Relevant bibliographies by topics / Maternal and infant welfare Australia

Academic literature on the topic 'Maternal and infant welfare Australia'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Maternal and infant welfare Australia"

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Ayton, Jennifer, Ingrid van der Mei, Karen Wills, Emily Hansen, and Mark Nelson. "Cumulative risks and cessation of exclusive breast feeding: Australian cross-sectional survey." Archives of Disease in Childhood 100, no. 9 (June 8, 2015): 863–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2014-307833.

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ObjectivesTo estimate the prevalence of cessation of exclusive breast feeding at each month up to 6 months and document key factors and cumulative risks associated with exclusive breastfeeding cessation for children aged from 0 to 6 months.MethodsSecondary analysis using a national representative sample of 22 202 mother and infant pairs derived from the 2010 Australian Institute of Health and Welfare cross-sectional survey, the Australian Infant Feeding Survey.ResultsAmong breastfed infants, 49% had ceased exclusive breast feeding before they had reached 2 months of age. In the final Cox proportional hazards model, cessation of exclusive breast feeding was most strongly associated with partners preferring bottle feeding (HR 1.86, 95% CI 1.69 to 20.6) or having no preference (HR 1.37, 95% CI 1.33 to 1.42), regular dummy use (HR 1.35, 95% CI 1.31 to 1.39) and maternal obesity (HR 1.29, 95% CI 1.24 to 1.35). Living within the most disadvantaged areas of Australia (quintile 1) was not strongly associated with cessation (HR 1.08, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.14) compared with least disadvantaged areas. Having three risk factors significantly increased the risk of cessation by 31% (HR 1.31, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.6).ConclusionsThe prevalence of early cessation of exclusive breast feeding is alarmingly high with 50% of infants no longer exclusively breast fed by age 2 months. Given that not one factor is associated with cessation of exclusive breast feeding, the greatest public health impact is likely to be achieved when multiple risk factors are modified or prevented.
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Thorley, Virginia. "Accounts of infant-feeding advice received by mothers: Queensland, Australia, 1945-1965." Nursing Reports 2, no. 1 (October 31, 2012): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/nursrep.2012.e12.

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In the period 1945-1965 most women in the state of Queensland, Australia, gave birth in hospitals and thereafter they used a variety of services and individuals for advice on infant feeding. The services available were similar throughout the period. As mothers rarely worked outside the home, being <em>good mothers</em> was important to their identity. In this historical study, telephone interviews and written responses involving 44 mothers and former nurses from every region of this geographically vast state were used in order to investigate sources of personal advice on infant feeding used during this period, mothers&rsquo; experience relating to this advice, and the extent to which they followed the advice. The free, nurse-run well-baby clinics and related services conducted by the state&rsquo;s Maternal and Child Welfare service were the most commonly mentioned services. However, the uptake of advice from this source showed considerable variation as women also drew upon family members, their general practitioners, advice columns, radio broadcasts, other mothers and their own judgment. Only rarely was a specialist pediatrician consulted. A minority of mothers was advised by pharmacists, private baby nurses, or entered residential mothercraft facilities. An important finding is that attendance at the baby clinics did not necessarily equate with compliance, especially as mothers became more experienced.
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Hughes, James G. "Conception and Creation of the American Academy of Pediatrics." Pediatrics 92, no. 3 (September 1, 1993): 469–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.92.3.469.

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In the latter years of the 19th century, and to an increasing degree in the first decades of the 20th, there arose in the United States and elsewhere a growing concern for the health and welfare of women and children, especially pregnant mothers and infants. Compared with current figures, maternal and infant mortality rates were extremely high, and there were virtually no widespread programs to avoid malnutrition and a host of preventable diseases and disabilities in childhood. Isolated instances of good maternal and infant programs existed, but it became obvious that our country needed national programs to improve child health and welfare.
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Jones, M. "Infant and Maternal Health Services in Ceylon, 1900-1948: Imperialism or Welfare?" Social History of Medicine 15, no. 2 (August 1, 2002): 263–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/shm/15.2.263.

