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Academic literature on the topic 'Matériaux polymères isolants'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Matériaux polymères isolants"
Pouillès, Véronique. "Caractérisation diélectrique de matériaux composites isolants : contribution à la modélisation de leur vieillissement." Toulouse 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU30109.
Full textLahoud, Nadine. "Modélisation du vieillissement des isolants organiques sous contrainte électrique : application à la fiabilité des matériaux." Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/517/.
Full textThe aim of this study is to improve the description of solid organic insulators or polymers ageing under electrical stress. With this objective in view, the different ageing scenarios existing in the literature were analyzed, compared and improved. This theoretical study showed that many parameters related to their heterogeneous structure and the distribution of their properties were neglected in order to simplify the modelling. This study presents a new approach in the description of solid organic insulators ageing by taking into consideration their experimentally demonstrated structural complexity. In this approach, the polymer material has been assimilated to a set of sites representing different energy states, thereby different properties as well as ageing rates depending on each site. The principal parameters involved during the ageing process, such as the specific volume variation, the dielectric strength evolution and the local value of the electrical field have been defined. The expression of the retardation time specific to each elementary ageing process has been established. Finally, a distributed form of those retardation times has been presented. Our "phenomenological" approach is thus a multi-sites one permitting, along with an experimental study, to establish an equation relating the life time of polymer electrical insulators to the different parameters at play, all along respecting their distribution over the entire set of sites within the polymer
Bellomo, Jean-Philippe. "Etude des conséquences des nouvelles formes de commande sur les matériaux de l'isolation statorique." Toulouse 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU30067.
Full textEl, Ourzaz Lahcen. "Mesures diélectriques et caractérisation de matériaux moléculaires." Lyon 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LYO10064.
Full textSilva, Igor. "Propriétés des matériaux isolants pour application dans les appareillages moyenne tension à tension continue." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Grenoble Alpes, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024GRALT043.
Full textRecent advancements in direct-current technology from the high-voltage transport and low-voltage consumption have brought medium-voltage DC (MVDC) to the forefront. This thesis delves into the insulating DC properties of two commonly used materials in distribution equipment: epoxy filled with silica and silicone rubber.In a monolayer configuration, each material underwent extensive investigation, focusing on water sorption characteristics and electrical conduction. Current measurements were conducted to analyze conduction under various fields, temperatures, and water uptake conditions. Additionally, the Laser Pressure Pulse (LIPP) method was employed for space charge measurements as a complementary technique. The study extended to a bilayer configuration, combining both materials, with insights from monolayer experiments informing the properties of the bilayer and predicting field distribution.The DC conduction in epoxy exhibited high dependence on water absorption, with moisture influencing non-linearity and altering the conduction mechanism. Conversely, silicone demonstrated electrode-limited conduction, with current variations tied to water sorption through a saturation-limited mechanism. In a hypothetical bilayer configuration, where epoxy represents a type-C bushing and silicone serves as the cable termination, the field is expected to concentrate in the epoxy in dry environments, shifting to silicone as humidity increases. The thesis concludes with discussions on material selection strategies and the design of multi-layer configurations
Schieda, Mauricio. "Elaboration par CVD plasma et caractérisation de matériaux pour pile à combustible à membrane alcaline." Montpellier 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON20202.
Full textMillière, Laurent. "Maîtrise des interfaces pour le contrôle de l'injection de charges dans les polymères isolants électriques." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30317/document.
Full textCharge injection phenomenon in electrically insulating polymers and the resultant electric field distortion remain obstacles to the development of cables for electrical energy transport under high voltage direct current (HVDC). Routes to solve the problem are most often looked for by acting on the material formulation, polyethylene in the present case. As alternative route, we explore in this thesis the possibility to develop a barrier layer allowing fine control of the charge injection in low density polyethylene (LDPE) films. The proposed and further studied solution is to tailor the surface of the polymer film by introducing metallic nanoparticles that would act as deep traps and would produce field screening, thus controlling charge injection. To achieve this, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are deposited on the LDPE and covered by a thin organosilicon layers of the type SiOxCy:H. The nanocomposite layer with total thickness of about 50 nm is elaborated in a plasma process. The AgNPs are obtained by sputtering of a silver target and the organosilicon matrix is then deposited in a plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD). The deposition process is realized in the same reactor in the plasma of an asymmetric RF capacitively coupled discharge maintained at 13.56 MHz at low gas pressure. The obtained characteristics for the AgNPs are for their mean size, density and dispersion. The physico-chemical and structural analyses of the nanocomposite layer allowed identifying the plasma operating conditions to control the AgNPs properties. From the evaluation of the efficiency of the AgNPs/organosilicon stack against charge injection, a detailed description of the required properties of the nanocomposite layer for the control of the charge injection phenomenon was derived. The behaviour of the studied structure, nanocomposite layer deposited on the surface of LDPE film, under electrical stress was studied by space charge measurement through the Pulsed Electro-Acoustic (PEA) method, current and surface potential decay measurements. The obtained results show that tailoring the surface of polyethylene film by very thin nanocomposite layer containing AgNPs embedded at a controlled distance from the free surface of the organosilicon matrix permits suppression of charges injection in LDPE films. The impact of nanocomposite layer structure on the efficiency of the barrier effect was evaluated. The mitigation effect is observed up to the typical service electric field for HVDC applications. This study presents a proof-of-concept and opens the way for interface tailoring to control the charge injection in electrically insulating polymers
Vallée, Franck. "Durabilité des composites polymères/ciment : application au cas des enduits minces sur isolants." Grenoble INPG, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999INPG0138.
Full textAmbid, Matthieu. "Evaluation de nanocomposites polypropylène/silicate pour l'isolation électrique : étude des phénomènes de polarisation, de conduction et des propriétés optiques." Toulouse 3, 2007. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/795/.
Full textThis thesis focuses on polyolefin matrix nanocomposite. The goal is to provide an interpretation on their macroscopic properties. We studied electrical properties, optical and chemicophysical properties of composite materials based on iso- and syndiotactic polypropylene matrix and dispersions belong to the generic class of silicates. The means employed on measures dynamic dielectric analysis, current in the time domain, electroluminescence, photoluminescence and UV-visible spectroscopy. A method of time-frequency inversion was implemented : it allows to explain the transient currents observed from the frequency data and identify the regimes of field where nonlinear phenomena occur
Lefebvre, Jérôme. "Etude et valorisation d'un absorbant innovant à base de polymères d'origine naturelle dédié au confort acoustique." Thesis, Artois, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ARTO0201/document.
Full textThis thesis is about acoustic comfort and deals particularly with absorptive materials used to treat noise pollution in the housing environment. Our purpose is a double-sided one as the idea is to propose a bio based and absorptive material within the range of low frequencies.We have focused on porous bio based material on the same manufacturing process of porous ceramic. It is composed of homogeneous and isotropic cellulose. The making of a polymethyl methcrylate print enabling a thorough control of its internal structure. Then, we have dealt with the experimental characterization of its acoustic properties and of the intrinsic parameters of the material. The analysis of these data together with the numerical modelling permitted to define the physical characteristics having an influence on acoustic performances and to identify their means of improvement.Finally, the implementation of empirical means will be presented, namely: (i) the inclusion of aerogel in the porous mould, (ii) the exploitation of double porosity in two different configurations, either in the case of cellulose/aerogel composite, or the one of a material composed of a double mesoporous/microporous structure and (iii) the use of materials containing gradients of properties (interconnection or porosity). For each of these three approaches, the manufacturing process and the characterization of these new materials are detailed and their acoustic performances are discussed