Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Matériaux hybrides – Synthèse (chimie)'
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Guillerm, Vincent. "Synthèse, fonctionnalisation et propriétés d'adsorption de nouveaux solides hybrides poreux." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011VERS0001.
Porous hybrid solids are intensively studied, and are of a growing interest, due to their polyfunctionality, for several field for their potential applications in catalysis, adsorption/storage/separation, optical properties, drug release, etc. The bibliographic part of this thesis summarizes the main concepts related to Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs), with a particular interest in tetravalent metal chemistry (zirconium, titanium) and polycarboxylate based MOFs, as well as their functionalization and their sorption properties. The second part deals with the study of a series of functionalized « flexible » MOFs (belonging to the MIL-53(Cr) structure type), using organic groups exhibiting different polarities. This study goes from the synthesis to the gas sorption properties (CO2, CH4). The next chapter is looking toward MOFs synthesis using zirconium and titanium, which were up to now scarcely used in the field of MOFs. In the same way than previously, a large series of functionalized UiO-66 solids were studied, as well as few extended analogues, as well as an unprecedented isoreticular series of zirconium carboxylates, labeled MIL-140. A particular interest is here given to the comparison of these two series, both in term of hydrothermal and mechanical stabilities, which are of outmost importance for most of the industrial applications, but also in term of gas sorption properties (N2, CO2, CH4, H2S). Finally, several large scale syntheses of known or new MOFs have been performed, so that these compounds could be provided to few collaborators. Their published results have been inserted in this chapter
Périneau, Fabien. "Synthèse et propriétés de matériaux hybrides élastomères à base d'oxo-clusters de titane." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066652.
Thieuleux, Chloé. "Synthèse de matériaux hybrides mésostructurés en présence de tensioactifs non-ioniques - Contrôle de la chimie dans les pores et dans les murs." Montpellier 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON20089.
Amanchar, Sara. "Synthèse et cristallochimie de nouveaux matériaux hybrides à base d’éléments 3d et/ou 4f." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LORR0188.
This thesis focuses on the synthesis and crystal-chemistry characterization of hybrid materials combining a dicarboxylate organic framework and a mineral component (3d and/or 4f ions). A novel divalent iron oxalate, [NH4]2[FeII(C2O4)2]·H2O, obtained by solvent-free synthesis is presented. Its crystal structure is resolved and described from both single crystal and powder X-ray diffraction. It is an orthorhombic structure with a marked two-dimensional character which contains two sites for ferrous ions. Magnetic and Mössbauer 57Fe spectrometry measurements complete and confirm these results. A large family of new compounds, of general formula Ln2(C8H6O4)3(NMF)4.xH2O.yNMF (Ln = Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Dy and Er), based on the terephthalate ligand and 4f ions, is then described. Depending on the size of the 4f ion and temperature of synthesis, three different crystalline structures have been revealed. These compounds were synthesized by the hydrothermal method at temperatures of 120°C and 150°C, using the solvent N-MethylFormamide (NMF), rarely used in the synthesis of hybrid materials based on 4f ions. Depending on the structural type adopted, the 4f ions associate in dimers, in pseudo-dimers or form chains. The association of 3d and 4f ions under similar synthesis conditions led to a three-dimensional assembly in LnMn3(1,4-bdc)4(form)2(NMF)2·Hma compounds. The crystallographic characterization was carried out using X-ray diffraction measurements (single crystal and powder), supplemented by thermogravimetric measurements. Special attention was paid to the completion of the study of the compound Mn3(OH)2(C6H2O4S)2. The preparation of samples in anaerobic conditions, purer than those of previous works, made possible neutron diffraction measurements (PSI, Switzerland) and the determination of the magnetic structure. We show that the antiferromagnetic structure of Mn3(OH)2(C6H2O4S)2 is closely related to that of Mn2(OH)2(C8H4O4)
Lepeytre, Cédric. "Matériaux hybrides organique-inorganique monophasés : synthèse et étude des paramètres conditionnant le solide." Montpellier 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON20014.
Fouineau, Jonathan. "Synthèse de nanoparticules de chalcogénures de bismuth par chimie douce et élaboration de matériaux hybrides pour la thermoélectricité." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC176.
Thermoelectric systems allow for the direct and reversible conversion of a temperature difference into electricity. Doped semiconductors allow to obtain effective systems for a substantial difference of temperature, nevertheless they are limited to niche applications. Bi2Te3, the reference material for applications close to room temperature is, in addition, toxic and costly. Electron conducting polymers represent an alternative for low temperature thermoelectric devices rince they are flexible, light and cost¬effective, however their performance is still too low for large scale development. The objective of this thesis was to develop hybrid materials with a good control of the inorganic-organic interface in order to take advantage of both components and prepare materials with enhanced thermoelectric properties. To achieve this objective, Bi2Te3 doped with Se, S or Sb nanoparticles were synthesized using a soft chemistry route. Their mechanisms of formation in the presence of different additives have been studied and different compositions and morphologies have been obtained. Oligothiophenes molecules functionalized with thiols functions were then prepared and further grafted at the surface of synthesized nanomaterials. Finally, hybrid materials were obtained either by dispersing grafted particles into a conducting polymer matrix, or by chemical or electrochemical co-polymerization of the grafted monomer with a monomer in solution. The use of grafted particles lead to a better dispersion of the inorganic material in the polymer matrix compared to bare particles
Llàcer, Martínez Jaume. "Matériaux pérovskites hybrides : caractérisation des propriétés électroniques et stabilité à l’échelle nanométrique." Thesis, Lille 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIL1I062.
