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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Maternal blood pressure

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Academic literature on the topic 'Maternal blood pressure'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 22 January 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Maternal blood pressure"

1

Boyd, Heather A. "Maternal Blood Pressure During Pregnancy." Hypertension 76, no. 3 (September 2020): 670–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.15458.

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de Swiet, Michael. "Maternal blood pressure and birthweight." Lancet 355, no. 9198 (January 2000): 81–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(99)00288-3.

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Gillman, Matthew W., Carol L. Link, Janet W. Rich-Edwards, Ellice S. Lieberman, and Steven E. Lipshultz. "Maternal age and newborn blood pressure." Circulation 103, suppl_1 (March 2001): 1347. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/circ.103.suppl_1.9999-18.

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0018 Background. Blood pressure (bp) level after birth may reflect the fetal cardiovascular environment, but few data exist on newborn bp. Methods. We report findings from a new cohort of pregnant women and their offspring, Project Viva. Enrollment as of September, 2000, is 1338 pregnant women (of a target 6000), and 581 have delivered. Data collected include maternal dietary, sociodemographic, economic, psychological, lifestyle, and clinical variables; and infant bp, pulse rate, length, weight, and circumferences measured during the first 2 days of life. We averaged 5 systolic bp readings taken with a Dinamap automated bp recorder. This abstract is limited to the first 260 measured newborns (131 girls and 129 boys) and partial maternal data. Results. The highest newborn systolic bp was in children of the oldest mothers, and the lowest in the maternal age group 20-24 years ( Table). Multivariate adjustment for infant birth weight and sex and for maternal body mass index, pregnancy weight gain, 3 rd trimester bp, and number of pregnancies did not attenuate the differences. For example, adjusted mean newborn systolic bp was 10.8 (95% CI 2.4, 19.2) mmHg higher among children of 40-44 y.o. than 20-24 y.o. mothers. Variables minimally or not related to newborn systolic bp included birth weight and length, pulse rate, head, chest, and abdominal circumferences, gestational age, and maternal body mass index, weight gain, and systolic bp. Conclusions. Higher maternal age was associated with higher newborn systolic bp. Whereas bp later in childhood predicts adult hypertension and its consequences, newborn bp may represent different phenomena, such as pre- and peri-natal influences on cardiac structure and function. Studies of newborn bp may shed new light on effects of the fetal environment on lifelong cardiovascular health. Table 1.

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Gomez-Sanchez, Elise P., and Celso E. Gomez-Sanchez. "Maternal Hypertension and Progeny Blood Pressure." Hypertension 33, no. 6 (June 1999): 1369–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.hyp.33.6.1369.

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Lim, Wai-Yee, Yung-Seng Lee, Fabian Kok-Peng Yap, Izzudin Mohd Aris, Ngee Lek, Michael Meaney, Peter D. Gluckman, et al. "Maternal Blood Pressure During Pregnancy and Early Childhood Blood Pressures in the Offspring." Medicine 94, no. 45 (November 2015): e1981. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000001981.

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Lim, Wai-Yee, Kenneth Kwek, Yap-Seng Chong, Yung-Seng Lee, Fabian Yap, Yiong-Huak Chan, Keith M. Godfrey, Peter D. Gluckman, Seang-Mei Saw, and An Pan. "Maternal adiposity and blood pressure in pregnancy." Journal of Hypertension 32, no. 4 (April 2014): 857–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/hjh.0000000000000096.

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Wells, Ellen M., Lynn R. Goldman, Jeffery M. Jarrett, Benjamin J. Apelberg, Julie B. Herbstman, Kathleen L. Caldwell, Rolf U. Halden, and Frank R. Witter. "Selenium and maternal blood pressure during childbirth." Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology 22, no. 2 (November 23, 2011): 191–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jes.2011.42.

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Gillman, Matthew W., Sheryl L. Rifas-Shiman, Ken P. Kleinman, Janet W. Rich-Edwards, and Steven E. Lipshultz. "Maternal Calcium Intake and Offspring Blood Pressure." Circulation 110, no. 14 (October 5, 2004): 1990–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.0000143199.93495.96.

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Law, C. M., D. J. Barker, A. R. Bull, and C. Osmond. "Maternal and fetal influences on blood pressure." Archives of Disease in Childhood 66, no. 11 (November 1, 1991): 1291–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/adc.66.11.1291.

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Taylor, S. J. C., K. Hird, P. Whincup, and D. Cook. "Relation between birth weight and blood pressure is independent of maternal blood pressure." BMJ 317, no. 7159 (September 5, 1998): 680. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.317.7159.680.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Maternal blood pressure"

1

Clark, Phillipa Margaret. "Childhood blood pressure : aspects of programming." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.242550.

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Hawkesworth, Sophie Ann. "Impact of maternal nutritional supplementation on offspring blood pressure." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 2010. http://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/682418/.

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Observational studies on the association between birth weight and adult blood pressure provide suggestive evidence that exposures during fetal development can have lasting impacts on health. The effect of maternal nutrition during pregnancy on offspring blood pressure has been demonstrated in animal models, but data from cohort studies in humans have proven inconclusive. The follow-up of randomised controlled trials of nutritional supplementation during pregnancy can add high quality data to this research field; this thesis focuses on the effects in three separate trials. Protein energy supplementation provided to pregnant women in rural Gambia was unrelated to offspring blood pressure at 11-17 years old (n=1267). Again in The Gambia, maternal calcium supplementation compared to placebo was also unrelated to offspring blood pressure at 5-10 years old (n=350). In rural Bangladesh there was no effect of maternal food or multiple micronutrient supplementation on offspring systolic blood pressure at 4.5 years old (n=2335). The micronutrient intervention was also unrelated to offspring diastolic blood pressure, but there was evidence that an early invitation to enter a governmental food supplementation programme was associated with marginally lower diastolic blood pressure: 0.58mmHg (95% Cl: 0.06,1.11; P: 0.03). In this setting, randomisation to receive counselling to promote exclusive breast feeding was not associated with offspring blood pressure at 4.5 years of age and none of the interventions were associated with offspring kidney function, assessed as ultrasound-obtained volume and glomerular filtration rate calculated from plasma Cystatin C. These data suggest that the maternal diet during pregnancy, at least those aspects of intake that can be altered during supplementation trials, may not be directly relevant for the determination of offspring blood pressure. Nutritional exposures during other stages of the life course may prove to be more important

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Gopalakrishnan, Gosala. "Maternal nutrient restriction during pregnancy and programming of offspring blood pressure control." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.423303.

