Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Matériaux semi-conducteurs organiques'
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Bulut, Ibrahim. "Synthèse et caractérisation de matériaux semi-conducteurs pour la conversion photovoltaïque." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAE005/document.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to develop efficient semi-conducting organic materials for organic photovoltaics. This work is focuses on the optimization of electron-donor organic semiconductors for the preparation of bulk heterojunction devices, in blend with a fullerene derivative used as electron-acceptor material. More specifically, it is to perform a systematic optimization study of two reference families (macromolecular and molecular respectively) from the laboratory, which have already led to interesting photovoltaic performances. For this, we followed a structured and systematic approach targeting the most relevant chemical parameters to be varied. To determine the properties of new materials synthesized, spectroscopic, electrochemical, structural, charge transport and photovoltaic characterizations were systematically made
Ménard, Etienne. "Techniques d'impression et matériaux semi-conducteurs pour l'électronique plastique." Paris 6, 2005. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00351338.
Full textPereira, Marco. "Etude des propriétés électromécaniques de semi-conducteurs organiques." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0271/document.
Full textThe public mind is aware of electronics drawbacks, the costs of development and production are important and the environmental impact can be denied. In order to solve those downsides, the organic electronics is studied and developed. This electronics have been introduced with the discovery of conductive polymers by the Nobel prices of chemistry from the year 2000, Alan J. Heeger, Alan G. MacDiarmid et Hideki Shirakawa. Since then, this technology has been widely developed and nowadays OLED (Organic Light Emitting Diode) screens as well as others devices like MEMS (Micro ElectroMechanical System), systems connecting electronics and mechanics, are commercialized. Those organic MEMS are more and more studied and developed due to a better flexibility of the organic semiconductors compared to the inorganic ones. However, even if the research on the polymer mechanics and semiconductor electronics is advanced, the electromechanical interaction of the organic semiconductors is poorly studied. Nevertheless, it is necessary to understand this interaction in order to develop the flexible electronics of tomorrow. Thus, this work has been focused on investigating the electromechanical interaction inside the organic semiconductors and developing tools/methods usable to study with ease new molecules. To better understand the electromechanical interaction between molecular structure and electrical response, the semiconductors are shaped into single crystals, in order to study a perfect molecular layout, without imperfections, in the three space dimensions. Hence, in the first instance, the influence of the molecular structure on the charge mobility was studied on rubrene. Even if is commonly assumed that the variation of the intermolecular distance causes the mobility changes inside rubrene, it turns out that this electrical variation is due to a reorganization of the molecules and variations of multiples inter/intramolecular parameters which modify the electronic coupling. In the second instance, the electromechanical response of air-gap transistors based on rubrene has been studied. In this more complicated systems, multiple parameters variate during the deflection. With the use of Gauge factor, it is possible to prove that the electromechanical response of those systems depends mainly on the mechanical and electrical modification of the interface electrodes/semiconductor. The high improvement of the electrical response of those air-gap transistors has been used to fabricate pressure sensors capable to detect forces as small as 230 nN. Finally, the methods developed during the previous works have been used to start the synthesis and characterization of hybrid perovskite transistors in order to study the electromechanical interaction of those emerging materials
Darchy, Léa. "Nanotubes de carbones semi-conducteurs pour cellules solaires organiques." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00919656.
Full textPagoaga, Bernard. "Synthèse de nouveaux matériaux semi-conducteurs dérivés du pérylène pour l'électronique organique." Thesis, Reims, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REIMS020/document.
Full textThis study deals with the synthesis of perylene-3,4:9,10-tetracarboxylic acid bisimide derivatives and their use as semi-conductors for organic electronics, and more specifically for the realization of organic field-effect transistors. The goals of this study are the synthesis of perylene derivatives, using halogenation reactions or Suzuki-Miyaura coupling, and the fabrication of organic field-effect transistors.In the first part of the work, a wide variety of perylene derivatives has been obtained and fully characterized. Spectroscopic and electrochemical studies have been performed to determine energy levels of the frontier orbitals.In the second part, the making of organic field-effect transistors was realized, beginning with the research of optimal conditions for ink formulation, deposition and annealing of the film. Then those devices have been characterized by measuring the source-drain current.Keywords: semi-conductor, perylene, organic field-effect transistor, Suzuki-Miyaura coupling, ink jet printing
Sergent, Alessandra. "Métallopolymères des éléments f : nouveaux matériaux hybrides semi-conducteurs phosphorescents pour les diodes électroluminescentes organiques." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00840219.