Global warming is one of the main concerns in our society nowadays, year after year the impact and consequences are becoming more visible. The Paris agreement set a target to limit the CO2 emission, which is mainly caused from the increasing demand for energy based on fossil fuels. Since then, the scientific community has increased their efforts on looking for clean energy sources such as renewable energies. In this regard, solar energy is meant to be one of the main energy sources that could replace fossil fuels. Therefore, photovoltaic technologies have evolved tremendously and, organic-inorganic hybrid halide perovskite materials have been one of the technologies with the fastest growth in solar cell performance. Perovskite materials possess unique properties such as flexibility, low-cost and ease to manufacture. Nonetheless, there are still some issues regarding their stability against atmospheric conditions that need to be understood. This dissertation focuses on the characterization of the electrical properties at the nanoscale of perovskite-based thin films by means of scanning probe microscopies (Conducting AFM, Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy, and Scanning Microwave Microscopy).In this growing field of research, many perovskite structures, deposition methods, and synthesis routes have been developed and introduced in perovskite-based solar cells. In the first part of this dissertation, the context of perovskite materials is detailed and the methodology used through the thesis is also described. Then, we study and compare the electronic properties at the surface of perovskite materials synthesized following two different routes. Moreover, it is known that device engineering can increase both, the performance, and the stability of perovskite solar cells. In a second part if the thesis, we show that for a given perovskite structure, the stability upon exposure to controlled small amounts of water can be significantly improved through the synthesis optimization. Finally, we provide a series of conclusions and perspectives that could help to further understand the perovskite behaviour at the local scale and to improve the cell performances
Aumaitre, Cyril. "Synthèse et études de matériaux organiques absorbeurs visible-proche infrarouge pour la réalisation de cellules solaires hybrides." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAV050/document.
On a global scale, the share of renewable energies in the energy mix is constantly increasing. Based on the principle of photosynthesis, Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells are an emerging technology for Building Integration Photovoltaic (BIPV). These hybrid cells use an inorganic semiconductor oxide whose surface is covered with an organic dye. The absorption of the incident light by this dye will cause the injection of an electron from the photo-excited state of the molecule into the conduction band of the oxide. A redox mediator present in the electrolyte will regenerate the oxidized dye and generate a current under illumination. The dyes already described in the literature shows efficiencies reaching 14%. On the other hand, very few of these materials can absorb up to the near infrared range (NIR) (700-1000 nm). Thereby, the absorption of the NIR spectral range could lead to a greater photo-generated current density. In this context, this work presents a complete study of new panchromatic dyes extending into the near infrared range. For this study, the "donor-acceptor" approach was used to obtain the desired optoelectronic properties. A first family based on benzothiadiazole derivatives has been developed leading to very good absorption properties in the NIR region (absorption up to 925 nm). The optical, electrochemical and photovoltaic properties of these materials have been studied in order to understand the limitations for solar cell applications. Following this, a new dye family based on isoindigo derivatives was synthesized and studied by UV-Visible spectroscopy, electrochemistry and DFT simulation. These compounds strongly absorbs in the UV-visible and NIR spectral range up to 848 nm. The dyeing bath composition and the electrolyte formulation were optimized in order to obtain a device conversion efficiency of 5.76%. Photophysical measurements have allowed us to have a fine understanding of the limiting factors of these dyes. On the basis of this observation, we improved the structure of one of the dye and witg this new molecule we reached a power conversion efficiency of 7.0% with a UV-Visible and near infrared absorption for the solar cell. In the last part of this work we have also obtained preliminary results employing various alternative materials to the TiO2/iodine system
Khlifi, Soumaya. "Nanomatériaux hybrides luminescents à clusters de métaux de transition : synthèse, mise en forme et modulation des propriétés optiques." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REN1S091.
Photoluminescent materials are playing a major role in applications related to photonics, optoelectronics or lighting. Combining them with polymers allows the design of easy-to-shape-functional materials with enhanced application versatility. Related to this, hybrid materials composed of an organic polymer matrix containing strongly luminescent octahedral metal clusters were prepared. Octahedral metal clusters have several advantages: a deep luminescence in the red and the near-IR region, a high quantum yield, a large Stokes shift and no photobleaching or photoblinking effects. As organic host matrices, PMMA and PDMS were used because of their optical and mechanical properties in addition to their thermal stability. However, a prerequisite for realizing hybrid materials is to homogeneously introduce the ceramic inorganic emitter in the organic polymer to avoid segregation-phase phenomena. For this purpose, several integration approaches were developed to prepare new hybrid materials. Meanwhile, spectroscopic analysis were performed on these hybrids demonstrating their huge potential. Actually, these hybrids were used to design a self-erasable inkless light-imprinting material when the hybrid is combined with an organic fluorophore, and 1D- and 2D-waveguides. The 1D-waveguides can be applied for integrated photonics while 2D-waveguides combined with liquid-crystals lead to a new luminescent PDLC (Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal) material for Luminescent Solar Concentrator technology
Nabokoff, Pierre. "Synthèses de précurseurs organiques de radicaux hétéroatomiques pour la préparation de matériaux hybrides." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2020. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/201218_NABOKOFF_575sxytx526xlluw827l449jumhkc_TH.pdf.
