Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Matériaux hybrides composites métal'
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Cardinal, Sandrine. "Etude comparative du comportement a l'infiltration par un métal sous pression de préformes de plaquettes d'Al2O3 et de préformes hybrides fibres/plaquettes d'Al2O3 : influence de l'hybridation sur les propriétés mécaniques du composite Al/Al2O3." Lyon, INSA, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ISAL0050.
Full textThe aim of this study was to salve the problem of the failure of alumina platelets preform under high-pressure mf1ltrat1on of hqu1d metal. We treated this problem using the mechanics of porous media. It was demonstrated that the failure of the preform during infiltration is due to its brittle mechanical behavior. To prevent catastrophic failure, we mixed fibers to platelets. The mechanical characterization of such a "hybrid" preform showed that the presence of fibers increases its fracture energy. The mechanism controlling crack propagation in this material has been analyzed both experimentally and theoret1cally. The model developed to characterize the behavior of ceramic matrix composites agrees well with the experimental data. Finally, it was shown that, with such hybrid preform, neither cracking nor deformation occur During infiltration by squeeze-casting. It should be noted that the mixture of fibers and platelets decreases the final mechanical properties of the composite material. This can be explained by the large difference between the size of these two types of reinforcing particles. However, the stiffness of hybrid composite remains higher than that of a fiber reinforced composite
Ngoufo, donkeng Noëlle Edwige. "Vieillissement de matériaux hybrides composites biosourcés/métal sous sollicitations thermiques et hydriques. Application au développement de mobiliers urbains ultra légers et durables." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UBFCK019.
Full textIn the perspectives of the future city, the progressive use of autonomous vehicles seems to become unavoidable. The preparation of an adequate framework for the deployment of this future mobility represents an important issue. This requires revisiting the urban infrastructures of cities from the choice of material to the design, and to propose solutions based on mobile street furniture. Faced with this challenge, hybrid materials such fibre metal laminates (FML) present interesting characteristics. FML made of plant fibre composites are of particular interest to minimize their environmental impact. Thus, the objective of this thesis is to design and manufacture plant-fibre metal laminates and assess their mechanical performance and durability in view of their use for street furniture.Two families of hybrid materials are studied, namely steel/flax-epoxy and steel/flax-polypropylene. For the steel/flax-epoxy hybrid material, the influence of some aspects such as the composite/metal assembly method, the lamination of the composite layers, and the structuring of the hybrid was evaluated on the mechanical performances using three-point bending and impact tests. The structuring of the hybrid is the most influential parameter on the measured properties. The results also show that the developed hybrid solutions have superior properties when compared to most of the mono-material solutions generally used for street furniture.Hybrid steel/flax-polypropylene and flax/polypropylene composites were subjected to accelerated hydrothermal and thermal ageing. Hydrothermal ageing leads to a drop in the flexural and impact properties of the composite, as well as a degradation of the latter. For the hybrid, a real drop was only observed in the flexural properties. The composite of the hybrid also degrades, but the phenomenon is attenuated by the presence of the metallic layers. Thermal ageing leads to yellowing and embrittlement of the composite by thermo-oxidation. This results in a significant drop in the bending properties and impact of the composite over the long term. At the hybrid level, the interface is severely affected by aging; the metal is delaminated after less than two days of aging
Mansour, Agapy. "Étude des propriétés chimique et morphologique de composites hybrides de type (co)polymère plasma / métal." Thesis, Le Mans, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LEMA1002.
Full textNanocomposites consisting of finely dispersed metal nanoparticles into insulating matrix are the focus of much attention because of their optical, electrical or antibacterial properties, allowing a variety of technological applications. In this work, we are interested in hybrid composites based on a polymer matrix synthesized by cold plasma polymerization (PECVD), subsequently impregnated with a solution of metal salt which is finally reduced. These nanocomposites are mainly studied for their applications and less focused on their chemical and morphological structure. In this work, our goal is to study the dependence of chemical and morphological properties of such composite materials on the chemical structure of the plasma polymer, the nature of the metal nanoparticles and the chemical functions of the polymer involved with the polymer / metal interactions. The matrix will be both a plasma polymer and a mixture of two plasma polymers. The objective is then to better understand the nanocomposites formation, and to show their interest in different applications particularly in the detection of ammonia gas
Hussain, Muzzamal. "Couplage procédé / propriétés mécaniques des matériaux sandwiches Métal / Composite hybride à base de tissus en jute." Thesis, Lille, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LILUI006.