Full textMoreaud, Nathanae͏̈l. "Etude et caractérisations des : matériaux semi-conducteurs grand gap 3C-SiC/Si et hétérostructures GaAlN/GaN/GaAlN - matériaux hybrides monophase organiques-inorganiques." Montpellier 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON20069.
Full textBorniol, Mervyn de. "Photosensibilisation d'oxydes semi-conducteurs par des dérivés organostanniques du pérylène -3,4-dicarboximideApplication à la conversion photovoltaïque." Bordeaux 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR13310.
Full textDiebold, Morgane. "Systèmes composites organogélateurs/polymères semi-conducteurs : de la preuve conceptuelle aux matériaux nanostructurés pour l'électronique plastique." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAE002.
Full textImproving the performances of organic photovoltaic devices requires morphology control of the active layers. Highly nanostructured donor-acceptor bulk heterojunctions were prepared by heterogeneous nucleation of poly (3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT, donor) on naphthalene diimide organogelators fibers (NDI, acceptor). The first part of this work was dedicated to the self-assembly of NDI-core organogelators substituted by amide groups and trialkoxyphenyls dendrons. We evaluated the influence of the flexible chain between the naphthalene core and the amide groups (2 C-C bonds for NDI2 and 4 for NDI4) on the physico-chemical properties of the organogelators.The second part of this work focused on the polymorphism of NDI2 with identification of four different polymorphs with their optical, spectroscopic and structural signatures. A phase diagram of NDI2 in the solid state was determined. The last part of this manuscript concerns the fabrication of donor-acceptor nano-composites between NDI organogelators and P3HT. The formation process in solution of these nano-composites was analyzed by following the crystallization kinetics of P3HT by UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy and the thin film morphology (shish-kebab structures) by transmission electron microscopy. The nucleating effect of various organogelators on P3HT was demonstrated. Solar cells were made from the composites P3HT:PCBM : organogelator and their energetic conversion yield was shown to be increased in the presence of organogelators
Querner, Claudia. "Synthèse et caractérisation de matériaux hybrides organiques-inorganiques à base d'architecture π-conjuguées et de nanocristaux de semi-conducteurs II-VI." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005GRE10213.
Full textThis work in devoted to the synthesis of organic-inorganic hybrid materials obtained by grafting of thiophene- or aniline-based oligo-/polymers on the surface of CdSe nanocrystals. The interaction between both components is assured by a carbodithioate anchor function on the organic ligands having a high affinity for the nancrystals' surface. There are two ways to perform the grafting : either by exchange of the nanocrystals' surface ligands with conjugated molecules, or by the post-functionalisation ofnanocrystals capped with bi-functionalligands containing the anchor group as weil as a reactive group, such as an aldehyde. The latter case is rather general and can be applied for a wide range of oligo-/polymers containing amine groups. Both components retain their electrochemical activity upon the grafting reaction. Spectroelectrochemical studies confirm that the doping of the conjugated capping molecules occurs via the same mechanisms as in the non-grafted molecules. The position of the energy levels of the ligands and the nanocrystals should allow a charge transfer upon photo-excitation, leading to an efficient quenching of the photoluminescence of the hybrid. Time-resolved PL measurements show a clear correlation between the conjugation length of the ligands and the transfer efficiency. Ln the case of aniline tetramer ligand no photoluminescence at ail is detectable indicating charge transfer on a timescale shorter than mesurable (5 ps). Therefore, the developed strategy for the grafting of polyconjugated molecules on the surface of semiconductor nanocrystals opens up the way to a new class of hybrid materials with a high potential for applications in solar cells
Bencheikh, Fatima. "Corrélation entre les propriétés optiques, la structure électronique et la morphologie des semi-conducteurs organiques pi-conjugués." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4362.