The aim of this work was to investigate the influence of the nanocofinement on the behaviour of organic substrates embedded in mesoporous silicas. This research hinged on two parts. The first study focused on the efficiency of the fragmentation reaction of confined alkoxyamines, under thermal or photochemical activation. Thanks to the comparison with the very same reactions in solution, the quantitative EPR measurements showed that the confinement of organic precursors had no effect on the efficiency of these reactions. Secondly, organic-inorganic hybrid materials were synthesized. These mesoporous silicas were functionalized with diazene radical precursors. Upon 360 nm irradiation, they generated heteroatomic radicals. Different materials were prepared, including one which enabled to form a face-to-face pair of different radicals, i.e. an aryloxyl radical in front of an arylsulfanyl radical. Studies carried out by continuous and pulsed wave EPR enabled to highlight the high stability of these confined paramagnetic species and to measure their relaxation times
Vallé, Karine. "Accès à de nouveaux matériaux hybrides organiques-inorganiques à propriétés magnétiques : phosphonates et sulfonates métalliques porteurs de radicaux nitroxyles." Montpellier 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MON20159.
Brondani, Dalci José. "Nouveaux réactifs de trialcoxysilylation. Utilisation pour la synthèse de précurseurs de composés hypervalents et de polymères et matériaux hybrides organominéraux." Montpellier 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON20027.
Lerouge, Frédéric. "Auto-organisation des matériaux hybrides organique inorganique : influence de la géométrie du précurseur et des paramètres de synthèse." Montpellier 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON20144.
Besançon, Manon. "Synthèse in situ de nanocomposites par chimie sol-gel non-hydrolytique en voie fondu." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon, 2020. https://n2t.net/ark:/47881/m6pn95cw.
Polymer nanocomposites have drawn considerable attention due to the improvement of structural and functional properties of polymer based systems. The common way to elaborate nanocomposites is the dispersion of fillers into the polymer. However, the agglomeration of nanofillers in the polymer and the increasing concerns about the manipulation of nanoobjects are the main issues of this technique. To overcome these problems, a “bottom-up” approach has been developed in recent years combining reactive extrusion and hydrolytic sol-gel chemistry. This approach has some limitations for non-polar polymers. Indeed, water is required and the surface of such inorganic phases presents hydroxyl groups involving a weak interaction with the polymer matrix. Our approach is to use non-hydrolytic sol-gel chemistry to generate nanofillers in the molten polymer. The specificity of NHSG is the use of an oxygen donor instead of water and the ability to control the shape and the size of nanofillers. Syntheses of titanium dioxide and layered titanium phosphonates were carried out in molten polymer. Different precursors were investigated in order to improve the compatibility between matrix and fillers and obtain homogeneous dispersion of small size fillers. The influence of the polymer nature on the obtained fillers morphology has also been studied
Venturini, Pierre. "Synthèse et caractérisation de nanomatériaux hybrides innovants pour le biomédical." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0351/document.
From decades now, nanomaterials and especially superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles are studied for their numerous applications in nanomedecine area. The biocompatibility and the magnetic properties of such nano-objects allow their utilization for diagnostic (MRI, optical imagery, PET…) and for therapy application (nanovectorization, hyperthermia…) During this thesis work, the first step was to study the influence of several synthesis parameters on the final properties of the magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. The aim of this study was the development and the optimization of the widely used way of synthesis by co-precipitation modified by a ligand addition during the growth step of the synthesis. Citrate capped iron oxide nanoparticles with a controlled size between 4 and 13 nm have been synthesized, the saturation magnetization of these nanoparticles reach 75 emu/g of iron oxide, this value is particularly high for nanoparticles of such sizes. During this work, the large panel of characterizations performed on these nanoparticles (TEM, XRD, Mössbauer, FTIR, XPS, DLS, Magnetic measurement) allowed to study precisely the relations between size, ligand ratio, composition and magnetic properties of the synthesized nanoparticles. The interaction between the synthesized citrate capped nanoparticles and biological materials such as human cells have been investigated in-vitro notably to evaluate cells internalization and citotoxicity. In a second step, some additional works have been performed on the citrate capped iron oxide nanoparticles in order to replace the citrate ligand by a bio-inspired polymer (poly-oxazoline). This polymer can have multiple biomedical applications depending of the pendent chemical groups that have been fixed on it
Brulay, Guillaume. "Optimisation de la quantité de radicaux générés dans les silices hybrides mésoporeuses : synthèse, caractérisation, application." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022AIXM0575.
The aim of this work was the development of hybrid mesoporous silicas composed with high concentration of embedded transient radicals in order to use them as polarizing agent in DNP-NMR. First of all, quantitative yield in paramagnetic centers were obtained from unimolecular processed carried out under photoirradiation. The synthesis and optimization of photolysis conditions allowed to obtain functionalized silicas by transient radicals from good to quantitative yields. The reactivity difference of radical precursors was rationalized by the fragmentation mechanism and environmental constraints inside the walls of the silica structure which provided high yields. Polyradical systems were characterized by EPR spectroscopy. High life-time allows the evaluation of these new "persistent" radical species as polarizing agent for DNP-NMR
Abada, Valérie. "Synthèse et caractérisation de fluoroalcoxydes volatils de cérium (IV), de pinacolates homométalliques de niobium (V) et hétérométalliques "Ce-M"(M=Ti,Nb) et de précurseurs moléculaires de matériaux hybrides." Montpellier 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON20232.