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Brennan, Kathryn. "Maternal nutrient restriction alters renal development and blood pressure regulation of the offspring." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.439999.

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Gouldsborough, Ingrid. "Influence of the maternal environment on blood pressure development in the spontaneously hypertensive rat." Thesis, University of Sunderland, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.268078.

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Rocha, Rebeca Silveira. "Influence of maternal characteristics and blood pressure average first quarter pregnancy in pre-eclampsia prediction." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2016. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=18160.

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nÃo hÃ
IntroduÃÃo: hÃ uma recomendaÃÃo internacional formal de que Ã preciso e possÃvel predizer prÃ-eclÃmpsia para a obtenÃÃo de resultados maternos e neonatais mais favorÃveis. Objetivos: avaliar a acurÃcia das caracterÃsticas maternas e pressÃo arterial mÃdia como preditores de prÃ-eclÃmpsia no primeiro trimestre gestacional; elaborar um algoritmo para prediÃÃo de prÃ-eclÃmpsia na populaÃÃo local; e comparar a acurÃcia do modelo de prediÃÃo elaborado com os sugeridos pelo National Institute of Clinical Excellence (NICE) e American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG). MÃtodos: trata-se de estudo metodolÃgico de desenvolvimento tecnolÃgico, realizado a partir de dois estudos de coortes desenvolvidos entre agosto de 2009 e janeiro de 2014 no Hospital Geral de Fortaleza (HGF) e no Hospital Distrital Gonzaga Mota de Messejana (HDGMM). A amostra foi constituÃda por 733 gestantes entre 11 e 13 semanas, das quais 55 desenvolveram prÃ-eclÃmpsia (PE), sendo 21 PE prÃ-termo e 34 PE termo. Foram obtidos dados das caracterÃsticas maternas (CM) e pressÃo arterial mÃdia (PAM). AnÃlises de regressÃo logÃstica determinaram a contribuiÃÃo dos testes para a prediÃÃo precoce de PE. A taxa de detecÃÃo (TD) para 5 e 10% de falsos positivos (TFP) e as Ãreas sob a curva ROC (AUC) foram obtidas. Resultados: variÃveis como PE anterior, histÃria familiar de PE, IMC e PAM se mostraram Ãteis como parÃmetros preditivos e foram considerados no cÃlculo do risco. Para PE total, a AUC do modelo CM+PAM foi 0,787 (IC95% 0,756-0,816), a TD foi de 22% e 44% para uma TFP de 5% e 10% respectivamente. Para PE prÃ-termo, a AUC do modelo CM+PAM foi 0,842 (IC95% 0,814-0,868), a TD foi de 43% e 67% para uma TFP de 5% e 10% respectivamente. Os valores de AUC (0,562 para ACOG e 0,657 para NICE) para PE prÃ-termo compromete a acurÃcia desses modelos de prediÃÃo de PE para esta populaÃÃo. ConclusÃo: a associaÃÃo de CM + PAM tem bom poder preditivo para prediÃÃo de PE no primeiro trimestre gestacional na populaÃÃo em estudo.
Introduction: According to a formal international recommendation, it is necessary and possible to predict pre-eclampsia to obtain more favourable maternal and neonatal results. Objectives: To assess the accuracy of maternal characteristics and average blood pressure as predictors of pre-eclampsia in the first trimester; to create an algorithm that can predict pre-eclampsia in the local population; and to compare the accuracy of the created prediction model with the models suggested by the National Institute of Clinical Excellence (NICE) and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (ACOG). Methods: This is a methodological and technological development study based on two cohort studies conducted between August 2009 and January 2014 in the Fortaleza General Hospital (HGF) and the Gonzaga Mota de Messejana District Hospital (HDGMM). The sample consisted of 733 women who were between 11 and 13 weeks pregnant, of which 55 developed pre-eclampsia (PE). Of these women, 21 had preterm PE and 34 had term PE. Data were obtained from maternal characteristics (MC) and average arterial pressure (MAP). Logistic regression analysis determined the contribution of the tests in predicting early PE. The detection rate (DR) for 5 and 10% of false positives (FPR) and the areas under the ROC curve (AUC) were obtained to measure accuracy. Results: Variables such as prior PE, family history of PE, BMI, and MAP proved useful as predictive parameters and were considered in the calculation of risk. For total PE, the AUC of the MC+MAP model was 0.787 (CI 95% 0.756 - 0.816), and the DR was 22% and 44% for a FPR of 5% and 10%, respectively. For preterm PE, the AUC of the MC+MAP model was 0.842 (CI 95% 0.814 - 0.868), and the DR was 43% and 67% for a FPR of 5% and 10%, respectively. The AUC values (0.562 for ACOG and 0.657 for NICE) for preterm PE undermine the accuracy of these PE prediction models for this population. Conclusion: The association of MC+MAP can appropriately predict PE in the first trimester of pregnancy among the studied population.

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Wu, Zhixiong [Verfasser]. "Effects of maternal PETN treatment of spontaneously hypertensive rats on blood pressure in the offspring / Zhixiong Wu." Mainz : Universitätsbibliothek Mainz, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1046352784/34.

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Jayaratne, Sachini. "THE ROLE OF MATERNAL HIGH FAT-HIGH SUCROSE DIET ON THE FETAL PROGRAMMING OF HYPERTENSION THROUGH INCREASED CARDIOVASCULAR REACTIVITY TO STRESS." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/20799.

