Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Matériaux hybrides – Propriétés thermiques'
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Thomas, Matthieu. "Propriétés thermiques de matériaux composites : caractérisation expérimentale et approche microstructurale." Nantes, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NANT2075.
Full textCapsal, Jean-Fabien. "Elaboration et analyse des propriétés physiques de nanocomposites hybrides ferroélectriques." Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/835/.
Full textThe piezoelectric activity of a hybrid ferroelectric nanocomposite, i. E. Polyamide 11/ Barium Titanate (BT), has been investigated for different loadings of BT particles. The BT volume fraction (phi) was ranging from 0. 024 to 0. 4 with a particle size of 50 nm, 100 nm, 300 nm and 700 nm. The influence of polarization mode on the piezoelectric behaviour has been studied. The magnitude of the poling field used in this study is in the same order of magnitude of the one used for bulk BT i. E. Significantly lower than for piezoelectric polymers. The optimum piezoelectric coefficient is reached when the amorphous phase of the polymeric matrix is in the liquid state i. E. ; for a polarization temperature higher than the glass transition and for time constant allowing macromolecular mobility. The composite piezoelectric activity decreases for particles size lower than 300 nm due to the loss of the tetragonal phase. The nanotexture of these particles has been investigated by TEM and HRTEM. A core shell structure has been observed. An increase of the longitudinal piezoelectric strain coefficient d33 with the raising of BT volume fraction was shown. Contrary to inorganic piezoelectric ceramics, the dielectric permittivity of hybrid composites remains moderate although the piezoelectric voltage coefficient of composites is bigger than ceramics
Duhamel, Aude. "Matériaux hybrides polyvinyliques thermoréparants." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2019SORUS066.pdf.
Full textOrganic-inorganic hybrid materials offer a wide range of interesting properties, especially due to the iono-covalent nature of the organic-inorganic bonds that leads to polymers with healing properties. In polymers, the inorganic component can play two main roles: network modifier or network former. The hybrid materials presented here are modified polyacrylates permanently cross-linked via metal-ligand bonds. Thanks to the exchangeability of these bonds within the networks, these particular materials show thermally induced healing properties. Furthermore, the inorganic part reinforces the polymers. Moreover, the hybrid organic-inorganic approach allows by tuning the strength of the metal-ligand bonds to have healing properties at different temperatures from room temperature to 150°C. Hereby, we have investigated the healing properties of polyacrylates dynamically cross-linked with different organic ligands able to complex metallic oxides. The adaptability of the networks has been highlighted by creep test and the efficiency of healing properties has been investigated by mechanical tests (tensile tests and DMTA) on both crude and repaired materials. Thereby, each system exhibits a critical temperature for healing properties that differs from the others and this temperature strongly depends on the strength of the metal-ligand bond at the hybrid interface
Rat-Valdambrini, Micha. "Stabilité thermique et propriétés catalytiques des matériaux mésostructurés hybrides." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26212/26212.pdf.
Full textRat-Valdambrini, Micha. "Stabilité thermique et propriétés caralytiques des matériaux mésostructurés hybrides." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/20781.
Full textChausson, Sophie. "Synthèse et utilisation de matériaux hybrides lamellaires pour l'élaboration et la caractérisation de nanocomposites polymères." Caen, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CAEN2047.
Full textThe aim of this work is to elaborate original lamellar hybrid materials and disperse them in a polymer matrix to obtain nanocomposites. They have been prepared using two different matrixes, one apolar (polyethylene) and one polar (polyamide-12). The two lamellar hybrid systems have been dispersed in these matrixes and studied as part of the hybrid nature. The first one, the lamellar oxide KTiNbO5, has been chemically modified with alkylamines having different carbon chain lengths in order to be compatible with the different polymer matrixes. The dispersion of such materials has allowed improving several properties like thermal stability, mechanical resistance and fire resistance. The second family studied is the copper alkylphosphonate one. They have been prepared with different alkyl chain lengths. The aim of this study is to prepare a hybrid material with a transition metal and to disperse it in the polymer matrixes. A deep structural study of the homologue series has revealed two types of compounds: hydrated for the short alkyl chains (number of carbon atoms≤10) and dehydrated for the alkyl chains with n≥10. These two structural types have shown different magnetic behaviours. Finally, the incorporation of these fillers in polyethylene and polyamide-12 has revealed that the chemical nature of the bond which links the organic part to the inorganic one of the hybrid does not allow obtaining an efficient exfoliation mechanism
Challier, Laetitia. "Interfaces charge-matrice et propriétés de nanohybrides élastomères : vers l'élaboration de nanomatériaux multi-échelles et multi-fonctionnels." Nice, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NICE4108.
Full textThis work reports on the properties of organic/inorganic nanohybrids elaborated from an elastomer matrix and minerals fillers such as sepiolite (natural fibrous clay) , silica or Maya blue. The pigment Maya is itself a nanohybrid with sepiolite as matrix incorporating indigo molecules in these cavities. Dispersing the sepiolite filled with organic molecules in different matrix allows elaborate multi-scales and multi-functional hybrid materials. The sepiolite is then both the matrix for the indigo molecules and the filler for the elastomer. For these nanohybrids, we characterized thermal, optical and mechanical properties. The tensile tests highlighted the significant improvement of the mechanical properties of the PHEA filled with sepiolite for relatively low load factors. The accent was set on the importance of the fillers dispersion within the matrix, leading to increase of the interface area and consequently the number of filler/matrix interactions. We thus clearly connected the results of mechanical tests to the improvement of the state of dispersion. The existence of interactions between the fillers and the matrix was undoubtedly established by various techniques of analysis. Molecular scale interactions between sepiolite-HEA were evidenced. Moreover we show that the HEA interacts as well with the surface SiOH as with the MgOH2 sites located inside the channels and tunnels of the sepiolite. It was thus shown that these two types of interactions are directly connected to the dispersion state and consequently to the final properties of the nanohybrids
Deme, Florian. "Réalisation de mélanges farine plastifiée / polyester thermoplastique par extrusion bi-vis pour des applications films." Paris, ENMP, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ENMP0053.