Lin, Qiqiao. "Luminescent hybrid materials for LED lighting." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLX036.
This thesis aimed at designing and synthesizing organic-inorganic hybrid materials with controlled luminescence and at investigating them as phosphors for LED lighting. The final goal was to obtain a white source of light. Indeed, commercial white LEDs are made up of a blue emitting device covered with a yellow phosphor. Combining these two colors yields white light. However, this light is not of good quality as it lacks some red component. This results in a bad rendering of the colors of objects illuminated by these sources of light. In our work, conjugated polymers with different emission colors have successfully been obtained. In particular, several single white emitters have been isolated.In this PhD thesis, not only the synthetic procedures and chemical characterizations are presented in detail, but also the studies of the photophysical properties of the polymers, either in solution or in the solid state. Solid state studies were performed on the bulk polymers and on the polymers dispersed into a polymeric matrix. These studies have lead to identify the limiting factors that could hamper the use of the materials. Solutions have been proposed to improve the materials performance and stability. Furthermore, 2,2’-bipyrimidine has been introduced as a new synthon for designing and developing conjugated polymers
Jouffret, Laurent. "Synthèse hydrothermale d’uranyle-vanadates et d’uranyle-phosphates : influence des amines et dimensionnalité des arrangements inorganiques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL10065.
Solid state chemistry of hybrid organic-inorganic compounds containing uranium has been enriched recently by a multiplication of papers dealing with two and three dimensional inorganic materials. This work deals with hydrothermal synthesis of compounds in the uranyl-phosphate-amine and uranyl-vanadate-amine systems. Determination of their structure was done by X-ray diffraction on single crystals. Their thermal stability was also studied. According to the pH of the initial solutions, and nature of the amine used, different families of compounds appear. With a basic pH, the obtained compounds are two dimensional with the layers corresponding to those found in naturally occurring phases, such as carnotite type layer for the uranyl-vanadate system and autunite for the uranyl-phosphate system. With an acidic pH, compounds with three dimensional frameworks are stabilized by the presence of the amines. The frameworks result from uranophane type uranyl-vanadate or uranyl-phosphate layers connected by uranyl pillars. They display different U/V or U/P ratios depending on the geometric isomer of the uranophane layer. Identification of new geometric isomers has led to a simple classification of the isomers which helps to their comparison and to the understanding of their formation. Finally, using ethylene diamine in the uranyl-phosphate system reduces in situ uranium (VI) into uranium (IV) and forms a uranium (IV) phosphate in which the uranium-phosphate layers alternate with diprotonated ethylene diamine layers
Jouffret, Laurent. "Synthèse hydrothermale d’uranyle-vanadates et d’uranyle-phosphates : influence des amines et dimensionnalité des arrangements inorganiques." Thesis, Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL10065/document.
Solid state chemistry of hybrid organic-inorganic compounds containing uranium has been enriched recently by a multiplication of papers dealing with two and three dimensional inorganic materials. This work deals with hydrothermal synthesis of compounds in the uranyl-phosphate-amine and uranyl-vanadate-amine systems. Determination of their structure was done by X-ray diffraction on single crystals. Their thermal stability was also studied. According to the pH of the initial solutions, and nature of the amine used, different families of compounds appear. With a basic pH, the obtained compounds are two dimensional with the layers corresponding to those found in naturally occurring phases, such as carnotite type layer for the uranyl-vanadate system and autunite for the uranyl-phosphate system. With an acidic pH, compounds with three dimensional frameworks are stabilized by the presence of the amines. The frameworks result from uranophane type uranyl-vanadate or uranyl-phosphate layers connected by uranyl pillars. They display different U/V or U/P ratios depending on the geometric isomer of the uranophane layer. Identification of new geometric isomers has led to a simple classification of the isomers which helps to their comparison and to the understanding of their formation. Finally, using ethylene diamine in the uranyl-phosphate system reduces in situ uranium (VI) into uranium (IV) and forms a uranium (IV) phosphate in which the uranium-phosphate layers alternate with diprotonated ethylene diamine layers
Rat, Sylvain. "Synthèses et caractérisations de films et de nanocomposites de matériaux à transition de spin pour des applications dans des dispositifs électroniques et mécaniques." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30313/document.
Nowadays, going from molecules to devices is one of the main challenge in the field of switchable molecular materials. In this context, spin crossover complexes (SCO) are good candidates as they can be reversibly switched from a low spin state to a high spin state with various external stimuli (temperature, light ...). This switch is followed by an important change of their physical properties (magnetic, optical, elastic...). The objective of this Ph.D thesis is to synthetize and characterize films and nanocomposites based on spin crossover materials for applications in electronical and mechanical and optical devices. A first approach to obtain thin film that can be integrated consist in using sublimation technique. To this aim, neutral Fe(II) complexes based on poly(azolyl)borate ligand have been synthetized. Studies of the correlation between spin crossover properties and structural properties have been complemented with synchrotron measurements to determine crystal lattice dynamics parameters. Films of these complexes have been integrated in electrical junction bringing new bistability properties and displaying different conduction mechanisms depending on the SCO film thickness. Films have been also deposited on micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) which demonstrated mechanical bistability. Another approach reside in elaborating composite materials based on polymer and SCO complexes. Thus, a cellulose composite paper based on SCO complexes has been prepared and studied by dynamic mechanical analysis indicating a bistability of its mechanical properties. A proof of concept of a re-writable composite paper using SCO thermochromism has been presented. In another hand, nanocomposites based on the electroactive polymer P(VDF-trFE) (piezo-, pyro- and ferroelectric), and SCO nanoparticles has been synthetized. A study of their electromechanical properties revealed current discharge peaks associated to the SCO phenomenon highlighting a synergy between the two composites constituents
Cheikh, Ibrahim Ajfane. "Synthèse des matériaux hybrides organiques inorganiques multifonctionnalisés." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON20067/document.