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Modern societies face an increasing prevalence of non-infectious, chronic diseases associated with modern lifestyle. In particular, cardiovascular (and cerebrovascular) disease remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality, according to the World Health Organization, the American Heart Association and the Australian National Heart Foundation. Our diet, typically high in fat and sugar is one of the main causes, leading to what has been described as an obesity epidemic. Such diets are associated with diabetes, high cholesterol and high blood pressure: all major risk factors for cardiovascular disease. However, there appears to be an even more insidious threat to the cardiovascular health of the next generation. Recent evidence demonstrates that maternal obesity during pregnancy increases the risk of cardiovascular disease in the offspring in later life (McMillen and Robinson 2005). This is termed developmental origins of disease, and is now the subject of research that has expanded exponentially in the last 15 years. It is unclear whether maternal obesity increases cardiovascular risk in the offspring because of the obesity itself or because of mother’s diet, which is the likely cause of the obesity. Moreover, the pathophysiological changes that predispose the adult offspring to cardiovascular disease are unclear. This thesis exams 2 main questions: (1) Does a Western “fast food” diet, high in fat and sugar, during pregnancy, cause high blood pressure in the offspring, even when the mother is not obese? (2) Do the offspring exposed to a perinatal high fat/high sugar diet show altered cardiovascular responses to psychological stress? This may partly explain the pathophysiology of hypertension in the offspring, in the form of neurogenic hypertension. Sachini K. Jayaratne IX The contents of this thesis are as follows. In Chapter 1, the literature surrounding the hypothesis of the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease are reviewed, with a focus on programmed hypertension. Possible causative factors are discussed, including renal and vascular dysfunction, but with the primary focus on a neurogenic cause. The role of increased reactivity to stress is considered in the context of stress-induced causes of cardiovascular disease, and a brief overview of current methodologies used in research to assess autonomic function is given. Finally, the role of oxidative stress in hypertension is reviewed. Chapter 2 presents the results of a study that investigated in rats the impact of a non-obesogenic maternal high fat-high sucrose (HFS) diet on offspring blood pressure and cardiovascular responses to psychological stress. Dams were placed on a “W estern fast food diet” containing 21% (w/w) fat, 34% (w/w) sucrose and 19% protein for 4 weeks prior to conception, during gestation and lactation. The offspring were then weaned and placed on a normal chow diet. Control dams were kept on a normal chow diet for the entire period. At approximately 9-12 months age, the offspring were implanted with blood pressure telemetry probes and blood pressure, heart rate and derived indices of autonomic control (heart rate variability, blood pressure variability and spontaneous baroreflex gain) were measured at rest and in response to air jet (AJS) and restraint stress (RS). The results showed that adult HFS programmed offspring were hypertensive at rest and had increased blood pressure reactivity to AJS. Male, but not female offspring also showed increased reactivity to RS. The results demonstrated that a maternal HFS diet during the perinatal period can cause hypertension in the offspring in later Sachini K. Jayaratne X life, and that this can occur even if the dam is of normal body weight. The manuscript will be submitted to the Journal of Physiology for publication. Chapter 3 compared c-Fos expression in key cardiovascular control regions in the brainstem and hypothalamic following AJS (considered a mild psychological stressor) and RS (considered a more severe stress). Adult male Sprague Dawley rats were subjected to either AJS or RS. After 2 hours post-stress, rats were deeply anaesthetized with pentobarbital sodium (100 mg/kg) and perfused transcardially with physiological saline, followed by 4% paraformaldehyde (w/v) in 0.1M phosphate buffer. Brains were removed, sectioned and reacted immunohistochemically for Fos IgG. RS caused greater overall Fos expression than AJS with regional increases in the dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH), hypothalamic perifornical area (PeF), lateral periaqueductal grey (lPAG), ventrolateral PAG (vlPAG), locus coeruleus, parabrachial complex and rostral ventrolateral medulla. A differential pattern of Fos expression was noted particularly in the PAG, with AJS predominately activating dorsolateral and lPAG, while RS predominately activating lPAG and vlPAG. The results confirm that RS is a more potent stressor than AJS. In addition, the results support the argument that RS includes a more physical, or interoceptive, component of stress than AJS. This manuscript has been submitted to Neuroscience Letters for publication. Chapter 4 examines the hypothesis that HFS programming of hypertension may have a neurogenic cause due to increased oxidative stress in key brainstem regions of cardiovascular control. HFS programmed offspring were produced as in Chapter 2. The rats were euthanized and the ventrolateral medulla, PAG and DMH/PeF were rapidly collected on ice. The tissue underwent assays to test levels of protein carbonylation, a common marker of oxidative stress, Sachini K. Jayaratne XI and glutathione, an important antioxidant that prevents oxidation of protein side chains. In a separate series of rats, cardiovascular function at rest and in response to AJS was examined following treatment with the antioxidant Tempol in the drinking water for 4 weeks. The results showed that there was increased protein carbonyls and decreased glutathione in the DMH/PeF of HFS offspring, but not in the PAG or RVLM. Tempol treatment abolished the hypertension and cardiovascular reactivity these offspring. These results are the first to demonstrated that oxidative stress plays an important role in the aetiology of high blood pressure and increased cardiovascular reactivity to stress in a non-obesogenic HFS model of developmental hypertension. This manuscript will be submitted to the Journal of Physiology for publication. In a preliminary study, Chapter 5 compares Fos expression, as a marker of neuronal activation, in cardiovascular control regions in HFS and control rats following AJS and RS. HFS and control offspring were produced as described above and at 9 months age male rats were subjected to either AJS or RS. At 2 hours post-stress test, the rats were deeply anaesthetized and perfused with 4% paraformaldehyde. Brains were removed, sectioned and processed for Fos immunohistochemistry. The results showed that in HFS programmed rats, RS produced increased Fos expression in the paraventricular nucleus and reduced Fos expression in the dorsomedial PAG, compared to control rats. Following AJS there was reduced Fos expression in the lateral PAG in HFS offspring than controls. These results provide preliminary data to elucidate the neuroanatomical substrate that underlies the difference in cardiovascular responses to stress in HFS programmed offspring.

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Czopek, Alicja. "Effect of maternal iron deficiency during pregnancy on kidney development and blood pressure regulation in the rat offspring." Thesis, Available from the University of Aberdeen Library and Historic Collections Digital Resources, 2009. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?application=DIGITOOL-3&owner=resourcediscovery&custom_att_2=simple_viewer&pid=26459.

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Edwards, Lisa J. "Maternal undernutrition and fetal blood pressure and the hypothalamo-pituitary adrenal axis in the late gestation fetal sheep." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 2001. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phe2654.pdf.

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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 228-257). Aims to determine the impact of maternal undernutrition during late gestation and during the periconceptional and gestational periods on fetal growth, fetal blood pressure and the fetal hypothalamo-pituitary adrenal axis in the sheep.

