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Journal articles on the topic "MATERN 5"
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Elbeltagi, Ahmed, Nikul Kumari, Jaydeo Dharpure, Ali Mokhtar, Karam Alsafadi, Manish Kumar, Behrouz Mehdinejadiani, et al. "Prediction of Combined Terrestrial Evapotranspiration Index (CTEI) over Large River Basin Based on Machine Learning Approaches." Water 13, no. 4 (February 20, 2021): 547. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13040547.
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Drought is a fundamental physical feature of the climate pattern worldwide. Over the past few decades, a natural disaster has accelerated its occurrence, which has significantly impacted agricultural systems, economies, environments, water resources, and supplies. Therefore, it is essential to develop new techniques that enable comprehensive determination and observations of droughts over large areas with satisfactory spatial and temporal resolution. This study modeled a new drought index called the Combined Terrestrial Evapotranspiration Index (CTEI), developed in the Ganga river basin. For this, five Machine Learning (ML) techniques, derived from artificial intelligence theories, were applied: the Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm, decision trees, Matern 5/2 Gaussian process regression, boosted trees, and bagged trees. These techniques were driven by twelve different models generated from input combinations of satellite data and hydrometeorological parameters. The results indicated that the eighth model performed best and was superior among all the models, with the SVM algorithm resulting in an R2 value of 0.82 and the lowest errors in terms of the Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) (0.33) and Mean Absolute Error (MAE) (0.20), followed by the Matern 5/2 Gaussian model with an R2 value of 0.75 and RMSE and MAE of 0.39 and 0.21 mm/day, respectively. Moreover, among all the five methods, the SVM and Matern 5/2 Gaussian methods were the best-performing ML algorithms in our study of CTEI predictions for the Ganga basin.
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Sones, Jenny L., Heinrich E. Lob, Catherine E. Isroff, and Robin L. Davisson. "Role of decidual natural killer cells, interleukin-15, and interferon-γ in placental development and preeclampsia." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 307, no. 5 (September 1, 2014): R490—R492. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00176.2014.
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Preeclampsia is a hypertensive, proteinuric disease that affects 5–10% of all pregnancies and is a leading cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity/mortality (Soto et al., J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 25: 498–507, 2011). The primary treatment for preeclampsia still is delivery of the fetus and placenta. The underlying mechanisms remain elusive. One possibility is inadequate uterine angiogenesis/vascularity (decidualization) at the time of implantation (Torry et al., Am J Reprod Immunol 51: 257–268, 2004). Here, we review evidence for dysregulation of decidual natural killer (dNK) cells, which secrete important angiogenic factors during decidualization, as a contributing factor in preeclampsia.
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Armindo, Robson A., Rubens D. Coelho, Marconi B. Teixeira, and Paulo J. Ribeiro Junior. "Spatial variability of leaf nutrient contents in a drip irrigated citrus orchard." Engenharia Agrícola 32, no. 3 (June 2012): 479–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-69162012000300007.
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This study aimed to evaluate the spatial variability of leaf content of macro and micronutrients. The citrus plants orchard with 5 years of age, planted at regular intervals of 8 x 7 m, was managed under drip irrigation. Leaf samples were collected from each plant to be analyzed in the laboratory. Data were analyzed using the software R, version 2.5.1 Copyright (C) 2007, along with geostatistics package GeoR. All contents of macro and micronutrients studied were adjusted to normal distribution and showed spatial dependence.The best-fit models, based on the likelihood, for the macro and micronutrients were the spherical and matern. It is suggest for the macronutrients nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and sulfur the minimum distances between samples of 37; 58; 29; 63; 46 and 15 m respectively, while for the micronutrients boron, copper, iron, manganese and zinc, the distances suggests are 29; 9; 113; 35 and 14 m, respectively.
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Hossain, SK Safdar, Bamidele Victor Ayodele, and Abdulrahman Almithn. "Predictive Modeling of Bioenergy Production from Fountain Grass Using Gaussian Process Regression: Effect of Kernel Functions." Energies 15, no. 15 (July 31, 2022): 5570. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15155570.
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Experimental studies have shown that bioethanol production from biomass sources has been reported to be influenced by several process parameters. It is not entirely known, however, how the interaction of these factors affects the concentration of bioethanol production. In this study, the use of Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) in predictive modeling of bioethanol production from fountain grass has been investigated. Parametric analysis showing the interaction effect of time, pH, temperature, and yeast extract on the bioethanol production was examined. The effect of kernel functions on the performance of the GPR in modeling the prediction of bioenergy output was also examined. The study shows that the kernel function, namely, rotational quadratic (RQGPR), squared exponential (SEGPR), Matern 5/2 (MGPR), exponential (EGPR), and the optimizable (Opt.GPR.), had varying effects on the performance of the GPR. Coefficients of determination (R2) of 0.648, 0.670, 0.667, 0.762, and 0.993 were obtained for the RQGPR, SEGPR, MGPR, EGPR, OptGPR, respectively. The OptGPR with R2 of 0.993 and RMSE of 45.13 displayed the best performance. The input parameters analysis revealed that the pH of the fermentation medium significantly influences bioethanol production. A proper understanding of how the various process variables affect bioethanol production will help in the real-time optimization of the process in the eventuality of scale-up.
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Elbeltagi, Ahmed, Aman Srivastava, Nand Lal Kushwaha, Csaba Juhász, János Tamás, and Attila Nagy. "Meteorological Data Fusion Approach for Modeling Crop Water Productivity Based on Ensemble Machine Learning." Water 15, no. 1 (December 22, 2022): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15010030.
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Crop water productivity modeling is an increasingly popular rapid decision making tool to optimize water resource management in agriculture for the decision makers. This work aimed to model, predict, and simulate the crop water productivity (CWP) for grain yields of both wheat and maize. Climate datasets were collected over the period from 1969 to 2019, including: mean temperature (Tmean), maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), relative humidity (H), solar radiation (SR), sunshine hours (Ssh), wind speed (WS), and day length (DL). Five machine learning (ML) methods were applied, including random forest (RF), support vector regression (SVM), bagged trees (BT), boosted trees (BoT), and matern 5/2 Gaussian process (MG). Models implemented by MG, including Tmean, SR, WS, and DL (Model 3); Tmax, Tmin, Tmean, SR, Ssh, WS, H, and DL (Model 8); Tmean, and SR (Model 9), were found optimal (r2 = 0.85) for forecasting CWP for wheat. Moreover, results of CWP for maize showed that the BT model, a combination of SR, WS, H, and Tmin data, achieved a high correlation coefficient of 0.82 compared to others. The outcomes demonstrated several high performance ML-based alternative CWP estimation methods in case of limited climatic data supporting decision making for designers, developers, and managers of water resources.
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Adebayo, Segun, Francis O. Aweda, Isaac A. Ojedokun, and James A. Agbolade. "Meteorological data prediction over selected stations in Sub-Sahara Africa: Leveraging on Machine Learning Algorithm." Ruhuna Journal of Science 13, no. 2 (December 31, 2022): 129–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/rjs.v13i2.120.
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This study investigated selected meteorological data prediction leveraging on a Machine Learning Algorithm Approach over five selected stations in Nigeria. The algorithm of Machine Learning was explored using weather parameters such as temperature, wind speed, wind direction and relative humidity to predict the rainfall rate. In the results, five Gaussian models (i.e., Rational Quadratic, Squared Exponential, Matern 5/2, Exponential and Optimized GPR) revealed different Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Mean Square Error (MSE), and Mean Absolute Error (MAE) with prediction speeds ranging from 15000 to 26000 and the training time included 7.936, 1.8923, 2.3701, 3.267 and 282.19, respectively. The predicted response as against the true response for the two models shows a linear graph passing through the origin which confirmed a perfect regression model, where all the points lie on a diagonal line. Therefore, the relationship between MSE, MAE and RMSE for different models revealed that the optimized GPR has a better performance as compared to others. More so, visualizing the relationship between the output variable (rainfall) and each input variable reveals that some input variables (relative humidity, rainfall, pressure, wind speed and direction) have a strong correlation with the output variable (rainfall), with others having a noisy relationship which is not very clear.
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Pensupa, Nattha, Treesukon Treebuppachartsakul, and Suejit Pechprasarn. "Machine Learning Models Using Data Mining for Biomass Production from Yarrowia lipolytica Fermentation." Fermentation 9, no. 3 (March 1, 2023): 239. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation9030239.
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In this paper, a database of biomass production from Yarrowia lipolytica fermentation is prepared and constructed using machine learning and data mining approaches. The database is curated from 15 publications and consists of 301 rows of data with 25 predictors and 1 label. The predictors include inoculum size, temperature, pH, and time, while the label is the corresponding biomass production. The database is then divided into training, validation, and test datasets and analyzed as a supervised machine learning task for regression. Twenty-six regression models are employed and compared for their performance in predicting biomass production. The best-performing model is the Matern 5/2 Gaussian process regression model, which has the lowest root-mean-squared error of 0.75 g/L, the highest R squared of 0.90, and the lowest mean absolute error of 0.52 g/L. The t-test is used to identify the most important predictors, and 14 predictors are sufficient for creating an accurate model. These 14 predictors are fermentation time, peptone, temperature, total Kjeldahl nitrogen, shaking rate, total nitrogen, inoculum size, yeast extract, crude glycerol, glucose, oil and grease, media pH, ammonium sulfate, and olive oil. This research demonstrates the application of machine learning and data mining to estimate biomass production and gives insight into which parameters are essential for Yarrowia lipolytica fermentation.