The aim of this work was focused on the structuration and the functionalization of organic-inorganic hybrid materials by the sol-gel process.The synthesis and characterization of new proton conductive membranes for fuel cell proton exchange membrane (PMFC), was prepared in the first part. Hybrid membranes based on polyethylene glycol highly functionalized with sulfonic acid have been synthesized and characterized through a physicochemical and proton conductivity. They have good mechanical properties, a sufficient chemical stability and a performant proton conductivity to be used as an electrolyte in fuel cell proton exchange membrane.In the second part, we have developed hybrid mesoporous materials with porous multifunctionalized in the presence of surfactant nonionic block copolymer (P123). Two probes were used for this study: the proton exchange capacity and the control of the growth of gold nanoparticles in the pores
Massard, Alexandre. "Ligands hybrides : synthèse et chimie de coordination." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00704510.
Vinas, Jérôme. "Matériaux hybrides polymères-particules de silice : synthèse et caractérisation." Phd thesis, Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00343397.
A notre connaissance, il s'agit du premier exemple d'une polymérisation amorcée depuis la surface de nano-particules de silice en phase aqueuse.
Minet, Jérôme. "Synthèse et caractérisation de silicates de calcium hydratés hybrides." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2003. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00000759.
Galmiche, Marion. "Matériaux hybrides pour de potentielles applications thermoélectriques." Caen, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CAEN2005.
New lamellar hybrid materials, potentially usable in thermoelectric applications at room temperature, were synthesized from substituted phosphonic acids and were characterised. The intercalation of conductive polymers was also tested. The hybrid materials were synthesized by hydrothermal process by mixing a zinc or a cobalt inorganic salt and an organic molecule made of a thiophene aromatic ring with a phosphonic acid function grafted in position 2 or 3: 2-thienylphosphonic acid or 3-thiernylphosphonic acid. X-Ray diffraction on single crystal allowed the determination of the lamellar structure of these compounds. It is composed of alternating organic and inorganic layers. For the compounds obtained with the 2 thienylphosphonic acid, incommensurate structures were obtained. The compounds did not present any intrinsic electrical conductivity. Therefore, to induce the electrical conductivity within the organic layer, two strategies were chosen: i) the intercalation of pyrrole or thiophene monomers in the organic layer followed by an in-situ polymerization in order to obtain a conductive polymer; ii) the direct in-situ polymerization of the thiophene involved in the organic layer of the material to form a conductive polymer
Cheviron, Perrine. "Nanostructuration de films nanocomposites amidon / argent et amidon / argent / montmorillonites par procédé de « chimie verte » : influence des voies de génération des nanoparticules métalliques sur la structure et les propriétés de transport." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10047/document.
The present work reports a strategy involving the preparation of silver nanoparticles in a biodegradable polymer stemming from either an ex situ or an in situ method, using in both cases a completely green chemistry process. The influence of the reducing agent concentration and the silver nanoparticles generation route is investigated on the structure, the morphology and the properties of the nanocomposite films. In both routes, silver nanoparticles with a diameter below 30 nm were highlighted in the nanocomposite films. For all nanocomposite films, no modification on the crystalline structure of the starch matrix is observed in the presence of silver. The in situ generation route allowed to obtain the smallest silver nanoparticles with a diameter below 10 nm. Crystalline silver nanoparticles were obtained only from the in situ generation route at the temperature of 85°C. The introduction of montmorillonites in both generation routes was also studied. The decrease of the water sorption and the improvement of water and oxygen barrier properties were found to be not dependent on the reducing agent concentration but mainly on the presence of the crystalline structure of the silver nanoparticles. Thus, significant enhancement of the barrier properties were finally obtained for the in situ nanocomposite films thanks to an efficient interaction between the crystalline silver nanoparticles and the starch matrix
Ciccione, Jeremie. "synthèse de peptides silylés pour la conception de matériaux hybrides." Thesis, Montpellier, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENCM0018/document.