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Books on the topic "Maternal blood pressure"

1

Wheeler, Linda A. Maternal assessment: Blood pressure. Edited by Raff Beverly S, Albers Lolita, and March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation. 2nd ed. White Plains, N.Y: March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation, 1988.

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Wheeler, Linda A. Maternal assessment: Urine evaluation. Edited by Raff Beverly S, Albers Lolita, and March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation. 2nd ed. White Plains, N.Y: March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation, 1987.

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Factor-Litvak, Pam. Maternal and fetal outcomes following prenatal exposure to lead. 1992.

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Sasso, Uma, and Emily McQuaid-Hanson. Severe Preeclampsia. Edited by Matthew D. McEvoy and Cory M. Furse. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190226459.003.0048.

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Preeclampsia and other hypertensive diseases during pregnancy are common causes of maternal morbidity and increase the risk for adverse fetal outcomes. Women are monitored for changes in blood pressure throughout pregnancy and depending on gestational age, once such changes are noted providers may opt to move toward delivery. Blood pressure control and magnesium sulfate are the cornerstone of therapy as well as the key to preventing progression to eclampsia. A thorough understanding of this disease process is essential for anesthesiologists and other anesthesia providers to provide optimal and safe care for labor analgesia and cesarean delivery, or to manage sequelae of advanced disease processes, such as seizure.

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Sinkin, Robert A., and Christian A. Chisholm, eds. PCEP Specialized Newborn Care (Book IV). 3rd ed. American Academy of Pediatrics, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/9781610020596.

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Developed by a distinguished editorial board, the Perinatal Continuing Education Program (PCEP) is a comprehensive, self-paced education program in four volumes. This popular resource features step-by-step skill instruction, and practice-focused exercises covering maternal and fetal evaluaton and immediate newborn care. The PCEP workbooks feature leading-edge procedures and techniques, and are filled with clear explanations, step-by-step skill instruction, and practice-focused exercises. Book IV includes 6 units dealing with complex neonatal therapies, such as assisted ventilation, as well as a unit on continuing care for at-risk babies and those with special problems following intensive care. Contents include: Unit 1: Direct Blood Pressure Measurement Skills Units: Transducer Blood Pressure Monitoring Unit 2: Exchange, Reduction, and Direct Transfusions Part 1: Respiratory Distress Skills Unit: Exchange Transfusions Unit 3: Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Skills Unit: Delivery of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Unit 4: Assisted Ventilation With Mechanical Ventilators Skills Unit: Endotracheal Tubes Unit 5: Surfactant Therapy Skills Unit: Surfactant Administration Unit 6: Continuing Care for At-Risk Babies

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Bonnet, Marie-Pierre, and Anne Alice Chantry. Placenta and uteroplacental perfusion. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198713333.003.0003.

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The placenta is a complex and changing organ necessary for normal fetal growth and development and for maintenance of a healthy pregnancy. It has three major functions: a protective function of the fetus, an endocrine function, and a metabolic function. The main functional unit of the placenta is the chorionic villous, responsible for the majority of the fetal–maternal exchanges. Migration of trophoblastic cells induces a remodelling of the uterine arteries, with vasodilatated and compliant vessels, unresponsive to maternal vasomotor control. Therefore, any significant change in maternal blood pressure, in particular in the context of general or regional anaesthesia, can directly impact on uteroplacental perfusion. Most anaesthetic drugs cross the placental barrier, but without significant consequences on the fetal well-being.

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Mavi, Jagroop, Anne C. Boat, and Senthilkumar Sadhasivam. Myelomeningocele Repair. Edited by Erin S. Williams, Olutoyin A. Olutoye, Catherine P. Seipel, and Titilopemi A. O. Aina. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190678333.003.0051.

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Myelomeningocele (MMC) is a spinal birth defect associated with significant morbidity directly related to the exposure of meninges and neural structures. Further neurological dysfunction may occur secondary to Chiari II malformation and hydrocephalus. MMC repair is typically performed postnatally within the first 24 to 48 hours of life due to the concern for infection. Prenatal MMC correction is performed in select cases after studies showed improved neurological outcomes. Anesthesia for MMC repairs can be challenging, and appropriate screening should be performed preoperatively. During postnatal repair, care must be taken when positioning the infant to avoid any pressure on the MMC sac. Anesthesia can be maintained with a combination of inhalational agents and intravenous opioids. Prenatal MMC repairs must consider both fetal and maternal safety outcomes. They can be performed through both open and fetoscopic routes, with anesthesia focused on maintaining maternal blood pressure, optimizing uterine relaxation, and adequate pain control.

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Parikh, Roshni A., and David M. Williams. Clearing the Clogged Microcatheter During Particulate Embolization. Edited by S. Lowell Kahn, Bulent Arslan, and Abdulrahman Masrani. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199986071.003.0064.

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This chapter describes the steps in management, applications, challenges, and potential complications when a microcatheter becomes clogged during an embolization. If a microcatheter does become occluded during an embolization, it can be a challenge to clear it without removing the catheter completely, thus losing access to the desired location. If a standard 1-cc syringe is placed and manual pressure is applied to clear the catheter, this can generate pressures up to 100 times the arterial blood pressure, thus risking nontarget embolization from the residual embolic material in the microcatheter. This chapter describes the steps involved in safely clearing an occluded microcatheter with the use of a standard balloon insufflator.

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Land, Green Cow. Abibliophobia the Fear of Running Out of Reading Material: Blood Pressure Log. Independently Published, 2019.

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Toles, George. Composite Interview. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252040368.003.0002.

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This concluding chapter illustrates segments of various interviews Paul Thomas Anderson has given about his feature films, and interviews with actors, such as Philip Seymour Hoffman on The Master. Ultimately, one of the main strands of argument in this book is that Anderson continues to guard the story of his mother that “he might tell;” and yet, the story is always working its way into his narratives about fathers, and carries the real burden of the narrative mystery. The motivation of Anderson's male protagonists in the three films—Punch-Drunk Love, There Will Be Blood, and The Master—becomes increasingly deformed, and in each case the mangling pressure derives from the protagonist's inability to secure a crucial lost balance and alignment with absent maternal shades.