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Ekanayake, Piyal, Lasini Wickramasinghe, and Jeevani W. Jayasinghe. "Development of Crop-Weather Models Using Gaussian Process Regression for the Prediction of Paddy Yield in Sri Lanka." International Journal of Intelligent Systems and Applications 14, no. 4 (August 8, 2022): 52–665. http://dx.doi.org/10.5815/ijisa.2022.04.05.
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This research introduces machine learning models using the Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) depicting the association between paddy yield and weather in Sri Lanka. All major regions in the island with most contribution to the total paddy production were considered in this research. The climatic factors of rainfall, relative humidity, minimum temperature, maximum temperature, average wind speed, evaporation, and sunshine hours were considered as input (independent) variables, while the paddy yield was the output (dependent) variable. The collinearity within each pair of independent and dependent variables was determined using Spearman’s and Pearson’s correlation coefficients. Data sets corresponding to the two main annual paddy cultivation seasons since 2009 were trained in MATLAB to develop crop-weather models. The most appropriate Kernel function was chosen from among four types of Kernels viz. Rational Quadratic, Exponential, Squared Exponential, and Matern 5/2 based on their degree of coherence in modeling. This approach exploits the full potential of GPR in developing highly accurate crop-weather models. The performance of the crop-weather models was measured by the Correlation Coefficient, Mean Absolute Percentage Error, Mean Squared Error, Root Mean Squared Error Ratio, Nash Number and the BIAS. All the GPR-based models proposed in this paper are highly accurate in terms of the aforementioned evaluation metrics. Accordingly, when the climatic data are known or projected, the paddy yield and thereby the harvest of Sri Lanka can be predicted precisely by using the proposed crop-weather models.
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Wegerich, Philipp, and Hartmut Gehring. "An In vitro Laboratory Investigation on Layer Thickness-Independent Prediction of the Hemoglobin Concentration." Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering 4, no. 1 (September 1, 2018): 351–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cdbme-2018-0084.
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Abstract In the noninvasive determination of the hemoglobin concentration a main challenge is the "optical path". With sensors - fixed on human skin - the optical path cannot be exactly determined, as it is defined as the layer thickness in the Lambert Beer principle. The layer thickness is significantly involved in the optical interactions in the tissue. To circumvent this problem self-learning algorithms were evaluated which provide the hemoglobin concentration from reflection and transmission data without knowledge of the layer thickness. First various regression models were trained based on an high rate data set. To evaluate the six most promising models, a prediction dataset was measured in a prospective randomized and blinded study to guarantee integrity of the results. For both data sets, the transmission and reflection of diluted heparinized erythrocyte concentrate was determined with a double integrating sphere setup (laser diodes with 780 to 1310 nm). The evaluated hemoglobin concentrations ranged from 4 to 16 g/dl at a constant oxygen saturation above 97 %. Optical flow through cuvettes (1, 2, 3 mm) simulated different layer thicknesses of the blood. The evaluation of the predictions yielded that the layer thickness independent prediction of the hemoglobin concentration is feasible with the selected approaches. The mean absolute error (MAE) of the best regression model (GPRM - Matern 5/2) is 0.79 g/dl. In the clinically relevant tHb range of less than 8 g/dl the MAE was as low as 0.52 g/dl.
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Carbonell Blanco, Olga Alicia, Laura Estefanía García Rodríguez, and Milton Eduardo Bermúdez-Jaimes. "Estrategias de regulación emocional materna con bebés en situaciones de estrés: el uso del canto materno." Universitas Psychologica 18, no. 5 (December 30, 2019): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.11144/javeriana.upsy18-5.erem.
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El propósito de este estudio fue caracterizar las estrategias regulatorias empleadas por madres en la interacción con sus bebés durante el primer año de vida en las situaciones de estrés que ocurrían en el contexto natural (hogar) de cuidado diario. Así mismo, determinar si el canto materno cumplía una función regulatoria de los estados fisiológicos y emocionales del bebé. Se utilizó un diseño de investigación no experimental de tipo transversal, con una muestra no probabilística por conveniencia de 32 díadas madre-bebé, que pertenecían a estratos socioeconómicos bajos. Los hallazgos de este estudio permitieron establecer dos patrones de cuidado materno: Patrón Regulatorio Contingente y Patrón Regulatorio Poco/No Contingente. También, se pudo identificar que el canto materno cumple, entre otras, una función regulatoria en situaciones de estrés en las rutinas de cuidado cotidiano.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "MATERN 5"
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Ferrari, Solimar. "Câncer na gestação: avaliação de depressão, ansiedade, autoestima e vínculo materno-fetal." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5139/tde-07022019-150110/.
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Introdução: Atualmente, estima-se que uma em cada mil mulheres grávidas sejam portadoras de câncer. A associação do diagnóstico de câncer ao de gestação coloca a mulher numa condição vulnerável para o desenvolvimento de transtornos psicológicos. Objetivo: Comparar e avaliar a associação entre sintomatologia de depressão, ansiedade, autoestima e vínculo materno-fetal entre gestantes com diagnóstico de câncer e gestantes sem diagnóstico de câncer. Propõe-se também a realizar a análise do discurso da vivência do período gestacional com e sem o diagnóstico de câncer. Método: Foi realizado estudo transversal com 63 gestantes com diagnóstico de câncer atendidas no Ambulatório de Tumores na Gestação de um hospital universitário terciário e 72 gestantes sem diagnóstico de câncer atendidas no Ambulatório de Pré-Natal de baixo risco do mesmo serviço. Foram utilizadas as escalas de Apego Materno-Fetal (MFAS), Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD), Subescala de Autoestima do Prenatal Psychosocial Profile (PPP) e entrevista semidirigida que investigou questões relacionadas à gravidez e ao adoecimento por câncer. Os testes Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, de Dunn, qui-quadrado de Pearson e o teste exato de Fisher foram utilizados. O nível de significância adotado foi de 5%. A análise qualitativa foi realizada por meio da Técnica de Análise de Conteúdo. Resultados: Neste estudo constatou-se presença de sintomatologia depressiva em 33,3% das gestantes com câncer e em 18,1% nas gestantes sem câncer. Observou-se que as gestantes com diagnóstico de câncer quando comparadas às gestantes sem diagnóstico de câncer apresentaram menor renda per capita (p > 0,001), menor escolaridade (p=0,001), maior paridade (p < 0,001), menor trabalho remunerado (p=0,015), maior prevalência de depressão (p=0,041), ansiedade (p=0,039) e autoestima rebaixada (p < 0,001). Na análise feita por meio da combinação de diagnóstico de câncer e de depressão, evidenciou-se que a ansiedade estava associada à depressão e não com o diagnóstico de câncer. Com relação à autoestima, na combinação dos grupos evidenciou-se que o rebaixamento da autoestima estava relacionado à presença de câncer e não com a depressão. Aos resultados qualitativos foram atribuídas categorias em ambos os grupos: Descoberta da gestação, Vivência pré-natal, Relacionamento com o feto e Significado da gravidez. Em relação às entrevistas somente com as gestantes com câncer foram definidas as categorias: Como foi a descoberta da doença, Vivência do tratamento do câncer, Adaptação ao adoecimento, Crenças sobre o relacionamento com o feto, Vivência do câncer na gestação e Significado atribuído ao câncer. Conclusão: Este estudo evidenciou diferenças significativas entre presença de sintomatologia depressiva, ansiosa e baixa autoestima entre gestantes com diagnóstico de câncer quando comparadas com as sem o diagnóstico. Na análise qualitativa, constatou-se que com relação ao relacionamento com o feto foram identificadas as seguintes categorias: Conversa, Bom relacionamento, Medo, Alegria, Milagre e Não se relaciona. Com relação à Vivência do câncer na gestação foram evidenciadas as categorias: Enfoque negativo, Enfoque positivo, Dualidade e Normal. Sobre o significado da gravidez, as categorias foram: Enfoque positivo, Responsabilidade e Não sabe explicar. Em relação ao significado atribuído ao câncer, as categorias demonstradas foram: Morte/sofrimento, Cura/tratamento, Superação e CausaIntroduction: Currently, it is estimated that one in every thousand pregnant women are suffering from cancer. The association of the diagnosis of cancer with that of pregnancy puts a woman in a vulnerable condition for the development of psychological disorders. Objective: This Doctoral thesis aimed to evaluate and verify the association between symptoms of depression, anxiety, self-esteem and maternal-fetal bond among pregnant women diagnosed with cancer and pregnant women without a cancer diagnosis. It also proposed to understand the discourse of the experience of the gestational period with and without the diagnosis of cancer. Method: A cross-sectional study was performed with 63 pregnant women diagnosed with cancer, assisted at the Clinic of Tumors in Pregnancy of a tertiary university hospital and 72 pregnant women without a cancer diagnosis, assisted at the Clinic of Low-risk Prenatal care of the same service. These scales were used: MFAS for maternal-fetal bonding, Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD), self-esteem sub-scale of Prenatal Psychosocial Profile (PPP) and a semi-structured interview that investigated issues related to pregnancy and illness due to cancer. The Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, Dunn, Pearson\'s chi-square and Fisher\'s exact tests were used. The level of significance was 5%. The qualitative analysis was performed by means of the Content Analysis Technique. Results: In this study, the presence of depressive symptoms was found in 33.3% of pregnant women with cancer and in 18.1% pregnant women without cancer. It was observed that the pregnant women diagnosed with cancer when compared to pregnant women without a cancer diagnosis presented lower per capita income (p > .001), lower level of schooling (p=0.001); higher number of pregnancies (p < 0.001), lower paid job (p=0.015), higher prevalence of depression (p=0.041), anxiety (p=0.039) and lowered self-esteem (p < 0.001). In the analysis made through the combination of cancer diagnosis and depression, it was shown that anxiety was associated with depression and not with the diagnosis of cancer. Regarding the self-esteem, the combination of the groups showed that the lowering of self-esteem is related to the presence of cancer and not with depression. These categories were attributed to the qualitative results in both groups: Pregnancy discovery, Prenatal experience, Relationship with the fetus and Meaning of pregnancy. With respect to the interviews only with the pregnant women with cancer, the following categories were defined: How was the discovery of the disease, Cancer treatment experience, Adaptation to the illness, Beliefs about the relationship with the fetus, Cancer experience during pregnancy and Meanings attributed to cancer. Conclusion: This study showed significant differences between the presence of depressive symptomatology, anxiety and low self-esteem among pregnant women diagnosed with cancer when compared to those without the diagnosis. In the qualitative analysis, it was found that with regard to the relationship with the fetus the following categories were identified: Chatting, Good relationship, Fear, Joy, Miracle and Not related. Regarding the Cancer experience during pregnancy, the following categories were highlighted: Negative focus, Positive focus, Duality and Normal. About the meaning of pregnancy, the categories were: Positive focus, Responsibility and Cannot explain. In relation to the meaning attributed to cancer, the categories shown were: Death/suffering, Healing/treatment, Overcoming and Cause
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Agustoni, Camila de Almeida. "Influência do polimorfismo do gene do CCR-5 na transmissão materno-infantil do HIV-1." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/22/22132/tde-28112011-081634/.