Full textThis PhD thesis is part of the CEREMAT project, who aims to develop new, bio-based cereal materials. The consortium built around this project together four academic partners CEMEF, LPMM, LMI, and three industrial partners ENSCCF ULlCE, BARBER, Biobasic ENVIRONMENT. The scope of the project focuses on flexible films, films that can be used in agriculture (mulch films), tee-shirt bags or in the packaging sector. The work performed in this thesis involved the study of methods of compounding, for different varieties of maize flour, with different levels of plasticizers. The work showed significant differences depending on the flour or starch variety, based on the amylose (linear molecule) and amylopectin (hyperbranched molecule) content. In fact he amylose /amylopectin ration is completely changing the thermal, rheological properties of plasticized flour and consequently their processing skills. The morphologies of blends produced are also highly dependent on varieties, rates of plasticizers and specific mechanical energy applied during mixing. We have seen that by changing these parameters it was possible to adjust the blend's morphologies depending on the application aimed. These blends were made at pilot scale and on an industrial scale (200 kg per hour). Blend with finest morphologies have been used to make films about 10μm thickness on industrial production lines
Gavilan, Elisabeth. "Cristallochimie de composés hybrides à base de poly-carboxylates et d'oxoanions : synthèse, caractérisation structurale par diffraction des rayons X par le monocristal et la poudre et réactivité thermique." Rennes 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007REN1S170.
Full textThe aim of this work was to build porous hybrid materials displaying original topologies in order to obtain zeolite-like properties. The retained strategy was the use of targeted inorganic and organic building units (BU). The selected inorganic BU are made of various metallic polyhedra MOn and two kinds of organic BU have been chosen, poly-carboxylates and oxocarbons. The crystal structures of the hybrid materials have been solved from powder or single-crystal X-ray diffraction data and the thermal behaviours have been studied by thermogravimetry and thermodiffractometry. A discussion is carried out about the role of the metal environment and the ligand coordination modes on the structures dimensionality. Likewise, the influence of the bond strength within the hydrogen-bonding network on both the structure stability and the zeolite-like properties has been evidenced within these architectures
Belva, Frédéric. "Synthèse et caractérisation de matériaux hybrides Polyuréthane/Polydimenthylsiloxane : compréhension de leur comportement au feu." Lille 1, 2005. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2005/50376-2005-144.pdf.
Full textAmici, Marco. "Hybrid Inorganic / Organic polymers based on methacrylate - polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS®) : morphology and structure - properties relationships." Lyon, INSA, 2006. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2006ISAL0004/these.pdf.
Full textNovel hybrid inorganic/organic systems based on methacrylate and polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS ®) have been synthesised and characterised. The synthesis has been performed via either thermally or UV free-radical polymerization. Chemical characterisation has been done with NMR, NIR and SEC. The POSS have been found to be polymerizable with the organic monomers once a good dispersion is ensured. Structure and morphology, characterised by means of SEM, TEM, AFM and WAXS, have been shown to be mainly dependent on the dispersion of the POSS in the organic matrix. Depending on the POSS grade and concentration, one could obtain a wide array of structure-morphologies, from micro-aggregates to a very fine dispersion, probably to the molecular level. In turn, these different morphologies have an influence on the properties of the final systems. Thermal, thermomechanical and mechanical properties have been analysed. The POSS have been shown to change the crosslinking density of the thermosetting networks, while, in thermoplastic systems, the properties of the hybrid systems have been largely influenced by the nature of the organic ligands borne by the POSS
Antar, Zied. "Éco-composites polymères conducteurs (CPC) pour la production d'énergie renouvelable." Lorient, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORIS283.
Full textOwing to the finite supply of fossil fuels and the negative public opinion surrounding nuclear energy, alternative energy resources are the subject of considerable research on a global scale. The aim of this work is to develop a Conductive Polymer Composite for energy harvesting and storage. The first part of this work was dedicated to the development of solar absorber. In fact, CPCs were prepared by melt processing where conductive fillers (graphite and/or carbon nanotubes) were dispersed in an insulate polymer matrix (PLA and PA12). Indeed, thermo-optical properties were measured and the durability of the CPC was checked by controlling the evolution of their mechanical properties during a weathering test. In a second step, CPC with good thermoelectric power were prepared using two routes: melt blending process and solution in-situ polymerization. Various formulations have been tried and some rather interesting results were obtained by recording encouraging values of figure of merit ZT
Cleuziou, Jean-Pierre. "Synthèse et étude des propriétés de nanoparticules magnétiques de type coeur-coquille." Toulouse 3, 2007. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/156/.
Full textMolecular electronics and spintronics are both rapidly emerging fields of nanoelectronics with a strong potential impact for the realization of new functions and devices helpful for information storage as well as quantum information. My thesis aimed at the merging of the two fields by the realization of molecular junctions that involves magnetic nanostructures. We chose two different approaches: (i) electronic transport through carbon nanotubes filled with magnetic material (hybrid carbon nanotubes), and (ii) development of a nano-SQUID with carbon nanotube Josephson junctions, which should be sensitive enough to study individual magnetic molecules that are attached to the carbon nanotube
Sibold, Nathalie. "Elaboration et caractérisation de nanocomposites à base de polyéthylène et de montmorillonite." Caen, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005CAEN2011.
Full textBen, Dahou Dounia. "Nouveaux matériaux nanoporeux et bio-hybrides à base de nanoparticules minérales et/ou celllulosiques : relation structure/propriétés." Thesis, Lorient, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORIS363/document.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the preparation, using freeze drying technique, of aerogels madefrom cellulose and mineral fillers intended for potential use in the field of thermal insulation. Thefirst goal of this thesis was the characterization of different cellulose (cellulose (PBPD)nanocrystals (NCC) and oxidized nanofibrils (NFCs)), the inorganic filler (mainly zeolite) and theresulting aerogels prepared by various combinations. We used for the characterization of thestarting materials and the aerogels analytical techniques such as x-ray diffraction (XRD), BET,SEM and the zeta potential. We also characterized the mechanical properties of the aerogels bycompression tests and their thermal conduction properties in the non-steady state by the hot wiretechnique. It has been found that multi-scale structure of these celluloses promotes the creation ofmeso and nanoporosities to the detriment of macroporosity. This promotes the confinement ofthe air in the bio-aerogel by Knudsen effect and improves their thermal insulation properties. Onthe other hand, the nanoparticles (organic and inorganic) allow the aerogels to have very goodmechanical properties. The third objective was to try other mineral fillers (other than the zeolite)in combination with the different cellulose and explore the morphological, structural, thermaland mechanical of the corresponding aerogels. This study has allowed showing the importance ofmorphological and geometrical characteristics of the mineral fillers in controlling physical andmechanical properties of the bio-hybrid aerogels
Zaarour, Lama. "Fabrication thermoactivée de nanoparticules hybrides : vers l'imagerie photo-thermique à l'échelle nanométrique." Thesis, Troyes, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TROY0008/document.