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Book chapters on the topic "Maternal blood pressure"

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Dissanayake, Hasthi U. W., Melinda Phang, and Michael R. Skilton. "Maternal n-3 Fatty Acids and Blood Pressure in Children." In Diet, Nutrition, and Fetal Programming, 279–92. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60289-9_21.

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Kee, Warwick D. Ngan. "Anesthesia for Cesarean Delivery: Effects on the Fetus of Maternal Blood Pressure Control." In Anesthesia and the Fetus, 235–43. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118477076.ch25.

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Hussain, Siti Aslina, Tan Hong Tat, Mohd Ismail Abdul Hamid, Norhafizah Abdullah, and Azni Idris. "Numerical Study of Blood Flow Pressure Drop in Aorta Coronary Sinus Conduit." In Analysis and Design of Biological Materials and Structures, 135–50. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-22131-6_11.

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Kahan, Thomas. "Hypertension in special situations." In ESC CardioMed, edited by Bryan Williams, 2474–78. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198784906.003.0572.

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Hypertensive emergencies are a heterogeneous group of acute hypertensive disorders with very high blood pressure and acute hypertension-mediated organ damage, which require rapid recognition and treatment with the appropriate therapy to avoid progressive organ dysfunction. Key target organs of acute hypertension-mediated organ damage are the heart, retina, brain, kidneys, and large arteries. The type of organ damage will determine the preferred drug, target blood pressure, and the timeframe for blood pressure reduction. Patients without acute hypertension-mediated organ damage do not have a hypertensive emergency. Initial management of acute aortic dissections are directed at haemodynamic stabilization, including rapid reduction of blood pressure to less than 120 mmHg and heart rate to less than 60 beats/min to minimize exposure of the aortic wall to shear stress, always including a beta blocker. Preoperative severe uncontrolled hypertension is associated with an increased rate of perioperative complications and qualifies as the most frequent medical condition for postponing non-cardiac surgery. Pregnancy-related hypertensive disorders are common and are associated with an increased maternal and fetal risk during pregnancy, and an increased long-term maternal risk for future hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Hypertensive heart disease can manifest as cardiac atrial and ventricular arrhythmias, most commonly being atrial fibrillation. Appropriate blood pressure control will reduce incident atrial fibrillation. Anticoagulant therapy is often indicated in hypertensive patients with atrial fibrillation.

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Ahmed, Muhammad Fayyaz, and Ihab Kamel. "Supine Hypotensive Syndrome." In Advanced Anesthesia Review, edited by Alaa Abd-Elsayed, 787—C311.S7. Oxford University PressNew York, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780197584521.003.0310.

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Abstract The supine hypotension syndrome (SHS) is a reduction in maternal systolic blood pressure of 15 and 30 mm Hg or an increase in heart rate of 20 beats/min, with or without symptoms, when the patient is in the supine position. SHS is caused by aortocaval compression and can lead to decreased uteroplacental perfusion and nonreassuring fetal heart rate patterns. It begins around 18–20 weeks and typically manifests as pallor, hypotension, dizziness, nausea, tachycardia and sweating during the third trimester. Vasodilation imposed by systemic anesthetics and neuraxial blockade may amplify the reduction in maternal blood pressure caused by SHS. Proper left uterine displacement is a pivotal preventive and therapeutic intervention in managing parturients beyond 20 weeks gestation.

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Kato, Yoko. "Mechanical Environment in the Human Umbilical Cord and Its Contribution to the Fetal Circulation." In Maternal and Child Health [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.106565.

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The fetal blood flow in two arteries and one vein of the human umbilical cord could be influenced by the conditions of the fetal growth and placenta that the evaluation of the blood flow pattern by ultrasound Doppler velocimetry is important. That is, the mechanical environment in the umbilical cord should be kept to maintain the blood flow suitable for good fetus growth. In this chapter, a human umbilical cord model for finite analysis, based on the mechanical and histological characteristics is proposed. Considering that the active force production by hyaluronan, proteoglycan, smooth muscle cells, and myofibroblasts could influence the mechanical environment in the umbilical cord, the computation with the proposed model was carried out in order to evaluate the influence. The changes in the mechanical environment caused by the active force production and their influences on the fetal blood flow through the pressure rise and drop in the arteries of the umbilical cord are introduced.

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Tarwade, Pritee, and Christine Acho. "Umbilical Cord Blood Gas." In Advanced Anesthesia Review, edited by Alaa Abd-Elsayed, 819—C326.S4. Oxford University PressNew York, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780197584521.003.0325.

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Abstract Umbilical cord blood gas along with the Apgar score is a useful tool to assess fetal well-being. Both umbilical artery and venous blood samples should be obtained, especially in case of fetal distress, to differentiate placental insufficiency from cord abnormalities. There is a strong correlation between umbilical cord gas abnormalities and fetal morbidity and mortality, but no proven predictive value has been found. Choice of anesthesia for labor analgesia and cesarean section and its effect on umbilical cord gas has been extensively studied but failed to show any consistent correlation. Factors that are deemed predictive of decreasing umbilical arterial pH are maternal body mass index (BMI), noncephalic presentation, spinal start to delivery interval, uterine incision to delivery, and maximum reduction in blood pressure from baseline.

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Ruphitha, S. V., and V. D. Ambeth Kumar. "Predictive Analysis of Postpartum Haemorrhage Using Deep Learning Technique." In Advances in Parallel Computing. IOS Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/apc210030.

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Postpartum haemorrhage is the prime source of parental fatality. Postpartum haemorrhage occurs extra blood loss after delivery. If the blood loss occurs more than 500ml, it may create a problem in blood pressure where the women has to go through a lot of pain. Presently, the complete cure are still under research and there is no result which helps to dwindle the endanger of postpartum haemorrhage. Intent process is so supportive in classifying the danger circumstances and current automation is used. The methodology used here is Deep Learning technique which will be easier to conclude the postpartum haemorrhage in the previous phase. There is an certain stage of postpartum haemorrhage where it can control the blood loss and save the women by permitting higher level treatments. Haemorrhage is one of the major factor responsible for maternal death. Haemorrhage may occur before, during or after delivery of placenta. Based on the amount of blood flow, postpartum haemorrhage will be classified in to two types such as primary and secondary pph. To manage all these problems, methods are handled based on respective situation.