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HARRIS, BERNARD. "Review Article: Household, family and welfare: past, present and future." Continuity and Change 14, no. 2 (August 1999): 267–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026841609900332x.

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J. Robin, From childhood to middle age: cohort analysis in Colyton, 1851–1891. (Cambridge: Cambridge Group for the History of Population and Social Structure, Working Paper Series, no. 1, n.d.). Pages iv+83. £2.50.H. Cunningham and P. P. Viazzo (eds.), Child labour in historical perspective, 1800–1985: case studies from Europe, Japan and Colombia. (Florence: United Nations Children's Fund, International Child Development Centre, 1996.) Pages 105. US$9.00.L. Marks, Metropolitan maternity: maternal and infant welfare services in early-twentieth century London. (Amsterdam: Rodopi, 1996.) Pages xxii+344.A. Walker (ed.), The new generational contract: intergenerational relations, old age and welfare. (London: UCL Press, 1996). Pages xiii+241.These four publications vary significantly in their geographical coverage and general subject matter, but it is still possible to identify a number of common themes. They are particularly important for what they reveal about the links between formal welfare provision, protective legislation, family care, and the standard of living. They also yield many individual insights into such matters as family reconstitution, migration, child labour, working conditions, municipal welfare services, the decline of infant and maternal mortality, and the possible existence of a demographic threat to the viability of modern welfare states.
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Ngui, Emmanuel M., Alicia L. Cortright, and Karen Michalski. "Relationship of Paternity Status, Welfare Reform Period, and Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Infant Mortality." American Journal of Men's Health 9, no. 5 (July 24, 2014): 350–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557988314543906.

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The objective of this study was to examine the relationship of paternity status, welfare reform period, and racial/ethnic disparities in infant mortality. The study used retrospective analysis of birth outcomes data from singleton birth/infant death data in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, from 1993 to 2009. Multivariate logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between paternity status, welfare reform period, and infant mortality, adjusting for maternal and infant characteristics. Data consisted of almost 185,000 singleton live births and 1,739 infant deaths. Although unmarried women with no father on record made up about 32% of the live births, they accounted for over two thirds of the infant deaths compared with married women with established paternity who made up 39% of live births but had about a quarter of infant deaths. After adjustments, any form of paternity establishment was protective against infant mortality across all racial/ethnic groups. Unmarried women with no father on record had twice to triple the odds of infant mortality among all racial/ethnic groups. The likelihood of infant mortality was only significantly greater for African American women in the postwelfare (1999-2004; odds ratio = 1.27; 95% confidence interval = 1.10-1.46) period compared with the 1993 to 1998 period. Study findings suggest that any form of paternity establishment may have protective effect against infant mortality. Welfare reform changes may have reduced some of the protection against infant mortality among unmarried African American women that was present before the welfare legislation. Policies and programs that promote or support increased paternal involvement and establishment of paternity may improve birth outcomes and help reduce infant mortality.
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Lee, Kyunghee. "Effects of Maternal Employment and Receiving Welfare on Family Outcomes among Low-Income Families." Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Social Services 91, no. 2 (April 2010): 178–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1606/1044-3894.3972.

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This study investigated how maternal employment and welfare-receipt were associated with family outcomes, using data from the Infant Health and Development Program (IHDP). This study looked at mothers and children among low-income families who received welfare and/or were employed during the first 3 years of the child's life. Mothers whose incomes were from welfare only had lower outcomes than mothers who earned some or all their income from employment. Those in the intervention groups receiving enrichment services had more positive outcomes than those of the group with only follow-up. The findings suggest that maternal employment for low-income families should be encouraged when mothers are ready to participate in employment and when support systems such as quality child care are provided.
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Winarso, Inang, and Ressa Ria Lestari. "Cultural Value Factors That Affect Mother and Child Health." Jurnal Perempuan 24, no. 3 (September 12, 2019): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.34309/jp.v24i3.341.

