M. Bodnar. "Maternal Obesity and Excessive Gestational Weight Gain Are Associated with Components of Child Cognition." Journal of Nutrition 145, no. 11 (September 30, 2015): 2562–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3945/jn.115.215525.

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Villamor, Eduardo, Sheryl L. Rifas-Shiman, Matthew W. Gillman, and Emily Oken. "Maternal Intake of Methyl-Donor Nutrients and Child Cognition at 3 Years of Age." Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology 26, no. 4 (March 14, 2012): 328–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3016.2012.01264.x.

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Oken, Emily, Sheryl L. Rifas-Shiman, Chitra Amarasiriwardena, Innocent Jayawardene, David C. Bellinger, Joseph R. Hibbeln, Robert O. Wright, and Matthew W. Gillman. "Maternal prenatal fish consumption and cognition in mid childhood: Mercury, fatty acids, and selenium." Neurotoxicology and Teratology 57 (September 2016): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ntt.2016.07.001.

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Brion, M. J., M. Zeegers, V. Jaddoe, F. Verhulst, H. Tiemeier, D. A. Lawlor, and G. D. Smith. "Intrauterine Effects of Maternal Prepregnancy Overweight on Child Cognition and Behavior in 2 Cohorts." PEDIATRICS 127, no. 1 (December 27, 2010): e202-e211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2010-0651.

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Rudy, Duane, and Linda Citlali Halgunseth. "Psychological Control, Maternal Emotion and Cognition, and Child Outcomes in Individualist and Collectivist Groups." Journal of Emotional Abuse 5, no. 4 (November 2005): 237–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j135v05n04_04.

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