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Gandhi, Soudamini, Vithal K. Dhulkhed, N. V. Kanase, and Taufikin Arslan Bawi. "Comparison of Two Oxytocin Doses for Optimal Uterine Tone During Cesarean Delivery." In Clinical and Comparative Research on Maternal Health, 196–213. IGI Global, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-5941-9.ch012.

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The optimum oxytocin dosage schedule for caesarean sections depends on uterine tone, maternal hemodynamics, and safety. This study compares a continuous 20 IU infusion (Group B) versus a 3 IU bolus followed by a 10 IU per hour infusion during elective caesarean delivery to determine their efficacy and safety (Group A). Two groups of sixty elective caesarean patients were randomly assigned. Uterine tone, maternal hemodynamics, uterotonic drug need, and side effects were assessed. The two dosing schedules were statistically compared. Five minutes post-oxytocin administration, Group A had significantly higher uterine tone than Group B (p < 0.001). Although not statistically significant, Group B maternal hemodynamics showed lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure. The groups had similar adverse effects and uterotonic drug needs. Despite the fast uterine tone of the bolus + infusion regimen, maternal hemodynamics must be regulated. Both regimens were safe; however, a customised dose may be needed. Clinical settings and patient characteristics are critical. This study shows how quickly uterine tone may be achieved following elective caesarean surgery using a 3 IU bolus and 10 IU oxytocin each hour. Maternal hemodynamics and uterotonic efficacy should inform dosing recommendations, with an emphasis on customised techniques.

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McCarthy, Fergus. "Hypertension in pregnancy." In Oxford Textbook of Medicine, edited by Catherine Nelson-Piercy, 2583–88. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198746690.003.0266.

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High blood pressure (BP >140/90 mm Hg) complicates approximately 10% of pregnancies and may be due to white coat hypertension, chronic hypertension, gestational hypertension, or pre-eclampsia (de novo or superimposed on chronic hypertension). Pre-eclampsia occurs in 2–8% of pregnancies and remains a common cause of fetal and maternal death in developing countries. Maternal symptoms include headache/visual disturbances, breathlessness, epigastric pain, and seizures (eclampsia); signs include pulmonary oedema, liver tenderness, hyper-reflexia/clonus, and papilloedema. Treatment of pre-eclampsia is by timely delivery of the fetus (and placenta) to minimize maternal complications and maximize fetal gestational age, while avoiding morbidity and mortality. Pharmacological treatment to control hypertension is generally given when BP consistently exceeds 150 mm Hg (systolic) or 90 mm Hg (diastolic). Commonly used agents include labetalol, nifedipine, amlodipine, and α‎-methyldopa. ACEi, ARBs, and diuretics should not be used in pregnancy. Intravenous magnesium sulphate is given to women at risk of eclampsia.

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Conference papers on the topic "Maternal blood pressure"

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Zhang, Guo-Qiang, Mika Gissler, Graham Devereux, Seif Shaheen, Harry Mcardle, Aziz Sheikh, and Bright I. Nwaru. "Maternal blood pressure throughout pregnancy, gestational hypertension, and preeclampsia and offspring asthma." In ERS International Congress 2019 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2019.pa4438.

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Panyarath, P., N. Goldscher Minerbi, S. Pamidi, R. Gagnon, S. Daskalopoulou, N. Dayan, K. Raiche, A. Olha, A. Benedetti, and R. J. Kimoff. "Effect of Maternal Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea (OSAH) on 24-Hour Blood Pressure (BP) in Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy (HDP)." In American Thoracic Society 2020 International Conference, May 15-20, 2020 - Philadelphia, PA. American Thoracic Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2020.201.1_meetingabstracts.a2528.

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Cabral, Brenda Cristyanne Silva, Isabela Cristina Maioni Xavier, Giovana Souza Oliveira, Jade Fleury Toccafondo, Maria Carolina Boeira Keller, Bárbara Natiely Bezerra Andrade, Caroline Gomes dos Santos, et al. "Relationship between the dimensions of eating behavior and weight gain in high-risk pregnant women monitored at a university hospital." In V Seven International Multidisciplinary Congress. Seven Congress, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.56238/sevenvmulti2024-158.

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During the gestational period, several physiological adaptations occur in the woman's body to meet the demands of the maternal-fetal binomial and childbirth. These changes encompass anatomical, hormonal, metabolic and immunological aspects, varying according to gestational age. After confirmation of pregnancy, it is essential that the woman begins prenatal care in Basic Health Units (UBS), although cases of risk factors may require follow-up in highly complex hospitals. Several factors, such as individual characteristics, previous and obstetric conditions, can make a pregnancy high-risk, requiring lifestyle changes and professional support to avoid adverse outcomes. Inadequate weight gain during pregnancy is one of these factors, associated with complications such as gestational diabetes, high blood pressure and childhood obesity. The prevalence of overweight and obesity among pregnant women has increased, highlighting the importance of adequate monitoring during pregnancy for maternal and fetal health.

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West, J., G. Santorelli, P. Collings, J. Wright, and D. Lawlor. "P94 Associations between maternal pregnancy, social and lifestyle characteristics and offspring blood pressure at age 4/5 in white british and pakistani origin participants in the born in bradford study." In Society for Social Medicine, 61st Annual Scientific Meeting, University of Manchester, 5–8 September 2017. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2017-ssmabstracts.195.

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Supraptomo, Rth. "A Case Report on Regional Anaesthesia in Pregnant Women with Severe Pre-Eclampsia, Partial Hellp Syndrome, Fetal Distress, and Type II Diabetes Mellitus." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.05.29.