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<p>Mother and child health as a key indicator of community welfare is measured by the Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) and Infant Mortality Rate (IMR). But why have efforts to reduce MMR and IMR not yet reached the target? This research answers this question by using an approach of cultural values in mother and child health. The focus of this research is on the human life cycle starting from marriage, pregnancy, birth and death in Situbondo Regency, East Java and Ngada Regency, NTT. Research has found four cultural elements that predominantly influence health beliefs, family and community decisions in dealing with maternal and infant health problems. These cultural elements are the religious system, the kinship system, the knowledge system and the livelihood system. These four systems can increase or decrease the risk of maternal and infant mortality. The government must consider the cultural values of the community in making health policies. First, strengthen factors that reduce the risk of maternal and child mortality. Second, reduce the factors that increase the risk of maternal and child mortality.</p>
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Kitchens, Rachael. "‘Mothercraft not learnt by instinct’: An investigation of the infant welfare movement in Australia 1919–1939." Children Australia 31, no. 1 (2006): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1035077200011032.

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Drawing from the work of Norbert Elias, this paper examines the infant welfare movement in Australia in the inter-war years. Elias maintains that during the course of what he describes as the ‘civilising process’, the psychological and behavioural distance between adults and children has increased. As a result of this growing distance, the period of childhood has become longer and the process of the transition to adulthood more complex. In this way, parenthood is experienced as an increasingly difficult task, and one that does not come naturally but requires education and training. It is the contention of this paper that the infant welfare movement, with its emphasis on parental education, can be understood as part of the civilising process: as an unintended consequence of the growing distance between children and adults.
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Yuniwati, Cut, Fithriany Fithriany, and Cut Nurhasanah. "Analysis of the Utilization of Antenatal Care Services in Pregnant Women at Health Center Langsa City." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 10, E (May 16, 2022): 1137–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2022.9605.

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BACKGROUND: Perinatal mortality is a problem for developing countries, including Indonesia. Maternal and infant mortality is influenced by various factors, one of which is health services. Antenatal care (ANC) services efforts to reduce maternally and infant mortality are ANC services. Therefore, it is essential to know the quality of ANC services for the welfare of the fetus in pregnant women. AIM: The aim of this study was to determine the quality of ANC services that affect the welfare of the fetus in pregnant women METHODS: This type of research is evaluative research with a cross-sectional design (cross-sectional design). The sample in this study amounted to 206 people in the Langsa Health Center Work Area, Langsa City. The sample was taken using the proposed random sampling formula. The statistical test used the Chi-square test. RESULTS: The results showed that the quality of ANC affected the welfare of the fetus with a sig. 0.000. Average fetal well-being was 163 people (79%), and the quality of ANC services mainly was in average condition as many as 171 people (83%). ANC services effectively reduce the risk of maternal mortality and morbidity. CONCLUSION: There is an influence of quality of ANC services on Fetal Welfare in Pregnant Women at the Langsa Health Center.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Maternal and infant welfare Australia"

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Featherstone, Lisa. "Breeding and feeding: a social history of mothers and medicine in Australia, 1880-1925." Australia : Macquarie University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.14/38533.