Full textNowadays, the thermoplasmonic field undergoes a very interesting applications development thanks to the amplification of the light absorbed by the metal nanoparticle, which makes it an ideal nanosource of heat controlled by light. Because of this applications development, one of the challenges is to control and manipulate the thermal energy on a small scale.New optical techniques are dedicated to studying the thermal phenomenon induced by plasmonic nanoparticles. These techniques show different capacities to quantify and characterize the heat generated and the temperature distribution around nanoparticles. But the spatial resolution achieved is still limited by diffraction.In this thesis, we present a new molecular imaging approach, which is based on the nanopolymerization reaction thermally induced to characterize the heat profile in the vicinity of a single photoexcited nanoparticle. This approach is based on a thermo-polymerizable formulation with specific temperature threshold Tth (the temperature required to induce polymerization reaction). We develop formulations with different Tth. After irradiation of the nanoparticle covered by the thermo-polymerizable solution, the polymer shell created is the impression of areas where the photoconversion induced a temperature higher than Tth. We demonstrate the ability of this method to map the thermal field induced around the nanoparticle with a resolution better than 35 nm
Ma, Binghua. "Nanoparticules dans des matrices métalliques pour des applications en automobiles." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2021. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2021SORUS110.pdf.
Full textThis PhD work is dedicated to the synthesis of metal matrix nanocomposites for automotive applications, by dispersing functional nanoparticles in an aluminum matrix by liquid metallurgy to improve mechanical and thermal regulation properties. After a bibliographic study to set the context, we describe the preparation of the initial nanoparticles as building blocks, especially core-shell Bi@SiO2 nanoparticles with low melting point. Then, several dispersion methods are explored to find the best conditions for the particle’s incorporation, which relies on ultrasonication in the molten matrix during induction heating. We then prepare nanocomposites combining Al-based matrices with SiC or HfB2 nanoparticles, to improve mechanical properties. Electron microscopy study reveals segregation of the nanoparticles at grain boundaries. Nanoindentation and microindentation measurements enable the quantification of the hardness at the microscopic scale, showing a heterogeneity of mechanical properties, with higher hardness at the grain boundaries that are concentrated in nanoparticles. We then explore the fabrication of phase change nanocomposites by incorporating in aluminium the above described Bi@SiO2 particles. An electron microscopy study of the Al/nanoparticle interface sheds light on reaction mechanisms during the incorporation. The silica shell partially protects the nanoparticles against coalescence during the ultrasonic treatment in molten aluminum. We then assessed the role of the inclusion size on the melting point of Bi, evidencing a decrease of the melting point with the particle size. By this method, we could then widen the phase transition temperature range to achieve progressive heat absorption with the increase of the battery temperature
Beigbeder, Joana. "Etudes des propriétés physiques de nanocomposites à matrice polysiloxane : application au développement d'un revêtement de contrôle thermique froid et antistatique." Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/702/.
Full textSolar reflectors are new cold (low solar absorptivity, high thermal emissivity) thermal control coatings for satellites slightly sensitive to low earth orbit (LEO) environment. The aim of our work is their adaptation to geostationary (GEO) environment. These reflectors are composed of a reflective layer and a transparent highly electrically resistive polysiloxane coating. To evacuate electrical charges induced by GEO environment, carbon nanotubes (CNT) and metal oxides nanoparticles (zinc oxide, indium tin oxide ITO) were added to the resin and their effect on thermo-optical, electrical and electrostatic discharge (ESD) properties studied. A small proportion of CNT into polymer leads to a better electrical conductivity for the composite but also to an important solar absorptivity. Adding ITO nanoparticles to the polymer permits to increase the thermal emissivity and so to lower the thickness of coatings. ITO composites display good electrostatic discharge with low ITO concentrations. Zinc oxide particles do not permit to improve the electrical properties of composites
Fan, Benhui. "Propriétés diélectriques des composites à matrice PVDF comportant des renforts hybrides nano/micro-échelles (nanotubes de carbone et BaTiO₃)." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLC005/document.
Full textThe dispersibility of carbon nanotube (CNT) in polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) is always a big challenge for the high dielectric property. Barium titanate (BT)-CNT hybrids with the special structure are proved to be effective for improving the dispersion of CNT in the polymer matrix and reduce the percolation threshold of the composite. This thesis aims to achieve high dielectric performance of composites via designing fillers with the favorable structure as well as comprehensively study the interaction between CNT and semi-crystalline polymer matrix.In chapter 1, we provide a general introduction about dielectric material's background knowledge. Meanwhile the development including recent breakthroughs and their applications for the dielectric field are also provided in this chapter.In chapter 2, we prepare two hybrids with different structures. The first hybrids are prepared by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method. It is with the structure of BT as a core and CNTs growing outsides (H-CNT-BT). The second hybrids are prepared by hydrothermal reaction where BT particles coats outside CNT (H-BT-CNT). Meanwhile, we fabricate hybrids reinforced PVDF matrix composites by solution casting plus extrusion-injection way. Additionally, methods for characterization involving morphology, thermal and dielectric properties as well as crystallization are also introduced in this chapter.In chapter 3, the dielectric behaviors of H-CNT-BT/PVDF are studied concretely. A dramatic increment on dielectric permittivity is observed after the thermal treatment. This change may result from the reformation of CNT's conductive network and the behavior of PVDF's re-crystallization. By modeling work and experimental characterization, the shrinkage of the neighboring CNT's distance in PVDF's amorphous layers and the induced β polymorph at the CNT-PVDF interface may cause the significant increment in dielectric permittivity after the thermal treatment.In chapter 4, the CNT's dispersibility in PVDF matrix composites is studied by designing different structures. Firstly, a comparison between calculated and experimental percolation threshold of H-CNT-BT/PVDF is conducted for studying the morphology parameters of H-CNT-BT. Afterwards, two comparisons are conducted: one is between H-CNT-BT/PVDF and CNT/PVDF. The processing factors for the CNT's dispersibility are discussed via measuring the different layer's AC conductivity. The other is among three hybrids reinforced PVDF composites. The hybrids structure's effect the CNT's dispersibility is discussed via comparing the dielectric property of the composites with the same volume fraction of CNT and BT but different structures.In chapter 5, a general conclusion is formed according to the works and the perspective is provided for the improvement of the future work
Mauvernay, Bruno. "Nanocomposites d'oxydes de fer en couches minces : tudes de leur élaboration et de leurs propriétés en vue de leur utilisation comme matériaux sensibles pour la détection thermique." Toulouse 3, 2007. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/740/.