This thesis is dedicated to the synthesis of hybrid peptides functionalized with one or more silane groups and their use for the preparation of hybrid materials. Two precursors were developed: triethoxysilane and chlorodimethylsilane peptides.The first part of the manuscript deals with the synthesis of triethoxysilylated peptides as ligands of receptors over-expressed in tumor cells. They were used for the multi-functionalization of fluorescent silica nanoparticles prepared by sol-gel process. An original fluorine-NMR method was developped to demonstrate and quantify the efficiency of the grafting. To investigate the tumor targeting ability, the nanoparticles were assayed against different cell lines by flow cytometry. At last, in order to use mesoporous silica nanoparticles as a delivery system, a shell of hybrid peptides, which sequence was chosen as substrate of peptidases, was anchored to the surface. The release of a fluorescent cargo was studied.The last part of the manuscript describes a new class of silicone-containing peptide dimers or polymers obtained by a straightforward polymerization in water using tailored chlorodimethylsilyl peptide blocks as monomeric units. Different architectures were obtained including linear and comb-like polymers.On the contrary of post-functionalization strategies relying on multi-step synthesis, the use of hybrid peptide and sol gel process allows an easy and controlled access to tunable new biomaterials, in soft conditions, with a high versatility
Surblé, Suzy Nathalie. "Synthèse et caractérisations physico-chimiques de matériaux hybrides poreux multifonctionnels." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006VERS0046.
Synthesis and physico-chem Porous solids are known as being a strategie mate rials class for their potential applications in fields such a~ catalysis, gas separation, storage or optical properties. This work has aimed to synthesize new multifonctionnal porous materials. The first chapter recalls the history of porous solids from zeolithes to today. A short structural description of several hybrid solid with carboxylates has been developed. The following chapters mention two solids, iIIustrating clearly the concept of scale chemistry and they show the contribution of simulation in resolution of structures from X-ray powder data. Porous solids, ca lied MIL88, are flexible and isoreticular. The Amplitude of breathing is unique in the field of porous materials: between 87% and 230%. This amplitude is selective and reversible. Structural determination of hybrid solids with large pores size (MIL 100 and MIL 101) using X-ray powder data is a turning point i our history. These solids are unique with hierarchy of extra-large pore sizes: microporous cage and two mesoporous cages perfectly crystallized. They have a giant cells volumes (380000 A3 et 700000 A3) and a record surface area : 3100 m2. G-1 and 5900 m2. G-1. The two final sections bring up on the one hand, the synthesis of new carboxylate of rare earths and on the other hand a spectroscopie study of the Eu3+ cations in attempt of proposing a correlation between crystalline structure and optical properties. Ical characterization of multifonctionnal porous materials
Surivet, Françoise. "Synthèse et caractérisation de matériaux hybrides organiques-inorganiques : les céramères." Lyon, INSA, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ISAL0002.
Investigations on new hybrid organic/inorganic materials , the ceramers were focused on the use of silane-terminated organic macromers for different applications such as coupling coatings or adhesives. The hydrolysis and poly condensation reactions involving alkoxy-silane groups have been studied using model compounds. The molecular weight evolution and the appearance of the different condensed species are followed by silicone nuclear magnetic resonance and size exclusion chromatography. If hydrolysis is very fast, the condensation reaction occurs at a lower rate. The polymerization process is controlled by the reactivity of the functional groups and depends on how many of these functional groups have been condensed. Finally, substitution effects are also increased by structural transformations : phase separation and vitrification. The nature, the molecular weight of the macrodiol and the curing process affect the structure of ceramers. By using two complementary analysis, dynamic mechanical analysis and small angle X-ray scattering analysis, the complex structure of ceramers has been modelised
Sayah, Reine. "Synthèse de matériaux hybrides organophosphines mésostructures et application en catalyse." Lyon 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LYO10203.
The fonctionnalisation of hexagonally and mesoporous silica (SBA-15 or SBA-3) has been realised due to covalently bonds between the organic and/or organometallic species for grafting, and the material surfaces to forbid their leaching. This approach requires a modification in the ligands structure in the aim to add functions as trialkoxysilane groups which can be condensed with the surface silanols. The precursors that we immobilised are: dicylohexyl diphenylphosphine ligand and Rh-DIOP complexes. The obtained hybrids materials have catalytic properties. They are engaged either in the Suzuki-Miyaura reaction or in the asymmetric hydrogenation one. The characterizations performed at each synthesis step (XRD, MAS NMR 13C, 29Si and 31P, FT-IR, adsorption-desorption of nitrogen, TGA and analysis of elements) confirm the conservation of the hexagonally and the mesoporous structure of the initial materials and certified the integrity of the grafted ligand/comlexe
Porcherie, Olivier. "Elaboration et étude de matériaux hybrides organiques-inorganiques." Montpellier 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON20098.
Alauzun, Johan. "Structuration et fonctionnalisation de matériaux hybrides organiques-inorganiques." Montpellier 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON20139.
Aouad, Amina. "Pontage de bentonites en milieu concentré : synthèse, caractérisation physico-chimique et application." Orléans, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ORLE2022.
Ghosh, Shubhajit. "Matériaux hybrides obtenus par voie sol-gel : étude de quelques facteurs contrôlant la texture et l'auto organisation." Montpellier 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON20051.
Morkos, Douaihy Christiane. "Polyaminophosphonates : synthèse, propriétés et applications en chimie des matériaux." Dijon, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009DIJOS032.
Depardieu, Martin. "Chimie intégrative pour la synthèse de matériaux fonctionnels avancés." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0316/document.