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A principal via de infecção pelo Vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana (HIV-1) em crianças é a transmissão materno-infantil (TMI). Diversos fatores podem estar associados com a TMI do HIV-1. Acredita-se que indivíduos homozigotos para o alelo CCR5-?32 são resistentes à infecção pelo HIV-1. Considerando que ainda permanece controverso o papel dos mecanismos envolvidos, especificamente o de polimorfismos de genes associados à infecção do HIV-1, este estudo avalia a influência da deleção do gene CCR5 na TMI da infecção pelo HIV-1. Foram avaliadas 82 duplas de mães e filhos, sendo 56 duplas em que não ocorreu a TMI e 26 em que ocorreu a TMI do HIV-1. Na presente casuística, não detectamos diferenças significantes ao compararmos a presença da deleção do gene CCR5 na TMI, nas duplas de mãe e filhos, mas observamos que há uma predominância da presença da deleção nos filhos não infectados em comparação aos que foram verticalmente infectados. Relativo aos dados socio-demográficos, a utilização da terapia antirretroviral na gestação e parto foram significantemente associados com a proteção da TMI do HIV-1(p= 0,0001 e p= 0,014, respectivamente). Assim, a promoção de intervenções que reduzam a carga viral materna são fundamentais para a redução da TMI do HIV-1. Várias são as estratégias de prevenção da TMI, entretanto, crianças ainda são infectadas, evidenciando-se que ainda há um amplo desafio na sua prevenção. Nesse contexto, a enfermagem pode contribuir com ações que envolvem o pré-natal, parto e puerpério, realizando aconselhamento quanto à realização do teste anti-HIV, utilização de antirretrovirais, promoção e o apoio de práticas ideais de alimentação infantil.The main via of infection by Human Imunodeficiency Virus (HIV-1) in children is the maternal-infant transmission (MIT). Several factors can be associated to MIT of HIV- 1. It\'s believed that the homozygote individual to the allele CCR5-?32 are resistant to the infection of HIV-1. Considering that the role of the mechanisms involved are still controversial, specifically the one of polymorphism of genes associated to the infection of HIV-1, this study evaluates the influence of deletion of the gene CCR5 in the MIT of the infection by HIV-1. It has been evaluated 82 couples of mothers and children, being 56 couples in which haven\'t occurred MIT and 26 in which have occurred MIT of HIV-1. In the current casuistry, it hasn\'t been detected meaningful differences when compared the presence of deletion of the gene CCR5 in MIT, in mother and children\'s couples, but it has been observed that there is a predominance of the presence of deletion in the not infected children to the ones vertically infected. Related to the social-demographic data, the use of antiretroviral therapy in the gestation and labor was meaningfully associated to the protection of MIT of HIV-1 (p= 0,0001 e p= 0,014, respectively). Therefore, the promotion of interventions that reduce the maternal viral load are fundamental for the reduction of MIT of HIV-1. There are several strategies to prevent the MIT, thus, children are still infected, becoming evident that there is still a wide challenge of its prevention. In this context, the nursing can contribute with actions that involve the prenatal, labor and puerperium, advising about the realization of the test of anti-HIV, the usage of antiretrovials, promotion and support of ideal practices of infant nourishment.
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Dias, João Félix. "Colonização por estreptococo do grupo B em gestantes em Cuiabá." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5141/tde-29102014-154314/.
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Objetivos: Determinar a taxa de prevalência de colonização materna por Estreptococo do grupo B na população de gestantes com idade gestacional de 35 semanas ou mais frequentadoras do pré-natal em dois hospitais (Hospital Universitário Júlio Muller - HUJM e Hospital Beneficente Santa Helena) na cidade de Cuiabá, Mato Grosso. Materiais e Métodos: Entre outubro de 2011 e 2013 foram avaliadas 258 gestantes no HUJM e do Hospital Santa Helena. Após concordarem e assinarem o TCLE, as gestantes de 35 semanas ou mais que não tinham sido submetidas ao exame ginecológico e não estavam em uso de antibióticos e atendiam aos critérios de inclusão, foram submetidas a coleta de swab vaginal e retal conforme protocolo estabelecido. Acondicionado em meio de transporte Stuart e no laboratório cultivado em caldo Granada bifásico IGBL. Após 24 horas, amostras com coloração laranja ou avermelhada foram consideradas positivas, caso contrário, nova leitura com 48 horas de cultivo. Os dados foram submetidos a análise estatística utilizando o EPI-Info da OMS. Resultados: Das 258 amostras 13,95% foram positivas para o EGB com IC (95%) de 9.70% a 18.21%. A avaliação estratificada pela idade gestacional predominou nas gestantes de 36 semanas com 35% de positividade, 10.87% para 37 semanas. E 5.88% para 35 semanas. No trabalho de parto prematuro 33.33% e na amniorrexe prematura 28,57% dos casos eram positivos para o EGB. Os demais parâmetros analisados não mostraram significância estatística. Conclusões: A taxa de prevalência da colonização pelo EGB de uma forma global foi estimada em 13.95%, sendo mais elevada na idade gestacional de 36 semanas com taxa de 35%. Este trabalho deve mudar as políticas públicas de saúde na cidade de CuiabáPurpose: To determine the prevalence rate of maternal colonization by Group B Streptococcus in the population of pregnant women in the gestational age of 35 or more weeks, attending prenatal care in two hospitals (HUJM - Hospital Universitário Júlio Muller and Hospital Santa Helena), in the city of Cuiabá, Mato Grosso. Materials and methods: Between October 2011 and October 2013, 258 pregnant women were assessed in HUJM and Hospital Santa Helena. After agreeing and signing the FCCT (Free and clarified Consent Term), those pregnant women of 35 weeks or more, who had not undergone gynecological examination, who were not on antibiotics and who also met the inclusion criteria, were subjected to vaginal and rectal swab collection, according to the established protocol. Stowed in Stuart transport medium and cultivated in IGBL biphasic Granada Broth in the laboratory. After 24 hours, samples with orange or reddish colors were considered positive, otherwise, new evaluation with a 48-hour culture was done. Data were submitted to statistical analysis, using OMS\' EPI-Info. The results: From the 258 given samples, 13.21% were positive for EGB, CI (95%) from 9.70% to 18.21%. Evaluation stratified by gestational age was predominant in pregnant women of 36 weeks with 35% positivity rate, 10.87% of pregnant women of 37 weeks and 5.88% of women of 35 weeks. During preterm labor 33.33% and in premature rupture of membranes, 28.57% cases were positive for GBS. Other analyzed parameters showed no significant statistically. Conclusion: The overall prevalence rate of GBS colonization was estimated at 13.95%, being higher in the gestational age of 36 weeks, with a rate of 35%. The present work should change public health policies in the city of Cuiabá
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Macedo, Alessandra Regina Vieira Caetano de. "O desenvolvimento das habilidades de alimentação do bebê no primeiro ano de vida: uma perspectiva fonoaudiológica de promoção de saúde." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5137/tde-10092012-151808/.