Full textThe development of organic photovoltaic cell technology requires various skills related to the molecular engineering, interface engineering, controlling and characterizing the morphology of the films, device structure optimization and understanding of photophysics of the materials. In this context, the work presented in this thesis contributes to the understanding of the photophysical properties of π-conjugated organic materials and propose optical characterizations tools for probing the morphology of these materials. First, a rigorous methodology for determining refractive indices of organic films by ellipsometry has been proposed. The models used in ellipsometry have been chosen by taking into account the physical properties of π-conjugated organic materials which allow the determination of the electronic structure of fullerene derivatives (PC60BM and PC70BM). Secondly, we associated ellipsometric data to complementary measurements of absorbance and photoluminescence in the case of two copolymers (PTB7 and PTB7-Th) in films and solutions in order to isolate inter and intra-chain interactions. We have demonstrated that the photophysics of these copolymers differs from the P3HT. We have shown that even in solution in chlorobenzene, the PTB7 PTB7-Th aggregate strongly. These aggregates, H-type, break more easily in the chlorobenzene solutions based of PTB7-Th as in those based on PTB7
Rannou, Patrice. "Architectures (Macro)Moléculaires Pi-Conjuguées à Base d'Aniline: De la Mauvéine aux Matériaux (Semi-)Conducteurs pour l'(Opto)Electronique Organique." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00916481.
Full textBiniek, Laure. "Polymères semi-conducteurs à faible largeur de bande interdite : de la synthèse au dispositif photovoltaïque organique." Strasbourg, 2010. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2010/BINIEK_Laure_2010.pdf.
Full textIn the field of organic photovoltaic, conjugated electron donor polymers with improved optoelectronic properties are highly needed. Therefore, that research work is focused on the design and investigation of a new family of donor-acceptor alternating low band-gap copolymers, using 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole as electron-deficient unit, and thieno[3,2-b]thiophene and alkylthiophenes moieties as electron-rich units. By the inclusion of fused thiophene rings we intend to enhance the hole carrier properties. Various alkyl side-chains are introduced onto different positions along the conjugated backbone in order to reach efficient solubility in common organic solvents and simultaneously allow investigations of structure/properties relationships. We have also studied the effect of conjugation length and planarity on the optoelectronic properties. In the first section we discuss the synthesis methods of the monomers which involve several organic and organometallic reactions. Then, the copolymers have been synthesized by Stille or Suzuki cross coupling polycondensation. In the second part, special focus is devoted on how modifications in the conjugated backbone length and conformation (side chains length and positioning, coplanar units) are affecting the related material properties (electrochemical, UV-vis absorption, microstructure and charge carrier mobility). Finally, we have elaborated bulk heterojunction solar cells based on copolymer:C60-PCBM blend and correlated the OPV device performances with the optoelectronic properties of the polymers
Delaunay, Wylliam. "Synthèse et caractérisation de nouveaux matériaux organophosphorés pour des applications en optoélectronique." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00942602.
Full textScidone, Lionel. "Contributions à la synthèse par voie de films de type Bi2Te3." Metz, 2006. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/2006/Scidone.Lionel.SMZ0626.pdf.
Full textThe Bismuth Telluride and the ternary derivative compounds develop optimal thermoelectric properties in the range of the ambient temperatures leading to many applications in the field of the transfer of heat or direct thermal generation of electricity. A new way of synthesis of this material was based on the action of various soluble or metal reducing agents on solutions sources of BiIII and TeIV in nitric medium. If the soluble reducers tested do not prove their efficacity, it appeared on the contrary that the film formation of Bi2Te3 can be obtained by displacement by many metals in particular Ni, Bi, Sn, Pb, Fe, Zn. A powerful mode of synthesis was defined by engaging nickel either in massive form or in the form of films. Single-phase, homogeneous and coherent coatings were obtained with a thickness of 5 µm for an immersion of 2 hours in the solution source. Thin films of 160 nm were also carried out starting from the total conversion of 100 nm nickel deposited in a glass substrate. These thermoelectric pre-films lend themselves then to a complementary development by electrochemistry. In this manner, it was set up the elements of a first experimental device, on 2 junctions p-n, a thermoelectric capacity of 700 µV. K-1. This work opens a new way for the simple and not very expensive development of thermoelectric modules
Vongsaysy, Uyxing. "Studies on processing additives introduced to increase the efficiency of organic solar cells : selection and mechanistic effects." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0230/document.