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Thesis (PhD)--Macquarie University, Division of Humanities, Department of Modern History, 2003.
Bibliography: p. 417-478.
Introduction: breeding and feeding -- The medical man: sex, science and society -- Confined: women and obstetrics 1880-1899 -- The kindest cut? The caesarean section as turning point -- Reproduction in decline -- Resisting reproduction: women, doctors and abortion -- From obstetrics to paediatrics: the rise of the child -- The breast was best: medicine and maternal breastfeeding -- The deadly bottle and the dangers of the wet nurse: the "artificial" feeding of infants -- Surveillance and the mother -- Mothers and medicine: paradigms of continuity and change.
The late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries saw profound changes in Australian attitudes towards maternity. Imbibed with discourses of pronatalism and eugenics, the production of infants became increasingly important to society and the state. Discourses proliferated on "breeding", and while it appeared maternity was exulted, the child, not the mother, was of ultimate interest. -- This thesis will examine the ways wider discourses of population impacted on childbearing, and very specifically the ways discussions of the nation impacted on medicine. Despite its apparent objectivity, medical science both absorbed and created pronatalism. Within medical ideology, where once the mother had been the point of interest, the primary focus of medical care, increasingly medical science focussed on the life of the infant, who was now all the more precious in the role of new life for the nation. -- While all childbirth and child-rearing advice was formed and mediated by such rhetoric, this thesis will examine certain key issues, including the rise of the caesarean section, the development of paediatrics and the turn to antenatal care. These turning points can be read as signifiers of attitudes towards women and the maternal body, and provide critical material for a reading of the complexities of representations of mothers in medical discourse.
Mode of access: World Wide Web.
478 p
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Gottvall, Karin. "Birth centre care : reproduction and infant health /." Stockholm, 2004. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2004/91-7349-825-4/.

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Rollet, Catherine. "La politique à l'égard de la petite enfance sous la IIIe République." [Paris] : Institut national d'études démographiques : Presses universitaires de France, 1990. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/23694310.html.

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Cole, Rose, University of Western Sydney, and Faculty of Nursing and Health Studies. "New mothers creating their well-being: a hermeneutic study." THESIS_FNHS_XXX_Cole_R.xml, 1998. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/279.

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This hermeneutic study explores the experience of well-being of eight new mothers who live in the Blue Mountains of N.S.W. The experiences were analysed to illuminate definitions, meanings and practices which create their well being. This study transcends existing notions of health and motherhood. The author argues that mothers resist the social expectations created by the 'ideology of motherhood' by; defining their well-being, redefining and resisting the notion of being the 'good mother' by creating practices to achieve their well-being. Social support is integral to this. The study is grounded in hermeneutics incorporating the Heideggerian ideas of being-in-the-world, co-constitution and the hermeneutic circle and also the Gadamerian idea of fusion of horizons. A post-structuralist feminist perspective is adopted, incorporating Foucault's ideas on power, knowledge, truth and resistance. Eight definitions of these new mothers' well-being are presented. Implications for nursing practice, education and research are discussed
Master of Nursing (Hons)
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Swanepoel, Daniël Christiaan De Wet. "Infant hearing screening at maternal and child health clinics in a developing South African community." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2004. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-08242005-093303.

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Gonya, Jennifer. "Factors influencing maternal self-efficacy a comparison of hearing mothers with deaf children and hearing mothers with hearing children /." Connect to this title online, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1054676632.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2003.
Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xiv, 164 p.; also includes graphics (some col.). Includes bibliographical references (p.157-164). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center
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Otovo, Okezi T. "To form a strong and populous nation race, motherhood, and the state in republican Brazil /." Connect to Electronic Thesis (ProQuest) Connect to Electronic Thesis (CONTENTdm), 2009. http://worldcat.org/oclc/453941450/viewonline.

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Marks, Lara. "Irish and Jewish women's experience of childbirth and infant care in East London, 1870-1939 : the responses of host society and immigrant communities to medical welfare needs." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1990. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:fce5b2bc-8b9b-41e7-9ec7-3bef15d566ee.