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Objetivos: Verificar os efeitos do acompanhamento fonoaudiológico no desenvolvimento das habilidades de alimentação do bebê no primeiro ano de vida. Métodos: Estudo de coorte prospectivo realizado entre abril de 2010 a maio de 2011, com binômios mãe/bebê inicialmente em uma maternidade na zona sul do município de São Paulo e acompanhados durante 12 meses. O grupo estudo foi constituído de RNs com 24 a 48 horas de vida, filhos de mães primigestas e maiores de 18 anos de idade, com escore 11 de acordo com o Escala de Avaliação Motora-Oral em Berçário, submetidos a acompanhamento fonoaudiológico. O grupo controle foi obtido de bebês nascidos na mesma maternidade, com APGAR 9 e > 2.500g., de mães com mesmas características, contatadas aos 12 meses. Resultados: A prevalência de desmame foi semelhante em ambos os grupos, entretanto o aleitamento materno apresentou Md de 7m e 5m nos grupos estudo e controle respectivamente (p=0,04). A introdução da consistência alimentar sólida foi em média 7,8m e 9,6m (p<0,01). Os copos de transição foram utilizados por 92,9% e 70,2% (p=0,01) e canudos por 59,5% e 27,7% (p=0,003). A prevalência do uso de chupeta foi 54,0% e 27,7% (p=0,01) aos 12 meses. Conclusões: O grupo acompanhado mostrou melhora no desempenho do aleitamento materno aos 2 meses. Comparado ao grupo controle, apresentou desmame mais tardio; redução do tempo de introdução da consistência sólida, mais utilização dos utensílios e menor prevalência do uso de chupeta aos 12mObjectives: Investigate the effects of speech therapy in the development of feeding skills of the baby in the first year of life Methods: A prospective cohort study between April 2010 and May 2011 whit mother / baby binomial in a maternity hospital in the southern area of São Paulo and followed during 12 months. The study group consisted of newborns with 24 to 48 hours of life, children of primigravid mothers older than 18 years of age, wich had a score 11 according to the Oral-Motor in Nursery Assessment Scale undergoing speech therapy. The control group was obtained from babies born at the same hospital, with Apgar 9 and > 2,500 g, from mothers with similar characteristics who were contacted at 12 months. Results: The prevalence of weaning was similar in both groups, however breastfeeding presented Md of 7m and 5m in the study and control groups respectively (p = 0.04). The introduction of solid consistency food was at 7.8 m and 9.6 m (p <0.01). The glass transition were used by 92.9% and 70.2% (p = 0.01) and straws by 59.5% and 27.7% (p = 0.003). The prevalence of pacifier use was 54.0% and 27.7% (p = 0.01) at 12 months. Conclusions: The study group, compared to the control, presented: improvement in the performance of breastfeeding at 2 months, later weaning, reducing time for introduction of solid consistency food, wider use of utensils and lower prevalence of pacifier use at 12m
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Fakhri, Nansi. "Microwave-Assisted Conversion of Sucrose into 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural over Acidic Nanoporous Materials." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/33360.
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With increased worries of our Nations’ reliance on fossil fuels and their deleterious effects on the environment, researchers are concentrating on developing sustainable alternative sources for energy and chemicals. One potential starting resource that is worldwide distributed and renewable is biomass. Cellulose, the most plentiful source of biomass on earth, can be hydrolyzed into biofuel precursors such as 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF). However, due to the poor solubility of cellulose and its robust crystalline structure, current methods available to degrade cellulose into these biofuel precursors are costly, result in low yields along with a large amount of waste. Generally, fructose is the preferred feedstock for the synthesis of HMF with high efficiency and selectivity. However, the large-scale production of HMF from fructose is limited due to the scarcity and the high cost of fructose. Therefore, it is desirable to use a cheaper renewable starting material for the synthesis of HMF such as sucrose. This study is conducted to develop an efficient one-pot process to synthesize HMF from biomass, particularly sucrose, using various sulfonated heterogeneous catalysts such as ordered mesoporous silica, bridged periodic mesoporous organosilicas (PMO) and carbon materials. The HMF yields in the presence of such acidic nanoporous materials were comparable to those using much less environmentally-friendly metal-based catalysts.
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Schupp, Tânia Regina. "Gravidez após os 40 anos de idade: análise dos fatores prognósticos para resultados maternos e perinatais diversos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5139/tde-03052007-142303/.
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Muitas mulheres estão adiando a maternidade até a 4ª ou 5ª década de vida, um fenômeno mundial. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar resultado da gestação em 281 mulheres com 40 anos ou mais, atendidas no Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo entre Julho de 1998 e Julho de 2005. A incidência de diabetes gestacional e doença hipertensiva específica da gestação (DHEG) foi de 14,6% e 19,6%, respectivamente. Dezessete (6,0%) mulheres tiveram abortamento e 4 (1,4%) óbito fetal. Três recém-nascidos apresentavam síndrome de Down e 6 outras malformações (índice de detecção de 88,9%). Mulheres com DHEG tiveram maior risco para fetos com baixo peso. História prévia de hipertensão não foi fator de risco para DHEG. Gestantes com DHEG ou diabetes gestacional não apresentaram risco maior para parto pré-termo. Obesidade foi fator de risco para diabetes gestacional. Mulheres sem companheiro e nulíparas tiveram maior incidência de malformações e baixos índices de Apgar. Mulheres com idade materna muito avançada (maior ou igual a 45 anos) apresentaram incidência maior de óbito fetal e de índice de Apgar baixo. A assistência pré-natal específica possibilita a detecção das complicações maternas e a instituição precoce do tratamentoMany women are delaying childbearing until the fourth or fifth decade in life, and it has become a common and worldwide phenomenon. The aim of this study is to evaluate pregnancy outcome in women of 40 or older who were care at our institution. During the period from July 1998 to July 2005 a total of 281 women with advanced maternal age presenting at Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo were studied. The incidence of gestational diabetes and preeclampsia was 14.6% e 19.2%, respectively. Seventeen women had miscarriage (6.0%) and four presented fetal death (1.4%). There were three infants with Down syndrome and six with other anomalies (detection rate of 88.9%). Women presenting preeclampsia were at higher risk for presenting low birthweight. Previous history of hypertension was not a risk factor for preeclampsia. Pregnant women with gestational diabetes or preeclampsia did not carry a higher risk for preterm delivery. Obesity was a significant prognostic factor for gestational diabetes. Nulliparous and single women had higher incidence of fetal anomalies and low Apgar score. Women with very advanced maternal age (>= 45 years old) had higher rate of fetal death and low Apgar score. Prenatal care devoted for women with advanced maternal age allows an early detection and treatment of adverse maternal-fetal outcomes.
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Nascimento, Maria Beatriz Reinert do. "Caracteristícas do aleitamento materno no município de Joinville, SC." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5141/tde-06112009-173310/.
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O aleitamento materno é o modo mais natural e seguro de alimentação na primeira infância. O leite humano proporciona uma combinação única de nutrientes, células vivas e elementos de defesa, assim como benefícios nutricionais, imunológicos, psicológicos e econômicos reconhecidos e inquestionáveis, tanto a curto como a longo prazo. Como política global de saúde pública, a Organização Mundial da Saúde recomenda que a amamentação seja exclusiva até o sexto mês de vida. Após essa idade, alimentos complementares devem ser iniciados, e o aleitamento materno mantido beneficamente até dois anos ou mais. É essencial tomar conhecimento das condições de saúde, de assistência e de vida de uma determinada população, inclusive àquelas relativas à nutrição infantil, para tanto, o diagnóstico rápido dos índices de aleitamento materno em campanhas de vacinação constitui uma importante estratégia. O objetivo geral desse estudo foi determinar a prevalência do aleitamento materno entre os lactentes menores de um ano de idade no município de Joinville (SC). Os objetivos específicos foram: caracterizar o tipo de aleitamento entre os lactentes menores de um ano de idade, conhecer a prevalência do aleitamento materno exclusivo em lactentes de quatro e seis meses de vida, descrever a freqüência de utilização de chupetas e mamadeiras, estudar a associação entre a ausência do aleitamento materno exclusivo e variáveis maternas, do lactente e de assistência de saúde em menores de seis meses de vida. Nossa pesquisa foi desenhada como um estudo transversal, com coleta de dados de uma amostra auto-ponderada de 1470 lactentes com idade inferior à um ano, e realizada durante a Campanha Nacional de Vacinação, em agosto de 2005, com a utilização de recordatório alimentar das últimas 24 horas. As variáveis pesquisadas relacionadas ao lactente foram: idade, sexo, peso de nascimento, ordem de nascimento e uso de chupeta. As variáveis maternas analisadas foram: idade, escolaridade e trabalho da mãe. As variáveis estudadas relacionadas à assistência de saúde foram: tipo do parto, local de nascimento e de atendimento do lactente, e profissional responsável pelo atendimento de puericultura. Para avaliar possíveis associações entre o aleitamento materno não-exclusivo até o sexto mês e as variáveis de interesse, foram calculadas as razões de prevalência e o intervalo de confiança de 95%, obtidos pela regressão de Poisson. Os resultados mostraram que a prevalência do aleitamento materno em lactentes com idade inferior a um ano foi de 72,5%. A prevalência de amamentação em menores de seis meses foi de 84,1%, sendo que o índice de aleitamento materno exclusivo foi 43,7%. A prevalência de amamentação em menores de quatro meses foi de 89,8%, sendo que a taxa de aleitamento materno exclusivo foi 53,9%. As freqüências de utilização de chupetas e mamadeiras em lactentes com idade inferior a um ano foram 51,3% e 51,1%, respectivamente. Associaram-se significativamente à ausência de aleitamento materno exclusivo em lactentes menores de seis meses: idade do lactente maior ou igual a 90 dias, uso de chupeta e escolaridade materna menor que 12 anosBreastfeeding is the safest and most natural form of feeding in infancy. Human milk contains a unique combination of nutrients, living cells and defense factors, and the short- and long-term nutritional, immunological, psychological and economic benefits of breastfeeding are well known and unquestionable. As a global public health policy, the World Health Organization recommends exclusive breastfeeding up to the sixth month of life. After that age, complementary foods should be introduced, but breastfeeding should continue until the child is two years or older. Public health policies, particularly those that promote infant nutrition, should be defined according to the health, healthcare and living conditions of a certain population. For this purpose, a rapid evaluation of breastfeeding rates is an important strategy. The general objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of breastfeeding among infants in the city of Joinville, SC. The specific objectives were: to characterize the kind of breastfeeding among infants younger than one year of age, to determine the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding among infants younger than four and six months of age, to describe the frequency of pacifier and bottle use, to investigate the association between lack of exclusive breastfeeding for infants younger than 6 months and maternal, infant and healthcare variables. The data for this cross-sectional population survey were collected during the National Vaccination Campaign in August 2005 among the persons that accompanied 1470 infants to the vaccination clinics, using a questionnaire with closed questions, most of them about the infants feeding in the previous 24 hours. The infantile variables investigated were: age, gender, birthweight, infant birth order and use of pacifier. The maternal variables analysed were: age, maternal schooling and occupation. The healthcare variables studied were: mode of delivery, delivery in a Baby-Friendly Hospital, healthcare in public or private service, and preventive healthcare provided by pediatrician or other specialist. To evaluate possible risk factors of non-exclusive breastfeeding up to the sixth month, the Prevalence Ratio calculated by Poisson Regression was used as measure of association in bivariate and multivariate analysis. The results showed an overall rate of breastfeeding of 72.5%. The inquiry revealed that 84,1% of the infants younger than six months of age had been breastfed in the previous 24 hours, 43.7% of them exclusively. The inquiry revealed that 89.8% of the infants younger than four months of age had been breastfed in the previous 24 hours, 53.9% of them exclusively. Pacifiers and bottles were used by 51.3% and 51.1% of the infants. Factors significantly associated with the interruption of exclusive breastfeeding for infants up to six months were: age of 90 days or more, pacifier use and mother educational level of less than 12 years
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Boreggio, Bianca Wierman. "A prematuridade no discurso materno: de que se trata?" Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5141/tde-20062016-144607/.