Full textPolymeric bulk heterojunction (BHJ) organic solar cells (OSCs) have attracted significant interest as a low cost and renewable technology to harvest solar energy. However, their generally low efficiencies are a barrier for their movement into commercial application. Controlling the BHJ morphology is a key step in the pursuit of higher OSC efficiencies. Processing additives have emerged as effective components for optimizing the BHJ morphology. This thesis provides a comprehensive study on the introduction of additives in the formulation of semiconductors. The semiconductor system studied is based on poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PC61 BM). First, a method was developed to guide the selection of additives from a large range of solvents. This method employs the Hansen solubility parameters of the semiconductors and was successfully applied to the P3HT/PC61 BMsystem. It resulted in the identification of three new efficient additives. Next, the mechanistic role of additives in influencing the BHJ morphology is investigated by performing structural, electrical and optical characterizations. Also, the effect of additives on OSC performance was found to depend on the type of the OSC architecture. Such differences were correlated to the variations in charge carrier mobilities caused by the additive. Furthermore, photo-stability tests, performed on different types of OSCs, showed that processing additives can improve the photo-stability. The origin of such improvement is investigated. Finally, the scope of this study is extended to two other donor semiconducting polymers
Evariste, Sloane. "Systèmes π-conjugués et assemblages supramoléculaires organophosphorés : synthèse et propriétés physico-chimiques." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN1S058/document.
Full textThis manuscript describes the synthesis and characterization of new molecular systems based on phosphorus atom: we developed and studied π-conjugated systems based on phosphole and secondly supramolecular assemblies with phosphine ligand have been studied. Firstly, an introduction to the phosphole chemistry (history, synthesis methods, integration into π-conjugated systems) is presented. The first chapter describes the synthesis and physico-chemical study of phospholes derivatives having an extended π-system for the development of orange-red emitters in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Different molecular engineering involving the triple bond leads to modifications of the optical properties of the synthesized compounds by red-shifting their absorption and/or emission maxima. Chapter II describes the synthesis and the physical properties of complexes using phosphole based π-systems as linkers between two metal centers. New Fe (II), Pt (II) and Au (I) complexes have been developed and the electronic communication between the two metals is studied. The second part of the thesis work starts with a review on the emissive Cu(I) complexes. In Chapter III, are presented the syntheses, the structural and optical studies of new solid-state emissive supramolecular assemblies synthesized from pre-assembled Cu(I) molecular clips and stabilized by phosphine ligands (dppm or dpmp) with cyano ligands as linkers. Then in the final chapter new Cu(I) complexes are synthesized by using organic ligands with terminal nitrile functions as linkers. The solid-state luminescence properties of these new Cu(I) derivatives are studied according to their external environment and thermochromism, vapochromism and mechanochromism phenomena have been demonstrated for some of them
Su, Xiaolu. "Engineering, Synthesis, and Characterization of New Multi-lamellar Liquid Crystalline Molecular Architectures based on Discotic and Calamitic π-Conjugated Mesogens." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2016. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2016PA066392.pdf.
Full textDue to their self-healing ability and their self-organization property, pi-conjugated liquid crystals (LCs) are materials of great interest to prepare high performance semiconducting materials. They can be used in different types of organic electronic applications such as solar cells (OPV), Organic Light-Emitting Diodes (OLED) and Organic Field-Effect Transistors (OFET). In this work, we were interested in designing and preparing a novel family of LCs combining π-conjugated discotic and calamitic moieties in a unique molecular architecture. More particularly, we designed three different molecular architectures based on a linear dyad, triad and a branched triad, which include discotic triphenylene or perylene and calamitic terthiophene, benzothienobenzothiophene or pyromellitic moieties. The objective was to study their liquid crystalline behaviors and their self-organization and charge transport properties.Based on our results, we demonstrated that these materials can form complex self-assemblies in the bulk such as multi-lamellar arrangements presenting bilayered lamellar phases with in-layer organization of both calamitic and discotic species. In addition, based on the appropriate choice of the disk- and rod-like π-conjugated cores (p-type or n-type), we showed that this kind of self-organized materials could exhibit ambipolar charge transport properties, presenting a spontaneous nanosegregation of p-type and n-type entities in bulk, and leading to well-defined distinct conductive channels for each type of charge carriers (hole and electron)
Ferhat, Salim. "Générateurs thermoélectriques imprimés sur substrats souples à base de matériaux hybrides pour des applications autour de la température ambiante." Thesis, Limoges, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIMO0032/document.