Full textThe aim of this research work was to optimize electrical properties of iron oxide thin films prepared by RF-sputtering of a magnetite target for uncooled thermal detector. Influence of depositions parameters like argon pressure or sputtering target on both chemical and physical properties have been studied. For particular conditions, wustite phase (Fe1-xO) embedded into magnetite (Fe3O4) matrix have been revealed by magnetic coupling effects. Electrical properties of thin films composed by Fe3O4/Fe1-xO being potentially interesting for uncooled thermal detector, the next step of this work has been about preparation of nanocomposites thin films. These thin films obtained by two sputtering operating mode (bias sputtering and sputtering of a composite ceramic target) have been studied. This research work had showed that nanocomposites Fe1-xO/Fe3O4 thin films are good materials, with higher temperature coefficient than pure spinel phase thin films, to be used for thermometer layer of thermal detector
Benhattab, Safia. "Synthèse et caractérisation de matériaux organiques transporteurs de trous à base de carbazole : application aux cellules solaires DSSC solides et pérovskite." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Tours, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOUR4014.
Full textThe aim of this work was to design, synthesize and characterize new carbazole based molecular glasses for the realization of solid state DSSC or perovskite solar cells. These structures would be an alternative to the reference molecule based on spirobifluorene (Spiro-OMeTAD) mainly used in hybrid devices. We have optimized a simple way to synthetize a "synthon" as a precursor to the design of a wide variety of efficient hole transporting materials (HTM). This synthesis pathway has allowed producing a first generation of molecules based on a single carbazole synthon substituted by aryl groups (naphthalene, pyrene, triazatruxene) then a second generation incorporating two carbazole synthons separated by an alkyl spacer. In both cases, the synthesis pathways are simple and the energy conversion efficiencies generated in solid DSSCs are promising (between 2.22 % and 2.47 % with the D102 dye). A preliminary ageing study has consisted in analyzing the degradation during thermolysis or photolysis of a carbazole based thin film. It was shown that Cz-P possesses stability similar to Spiro-OMeTAD in the absence of oxygen. Finally, two carbazole molecular glasses were studied in perovskite cells to achieve conversion efficiencies of 13.08 % and 12.41 % (for Cz-P and Cz-PF respectively) almost identical to the one based on Spiro-OMeTAD (13.45 %), confirming that these carbazole based structures are good candidates for the realization of efficient perovskite cells
Medjelekh, Dalel. "Caractérisation multi-échelle du comportement thermo hybride des enveloppes hygroscopiques." Thesis, Limoges, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIMO0112/document.
Full textIn front of the building energy issues and environmental impact bound, it appears that the hygroscopic envelopes are a promising track in terms of improving of the thermal comfort, indoor air quality, energy consumption and indoor humidity regulation. Today, we lack reference values of the transient hygrothermal behavior of this envelope type. The physics of moisture transfer in hygroscopic materials (capable to fixing moisture) is complex and makes it difficult modeling of coupled heat and mass transfers. Experimental and numerical approaches of hygrothermal behavior in hygroscopic envelops was therefore conducted with a multi-scale visions. Thus, monitoring of four habited houses was the characterization focus at the first scale. The study on the material scale allowed to characterize the properties related to the heat and mass transfer. The hygrothermal coupling has been the subject of a specific study at a wall scale. Finite differences and finite elements implementations have resulted in a detailed analysis of transfers across cell-test with a reduction work of order required to limit the calculation time. Emphasis is placed on the effects of moisture brought in indoor environments in order to validate a digital tool developed in this work. The selected hygroscopic envelopes are composed of biosourced materials such as massive wood, wood concrete, earth and straw. Envelopes of travertine and plasterboard are also studied
Xin, Chenghao. "The applications of plasmonic nanoparticles on flexible hybrid photo-thermoelectric generators." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2022SORUS352.pdf.
Full textIn this PhD thesis, I have mainly investigated three areas: (1) The synthesis of solution-processed plasmonic nanoparticles, which serve as photothermal coatings and enable light-heat conversion. These NP-based coatings were then applied to boost the temperature difference of the thermoelectric device undermentioned. (2) The realization and characterizations of flexible and wearable organic-inorganic hybrid photo-thermoelectric generators (photo-TEGs). These photo-TEGs, combining the above-mentioned photothermal NP coating and the carefully designed hybrid p-n TEGs, demonstrated energy harvest under solar illumination. (3) The investigation of n-type sulfur-doped (S-doped) Ag2Se TE materials, proposing a new room-temperature (RT) solution synthesis, and leading to a series of functional and flexible TE thin films with optimized TE properties. These n-type S-doped Ag2Se TE thin films were further applied demonstrating near-RT energy harvest in different situations. To present the results of this thesis, all together six chapters are formed, among which three chapters (Chapter 3, 4, and 5) are used to describe the results obtained concerning the above-mentioned three aspects together with an introduction (Chapter 1), an experimental (Chapter 2), and conclusion (Chapter 6) chapters. Finally, a general conclusion is given with perspectives on the field of low-cost and wearable thermoelectric technology as well as energy-harvesting smart textiles
Guazzagaloppa, Jérémy. "Matériaux super-isolants thermiques à propriétés thermoélectriques intégrées." Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTS086.
Full textIn the search of new sustainable energies, the issue of energy harvesting is essential. Heat loss is involved in most of the industrial processes, thus thermoelectricity has its full role to play in this search through the Seebeck effect which consists in converting a temperature gradient into an electrical current. A good thermoelectric material requires a high electrical conductivity σ and Seebeck coefficient α and a low thermal conductivity λ. However, despite recent advances in the field, the use of conventional thermoelectric materials on a large scale becomes difficult due to their toxicity, low abundance and high cost. The development of new materials that respect environmental considerations has thus become necessary. Hence, with the emergence of a new family of materials, namely organic thermoelectric materials, based on conductive polymers and gels (aerogels/xerogels), new perspectives are now possible. In the frame of these new advances, the aim of this work is to functionalize thermal super-insulating materials with a very low thermal conductivity by adding thermoelectric properties. This was first done by numerical simulations based on density functional theory (DFT) and classical molecular dynamics (MD), via different modules included in the Materials Studio software. This allowed us to numerically represent and validate the structure of our thermal insulating material, the Resorcinol/Formaldehyde (RF) xerogel. A doping process with 5 % in iron particles was then performed using MD calculations in order to evaluate the dispersion of the charges within the RF network and to represent numerically the doped material for a future study of its thermoelectric properties via a Boltzmann formalism.In a second step, the objective was to identify the optimal synthesis protocol as a function of the different synthesis parameters and the different conductive dopants. The study of the influence of a thermal treatment by pyrolysis then allowed the improvement of the electrical conductivity of the pure material having a very low figure of merit ZT=2.7×〖10〗^(-16), (ZT=α^2 σT/λ is a measure of the efficiency of the thermoelectric conversion). A study of doping was then carried out during the gelling process according to different loading rates in order to reach a percolation threshold. A figure of merit ZT=2.4×〖10〗^(-3) was then obtained with a doping level of 60 % in graphene oxide (GO). However, this type of dopant generates a very high synthesis cost, which explain why we investigated other types of charges, namely electrically conductive fibers. In that case, we obtained a ZT= 8.0×〖10〗^(-4) with a doping level of 10 % in oxidized polyacrylonitrile fibers (PANOX). The assembly of the module and the realization of a test bench have made it possible to characterize the thermoelectric performance of our different materials. A power density of the order of 2 mW.m-2 was then obtained with the PANOX fiber-reinforced RF xerogel with a thickness of 1 cm and an surface area of 50 cm² for a temperature difference of 30°C. Thanks to this materials, we have identified an application as part of the thermal insulation of a hybrid vehicle battery in order to detect a failure associated with a vacuum loss. Finally, a study based on theoretical models has shown the interest of continuing research activities in order to improve the thermoelectric properties. We then considered the assembly of modules composed of 1000 junctions (pp) then (np) with target materials in order to reach higher power density levels of several W.m-2 and output voltages of several V to produce enough energy for the supply of auxiliaries such as sensors for example
Thomas, Benjamin. "Matériaux composites Argent/Carbone à propriétés thermiques adaptatives." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0140.