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This thesis examines Irish and Jewish mothers' experience of maternity provision and infant care services in East London in the years 1870-1939. As newcomers these immigrants not only had to cope with poverty but also the barriers of language and different cultural customs. Leaving their family and kinship networks behind them, Irish and Jewish mothers had to find new sources of support when incapacitated through pregnancy or childbirth. Living in one of the poorest areas of London and unfamiliar with the local medical and welfare services, these immigrants might be expected to have suffered very poor health. On closer examination, however, Irish and Jewish immigrants appear to have had remarkably low rates of infant and maternal mortality. Despite the difficulties they faced as newcomers, Irish and Jewish mothers had certain advantages over the local population in East London. They were not only able to rely on the prolific and diverse services already present in East London, but could also call upon their own communal organisations. This provision offered a wide range of care and was a vital support to the newcomers. After examining the social and economic background to Irish and Jewish emigration and settlement the thesis examines what impact this had on their health patterns, particularly infant and maternal mortality. The following chapters explore what forms of support were available to married Irish and Jewish mothers through their own family and local neighbourhood and communal agencies. Chapter five concerns the unmarried mother and what provision was made specifically for her. The care offered by the host society to immigrant mothers and their infants is explored in chapters 6 to 8. Institutions covered by these chapters include voluntary hospitals, Poor Law infirmaries, and charitable organisations such as district nursing associations and medical missions. The thesis examines not only the services available to Irish and Jewish mothers, but also the attitudes of health professionals and philanthropists towards immigrants and how these affected the accessibility and acceptability of maternity and infant welfare services to Irish and East European Jewish mothers.
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Cole, Rose A. "New mothers creating their well-being : a hermeneutic study /." View thesis, 1998. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030901.155229/index.html.

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Priyono, Edi Sirikul Isaranurug. "Maternal risk factors for low birth weight infants at Fatmawati General Hospital, Kakarta, Indonesia /." Abstract, 2008. http://mulinet3.li.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/2551/cd414/5037985.pdf.

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Books on the topic "Maternal and infant welfare Australia"

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Domestic violence and maternal child health. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, 2004.

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Salvator, Nzigamasabo. Analyse de la situation de la femme et de l'enfant, province de Muyinga. [Bujumbura]: République du Burundi, Province de Muyinga, 1988.

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Kogan, Michael D. The five year report of the maternal and infant care programs in Massachusetts: 1980-1984. Boston, Mass: The Commonwealth of Massachusetts, Dept. of Public Health, 1986.

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Pleschberger, Marlene. Caring for yourself and your baby at home. Toronto, ON: Scarborough Grace Hospital, 1997.

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Laxminarayan, Ramanan, Robert E. Black, Marleen Temmerman, and Neff Walker. Reproductive, maternal, newborn, and child health. Washington, DC: World Bank, 2015.

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Marks, Lara. Metropolitan maternity: Maternal and infant welfare services in early twentieth century London. Amsterdam: Atlanta, GA, 1996.

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Yi, Ŭn-hwa. Yua rŭl wihan pokchi ŭi iron kwa silche. Sŏul Tʻŭkpyŏlsi: Chʻangjisa, 1987.

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Maternal and child health. 3rd ed. Sudbury, Mass: Jones & Bartlett Learning, 2013.

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Virginia. Maternal and Child Health Council. Report of the Maternal and Child Health Council on ways to create and maintain effective maternal health services for pregnant women in crisis to the Governor and the General Assembly of Virginia. Richmond: Commonwealth of Virginia, 1994.

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Services, Irish Association for Improvements in Maternity. A consumers guide to the maternity units in Ireland. (Dublin): Health Promotion Unit, Department of Health, 1995.

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Book chapters on the topic "Maternal and infant welfare Australia"

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Barros, Juanita De. "Infant Welfare, Maternal Education, and Uplifting the Race." In Reproducing the British Caribbean. University of North Carolina Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469616056.003.0005.