Full textFlexible lightweight printed thermoelectric devices can become particularly interesting with the advent of ubiquitous sensing and within the context of current energy and environmental issues. However, major drawbacks of state of the art thermoelectric materials must be addressed to make waste heat recovery devices commercially feasible. In this PhD thesis, we’ve elaborated and described a method to fabricate optimized, fully inkjetprinted flexible thermoelectric generators based on organic and hybrid semiconductors. This research project can be divided into three stages: First is the development of effective, stable and solution-processed p-type and n-type thermoelectric materials. Our effort in optimizing thermoelectric materials were based on modulation of charge carrier concentration and on control of morphology. Second, design and modeling of thermoelectric devices and their geometric parameters using numerical simulation methods. Numerical simulations were based on a 3D-finite element analysis and simulation software for coupled physical problems to model and design thermoelectric devices. Finally, formulation of materials into ink in order to produce thermoelectric generators by inkjet printing deposition. Various structures and architectures were experimentally characterized and systematically compared to numerical evaluations. Hence, we produced an extensive study on designing and producing thermoelectric devices operating at near ambient temperature and conditions
Su, Xiaolu. "Engineering, Synthesis, and Characterization of New Multi-lamellar Liquid Crystalline Molecular Architectures based on Discotic and Calamitic π-Conjugated Mesogens." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066392/document.
Full textDue to their self-healing ability and their self-organization property, pi-conjugated liquid crystals (LCs) are materials of great interest to prepare high performance semiconducting materials. They can be used in different types of organic electronic applications such as solar cells (OPV), Organic Light-Emitting Diodes (OLED) and Organic Field-Effect Transistors (OFET). In this work, we were interested in designing and preparing a novel family of LCs combining π-conjugated discotic and calamitic moieties in a unique molecular architecture. More particularly, we designed three different molecular architectures based on a linear dyad, triad and a branched triad, which include discotic triphenylene or perylene and calamitic terthiophene, benzothienobenzothiophene or pyromellitic moieties. The objective was to study their liquid crystalline behaviors and their self-organization and charge transport properties.Based on our results, we demonstrated that these materials can form complex self-assemblies in the bulk such as multi-lamellar arrangements presenting bilayered lamellar phases with in-layer organization of both calamitic and discotic species. In addition, based on the appropriate choice of the disk- and rod-like π-conjugated cores (p-type or n-type), we showed that this kind of self-organized materials could exhibit ambipolar charge transport properties, presenting a spontaneous nanosegregation of p-type and n-type entities in bulk, and leading to well-defined distinct conductive channels for each type of charge carriers (hole and electron)
Gaffuri, Pierre. "Nouveaux matériaux pour des LED blanches éco-efficientes : hétérostructures à base de nanofils de ZnO et luminophores d'aluminoborates sans terres rares." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021GRALI004.
Full textThe widespread implementation of white light-emitting diodes (wLEDs), based on the blue electroluminescence of an LED and the yellow photoluminescence of a phosphor, represents a major opportunity to reduce global energy consumption. The performances of wLEDs are based on materials considered as critical, such as gallium and gallium/indium nitrides for the blue LED, and cerium doped yttrium aluminium garnet for the phosphor. The synthesis of these materials require costly and high-temperature physical and chemical deposition techniques. In this context, new non-critical materials have been studied and manufactured by soft chemistry methods: ZnO nanowires array as n-type semiconductor, and aluminoborate powders as phosphor. On the one hand, the mechanisms of the extrinsic doping and related modification of the growth of ZnO nanowires deposited by chemical bath deposition were investigated, showing the dominant roles of pH and precursor concentrations. Defects and complex defects incorporated in ZnO nanowires, crucial from an application point of view, greatly modify their optical and electrical proprieties. Their epitaxial growth on p-type GaN thin films forms heterojunctions whose electroluminescence properties are evaluated. On the other hand, aluminoborate-based phosphors powders were synthesized by the Pechini method, by substituting yttrium, usually present in the amorphous particles. The optimization of the new chemical compositions and thermal annealing offers a broad emission whose internal quantum luminescence efficiency exceeds 60 %. This study provides a better understanding of the trapping of carbon species, and their role in the luminescence. Eventually, consumer interest in such structures without critical materials and with low embodied energy is measured and offers optimistic prospects for their development
Liu, Xiao. "Elaboration and characterization of organic semiconducting thin films for optoelectronics." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2020. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2020SORUS205.pdf.