Full textDue to their high thermal conductivity, metal matrix composite materials reinforced with carbon allotropes exhibit a high potential application for thermal management in electronics. This work deals with the elaboration of new synthesis process to produce Ag/rGO (silver/reduced Graphene Oxide) and Ag/GF (silver/Graphite Flakes) composite materials. This process, based on “molecular level mixing” methods, makes it possible to obtain Ag/rGO composite powders with individualized nano-reinforcements up to a concentration of 1 % in volume. Applied to the synthesis of Ag/GF composite materials, it allows to synthesize dense composite materials with a graphite concentration up to 70 % in volume and with a thermal conductivity up to 675 Wm-1.K-1 (426 Wm-1.K-1 for pure silver). Moreover, it has been shown that Ag/GF powders elaboration process has a strong influence on the structural anisotropy of bulk materials as well as on the extrinsic thermal boundary resistance Ag-graphite. The process developed in this work allows Ag/GF composite materials to reach thermal conductivity up to 19 % higher than the same materials synthesized by conventional mixing powder process. However, like most metal/GF composite materials (with Cu, Al, Mg and Fe matrix), thermal expansion of Ag/GF composite materials shows “anomalies”. Indeed, the anisotropy of their coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) is opposed to their structural anisotropy, their CTE has an abnormally high dependence on temperature and these materials exhibit dimensional instability during thermal cycling. While it is commonly admit in literature that these “anomalies” are the consequence of internal stresses generated during materials densification (because of CTE mismatch between matrix and reinforcement), this phenomenon remains poorly understood and difficult to control. A significant part of this work is devoted to the study of these anomalies and especially to the study of the influence of matrix mechanical properties on composite materials thermal expansion. Thanks to EBSD, XRD, instrumented microhardness and microscopy analysis, key phenomena responsible of thermomechanical behavior of Ag/GF composite materials have been identified. Especially, it has been shown that a large part of the internal stresses is relaxed by plastic deformation of silver matrix and pseudo-plastic deformation of graphite during the post-densification cooling step of the materials. Thus, the control of mechanical properties of metallic matrix (especially of its elastic limit) makes it possible to attenuate the anomalies in CTE and confers a better dimensional stability to Ag / GF composite materials during thermal cycling. Finally, the addition of rGO in silver matrix of Ag/GF composites materials has also reduced material dimensional instability by up to 50 % thanks to the damping properties of rGO
Bosq, Nicolas. "Nanocomposites à matrice polymère : influence de silices nanostructurées sur la cristallisation, la transition vitreuse et les propriétés thermomécaniques." Phd thesis, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00932853.
Full textBenhattab, Safia. "Synthèse et caractérisation de matériaux organiques transporteurs de trous à base de carbazole : application aux cellules solaires DSSC solides et pérovskite." Thesis, Tours, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOUR4014/document.
Full textThe aim of this work was to design, synthesize and characterize new carbazole based molecular glasses for the realization of solid state DSSC or perovskite solar cells. These structures would be an alternative to the reference molecule based on spirobifluorene (Spiro-OMeTAD) mainly used in hybrid devices. We have optimized a simple way to synthetize a "synthon" as a precursor to the design of a wide variety of efficient hole transporting materials (HTM). This synthesis pathway has allowed producing a first generation of molecules based on a single carbazole synthon substituted by aryl groups (naphthalene, pyrene, triazatruxene) then a second generation incorporating two carbazole synthons separated by an alkyl spacer. In both cases, the synthesis pathways are simple and the energy conversion efficiencies generated in solid DSSCs are promising (between 2.22 % and 2.47 % with the D102 dye). A preliminary ageing study has consisted in analyzing the degradation during thermolysis or photolysis of a carbazole based thin film. It was shown that Cz-P possesses stability similar to Spiro-OMeTAD in the absence of oxygen. Finally, two carbazole molecular glasses were studied in perovskite cells to achieve conversion efficiencies of 13.08 % and 12.41 % (for Cz-P and Cz-PF respectively) almost identical to the one based on Spiro-OMeTAD (13.45 %), confirming that these carbazole based structures are good candidates for the realization of efficient perovskite cells
Quach, Alida. "Films mésoporeux hybrides : propriétés optiques et applications potentielles." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066649.
Full textBesson, Eric. "Elaboration de matériaux hybrides organiques-inorganiques à propriétés optiques." Montpellier 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON20104.
Full textMaruzhenko, Oleksii. "Structure, thermal and electrical properties of nanocomposites with hybrid fillers." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEI131.