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ABSTRACT Background: Maternal mortality in Indonesia is caused by multifactors that are both direct and indirect factors. Complications during pregnancy and after delivery, including preeclampsia is the direct cause of 90% of maternal deaths. This case report aimed to describe the anaesthesia management on the incidence of severe preeclampsia to prevent the complications. Subjects and Method: We reported a 33-year-old G3P2A0 woman with 33 weeks of gestational age, diagnosed with severe pre-eclampsia partial HELLP syndrome, fetal dis-tress, type II diabetes mellitus pro SCTP emergency with physical status ASA II. Regional anaesthesia with sub-arachnoid block was performed by using Lidodex 75 mg and fentanyl 25 mcg intrathecally. Results: From the operation process, a baby boy with birth weight 2.900 gram and APGAR Score 7-8-9 was born. Two-hour post operation examination on patient showed compos mentis (consciousness), blood pressure 121/ 80 mmHg, heart rate 64 bpm, respiration rate 20 breath per minute, blood oxygen saturation levels (SpO2) 99% with 3 L/min nasal cannula. Patient was administered to HCU post operation to be monitored vital sign and signs of impending eclampsia. Post-operative refeeding was performed after bowel sound was positive. Conclusion: Selection of appropriate anaesthetic management in severe preeclampsia cases can prevent complications. Keywords: severe preeclampsia, sectio caesaria, regional anesthesia, subarachnoid block Correspondence: R. Th. Supraptomo. Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy Dr. Moewardi Hospital. Jl Kolonel Sutarto 132 Jebres, Surakarta, Central Java, 57126. Email: ekasatrio-@gmail.com. Mobile: +6281329025599. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.05.29

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Amer ABD ALGABAR, Fatima, Batool Abd AL AMEER BAQER, and Lamiaa Saoud ABBOD. "MANUSCRIPT TITLE: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SOME VITAL SIGNS OF INFECTED PREGNANT WOMEN COVID-19 WITH THOSE OF NON - INFECTED PREGNANT WOMEN." In VII. INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONGRESSOF PURE,APPLIEDANDTECHNOLOGICAL SCIENCES. Rimar Academy, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/minarcongress7-2.

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While pregnant, the mother and fetus coexist, which is a unique physiological state.Disruption of maternal-fetal connection leads to diseases of pregnancy and the infant This study aims to present current developments that may help in the early detection of issues, highlight the difficulties in measuring vital signs accurately in pregnancy, and estimate typical ranges for maternal vital signs throughout pregnancy. Additionally, the study focuses on the association between SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy and unfavorable pregnancy outcomes. A higher risk of preeclampsia, premature birth, and other unfavorable pregnancy outcomes may be linked to COVID-19. The vital signs of Covid-19-contaminated expectant mothers, particularly respiration, pulse, and temperature, were found to differ significantly at p values of (0.0001*, 0.0001*, and 0.001*). The research demonstrated how Covid 19 affected expectant mothers who were at risk for preeclampsia, stillbirth, premature birth, and NICU hospitalization. It is believed that changes to vital indicators (Heart rate, blood pressure, temperature, oxygen saturation, and respiratory rate)occur both during and right after pregnancy. especially when a pregnant woman contracts the Corona infection. With COVID-19, we seek to synthesize the body of research on changes in vital signs throughout pregnancy so that fresh centile charts could be made for every stage of pregnancy and the first few weeks following delivery.

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Romanov, Vasily, Mobin Rastgar Agah, and Kurosh Darvish. "Viscoelastic Properties of Aorta From Oscillatory Pressure Tests." In ASME 2011 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2011-53771.

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Aorta is the largest and most important artery in the body due to its role in conveying all of the oxygenated blood to smaller branches and ultimately to all of the organs in the body. Knowing its mechanical characteristics and material properties is a basic stage in almost all studies on aorta e.g. evaluating the effect of aging and disease, design and manufacturing of compatible stents and traumatic aortic rupture. Since blood vessels are non-homogeneous, non-linear viscoelastic materials and can experience large deformations, a unique formulation that can describe their mechanical behavior under various loading conditions has not been developed yet. Several previous studies looked into modeling of the blood vessels at large deformation, but the models developed did not include the time dependency of the material [1,2]. In this work, we characterized the material properties of aorta under biaxial oscillatory loading at large deformations taking into account its time dependency. A viscoelastic model was developed to describe the relationship between the inflation and pressure.

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Sotelo-Aguilar, Abraham, Fernando Martinez-Piñón, and Jose A. Álvarez-Chávez. "PZR transducer for monitoring blood pressure." In SPIE Smart Structures and Materials + Nondestructive Evaluation and Health Monitoring, edited by Tribikram Kundu. SPIE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.813752.

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Katey, Bright, Ioana Voiculescu, Fang Li, and Alexandrina Untaroiu. "Piezoelectric Blood Pressure Sensor for Implantable Devices." In ASME 2023 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2023-112273.

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Abstract The paper presents the model and simulation of a piezoelectric pressure sensor intended to be used for a ventricular assist device for children and adults affected by the Single Functional Ventricle Congenital Heart Defect (CHD). This syndrome is the condition of the heart, where one of the ventricles, typically the right one, is either underdeveloped or not developed at the time of birth. To address this problem, we propose a mechanical cavo-pulmonary assist device with a dual-propeller pump, which is self-expanding. This is implanted into the total cavopulmonary junction (TCPC). The propellers’ scope is to regulate the blood flow directed to the lungs. The pressure sensor is an integral component of this sophisticated biotechnology device. It will be used to control the blood pressure by sending a signal to the motor and propeller pump to adjust its operating condition when the blood pressure is below the physiological levels. The pressure sensor is designed from a piezoelectric material which gives it a self-powering functionality. To enhance the sensitivity of the pressure sensor, arrays of micro-pillars will be fabricated on piezoelectric materials. Finite element analysis (FEA) with Ansys was used to model the pressure sensor, without and with micro-pillars and we demonstrated that the micro-pillars have the capability to increase the pressure sensor sensitivity.

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Pericevic, Ian Owens, Moji Moatamedi, and Aihong Zhao. "Developing a Physiologically Realistic Material Model of the Aorta for Use in Numerical Modelling." In ASME 2006 Pressure Vessels and Piping/ICPVT-11 Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2006-icpvt-11-93557.

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In recent years there have been numerous attempts to accurately model phenomena that occur in the cardiovascular system of the human body. Problems of the cardiovascular system are commonly associated with low survival rates, thus attracting great interest. One specific area of concern are mechanisms by which the aorta suffers heavy damage during automotive impacts. A large number of fatalities could be prevented annually with the design of new safety systems arising from a proper understanding of these mechanisms. It is well known that such injuries are a result of complex interactions between the vessels, the blood they carry and other parts of the body. As such they can only be accurately modelled using advanced multi-physics software. This research examines a number of material models for use in aortic impact problems and aspires towards the development of a layered orthotropic blood vessel model.