Full textThis PhD work aims at the elaboration and characterization of organic semiconducting thin films based on different π-conjugated materials (DAL1, BTBT, C8-BTBT-C8, C10-PBT and iI(T2)2) for organic optoelectronics applications. The general goal is to optimize their fabrication methods in order to maximize their device performances of the corresponding optoelectronic devices (Organic field effect transistors and Organic light emitting diodes)
Casademont, Hugo. "Semi-conducteurs 2D pour l’électronique flexible : évaluation du potentiel du MoS2 monocouche en tant que matériau de canal." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS365/document.
Full textThis PhD thesis is dedicated to the assessment of the potential of monolayers of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) as a N-type channel material for flexible electronics. This 2D semiconductor of atomic-scale thickness is chemically stable, mechanically robust and has a direct bandgap of 1.9 eV. This work includes the synthesis of MoS2 monolayers by Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) and the characterization of this material. The MoS2 monolayers were integrated in air-stable N-type transistors. The study highlighted the impact on the device performances of both the environment and the resistances at the MoS2/metal interfaces. Electronic mobilities of 20 cm²/(V.s) in combination with ION/IOFF ratios > 106 were achieved. These performances allowed integrating MoS2 monolayers in flexible transistors. This work was combined with the study of electrografted organic ultrathin films used as gate dielectrics and their integration in MoS2 transistors. This thesis shows that MoS2 monolayers are a viable option for flexible electronics operating at low bias, in particular when they are associated with ultrathin organic dielectrics
Chaïeb, Abderrahmane. "Etude structurale par diffraction X et optique linéaire et non linéaire de composites à base de nanocristaux semi-conducteurs (CdSe, ZnSe) dispersés dans des matrices hôtes organique (PMMA) et minérale (KBr, KCl)." Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00480577.
Full textHalawani, Nour. "Innovative materials for packaging." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEI010/document.
Full textThis work deals with the study of thermoset-thermoplastic blend (epoxy-amine/poly-etherimide phase separated) to assess the electrical and thermal performances. These materials would be new candidates to replace the encapsulation layer in semiconductors, for example ones used as switches in power electronic applications. Polymers blends would be a novel candidate as an insulator for the system. Pure epoxy system as well as Epoxy/Polyetherimide blends where characterized by transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, dynamic mechanical analysis, dielectric analysis with analytical simulation, electrical conductivity and breakdown voltage measurements. These complementary techniques were used first to investigate the presence of the phase separation phenomenon and secondly to quantify the separated nodules size. The effect of this phase separation was examined and showed a decrease in the dielectric values of 15 % and an increase in the breakdown voltage compared to the pure epoxy system. It was finally simulated to show a close assumption of what is found experimentally
Brunner, Pierre-Louis Marc. "Dispositifs optoélectroniques à base de semi-conducteurs organiques en couches minces." Thèse, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/16002.
Full textQuerner, Claudia. "Synthèse et caractérisation de matériaux hybrides organiques-inorganiques à base d'architectures pi-conjuguées et de nanocristaux de semi-conducteurs II-VI." Phd thesis, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00130789.
Full textLa réaction de greffage est assurée par une fonction d'ancrage, de type carbodithioate, présente sur les ligands et ayant une grande affinité pour la surface des nanocristaux. On distingue deux méthodes de greffage : une voie directe par simple échange de ligands et une voie indirecte comprenant une étape de post-fonctionnalisation de nanocristaux enrobés par des ligands bi-fonctionnels, en l'occurrence par le 4-formyldithiobenzoate. Cette dernière méthode est très générale et permet en outre de co-déposer un mélange nanocristaux / oligomère et d'effectuer la réaction de couplage en phase solide en chauffant.
De manière générale, les propriétés électrochimiques des nanocristaux et des ligands greffés sont principalement conservées et les études spectroélectrochimiques démontrent que le mécanisme de dopage des ligands conjugués greffés reste inchangé en présence du nanocristal.
La position des niveaux énergétiques des ligands, par exemple du tétramère d'aniline, par rapport au nanocristal est telle qu'une séparation des charges est possible après une excitation, ce qui est confirmé par la diminution forte de la photoluminescence. Des études de photoluminescence résolue dans le temps montrent une corrélation directe entre la longueur de conjugaison des ligands et l'efficacité du transfert. Dans le cas du tétramère d'aniline, plus aucun signal n'est mesurable. Mais le transfert de charges dans le cas du thiophènedithiobenzoate est également très efficace. Les premières mesures de photocourant sont également prometteuses. Les matériaux développés, qui peuvent être préparés de manière contrôlée et variée, possèdent un potentiel d'application dans les cellules photovoltaïques.