Hierarchical porosity in solid foams allows the combination of the advantages offered by the different scales of structuration : macropores allow high porous volume and easy diffusion of reagents, while mesopores and micropores allow confinement and high specific surface areas. Integrative chemistry, associating soft matter and soft chemistry, offers a variety of synthetic pathways to generate such materials. We used emulsions and surfactants to template sol-gel chemistry in order to obtain silica foams bearing hierarchical porosity. These silica foams were employed as hard templates to synthesize carbon foams, used as electrodes in lithium-sulfur batteries bearing high capacities. We then explored the impact on performances of loading them with metallic nanoparticles. We also studied the potential of those carbon foams for hydrogen storage, and we obtained cycling capabilities with LiBH4 after loading them with metallic nanoparticles. Finally, the silica foams were used as a support for bacterial growth. Indeed, when bacteria grow in a confined medium, the kinetics of growth and their final concentration can be totally different than what is observed in classical cultures, which is of high interest for applications such as biocatalysis
Suspene, Clément. "Synthèse de matériaux hybrides incorporant des ligands chélatants tétraazotés : application à la fixation de gaz." Dijon, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007DIJOS041.
In 1999, new mesoporous hybrid materials incorporating organic moieties in their silica inorganic framework were discovered. These materials called “PMOs” (Periodic Mesoporous Organosilicas) were synthesized from bridged-silsesquioxanes (EtO)3Si-R-Si(OEt)3 by the sol-gel process in presence of a structure directing agent. The organic chelating groups are homogeneously distributed in the porous network, which allows a good accessibility of the active sites to different substrates such as metallic cations, particularly transition metals (Cu2+), and gas molecules (O2, CO). By using a non-ionic surfactant such as triblock copolymers, the materials incorporating N-functionalized tetraazamacrocycles (cyclam, cyclen) in their walls were obtained and have shown a good organisation at short and long ranges with hexagonal or wormlike mesophases. After complexation with Cu(II) and thermal activation under reduced pressure, these materials were able to coordinate dioxygen and carbon monoxide. Another family of copper complexes, derived from tripodal tetradentate amine ligands such as tris(aminoethyl)amine (Tren), was incorporated into a porous matrix by employing a cationic surfactant (ctab). The resulting materials exhibited a high level of microporosity and their complexation under argon led to solids with original coordination properties of dioxygen and to a stable copper-dioxygen adduct at room temperature
Chappellet, Sabrina. "Synthèse et caractérisation de polysilsesquioxanes bidimensionnels à partir de bis-silanetriols et de polysiloxanes organisés à partir de bis-silanediols." Montpellier 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MON20105.
Carbonneau, Céline. "Synthèses de matériaux hybrides organiques-inorganiques à terminaisons mixtes silicates phosphonates." Montpellier 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON20123.
Zacca-Fadous, Maria-José. "Synthèse des matériaux hybrides organiques-inorganiques pour l’application dans l’énergie et l’environnement." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS221/document.
The field of organic-inorganic hybrid materials takes much more importance day by day. This thesis project addresses the benefits of such materials and summarizes the materials used in two areas, energy and environment.Π-conjugated materials based on poly (3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and silica were synthesized and characterized. We showed that the organization obtained thanks to self-assembly of the alkylenes chains and during the sol-gel process promote a regioregular polymerization of thiophenes units.On the other hand, organized (mesoporous and lamellar) hybrid materials functionalized with amines or carboxylic acids groups were synthesized and characterized. By chemichal modifications zwitterionic materials were and used for ions extractions from water. The results show that the layered materials containig sodium ions are the most effective for the cations extraction. These same materials were tested as catalysts for epoxidation which opened several perspectives on the subject
Gadenne, Benoît. "Matériaux hybrides nanostructurés incorporant des entités chirales ou ioniques : Synthèse et application." Montpellier 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON20024.
Le, Calvé Stéphanie. "Etude du cluster oxo-métallique Ti16O16(OEt)32 par RMN : objet modèle pour la compréhension de la réactivité d'interface." Orléans, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ORLE2028.
Coué, Violaine. "Étude de matériaux hybrides organique-inorganique photochromiques à base de polyoxomolybdates." Nantes, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NANT2050.
Investigations on photochromic materials, compounds that undergo a significant color change upon UV-vis irradiation, have been extensive over the last century. This stems from their potential application as ophtalmic lenses, printing, cosmetics, switches and sensors, optical data storage… While pure organic and inorganic photochromic materials have been known for a long time, hybrid organic-inorganic materials receive much attention only recently. Hybrid organic-inorganic materials based on structurally well-defined polyoxomolybdates (Mo-POMs) and organoammonium cations are potential photochromic materials, when the building blocks are linked via hydrogen bonds interaction. These compounds exhibit a high degree of organization, which favors the characterization of the organic-inorganic interface. The topological versatility of both organoammonium cations and Mo-POMs blocks enables a large range of original hybrid self-assembled frameworks with tunable dimensionality and photochromic properties. Namely, the mineral entity can be designed by playing with the nature of the countercation, the pH, the temperature, the cation/molybdate ratio, …, as we discuss for the HDBU+, H2DABCO2+ and H2pipz2+ containing systems. Moreover, we evidence that the photogenerated color of the material strongly depends on the inorganic anions, while the kinetics of the coloration change is influenced by the nature of the organoammonium cation. The topology of the hydrogen-bond subnetwork will determine the material ability to transit towards a photogenerated state under illumination
Lesage, de la Haye Jennifer. "Hybrides polyoxométallate-polymère par polymérisation RAFT en solution et en émulsion : synthèse, propriétés et applications." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066745.