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This chapter examines the role of certified, trained colonial midwives in the effort to tackle the problem of infant mortality and to deal with the population anxieties in the British Caribbean during the early twentieth century. Seen as the better alternative to the dangerous granny midwives who were considered a threat to the health of infants and mothers, these trained midwives also played an important role in promoting maternal education. Along with health visitors, physicians, and the volunteer members of baby-saving leagues, these midwives were charged with instructing mostly non-white, poor women in modern, hygienic methods of child rearing. This chapter looks at the infant and maternal welfare measures, particularly midwife training programs, that were introduced in the Caribbean colonies to tackle concerns about infant mortality and child rearing.
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Barros, Juanita De. "Population Anxieties and Infant Mortality." In Reproducing the British Caribbean. University of North Carolina Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469616056.003.0003.

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In the years after the end of slavery, declining populations due to high death rates, especially among the very young, sparked deep concerns. Disease causation and infant mortality were blamed on former slaves. In Guyana, Jamaica, and Barbados, investigations into the causes of infant mortality highlighted the need for healthy populations, resulting in the introduction of infant and maternal welfare initiatives in the early twentieth century. This chapter examines the debates about the health and size of populations, much of which was centred on the problem of infant mortality, in Britain's Caribbean colonies during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. It looks at the emergence of a range of new ideas about medicine and public health, together with immigration, designed to ensure the population growth needed to sustain the colonial economies.
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Walsh, Fionnuala. "‘Every human life is a national importance’: the impact of the First World War on attitudes to maternal and infant health." In Medicine, Health and Irish Experiences of Conflict, 1914-45. Manchester University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.7228/manchester/9780719097850.003.0002.

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Historians have proven relatively inattentive to the impact of the First World War on Irish civilian health and infant welfare. Presumptions prevail that the conflict generated relatively few anxieties about civilian well-being. Contrarily, this chapter demonstrates that heavy wartime losses of young Irish men produced apprehension about the survival of the next generation. Simultaneously, concern about poor infant health and high maternal mortality levels deepened; one outcome being new forms of charitable work undertaken by groups including the United Irishwomen and the Women’s National Health Association. Also, legislative changes were also designed or planned to bolster Irish maternal and infant health. The Imperial Treasury also made funds available for local government maternity and child welfare schemes in 1916 and 1918. This chapter charts the implementation of voluntary and state-led initiatives on local and national levels in Ireland. It also maps trends in wartime mortality to quantitatively assess how war impacted on infant and maternal health in Ireland and consider whether the benefits of separation allowances and increased employment actually outweighed the hardships of war (e.g. rising food costs, severe milk shortages and declining housing conditions in urban areas).
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Barros, Juanita De. "Social Welfare Policies and Population Questions in the 1930s." In Reproducing the British Caribbean. University of North Carolina Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469616056.003.0007.

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This chapter considers the extent to which many of the ideas and approaches concerning population growth and infant and maternal welfare in Britain's Caribbean colonies—particularly Jamaica, Guyana, and Barbados—continued to be expressed in the 1930s in the context of the West India Royal Commission (Moyne Commission) hearings. It also examines how Caribbean men and women influenced the commission by expressing their views about sex, reproduction, and morality, as well as making their own demands.
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Barros, Juanita De. "Introduction." In Reproducing the British Caribbean. University of North Carolina Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469616056.003.0001.

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This book investigates ideas and policymaking about reproduction and the size and health of populations in Britain's Caribbean colonies both before and immediately after the end of slavery, a period spanning the early nineteenth century to the 1930s. The focus is on Jamaica, Barbados, and Guyana, and on maternal education and infant welfare initiatives introduced by colonial policymakers, including midwife training programs. The book considers the debates about population growth in these three colonies, as well as the problem of infant mortality. It also examines how the ideas and institutions of tropical medicine influenced perceptions of Caribbean populations.
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Parker, Alison M. "Conclusion." In Unceasing Militant, 289–94. University of North Carolina Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469659381.003.0016.