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Quais os efeitos do diagnóstico de prematuridade no discurso das mães e suas repercussões na relação mãe-criança? Partindo desta questão, que surgiu na experiência psicanalítica em um hospital pediátrico, o presente estudo visa analisar os efeitos do diagnóstico de prematuridade no discurso materno a partir de entrevistas psicanalíticas preliminares com mães de crianças prematuras. Trata-se de uma pesquisa clínica qualitativa que propõe uma articulação entre clínica e teoria a partir da construção de quatro casos clínicos fundamentados pelo referencial teórico da psicanálise de Freud, Lacan e autores contemporâneos. Se no imaginário social a prematuridade é associada a dificuldades em diversos contextos da vida, a análise de cada caso revela que este diagnóstico pode ou não ser encadeado pelo sujeito aos significantes que o marcam de forma prevalente. Nesta via, a prematuridade se desloca do lugar determinante de algo que sempre marca e decide, para um lugar que só pode ser escutado no um a um. Para a análise dos casos, elencou-se a divisão mãe-mulher como operador conceitual central dada sua prevalência nos discursos, em um percurso teórico que parte da história do amor materno ao exame psicanalítico da maternidade a partir da sexualidade feminina. Tais considerações partem do mito do amor materno de Badinter, em direção à equivalência do filho como substituto da falta fálica em Freud, até à ênfase ao desejo da mulher na mãe em Lacan. A discussão apresenta os diferentes lugares atribuídos à prematuridade por cada sujeito feminino e a prevalência de impasses próprios à conjunção e disjunção mãe-mulher incidindo na relação mãe-criançaWhat are the effects of the diagnosis of prematurity on mothers\' discourse and their repercussions on the mother-child relationship? Based on an issue that arose in the psychoanalytic experience in a pediatric hospital, this study aims to analyze the effects of the prematurity on the maternal speech by means of preliminary psychoanalytic interviews with mothers of premature children. This is a clinical qualitative research that proposes some articulation between clinical practice and theory based on the construction of four clinical cases justified by the theoretical reference of the psychoanalysis of Freud, Lacan and contemporary authors. If, in the social imagery, prematurity is associated with difficulties in various contexts of life, the analysis of each case shows that this diagnosis may or may not be triggered by the subject towards those significant ones who label them in such a defining form. In this sense, prematurity moves away from the place determinant of something that always labels and decides, into a place that can only be heard about in oneto- one conversations. For the case studies, the mother-woman disintegration has been singled out as a central conceptual operator due to its prevalence in the speeches, in a theoretical route based on the history of maternal love, under the psychoanalytical examination of maternity from the perspective of female sexuality. Such considerations are based on the myth of Badinter\'s maternal love toward the equivalence of the son as a surrogate for the lack of phallus, in Freud, to the emphasis on the woman\'s desire in the mother, in Lacan. The discussion presents the different roles allocated to prematurity and the prevalence of deadlocks typical of the mother-woman conjunction and disjunction reflected on the mother-child relationship
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Brito, Maria Haydée Augusto. "Modelos de assistência neonatal: comparação entre o método mãe-canguru e o método tradicional." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5141/tde-14102008-153456/.
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Os recém-nascidos de muito baixo peso ao nascer alcançam taxas de sobrevivência cada vez maiores. No entanto, eles ainda apresentam problemas como déficit de crescimento, atrasos do desenvolvimento, baixa prevalência de aleitamento materno exclusivo e dificuldades de vinculação afetiva com a família. Essa problemática resulta da condição de nascimento dessas crianças, das conseqüências do tratamento intensivo necessário à sua sobrevivência, e das peculiaridades da assistência neonatal tradicional cujos procedimentos impõem a separação entre a mãe e o bebê. A observação de aspectos relativos aos problemas citados sinaliza que algumas dessas dificuldades poderiam ser atenuadas, quando não resolvidas, por um modelo de assistência neonatal que privilegiasse a interação entre a mãe e o bebê. Visando a elucidar tal questão, compararam-se os resultados obtidos com setenta bebês, divididos em dois grupos, um assistido pelo método Mãe-canguru e outro pelo método Tradicional de assistência neonatal. Foi realizado um estudo de coorte prospectivo que contemplou duas abordagens: uma análise epidemiológica dos dados objetivos referentes às características comparáveis entre os dois grupos, ou seja, atributos maternos, dados sobre a gestação, o parto e o nascimento, eventos da evolução clínica, parâmetros do crescimento e do desenvolvimento e marcos do processo de aleitamento materno; além da outra abordagem que se constituiu como uma análise compreensiva dos dados subjetivos através do método fenomenológico. Constatou-se que o crescimento das crianças estudadas manteve-se aquém da referência ideal preconizada, a saber, o crescimento intra-uterino, sendo que as medidas antropométricas mostraram-se menores entre as crianças do método Canguru. As diferenças encontradas entre os dois métodos quanto ao desenvolvimento neurossocial não foram estatisticamente significativas. O método Canguru favoreceu a prática de aleitamento materno exclusivo, mesmo após a alta hospitalar. A compreensão e a interpretação dos depoimentos das mães, através do método fenomenológico, permitiram que se vislumbrassem as repercussões dessa situação sobre a função materna, e as suas conseqüências sobre o desenvolvimento e a prevalência do aleitamento materno. Deslindou-se, assim, a influência direta da qualidade da interação entre a mãe e o bebê sobre a experiência de se tornar mãe nessas circunstâncias. Nessa perspectiva, concluiu-se que o cuidado dispensado a recém-nascidos de muito baixo peso ao nascer exige, além do emprego da alta tecnologia, a priorização da permanência da mãe junto ao filho e a aptidão da equipe de assistência neonatal para abordar o bebê e a mãe em conjunto, como componentes de um sistema que se distinguem entre si, mas não se separam.Very low birthweight infants have achieved increasing survival rates over time. However, they still suffer from problems such as growth deficit, developmental delays, low exclusive breastfeeding prevalence and difficulties with the bond formation process. These problems result from birth circumstances, consequences of survival-necessary intensive care and peculiarities of traditional neonatal care, whose procedures impose a prolonged separation between mother and baby. Observation of aspects relative to these problems indicates that some of those difficulties might be lessened, if not altogether solved, by a neonatal care model that favors the mother-child interaction. Aiming to clarify this matter, a comparison of results obtained for seventy babies was carried out. Infants were divided in two groups, one treated by means of the Kangaroo Mother Method and the other by means of the Traditional Neonatal Care Method. A prospective cohort study was carried out which included two approaches. The first approach was an epidemiological analysis of objective data concerning comparable characteristics of the two groups, such as maternal characteristics, data about pregnancy, labor and birth, clinical evolution events, developmental and growth parameters and landmarks of the breastfeeding process. The second approach was a comprehensive study of subjective data by means of the Phenomenological Method. It was found that growth of studied children was consistently below intrauterine growth, the established ideal. Antropometrical measures were smaller for children in the Kangaroo Mother Method group than for those treated by means of the Traditional Method. No statistically meaningful differences were found concerning neurosocial development. The Kangaroo Mother Method was found to favor the practice of exclusive breastfeeding even after child discharge. Phenomenological comprehension and interpretation of oral accounts given by the mothers of studied infants about their experiences with their preterm children revealed the repercussions of this situation on maternal function and the resulting consequences to development and breastfeeding prevalence. The direct influence that the quality of interaction between mother and baby has on the experience of becoming a mother under such circumstances was thereby unveiled. Under this perspective, it was concluded that care given to very low birthweight infants requires, in addition to the employment of high technology, that the staying of mothers beside their infants be prioritized and that the neonatal care team be made able to handle mother and infant as a compound unit, as two components of a system that are distinct, yet not separate.