Full textThe thesis determines the principles of the conductive phase structure formation in polymer composites containing conductive fillers, which will be different types of carbon fillers. The processes of segregated structure formation in which the particles of the filler are localized on the surfaces of polymer grains is studied. It is shown that the value of the percolation threshold φc for the segregated system is one order lower than in the composite with a random distribution of the filler 2.95 vol.% and 24.8 vol.%, respectively. The hybrid filler shows percolation threshold, much lower than the value calculated using the mixing rule. Experimental results of thermal conductivity for systems filled with anthracite, graphene and hybrid filler Gr/A do not reveal percolation behaviour and can be well described by the Lichtenecker model. It is shown that λf for segregated systems is 4.4 times higher than for a composite with a random distribution of filler particles. It is shown that in segregated systems the shielding parameters are significantly increased due to the absorption caused by the internal reflection on the conductive walls of the filler framework. Carbon fillers create the most effective basis that ensures a high absorption rate of EMI at low concentrations. It was found that the greatest shielding effect in the interaction of a composite with electromagnetic radiation was observed for the hybrid filler GNP/CNT (graphite nanoplatelets/carbon nanotubes). The synergistic effect is explained not by their higher electrical conductivity, but by the better interaction of the EMI with the developed hybrid framework of the filler, which causes increased absorption of the EMI. Systems with a segregated structure based on elastomer (ground rubber) with a polymer-adhesive and hybrid electroconductive nano-fillers exhibit a significant piezoresistive effect. The cyclic studies of electric response, depending on the applied external load, showed a linear relationship between composite deformation and current changes through the sample and demonstrate stable long-term stability. The study of the piezoresistive effect in a wide temperature range (-40 ÷ +50°C) showed the stability of the main characteristics and the possibility of exploiting the composite in a wide temperature range
Redares, Christian. "Contribution a l'étude du comportement thermique des batiments en régime transitoire : proposition de differents modèles simplifiés." Perpignan, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PERP0007.
Full textMeukam, Pierre. "Valorisation des briques de terre stabilisées en vue de l'isolation thermique de batiments." Cergy-Pontoise, 2004. http://biblioweb.u-cergy.fr/theses/04CERG0287.pdf.
Full textIn this work, an experimental study was carried out in order to determine the properties of local materials used as construction materials. The thermal properties of lateritic soil based materials were deterrnined. The effect of addition of natural pozzolan or sawdust in lateritic soil brick on the thermal properties is examined. It was shown that the effect of incorporation of natural pozzolan or sawdust is the decreasing of the thermal conductivity and density. The moisture content of these materials can modify their thermal performance. Thus a study of the influence of the water content on the thermal conductivity L and the thermal diffusivity a is presented. The effect of the increasing of cement content is to increase the thermal conductivity and to decrease the thermal diffusivity. The composite materials used for building shielding present sufficient mechanical strength and are suitable for constructions. The analysis is developed for the prediction of the temperature, relative humidity and water content behaviour within the walls. A numerical model HMtrans, developed for prediction of heat and rnoisture transfer in multi-Iayered building cornponents, is used to simulate the temperature, moisture content and humidity profiles within the building envelopes. The results allow the prediction of the duration of the exposed building walls to the local weather conditions. There is therefore minimum possibility of water condensation in the materials studied. The durability of buiIding envelopes made of lateritic soil bricks with incorporation of natural pozzolan or sawdust is not strongly affected by the climate conditions in tropical and equatorial regions
Boulaoued, Athmane. "Elaboration et propriétés de matériaux hybrides polymères-systèmes auto-assemblés." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAE018/document.
Full textThis thesis deals with new hybrid nanomaterials of functional nanocable-like structures, consisting of covalent polymers and self-assembled molecules. The «bottom-up» approach adopted for the elaboration is based only on physical processes such as heterogeneous nucleation, crystallization and thermoreversible gelation. This original approach allowed us to easily prepare two functional nanocables: the first consisted of bicopper tetra-2-ethylhexanoate (CuS8) molecules self-assembled on filaments which are encapsulated within isotactic polystyrene (iPS) fibrils. We proved throughout different studies (DSC, SANS, SQUID, EXAFS and FT-IR) that the encapsulation allows one to get stable filaments, and particularly to modify their antiferromagnetic behavior as well. The second system constituted of poly(alkylthiophene)s fibrilles (P3AT), sheathed by diamides molecules (BHPB-10) self-assembled on nanotubes. Besides the morphological and the structuration studies (TEM and UV-Vis), we investigated the conductivity of the hybrid system P3BT/BHPB-10 by C-AFM. Results showed the possibility to obtain sheathed semi-conducting nano-cables
Ourry, Laurence. "Relation structure-propriétés de matériaux hybrides magnétiques polymère-ferrites spinelles." Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA077193.
Full textI worked on the design of magnetic hybrid materiais consisting of polyrner and spinel metal oxide nanoparticles focusing on (1) the synthesis of nanopowders of magnetic oxides by the polyol process and controlling the magnetic properties (timing of the size of NPs, use of exchange-bias to increase the magnetic thermal stability. . . ), (ii) the control of the dispersion of NPs as a function of their surface state and suitable functionalizations and ( iii) their processing in thermbplastic polymer matrices or preformed biopolymers. These points are discussed through three topics: (a) the synthesis of Fe304@CoO core-shell nanoparticles exhibiting exchange bias, and their further functionalization by polystyrene (PS) and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) brushes", we compared the magnetic properties (dipolar interactions and exchange bias) of these hybrids with those of bare nanoparticles. (b) The ynthesis of cobalt ferrite nanoparticles, CoFe204, and surface functionalization with two ligands. These nanoparticles were then introduced into a polyvinylidene fluoride matrix (PVDF) to design magnetoelectric films. (c) The design of magnetothermosensitives gels and films for drug delivery and tissue engineering. This project is an expioratory study to a project developed by IBM, Almaden Center, USA, where I reallzed a 3 month internship dunng my PhD involvement
Salome, Francis. "Contribution à l'étude de nouvelles méthodes de mesure des paramètres électriques et thermiques des matériaux : influence de l'humidité sur les propriétés électriques et thermiques des matériaux non métalliques." Lille 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986LIL10082.
Full textChamroune, Nabil. "Matériaux composites Aluminium/Carbone : architecture spécifique et propriétés thermiques adaptatives." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0140/document.