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The black freedom struggle, from Terrell’s perspective, was a multi-pronged approach. From her early work in the National Association of Colored Women (NACW), focusing on anti-lynching and black maternal and infant welfare, to her work in the NAACP as part of the long civil rights movement, Terrell nimbly used a variety of techniques from speeches and marches to picketing and boycotts to achieve equal rights. Like Rosa Parks, Mollie Church Terrell cannot be understood and appreciated for just one moment or action in her life. Instead, she must be appreciated for her resiliency and persistency--her unceasing militancy--over many long decades.
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Barros, Juanita De. "Grannies, Midwives, and Colonial Encounters." In Reproducing the British Caribbean. University of North Carolina Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469616056.003.0004.

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In the years after the end of slavery, the image of the “granny” midwife, described as practitioners of bush medicine, persisted in the British Caribbean. Traditional midwives were considered ignorant and superstitious women who inadvertently killed newborns and their mothers. In late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century Jamaica, Guyana, and Barbados, officials deemed it necessary to replace the grannies with formally trained and certified midwives. As a result, race and class tensions arose. This chapter explores the introduction of infant and maternal welfare measures, including midwife training programs, as part of the Caribbean response to concerns about population health and size. White, British women were recruited to train granny midwives about modern, hygienic methods of childbirth and child rearing.
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Patrick, Stephen W., and Davida M. Schiff. "A Public Health Response to Opioid Use in Pregnancy." In Opioid Addiction, 71–77. American Academy of Pediatrics, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/9781610022798-a_public.

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The use of opioids during pregnancy has grown rapidly in the past decade. As opioid use during pregnancy increased, so did complications from their use, including neonatal abstinence syndrome. Several state governments responded to this increase by prosecuting and incarcerating pregnant women with substance use disorders; however, this approach has no proven benefits for maternal or infant health and may lead to avoidance of prenatal care and a decreased willingness to engage in substance use disorder treatment programs. A public health response, rather than a punitive approach to the opioid epidemic and substance use during pregnancy, is critical, including the following: a focus on preventing unintended pregnancies and improving access to contraception; universal screening for alcohol and other drug use in women of childbearing age; knowledge and informed consent of maternal drug testing and reporting practices; improved access to comprehensive obstetric care, including opioid-replacement therapy; gender-specific substance use treatment programs; and improved funding for social services and child welfare systems. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists supports the value of this clinical document as an educational tool (December 2016).
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Theobald, Brianna. "Our Crow Indian Hospital." In Reproduction on the Reservation, 123–46. University of North Carolina Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469653167.003.0006.

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Abstract:
This chapter explores how members of the Crow Nation—especially women—navigated the various terminationist pressures of the post-World War II period. In these years, an influential group of policy makers pursued the dissolution of the Bureau of Indian Affairs and the termination of tribal members’ political status as “American Indian.” In practice, one of the most immediate threats was the reduction or elimination of reservation health services. The chapter reveals that the female members of a new Crow Health Committee emerged as leaders in the community’s effort to protect the reservation hospital and to reform the colonial institution to meet the evolving needs of Crow people. In regular meetings with medical officers in the newly created Indian Health Service, these women presented comprehensive health services, and particularly maternal and infant welfare, as a federal obligation and a matter of Indian treaty rights.
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10

Adamson, Elizabeth. "Introduction." In Nannies, Migration and Early Childhood Education and Care. Policy Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447330141.003.0001.

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This chapter covers the definition of in-home childcare and introduces the broad trends that underpin the restructuring of early childhood education and care and domestic care work. This includes an overview of recent trends and shifts surrounding women’s and maternal workforce participation, children’s attendance in formal and informal types of care, and the prevalence of in-home child care in each of the three English-speaking liberal welfare countries that are the focus of the book - Australia, the United Kingdom and Canada. These trends are also presented in relation to other developed countries across the OECD countries. It introduces how these demographic changes and shifts in policy structures render the need for greater attention to the place of in-home childcare. It also provides a policy snapshot of in-home childcare in the three focus countries, outlining the funding structures, regulation and migration context surrounding ECEC and in-home childcare.
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