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Nogueira, Priscila Seravalli Calmon. "Sobrecarga e restrição de cloreto de sódio durante a gestação: repercussão sobre a estrutura cardíaca e renal no neonato." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5148/tde-20052016-110245/.
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Introdução: Diversos estudos indicaram consequências de alterações na nutrição materna durante a gestação sobre a saúde da prole adulta, tais como: hipertensão, doenças cardiovasculares, resistência à insulina, diabete melito e doença renal. No entanto, a literatura é pobre em avaliações decorrentes de modificações nutricionais maternas sobre a prole logo após o nascimento. Métodos: Ratas Wistar durante o período gestacional foram alimentadas com dieta hipossódica (HO - 0,15% de NaCl), normossódica (NR - 1,3% de NaCl) ou hipersódica (HR - 8% de Na Cl). Após o nascimento, nas primeiras vinte e quatro horas foram coletados rins e coração dos neonatos machos e fêmeas (n=6- 8/grupo) para verificar as possíveis alterações na estrutura cardíaca e renal pelo método de estereologia. Também foi avaliada a expressão proteica e gênica dos componentes do sistema renina angiotensina (SRA) no coração e rins através do método ELISA indireto e RT-qPCR. Resultados: O peso ao nascimento foi menor em machos e fêmeas da prole de mães alimentadas com dieta hipossódica durante a gestação quando comparado NR e HR. Não houve diferença no volume renal, volume de seus compartimentos (córtex, medula e pelve) e número de glomérulos entre os grupos experimentais (HO, NR e HR). No entanto, o número de glomérulos foi maior em fêmeas comparado aos machos nos três grupos experimentais. O diâmetro transverso do núcleo dos cardiomiócitos no ventrículo esquerdo e no ventrículo direito de machos da prole HR foi maior do que na prole NR. A expressão proteica do receptor AT1 no rim de machos da prole foi menor no grupo HO do que no grupo NR e HR. A expressão proteica do receptor AT2 também foi menor em machos do grupo HO do que no grupo NR. Não houve diferença entre os grupos na expressão proteica dos receptores AT1 e AT2 no rim das fêmeas. Conclusão: O presente estudo detectou alterações na estrutura cardíaca de neonatos machos, mas não em neonatos fêmeas decorrentes de sobrecarga de sal durante a gravidez. As alterações observadas na expressão dos receptores AT1 e AT2 no rim de neonatos machos podem ser responsáveis por alterações na função renalIntroduction: Several studies have shown several consequences on adult offspring due to alterations in maternal nutrition during pregnancy, such as: hypertension, heart diseases, insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus and kidney diseases. Nevertheless, few studies evaluated maternal nutritional alterations in neonates. Methods: Female Wistar rats where fed from day one of pregnancy until delivery with low- (LS - 0.15% NaCl), normal- (NS - 1.3% NaCl) or high- (HS - 8%NaCl) salt diet. During the first twenty-four hours after birth, newborn\'s (n=6- 8/group) kidneys and heart were collected to evaluate possible changes of their structure by stereology. The protein and the gene expression of the renin angiotensin system components were evaluated by indirect ELISA and by RTqPCR, respectively. Results: Birth weight was lower in male and female offspring of dams fed LS during pregnancy. No differences between groups (LS, NS and HS) were observed in total renal volume and its compartments (cortex, medulla and pelvis) and number of glomeruli. The number of glomeruli was higher in female when compared to male newborns in the three experimental groups. The transverse diameter of the nuclei of the cardiomyocytes was higher in HS in both left and right ventricle vs. NS. The AT1 receptor protein expression was lower in kidneys of LS than in NS and HS male newborns. AT2 receptor protein expression was also lower in male LS than in NS. No differences in AT1 and AT2 receptors protein expression in female newborn\'s kidneys were found. Conclusion: The present study shows changes in cardiac structure male but not of female neonates induced salt overload during pregnancy. The alterations observed in AT1 and AT2 expression in kidneys of neonates may be responsible for alteration in renal function
Books on the topic "MATERN 5"
1
Villani, Sebastiano. Dante in Basilicata: Atti dei Convegni di Pietrapertosa e Matera : Dantisti lucani, Francesco Torraca e Rocco Montano (Matera-Pietrapertosa 4-5 dicembre 2015), Dante in Ungheria (Matera 17 dicembre 2015). Venosa (Pz): Osanna edizioni, 2019.
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2
Reis, Alexandre Augusto dos. Mortalidade materna na Maternidade Lucrécia Paim--Luanda: Um estudo de 5 anos (1990-1994). [Luanda: s.n.], 1995.
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3
1941-, Carucci P., Buttazzo Massimo, and Italy. Ufficio centrale per i beni archivistici., eds. Gli archivi per la storia dell'alimentazione: Atti del convegno, Potenza-Matera, 5-8 settembre 1988. Roma: Ministero per i beni culturali e ambientali, Ufficio centrale per i beni archivisitici, 1995.
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4
Anna e Gioacchino: I nonni materni di Gesù : indagine sul Protovangelo di Giacomo 1-5. Bologna: EDB Edizioni Dehoniane Bologna, 2017.
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5
Convegno, (1988 Potenza-Matera Italy). Gli archivi per la storio dell' alimentazione: Atti del convegno Potenza-Matera, 5-8 settembre 1988. Roma: Ministero per i beni culturali e ambientali, Ufficio centrale per i beni archivistici, 1995.
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6
Gora, Śāmaḷadāsa Sevakarāma. Jaṅgalanī jaḍībuṭṭī: Bhāga 1 thī 5 sacitra = Jangalni jadibuṭṭi. Amadāvāda: Sarasvatī Pustaka Bhaṇḍāra, 2002.
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7
Mater imperialis: Amparo de Mãe e mais 5 peças em 1 acto ; seguido de um apêndice. Lisboa: Edições 70, 1990.
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8
Inc, ebrary, ed. Maternal and infant deaths: Chasing millennium evelopment goals 4 and 5. London: RCOG, 2010.
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9
Indonesia. Kantor Menteri Negara Perumahan dan Permukiman. Pokok-pokok materi untuk dilaporkan pada sidang kabinet terbatas bidang ekonomi, keuangan, dan industri, Rabu, 5 Mei 1999. Jakarta: Kantor Menteri Negara Perumahan dan Permukiman, 1999.
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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. Dust near luminous ultraviolet stars: Final report NAG 5-1282. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University, Center for Astrophysical Sciences, 1993.
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1
Stolberg, Michael. "Materia medica." In Gabrielle Falloppia, 1522/23–1562, 113–32. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003242000-5.
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Šimić, Lena, and Emily Underwood-Lee. "Aftermath (5 Months)." In Maternal Performance, 107–32. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80226-4_5.
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Bergmann, Thomas W. "Acquiring an Alma Mater or Achieving an Education." In Higher Education in the Information Age, 33–43. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429337444-5.
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The SEEP Network. "5. Normas en materia de activos productivos." In Normas mínimas para la recuperación económica, 76–93. Rugby, Warwickshire, United Kingdom: Practical Action Publishing, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/9781780447988.005.
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Young, Helen, and Susanne Jaspers. "4. Famine in Darfur 1984-5." In Nutrition Matters, 61–79. Rugby, Warwickshire, United Kingdom: Practical Action Publishing, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/9781780445595.004.
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Kolb, E., M. Quiros, G. J. Meijer, M. B. Bogeat-Triboulot, A. Carminati, E. Andò, L. Sibille, and F. Anselmucci. "Chapter 5. Root–Soil Interaction." In Soft Matter Series, 165–202. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781839161162-00165.
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Gore, Jennifer, Sally Patfield, Leanne Fray, and Jess Harris. "On the (im)possibility and (un)desirability of raising university aspirations in rural communities." In Community Matters, 79–111. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003019534-5.
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Rau, Thomas, and Sabine Oberhuber. "Permanent temporality." In Material Matters, 71–92. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003258674-5.
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Bouchard, Nikole. "The Creative Process and Productive Destruction." In Waste Matters, 39–51. Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY: Routledge, 2021. ∣ Includes bibliographical references and index.: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429490071-5.
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"21. Gespräch Chruschtschows mit SED-Chef Ulbricht und SED-Politbüromitglied Hermann Matern in Budapest am 5. Dezember 1959." In Anfangsjahre der Berlin-Krise (Herbst 1958 bis Herbst 1960), 243–48. De Gruyter Oldenbourg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110415513.243.
Full textConference papers on the topic "MATERN 5"
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Pal, Basudha, Vikas R. Bhat, and Anitha H. "The SIUQRD and Matern 5/2 GPR Models describing the Covid-19 Pandemic in India." In 2021 Fourth International Conference on Electrical, Computer and Communication Technologies (ICECCT). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icecct52121.2021.9616706.
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Rocha, Maria Eduarda Araújo Machado da, Andrey Luis de Oliveira Gonçalves Dias, and Nilson Ramirez de Jesus. "Síndrome em espelho associada a síndrome de Beckwith-Wiedemann fetal: um relato de caso." In 45º Congresso da SGORJ XXIV Trocando Ideias. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/jbg-0368-1416-20211311209.