Full textMany carbon/metal composites are currently used in several applications. One of them concerns their use as heat sinks in microelectronics. Concerning this application, two conditions are required: a high thermal conductivity (TC) in order to evacuate the heat generated by the electronic chip and a coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) similar to the used material type of the electronic device (2-8×10-6 /K).Therefore, graphite flakes (GF; TC: 1000 W/m.K and CTE: -1×10-6 /K in the graphite plane) reinforced aluminum matrix (Al; TC: 217 W/m.K and CTE: 25×10-6 /K) composites were fabricated. These composite materials were fabricated by Powder Metallurgy (PM) and Flake Powder Metallurgy (FPM). This process, which consist to use a flattened metallic powder, helped to improve the in-plane orientation (perpendicular to the pressure direction) of GF under uniaxial pressure. Moreover, this process provided a better Al-C interface thanks to a planar contact between the matrix and the reinforcements. This resulted in an improvement of the CT from 400 W/m.K to 450 W/m.K for a reinforcement content of 50 vol.%. Nevertheless, regarding thermal dilation, CTEs of 21.8×10-6 /K and 21.7×10-6 /K were obtained by MP and FPM respectively, which is incompatible with the intended application.To overcome this problem, composite materials with multiple reinforcement were developed by solid-liquid phase sintering. Then, carbon fibers (CF) have been added to aluminum and graphite flakes. The addition of CF to GF reinforcement reduced significantly the CTE of the Al/(GF+CF) composites with a small proportion of CF, while preserving a high TC. In addition, the Al/(GF+FC) composite materials have significantly lower CTEs than the Al/CF composites with a equivalent vol.% of CF. Therefore, Al/(GF+CF) composite materials were developed by solid-liquid phase sintering to obtain a TC of 400 W/m.K (comparable to the TC of copper) and a CTE of 8×10-6 /K (comparable to the CTE of alumina). In addition, the lightweight of aluminum gives composite materials Al/C a low density (d = 2.4 g/cm3). Therefore, the composite materials developed in this study are promising as a lightweight heat sink in microelectronic industries
Ravaux, Alice. "Réalisation et étude de dépôts composites multi-échelle élaborés par projection plasma pour applications tribologiques à hautes températures." Thesis, Limoges, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIMO0077/document.
Full textNowadays, tribology has a high energetic impact on economic and industrial areas. Thus, reducing wear and friction of mechanical parts has become a real stakes for various industries. This study is focused on the wear prevention of mechanical parts subjected to severe operating conditions like high temperatures.The realization of protective ceramic-metal coatings is thus particularly appropriated to improve corrosion resistance induced by the high temperatures, with a suitable alloy, and the wear resistance, thanks to the ceramics hardness. Furthermore, researches development in the nanoscale field have shown the interest of scale reduction on the improvement of coatings tribological properties. Thermal spraying is then the most appropriate process for the realization of such coatings.In this work, multi-components (ceramic-metal) and multi-scales (micrometric-nanometric) coatings are developed by plasma spraying in order to give an answer to the high temperature tribological resistance issue. Coatings are realized using a three-cathodes plasma gun (TriplexPro-200) which provides a more stable plasma jet and offers wide possibilities by an extended operating window. First, the special features of this kind of plasma gun will be studied in order to adjust the process to the complex realization of multi-scale coatings. An innovative approach using a hybrid spraying process was thus developed, combining conventional micrometric powder spraying and suspension of nanoscale powders spraying. In a second time, the steps leading to the production of such coatings will be detailed, and finally, their main properties and their tribological behavior will be studied
Pruja, Patrick. "Transferts thermiques à l'échelle du micron dans les matériaux à structure hétérogène : caractérisation des interfaces par microphotoréflexion modulée." Perpignan, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PERP0500.
Full textPerformances of modern materials for thermal and mechanical protection are directly related to their thermal properties on a microscopic scale. These materials often consist of a complex assembly of which it is necessary to be able to characterize and envisage ageing. The interest and the originality of this work lie in the development of two models based on the principle of photothermal microscopy by modulated photoreflexion allowing to analyse and to understand the thermal transfers on a micrometric scale in materials presenting microscopic cracks or interfaces. These heterogeneities are modelled either by a thermal contact resistance (TCR) or by a third thermal body (TTB) with non-null thickness and specific thermal properties. These two models lead to the analytical expression of the temperature field on the surface of a material submitted to a localized thermal stress and showing heterogeneities perpendicular to its surface. A sensitivity study gives the optimal experimental conditions to estimate the thermophysical parameters of the heterogeneities. The experimental results concern copper-steel, chromium-steel interfaces and microscopic cracks in chromium deposits
Mbey, Jean Aimé. "Films composites amidon de manioc-kaolinite : influence de la dispersion de l'argile et des interactions argile-amidon sur les propriétés des films." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0006/document.
Full textIn this study, composites films made from glycerol plasticized cassava starch and a kaolinite clay, as mineral filler, were studied. The origin and mechanisms of clay-starch interactions and their role on films properties are examined. To deal with the unexpandable nature of kaolinite, an analysis of its exfoliation mechanism was done through dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) intercalation followed by DMSO displacement using ethyl acetate and ammonium acetate. The crystalline structure of kaolinite is deeply disordered upon DMSO displacement because of a random reassociation of the clay layers. A better dispersion of the intercalated kaolinite within a polymer matrix is then expected. This expectation was confirmed by the comparison of microscopes and X-ray diffraction analyses on films charged with various dosages of raw or DMSO intercalated kaolinite. The lowering of the glass transition temperature and the elastic modulus together with the increase of barrier effects to thermal decomposition, water vapour diffusion and visible UV transmission, confirmed that the intercalated kaolinite is better dispersed. The starch chain orientation coupled to increase starch/glycerol miscibility due to the transportation of glycerol at the interface by clay particles are the two mechanisms that better explained plasticization effect induced by the filler. The interference of starch-kaolinite interactions on starch chain-chain interactions caused a decrease of starch matrix cristallinity that contribute to increase plasticization. The starch-kaolinite interactions are found to be weak due electrostatic repulsion associated to some weak associative forces due to hydrogen bonds
MALOU, ZAHIR. "Etude de l'optimisation des proprietes mecaniques et thermiques des materiaux poreux de type betons cellulaires." Cergy-Pontoise, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996CERG0013.
Full textNicolau, Vicente de Paulo. "Identification des propriétés radiatives des matériaux semi-transparents diffusants." Lyon, INSA, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ISAL0001.
Full textRadiative properties of semi-transparent scattering materials like fiberglass and silica fibers are identified, including optical thickness, albedo and a three parameter phase function model. Extinction, absorption and scattering coefficients are calculated based on optical thickness and albedo values. The phase function model is a composition of two Henyey-Greenstein and an isotropic function. The study focuses on a plane slab submitted to a normal incident collimated radiation beam. The numerical solution of the radiative transfer equation gives the values of the spectral transmittances and reflectances at the front and rear faces of the slab. An experimental set-up has also been realized to measure the spectral transmittances and reflectance under the same condition. The optical thickness is directly determined from the experimental transmittances, while the other four parameters are identified by the minimization of the sum of square errors between experimental and theoretical transmittances and reflectance. The Gauss method of linearisation associated with a fine analysis of the sensitivity coefficients has been used to determine the parameters. Two optical bench have been used: firstly a prism based monochromator and secondly a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. The radiative parameters values are presented in the 1. 5 to 15μm wavelength range. Results show that the studied materials present a high scattering with a dominant forward anisotropy
Rache, Salles Benjamin. "Propriétés magnétiques, électriques et structurales et transport polarisé en spin dans des structures hybrides MnAs-GaAs." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066328.