The goal of this Ph. D. Was the formation of covalent polymer-polyoxometalate organic-inorganic hybrids, which can synergistically combine the inherent properties of both components. In a first part, we prepared thermoresponsive polyoxometalate-poly(N,N-diethylacrylamide) (POM-PDEAAm) hybrids using RAFT radical controlled polymerization. A POM-based RAFT hybrid agent bearing a trithiocarbonate group (POM-TTC) efficiently controlled the formation of hybrids over a broad molar mass range (from 15 to 100 kg mol-1). The temperature-dependent solubility was revealed through the formation of mesoglobules at high temperature, whose stabilization depends on the POM counter-ion. The formation of stable toward aggregation, spherical and homogeneous silver nanoparticles, with a size below 5 nm highlights the synergy introduced by the covalent linkage. In a second part, covalent and non-covalent polystyrene-POM hybrid latexes were synthesized using radical emulsion polymerizations with amphiphilic POM surfactants. The POMs incorporated in the latexes retained their photocatalytic activity. RAFT hybrid agent POM-TTC also led to statistic POM-poly(n-butyl acrylate-co-styrene) hybrid copolymers which can form films. Finally, a related work dealt with the synthesis of POM-porphyrin diads and triads
Papavero, Amory. "Élaboration et caractérisation de composites hybrides thermoélectriques." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON20240.
Ngo, Van Giang. "Nanoparticules hybrides oxydes métalliques/polymères : synthèse et caractérisation." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TOUL0016.
The objective of this study is to synthesize and characterize new organic/inorganic hybrid materials obtained by grafting methacrylic polymer through the surface of metal oxide nanoparticles. Commercially available titanium dioxide (TiO2) and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles were used as raw materials. For a better understanding of parameters which influence the grafting efficiency of polymers, ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized using the precipitation method. The synthetic pathway was optimized to obtain nanoparticles with high surface area and surface hydroxylation. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to determine the crystal structure, the size and morphology of nanoparticles. A polymerizable silane coupling agent, i.e. 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propylmethacrylate (MPS) was used to modify the surface of nanoparticules to obtain hydrophobic surface containing a polymerizable function. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), solid-state (13C and 29Si) Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopic investigations demonstrated that the silane coupling agent was fully hydrolyzed and linked to the hydroxyl groups already present on the particle surface through covalent and hydrogen bonds. Thermogravimetric data were helpful to quantify the amount of MPS linked to the nanoparticles surface. New poly(methacrylic ester)/ZnO and TiO2 nano-hybrid particles were prepared by in situ RAFT polymerization were prepared using the "grafting through" method. (Meth)acrylic homopolymers and diblock copolymers containing unconventional trialkylsilyl methacrylate (MASi) and methyl methacrylate (MMA) monomer units were grafted through the surface of nanosized particles modified by MPS. Results from FTIR and TGA analyses demonstrated that polymer chains were anchored on the nanoparticles surface. The thermal and thermo-oxidative degradation of methacrylic polymers and hybrid nanoparticles were also investigated by TGA. The effect of the RAFT polymerization on the thermal degradation of polymers was demonstrated. In addition, their apparent activation energy of degradation (Ea) was determined for the first time
Farger, Pierre. "Synthèse inothermale de réseaux hybrides multiferroïques." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAE029/document.
This thesis presents the syntheses of new hybrid coordination networks based on imidazolium ligands. Three kinds of ligands possessing their own features were synthesized and used with the main objective to obtain multiferroic hybrid networks meaning networks which display a magnetic order and a ferroelectric order. The modification of the ligand allowed to obtain compounds filling criteria (on the symmetry) for a ferroelectric order. The magnetic inorganic network was built due to the synthesis of compounds based on first row metals or lanthanides. All compounds were characterized by several techniques (X-rays diffraction, spectroscopic measurements, thermal and elemental analyses). Magnetic, luminescence and ferroelectric properties were also studied
Medoukali, Djamal. "Synthèse et caractérisation de phosphate - diphosphonates de zirconium microporeux." Montpellier 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON20179.
Bogicevic, Alexandra. "Synthèse colloïdale de structures hybrides or/quantum dots." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPSLS092.
Colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals, also known as quantum dots (QDs), have exceptional optical properties, such as high absorption cross section and quantum yield. Their emission spectra can be tuned by changing their size, their shape or composition. Recently, our group reported the plasmonic coupling of unique QD emitters embedded in silica coated with a gold nanoshell with a Purcell factor of 6. The resulting emitters showed enhanced photostability and reduced blinking rates.In this thesis, we explore synthesis and optical properties of similar objects containing not one but hundreds of QDs in their core (superparticles).We first synthesize CdSe/CdS/ZnS core/multishell QDs and assemble them into aggregates of controlled sizes by emulsion/evaporation. The aggregates are then coated with a silica shell (Stöber process) and with a gold nanoshell using a deposition process.The optical properties of QD aggregates with and without gold shells are addressed. These objects exhibit high quantum efficiency, as well as stable and Poissonian emission at room temperature. In addition, we demonstrate a Förster-type resonance energy transfer (FRET) between neighboring QDs inside the aggregates. We also prove that polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) can be used to regulate both the reduction rate of gold and the morphology of the gold nanoshell.The second objective is to transpose this synthesis onto 2D semiconductor nanocrystals called nanoplatelets (NPLs) which exhibit particular emission polarization properties thanks to their anisotropic shape. To preserve this anisotropy throughout the synthesis process of the gold nanoshells, a supplementary extension step has to be conducted on these NPLs