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Introdução: A síndrome em espelho (SE) é uma condição materna rara, definida pela tríade hidropsia fetal, hidropsia placentária e edema materno generalizado. Neste relato, descrevemos um caso de SE associada à síndrome de Beckwith-Wiedemann (SBW), uma anomalia congênita rara. Foi atribuída a expressão “síndrome em espelho” pelo fato de o edema materno refletir o edema fetal. Pode ocorrer em qualquer período da gravidez, mas é mais comum no final do segundo e no início do terceiro trimestre. Está associada a elevada morbimortalidade materna e perinatal. Sua etiopatogenia é variada, e a maioria dos casos é atribuída a malformações fetais, tumores placentários e fetais. Outras etiologias são: isoimunização, síndrome de transfusão feto-fetal e infecções virais, como citomegalovírus e parvovírus B19. Relato: Gestante, 23 anos, G2 PN1, sem comorbidades, com 18 semanas e 5 dias, referia edema de membros inferiores, aumento do volume abdominal, dispneia aos médios esforços de início nas duas semanas anteriores e elevação da pressão arterial. A primeira ultrassonografia (USG) obstétrica, com 13 semanas e 2 dias, mostrou translucência nucal de 5 mm. USG externa realizada na semana anterior à internação evidenciava hidropsia feto-placentária associada a sinais de ascite materna. A paciente chega ao serviço em regular estado geral, em anasarca, apresentando edema de membros inferiores bilateral 3+/4+, ascite e pressão arterial de 150x90 mmHg. Proteína urinária de 1.201 mg em 24 horas. Grupo sanguíneo B Rh+. Pelo alto risco de morbimortalidade materna, optou-se pela interrupção terapêutica da gestação. O abortamento foi induzido com misoprostol e ocorreu expulsão de feto morto empelicado e placenta apresentando numerosas vesículas, que foram enviados à anatomia patológica. A paciente recebeu alta, assintomática, após sete dias. Laudo histopatológico: displasia mesenquimal placentária, feto hidrópico do sexo feminino exibindo fenótipo compatível com SBW com hérnia umbilical, rim direito pélvico, hepatomegalia acentuada, útero bicorno e intestino curto. Conclusão: A SE configura entidade de difícil diagnóstico e alta mortalidade materno-fetal. O diagnóstico precoce faz-se importante visando identificar causas reversíveis que, adequadamente tratadas, podem evoluir para a melhora do quadro materno-fetal, com manutenção da gravidez. No caso apresentado, o tratamento empregado foi a interrupção terapêutica da gestação, por se tratar de etiologia fetal irreversível com sinais de gravidade maternos. A associação da SBW com SE materna é extremamente rara. A SBW é uma condição congênita rara, com incidência aproximada de um caso para 13.500 nascidos vivos. O diagnóstico, em geral, é realizado no período pós-natal, por meio dos seguintes achados: macroglossia, gigantismo, onfalocele, visceromegalia, entre outros. A SBW é causada pela desregulação em genes do imprint genético situado no locus 11p15, responsáveis pelo crescimento.
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Cox, Brian, Patrick Thompson, and Suzanne Maynard. "159 DSE audit – mater infirmorum hospital, belfast." In British Cardiovascular Society Annual Conference ‘Digital Health Revolution’ 3–5 June 2019. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Cardiovascular Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/heartjnl-2019-bcs.156.
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Gondolo, Paolo. "Summary of conference (40'+5')." In Identification of dark matter 2008. Trieste, Italy: Sissa Medialab, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.064.0107.
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Hinshaw, G., C. L. Bennett, and A. Kogut. "Simulated CMB maps at 0°.5 resolution: Basic results." In Dark matter. AIP, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.48380.
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Miao, Yulong, Zhaofeng Wan, Fuping Zeng, and Qiang Yao. "Over Thermal Decomposition Characteristics of Environmental Insulating Medium $\mathrm{C}_{5}\mathrm{F}_{10}\mathrm{O}$ at Different Concentrations." In 2020 IEEE International Conference on High Voltage Engineering and Application (ICHVE). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ichve49031.2020.9279989.
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Máximo, Alice Júlianny Maia, Beatriz Nunes Deseyvan Rodrigues, Davi de Souza Camara, Tuanny Sousa Pereira, Victor Mota Maciel, and Frances Tatiane Tavares Trindade. "MÃES NARCISISTAS: IMPACTO NO DESENVOLVIMENTO INFANTIL." In I Congresso Brasileiro de Saúde Pública On-line: Uma abordagem Multiprofissional. Revista Multidisciplinar em Saúde, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51161/rems/2865.
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Introdução: A mãe narcisista é acometida pelo Transtorno de Personalidade Narcisista (TPN), um padrão difuso patológico caracterizado pela falta de empatia, necessidade de admiração e sentimento de grandiosidade que surge no início da vida adulta. Objetivo: Orientar os profissionais de saúde da atenção básica a reconhecer mães com transtorno de personalidade narcisista e auxiliar os filhos a lidar com essa relação. Metodologia: A análise dos dados foi realizada de forma descritiva sendo feita uma pesquisa sistemática com foco na população materna com distúrbios narcisistas e a relação com os filhos. Foram examinados artigos publicados entre os anos de 2015 e 2021 nos idiomas português, espanhol e inglês. As buscas ocorreram na plataforma Google Acadêmico e no Manual Diagnóstico Estatístico de Transtornos Mentais (DSM-5). Resultados: O narcisismo materno é caracterizado por um relacionamento abusivo que, geralmente, envolve a destruição da autoestima e autonomia dos filhos. Estudos apontam que essas crianças lidam com déficits de cuidados maternos e podem ser incapazes de avaliar suas próprias necessidades, se tornar narcisistas como a mãe, ser perfeccionistas, lutar para receber elogios, tentar sempre agradar as pessoas, apresentar obsessão por limpeza, isolar-se, esconder seus sentimentos, ter instabilidade emocional e transtornos psiquiátricos como ansiedade e depressão. O diagnóstico é indicado por cinco ou mais dos seguintes itens: sensação grandiosa da própria importância; preocupação com fantasias de sucesso ilimitado; acredita ser “especial” e único; expectativas irracionais de tratamentos favoráveis; explorador em relações interpessoais; carece de empatia; frequentemente invejoso em relação aos outros; demonstra comportamentos arrogantes e insolentes. As medidas mais viáveis para que os filhos se adequem, são resumidas em aceitar a situação e compreender que não possuem culpa, ter autoconfiança, não serem passivos e buscarem ajuda profissional. Conclusão: Percebe-se que a relação materna, tão idealizada pela sociedade, pode ser alvo de distúrbios psicopatológicos, como o TPN. Este traz danos não só na qualidade do cuidado materno, mas também danos comportamentais nos próprios filhos, a exemplo de ansiedade, depressão, baixa autoestima e necessidade de validação. Dessa forma, conclui-se que há relação intrínseca entre os comportamentos narcisistas maternos e maior risco de distúrbios psiquiátricos nos filhos.
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Nishtha and Rajveer S. Yaduvanshi. "A Circular Patch Graphene Antenna for $5\mathrm{G}$ Applications." In 2021 International Conference on Industrial Electronics Research and Applications (ICIERA). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iciera53202.2021.9726716.
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Kogut, A., G. Hinshaw, and C. L. Bennett. "CMB anisotropy at 0°.5 angular scale II. Analysis of peaks." In Dark matter. AIP, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.48381.
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Tomilov, Sergei, Yicheng Wang, Weichao Yao, Martin Hoffmann, and Clara J. Saraceno. "$.5-\mu\mathrm{J}$, 328-fs KLM Ho:YAG Thin-Disk Oscillator at $2.1\ \mu\mathrm{m}$." In 2023 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cleo/europe-eqec57999.2023.10232801.
Full textReports on the topic "MATERN 5"
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Harff, Michael R. Qualification Testing of the C-5 Mated Tire/Wheel Shipping Crate. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada487284.
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Lehberger, Mira, and Sven Grüner. (Why) Do farmers’ Big Five personality traits matter? – A systematic literature review. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.3.0138.
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Review question / Objective: We aim at answering the following two research questions: 1. How and when do researchers use the Big 5 personality traits when focusing on farmers (research questions, measurement of personality traits)? 2. Do the Big 5 personality traits contribute to explaining (economic) behaviors of farmers? Eligibility criteria: We consider all studies published in the English language, which include primary empirical data from farmers and explicitly focus on the construct of the big five-personality traits and include a measurement of at least one big five-personality traits. We include studies from all available years and include all types of publications.
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Bailey, Catherine N. The Cryogenic Dark Matter Search: First 5-Tower Data and Improved Understanding of Ionization Collection. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/980809.
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Salazar Villamarín, Carlos Iván, Hugo Portela Guarin, Angélica María Zuluaga, and Omar Andrés Ramos Valencia. La infección respiratoria aguda no neumónica en menores de 5 años y las expectativas maternas en la atención clínica. Buenos Aires: siicsalud.com, October 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.21840/siic/150682.
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Hennings-Yeomans, Raul. First 5 tower WIMP-search results from the Cryogenic Dark Matter Search with improved understanding of neutron backgrounds and benchmarking. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1415806.
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Hackett, Wesley, Michael Raviv, Anath Das, Oded Reuveni, and Arie Gutman. Detecting Activity of Juvenile Phase-Specific Translocatable Substances that Influence Rooting Potential Using In Vitro Rooting Assays and Expression of a Specific Gene. United States Department of Agriculture, April 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1998.7613038.bard.