Full textBerthou, Yannick. "Étude de parois de bâtiments passifs associant un Matériau à Changement de Phase (MCP) et une super isolation transparents." Paris, ENMP, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ENMP0109.
Full textTo reduce the environmental impact of buildings, it is a priority to develop new strategies concerning the insulation and the exploitation of the renewable energies. Xithin this context appeared the odea to design, to implement an to study a new generation of semi-transparent solar wall associating a super-insulating layer (silica aerogel) and a layer of a material ermitting the absorption, the storage and the restituion of heat (Phase Change Material). This wall was experimentally characterized in controlled atmosphere and in situ on a full-size building. Its qualities in terms of heat insulation and contribution to the energy balance and daylight were revealed. A limit of use pCM-aerogel wall was noticed in summer and on a part of the inter seasons. The PCM aerogel wallwas developed and validated. This model, coupled withTRNSYS, a software for the dynamic simulation of thermal systems, allowed to study the behavior of the wall for four cliamtesand two types of building (a residential building : an "Incas" house of the ines at Chambéry, and a building in free evolution : the experimental test cell of the CEP at Sophia Antipolis. These studies confirmed the interest of he MCP-aerogel wall for the improvement of the energy performances of the building
Bounour-Bouzamouche, Wafa. "Matériaux hybrides nanotubes de carbone/ferromagnétiques : élaboration et propriétés magnétiques statiques." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCD095/document.
Full textHybrid materials as carbon nanotubes filled with ferromagnetic materials (FMCNT) have great potential for spintronic applications. Their magnetic properties strongly depend on their density,orientation and filling efficiency. Two preparation methods of (FMNTC) were used: i) ex-situ synthesis where mechanical opening of the nanotubes produced by electrical arc is first achieved and in-situ during the synthesis by electrical arc discharge, ii) synthesis by chemical vapor deposition enhanced by plasma (PECVD) in the presence of cobalt Co and Co / Pd catalysts. Our results showed that the arc in-situ approach is more effective especially with the addition of a filling promoter such as yttrium (Y) and sulfur (S). Different proportions of catalyst were varied and their influence on the yield of hybrid nanotubes studied. The quality and quantity of obtained nanotubes as well as their yields and magnetic properties were improved. The PECVD synthesis revealed that the addition of a thin layer of palladium (~6 nm) as a co catalyst with the cobalt leads to a significant improvement inthe density of the filler and the alignment of the nanotubes. Magnetic measurements thereby demonstrated the contribution of a shape anisotropy that can be associated with a better geometric orientation of the nanotubes to the substrate
Faye, Mactar. "Structure interne et propriétés thermiques macroscopiques, application aux matériaux de construction." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30032/document.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to study the impact of the internal structure of isotropic granular materials on the macroscopic thermal properties. We have developed a model to solve the heat transfer problem within a heterogeneous three-dimensional material. This code is coupled with an algorithm generating random structure. After an experimental validation, we first generated granular materials and we characterized their internal structure; then we studied the impact of this structure on the thermal conductivity. We also developed a new experimental method for measuring the heat capacity area of a wall element with complex internal structure. The originality of this method is the coupling of an analytical model of heat capacity area, which is independent of the thermal properties of the constituents, and an experimental study
Fayette, Sylvain. "Conduction thermique dans les matériaux hétérogènes, influence des joints de grains." Limoges, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LIMOA001.
Full textGuillerm, Vincent. "Synthèse, fonctionnalisation et propriétés d'adsorption de nouveaux solides hybrides poreux." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011VERS0001.
Full textPorous hybrid solids are intensively studied, and are of a growing interest, due to their polyfunctionality, for several field for their potential applications in catalysis, adsorption/storage/separation, optical properties, drug release, etc. The bibliographic part of this thesis summarizes the main concepts related to Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs), with a particular interest in tetravalent metal chemistry (zirconium, titanium) and polycarboxylate based MOFs, as well as their functionalization and their sorption properties. The second part deals with the study of a series of functionalized « flexible » MOFs (belonging to the MIL-53(Cr) structure type), using organic groups exhibiting different polarities. This study goes from the synthesis to the gas sorption properties (CO2, CH4). The next chapter is looking toward MOFs synthesis using zirconium and titanium, which were up to now scarcely used in the field of MOFs. In the same way than previously, a large series of functionalized UiO-66 solids were studied, as well as few extended analogues, as well as an unprecedented isoreticular series of zirconium carboxylates, labeled MIL-140. A particular interest is here given to the comparison of these two series, both in term of hydrothermal and mechanical stabilities, which are of outmost importance for most of the industrial applications, but also in term of gas sorption properties (N2, CO2, CH4, H2S). Finally, several large scale syntheses of known or new MOFs have been performed, so that these compounds could be provided to few collaborators. Their published results have been inserted in this chapter
Henry, Briot Emmanuelle. "Nouveaux matériaux et nouvelles orientations pour application aux ondes de surface." Besançon, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BESA2086.
Full textHamdami, Nasser. "Congélation de produits poreux : application à des produits alimentaires." Nantes, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NANT2071.
Full textBlivi, Adoté Sitou. "Effet de taille dans les polymères nano-renforcés : caractérisation multi-échelles et modélisation." Thesis, Compiègne, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018COMP2431/document.
Full textThe work presented in this paper aims to highlight and to understand the size effect of nano-reinforcements on nanocomposite properties With an experimental approach. Nanocomposites of PMMA and silica particles With different sizes (15nm, 25nm, 60nm, 150nm and 500nm) and volume fractions (20/0, 4 0/0 and 60/0) were manufactured. Multiscale analysis (MET and DRX-WAXS) have shown that the characteristic parameters of the microstructure of nanocomposites vary With the size of the nanoparticles. Indeed, the decrease in the size of nanoparticles at a given volume fraction implies a decrease of the intermolecular distance. This decrease has induced a densification of the matrix and a decrease of the matrix chain mobility. Mechanical tests (tensile, DMA) have shown that the young (E) and the conservation (E') moduli of the nanocomposites increase With the decrease in the size of the nanoparticles With a constant volume fraction. And the increase of E l is kept when temperature growing. An increase in glass transition (Tg) and degradation temperature (Td) was also observed With the DSC, DMA and ATG tests. Experimental elastic properties of the nanocomposites were used to assess the relevance of size effect micromechanical models, particularly the Hashin-Shtrikman bounds With interface effects proposed by Brisard. The modeling has shown that to reproduce the experimental elastic moduli of nanocomposites, the elastic coefficients of the interface must be dependents on particle sizes. And the state of dispersion of particles must be taken into account