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Reports on the topic "Maternal blood pressure"

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Yeika, Eugene, Erica L. Kocher, and Carrie Ngongo. Integrating Noncommunicable Diseases into Antenatal Care in Cameroon: A Triangulated Qualitative Analysis. RTI Press, January 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2024.rr.0051.2401.

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Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) have important implications for pregnancy outcomes and the subsequent health of women and their children. The aim of this study is to determine the status of NCD and maternal health program integration, identify barriers to integration, and explore what would be required to deepen integration of NCD care into antenatal care in Cameroon. We used two methods of data collection and synthesis: a desk review of policy documents and protocols and a series of key informant interviews with health system experts and managers working in public, private, and faith-based health facilities at central, regional, and district levels. Although screening for blood glucose and blood pressure occurs during antenatal care, post-diagnosis management is not well-integrated and often requires referral to specialists in higher-level health facilities. Key barriers to integration include lack of guidelines for the management of NCDs, financial constraints for facilities and patients, and shortages of health workers, medications, and supplies for laboratory investigations. Further integration of services for NCDs during pregnancy will require national guidelines backed up by system-wide strengthening of health information systems, insurance coverage, supply chain management, and human resource capacity, particularly in remote areas.

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Claus, Ana, Borzooye Jafarizadeh, Azmal Huda Chowdhury, Neziah Pala, and Chunlei Wang. Testbed for Pressure Sensors. Florida International University, October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25148/mmeurs.009771.

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Currently, several studies and experiments are being done to create a new generation of ultra-low-power wearable sensors. For instance, our group is currently working towards the development of a high-performance flexible pressure sensor. However, with the creation of new sensors, a need for a standard test method is necessary. Therefore, we opted to create a standardized testbed to evaluate the pressure applied to sensors. A pulse wave is generated when the heart pumps blood causing a change in the volume of the blood vessel. In order to eliminate the need of human subjects when testing pressure sensors, we utilized polymeric material, which mimics human flesh. The goal is to simulate human pulse by pumping air into a polymeric pocket which s deformed. The project is realized by stepper motor and controlled with an Arduino board. Furthermore, this device has the ability to simulate pulse wave form with different frequencies. This in turn allows us to simulate conditions such as bradycardia, tachycardia, systolic pressure, and diastolic pressure.

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Steele, Dale W., Gaelen P. Adam, Ian J. Saldanha, Ghid Kanaan, Michael L. Zahradnik, Valery A. Danilack, Alison M. Stuebe, Alex Friedman Peahl, Kenneth K. Chen, and Ethan M. Balk. Management of Postpartum Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), May 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer263.

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Background. Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) are increasingly common and have important implications for maternal health, healthcare utilization, and health disparities. There is limited evidence to support best management of postpartum individuals with HDP, including home blood pressure (BP) monitoring (HBPM) and choice of antihypertensive agents. For patients experiencing preeclampsia with severe features, there is robust evidence supporting delivery of the infant and treatment with magnesium sulfate (MgSO4). However, MgSO4 may cause unpleasant side effects and, less commonly, toxicity. Patients receiving MgSO4 require additional monitoring (e.g., urinary catheterization) and often have activity restrictions, which impact their postpartum experience. Evidence regarding the optimal (lowest effective) dose and (shortest effective) duration of MgSO4 treatment is needed. Methods. We searched Medline®, Cochrane, Embase®, CINAHL®, and ClinicalTrials.gov from inception to December 1, 2022. After double screening, we extracted study data and risk of bias assessments into the Systematic Review Data Repository Plus (SRDR+; https://srdrplus.ahrq.gov). We evaluated the strength of evidence (SoE) using standard methods. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (registration number CRD42022313075). Results. We found 13 eligible studies (3 randomized controlled trials [RCTs], 2 nonrandomized comparative studies [NRCSs], 8 single-arm studies) evaluating postpartum HBPM, 17 RCTs evaluating pharmacological treatment of postpartum HDP, and 43 studies (41 RCTs and 2 NRCSs) that compared alternative MgSO4 regimens. HBPM programs probably increase submission of any BP measurements during recommended time intervals (moderate SoE) and may increase the number of BP measurements obtained overall (low SoE). Studies have not found that HBPM affects the rate of BP treatment initiation (low SoE), but HBPM may reduce unplanned hypertension-related hospital admissions (low SoE). Most patients were satisfied with management related to HBPM (low SoE), and HBPM probably compensates for racial disparities in office-based follow-up (moderate SoE). In patients with preeclampsia or gestational hypertension (HTN), oral furosemide may shorten the duration of postpartum hypertension (low SoE). There was insufficient evidence regarding the comparative benefits and harms of other antihypertensive medications. Compared with 24-hour treatments, shorter duration MgSO4 regimens shorten the urinary catheterization time (high SoE), time to ambulation (high SoE), and time to breastfeeding (moderate SoE); and may shorten time from delivery to contact with the infant and decrease toxicity as manifested by lost deep tendon reflexes (both low SoE). Loading dose only regimens increase the risk of a recurrent seizure in patients with eclampsia (moderate SoE). Lower dose MgSO4 regimens, compared to standard dose regimens, reduce early signs of magnesium toxicity (high SoE), may approximately double the risk of recurrent seizure in patients with eclampsia (low SoE), but may not affect 5-minute Apgar scores in infants of patients with preeclampsia with severe features (low SoE). There is insufficient evidence regarding potential harms of concomitant use of nifedipine or other antihypertensive medications. Conclusion. HBPM probably improves ascertainment of BP, allowing early recognition of hypertension in postpartum patients, and probably compensates for racial disparities in office based follow-up. The evidence suggests furosemide may shorten the duration of postpartum HTN. However, further evidence is needed regarding the comparative benefits and harms of the antihypertensive medications used to treat postpartum HTN. Large pragmatic trials, augmented by analysis of real-world data, are needed to evaluate the effect of postpartum HBPM on clinical event outcomes (not only process outcomes) and on the comparative effectiveness of alternative antihypertensive treatments. Given that lower dose MgSO4 regimens reduce Mg toxicity, and shorter regimens decrease urinary catheterization time, time to ambulation, time to breastfeeding, and time from delivery to contact with the infant, evidence is needed to identify MgSO4 regimens with the lowest effective dose and shortest effective duration that minimize side effects and toxicity but still prevent seizures among patients with preeclampsia with severe features.

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