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The objectives of the project for which substantial effort was put forth were to: 1) Verify the relationship between expression of a cDNA clone (HW103) and the rooting potential of reciprocally grafted cuttings of juvenile and mature lamina and petioles of Hedera helix L. 2) Detect rooting promoter fractions in exudates from the juvenile leaves of H. Helix by assaying for rooting with leaf petioles of juvenile and mature plants. 3) Isolate, purify and identify compounds which show activity in assays for rooting potential. Some objectives or aspects of the objectives of the original proposal were not pursued for the reasons put forth in the body of the report. The most significant findings of the project are: 1) The MS medium is a better medium than Romberg medium for performing the leaf petiole rooting assay. 2) HW103 gene expression is cell-type specific with higher levels of expression in mature than juvenile phase H. Helix petioles as evidenced by in situ hybridization which suggests a negative relationship between HW103 expression in specific cells involved in root initiation and the lack of rooting potential in mature petioles 3) HW103 gene expression may be lower in mature petioles which had been grafter to a juvenile H. Helix lamina than mature petioles that had been grafted to a mature lamina and this putative lower expression is related to formation of a higher number of roots. 4) HW103 gene expression is not related to auxin induced ethylene production. 5) Two distinct compounds that possess root initiation promoting activity can be detected mainly in diffusate of juvenile H. Helix leaves using mung bean hypocotyls and H. Helix leaf petioles in vitro. 6) H. Helix diffusate active fractions do not insistenlty promote rooting in avocado mini-cuttings. 7) Chemical identification of the active rooting compounds was not accomplished because of the death of Prof. Becker, one of the collaborators, and the resultant loss of his data. These results indicate that these may be a molecular basis for reduced rooting potential in mature H. Helix petioles and that there are diffusible (translocatable) compounds in juvenile H. Helix leaves which promote rooting in juvenile and mature H. Helix petioles and mung bean hypocotyls.
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Molnar, Denes. Final Technical Report for Year 5 Early Career Research Project "Viscosity and equation of state of hot and dense QCD matter". Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1254496.
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Caulfield, Laura E., Wendy L. Bennett, Susan M. Gross, Kristen M. Hurley, S. Michelle Ogunwole, Maya Venkataramani, Jennifer L. Lerman, Allen Zhang, Ritu Sharma, and Eric B. Bass. Maternal and Child Outcomes Associated With the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC). Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer253.
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Objectives. The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) aims to safeguard the health of low-income, nutritionally at-risk pregnant and postpartum women and children less than 5 years old. This systematic review evaluates whether participation in WIC is associated with nutrition and health outcomes for women, infants, and children, and whether the associations vary by duration of participation or across subgroups. Because of major revisions to the WIC food package in 2009, we prioritized studies published since 2009 and included studies comparing outcomes before and after the 2009 food package change. Data sources. Using electronic publication databases, we conducted a literature search from January 2009 to September 2021 and a targeted search for selected outcomes from January 2000 to September 2021. Review methods. Paired team members independently screened search results, serially abstracted data, assessed risk of bias, and graded strength of evidence (SOE) using standard methods for observational studies. Results. We included 82 quantitative observational studies and 16 qualitative studies, with 49 studies comparing outcomes of WIC participants with WIC-eligible non-participants. WIC prenatal participation was associated with lower risk of three outcomes: preterm delivery (moderate SOE), low birth weight (moderate SOE), and infant mortality (moderate SOE). Prenatal WIC participation was associated with better maternal diet quality (low SOE), lower risk of inadequate gestational weight gain (low SOE), lower alcohol use in pregnancy (low SOE), and no difference in smoking (low SOE). Maternal WIC participation was associated with increased child preventive care and immunizations (each low SOE), and higher cognitive scores for children (low SOE). Child WIC participation was associated with better diet quality (moderate SOE), and greater intakes of 100 percent fruit juice, whole grain cereals, and age-appropriate milk (moderate SOE). Household WIC participation was associated with greater purchasing of healthy food groups (moderate SOE). Maternal WIC participation was not associated with breastfeeding initiation (moderate SOE). The evidence was insufficient for other outcomes related to maternal health and child growth. The evidence generally was insufficient on how WIC participation affects outcomes across subgroups. Conclusions. Maternal WIC participation was associated with improved birth outcomes, lower infant mortality, and better child cognitive development. WIC participation was associated with purchasing healthier foods and with improved diets for pregnant women and children. More research is needed on maternal health outcomes; food security; child growth, development, and academic achievement; and effectiveness of WIC in all segments of the eligible population.
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Meidan, Rina, and Joy Pate. Roles of Endothelin 1 and Tumor Necrosis Factor-A in Determining Responsiveness of the Bovine Corpus Luteum to Prostaglandin F2a. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2004.7695854.bard.
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The corpus luteum (CL) is a transient endocrine gland that has a vital role in the regulation of the estrous cycle, fertility and the maintenance of pregnancy. In the absence of appropriate support, such as occurs during maternal recognition of pregnancy, the CL will regress. Prostaglandin F2a (PGF) was first suggested as the physiological luteolysin in ruminants several decades ago. Yet, the cellular mechanisms by which PGF causes luteal regression remain poorly defined. In recent years it became evident that the process of luteal regression requires a close cooperation between steroidogenic, endothelial and immune cells, all resident cells of this gland. Changes in the population of these cells within the CL closely consort with the functional changes occurring during various stages of CL life span. The proposal aimed to gain a better understanding of the intra-ovarian regulation of luteolysis and focuses especially on the possible reasons causing the early CL (before day 5) to be refractory to the luteolytic actions of PGF. The specific aims of this proposal were to: determine if the refractoriness of the early CL to PGF is due to its inability to synthesize or respond to endothelin–1 (ET-1), determine the cellular localization of ET, PGF and tumor necrosis factor a (TNF a) receptors in early and mid luteal phases, determine the functional relationships among ET-1 and cytokines, and characterize the effects of PGF and ET-1 on prostaglandin production by luteal cell types. We found that in contrast to the mature CL, administration of PGF2a before day 5 of the bovine cycle failed to elevate ET-1, ETA receptors or to induce luteolysis. In fact, PGF₂ₐ prevented the upregulation of the ET-1 gene by ET-1 or TNFa in cultured luteal cells from day 4 CL. In addition, we reported that ECE-1 expression was elevated during the transitionof the CL from early to mid luteal phase and was accompanied by a significant rise in ET-1 peptide. This coincides with the time point at which the CL gains its responsiveness to PGF2a, suggesting that ability to synthesize ET-1 may be a prerequisite for luteolysis. We have shown that while ET-1 mRNA was exclusively localized to endothelial cells both in young and mature CL, ECE-1 was present in the endothelial cells and steroidogenic cells alike. We also found that the gene for TNF receptor I is only moderately affected by the cytokines tested, but that the gene for TNF receptor II is upregulated by ET-1 and PGF₂ₐ. However, these cytokines both increase expression of MCP-1, although TNFa is even more effective in this regard. In addition, we found that proteins involved in the transport and metabolism of PGF (PGT, PGDH, COX-2) change as the estrous cycle progresses, and could contribute to the refractoriness of young CL. The data obtained in this work illustrate ET-1 synthesis throughout the bovine cycle and provide a better understanding of the mechanisms regulating luteal regression and unravel reasons causing the CL to be refractory to PGF2a.
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Chefetz, Benny, and Baoshan Xing. Sorption of hydrophobic pesticides to aliphatic components of soil organic matter. United States Department of Agriculture, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2003.7587241.bard.
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Sorption of hydrophobic compounds to aliphatic components of soil organic matter (SOM) is poorly understood even though these aliphatic carbons are a major fraction of SOM. The main source of aliphatic compounds in SOM is above- and below-ground plant cuticular materials (cutin, cutan and suberin). As decomposition proceeds, these aliphatic moieties tend to accumulate in soils. Therefore, if we consider that cuticular material contributes significantly to SOM, we can hypothesize that the cuticular materials play an important role in the sorption processes of hydrophobic compounds (including pesticides) in soils, which has not yet been studied. The overall goal of this research was to illustrate the mechanism and significance of the refractory aliphatic structures of SOM in sorbing hydrophobic compounds (nonionic and weakly polar pesticides). The importance of this study is related to our ability to demonstrate the sorption relationship between key pesticides and an important fraction of SOM. The specific objectives of the project were: (1) To isolate and characterize cuticular fractions from selected plants; (2) To investigate the sorption mechanism of key hydrophobic pesticides and model compounds to cuticular plant materials; (3) To examine the sorption mechanisms at the molecular level using spectroscopic techniques; (4) To investigate the sorption of key hydrophobic pesticides to synthetic polymers; (5) To evaluate the content of cuticular materials in agricultural soils; and (6) To study the effect of incubation of plant cuticular materials in soils on their sorptive capabilities. This project demonstrates the markedly high sorption capacity of various plant cuticular fractions for hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) and polar organic pollutants. Both cutin (the main polymer of the cuticle) and cutan biopolymers exhibit high sorption capability even though both sorbents are highly aliphatic in nature. Sorption by plant cuticular matter occurs via hydrophobic interactions and H-bonding interactions with polar sorbates. The cutin biopolymer seems to facilitate reversible and noncompetitive sorption, probably due to its rubbery nature. On the other hand, the epicuticular waxes facilitate enhance desorption in a bi-solute system. These processes are possibly related to phase transition (melting) of the waxes that occur in the presence of high solute loading. Moreover, our data highlight the significance of polarity and accessibility of organic matter in the uptake of nonpolar and polar organic pollutants by regulating the compatibility of sorbate to sorbent. In summary, our data collected in the BARD project suggest that both cutin and cutan play important roles in the sorption of HOCs in soils; however, with decomposition the more condensed structure of the cutin and mainly the cutan biopolymer dominated sorption to the cuticle residues. Since cutin and cutan have been identified as part of SOM and humic substances, it is suggested that retention of HOCs in soils is also controlled by these aliphatic domains and not only by the aromaticrich fractions of SOM.