Full textIn current study the mechanical properties of 3D woven jute reinforced and hybrid 3D woven jute reinforced FMLs were investigated. The four-layered 3D woven reinforcement was made with jute yarn using four types of interlocking patterns e.g. Orthogonal Through Thickness OTT and Orthogonal Layer to Layer OLL interlocking. The vacuum infusion technique was used for the fabrication of FMLs made with 3D woven jute reinforcement. After the optimization of 3D woven reinforcement the hybrid reinforced FMLs were developed in which OTT 3D woven fabric was sandwiched between 2D woven skin. Four different kinds of fibres were used to make 2D woven skin e.g. jute, aramid, carbon, and glass while three different kinds of matrix were employed, e.g. epoxy, PVB and PP. The compression hot press was used to develop hybrid reinforced FMLs. Aluminium used to make all FMLs was anodized before using for fabrication. The adhesive properties were investigated to check the quality of surface treatment, metal-composites bonding and effect of fibres and matrix. Both monotonic and dynamic properties were also investigated. The adhesive properties were characterized using t-peel and floating roller peel tests. The monotonic properties were analyzed using tensile and flexural tests. The low velocity impact performance was determined using drop weight low velocity impact test. The results showed that the anodized aluminium surface had high surface free energy so the better wetting of aluminium can be achieved by anodizing as compared to other type of surface preparations. The adhesive bonding analysis results showed that the delamination properties were mainly influenced by the nature of adhesive material rather than the type of structures of reinforcement. The nature of the matrix also influences the type of failure as with the epoxy the dominant failure was cohesive while with thermoplastic matrix it changed to adhesive and intra-laminar failure. The plasticity and ductility of matrix influenced the final properties more than the type of failure, in spite of cohesive failure of epoxy the thermoplastic matrix had more delamination force. The tensile and flexural properties of OTT 3D woven jute reinforced FMLs were higher than the OLL 3D woven reinforced FMLs due to the higher metal volume fraction, this was possible due to tighter construction of OTT fabric. The tensile and flexural properties of hybrid reinforced composites and FMLs were influenced by the type of matrix and material of 2D skin. The overall higher properties were achieved with an epoxy matrix followed by PVB matrix. The PVB-based FMLs showed that their properties were comparable with the epoxy. The flexural test showed that hybrid FMLs based on PP were failed prematurely due to delamination between synthetic skin and 3D woven core. Both epoxy and PVB showed better impregnation of the reinforcement unlike PP in which only mechanical interlocking was seen. The dynamic impact properties of hybrid composites and FMLs showed that the energy dissipation characteristics were influenced by matrix and hybridization of reinforcement
Legorreta, Garcia Felipe. "Nanocomposites nanotubes de carbone-métal-oxyde : synthèse par CCVD et frittage par SPS." Toulouse 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOU30117.
Full textThe first objective was to study the preparation of CNT-metal-ZrO2 nanocomposite powders by the carbon nanotubes (CNT) in situ synthesis method. The conditions for the combustion synthesis of solid solutions between zirconia and one or several oxides of iron, cobalt, molybdenum or yttrium have been established. All solid solutions were obtained in stabilised form, either tetragonal or cubic, but yttrium incorporation was necessary to ensure a suitable thermal stability. Their selective reduction in either H2, or H2-CH4 or H2-C2H4 was studied in order to form metal-ZrO2 powders or CNT-metal-ZrO2 powders, respectively. The second objective was to study the consolidation and densification by spark-plasma-sintering of the ZrO2-matrix nanocomposite powders and of double-walled CNT-Co/Mo-MgO model powders. The mechanical properties and the electrical conductibility were measured
Agopian, Jean-Charles. "Développement, caractérisation et optimisation de matériaux composites hybrides." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Clermont Auvergne (2021-...), 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UCFAC107.
Full textClimate change will require a more sober industry, in which “green” materials may play a key role. This also applies to composite materials, and every possibility to reduce their carbon footprint might be considered, while maintaining acceptable performance and durability levels.Partial replacement of carbon fibres by flax fibres is for instance a way to reduce the environmental impact of these composite materials. Surface energies of the fibres being quite different, the properties of the composite materials resulting of such a hybridisation might not be optimised. Moreover, flax fibres are hydrophilic, which rises two problems: they are poorly compatible with hydrophobic polymers, and can lead to a decrease of the durability of the composite, more susceptible to absorb water.In this study, a treatment by direct fluorination by molecular fluorine F2 has been implemented, aiming at level the surface energies of the fibres and increase their affinity with the matrix polymer. This work is mainly dedicated to the fluorination of carbon fibres, while another simultaneous doctoral project focused on flax fibre fluorination.First, a state of the art on the fluorination of carbon fibres has been realised, and published as a literature review, where the versatility of the carbon-fluorine bond and the experimental conditions leading influencing it were carefully described.It has then been shown by a wide variety of physicochemical analyses that room-temperature fluorination of carbon fibres was a way to fluorinate their sizing, and thus to tailor their surface energy. The same treatment was carried on a wide temperature scale, successively highlighting a sizing fluorination and hyperfluorination, and then a fluorination of the carbon fibre, leading to a huge increase of its hydrophobicity, and a decrease of its polar component.These fluorinated carbon and flax fibres were then integrated in an epoxy matrix by infusion process, with several stacking sequences. Mechanical tests do not show an improvement of the fibre-matrix compatibility thanks to fluorination, which might be explained by the high-quality interface allowed by sizing for the non-fluorinated fibres. Wet ageing tests are however promising, as composites made with fluorinated fibres absorb less water than composites made with non-fluorinated fibres
Barret-Vivin, Virgile. "Revêtements hybrides pour la protection de matériaux composites." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066756.
Full textThe main purpose of this thesis was to provide an alternative to replace a fluorinated polymer film used in the aerospace industry (commercialized by Dupont de Nemours): the Tedlar®. To that end, several inorganic network based films have been studied. They have been synthesized by sol-gel chemistry. We furthermore investigated the behavior of a silica based matrix containing a perfluorinated organosilane. By adding in the mixture some nano and micro-particles, the spray-obtained films exhibit exceptional dewetting properties. In addition to their super hydrophobic behavior, those films are also lipophobic. To achieve all the specifications this project needs, a second matrix, involving an interpenetrated organic / inorganic framework, has been studied. These new films, which are UV-light initiated, showed very good properties: we characterized the mechanical ones by nano-indentation while the swelling of these coatings and their barrier properties have been examined by ellipsometry. The inorganic densification has been monitored by solid state 29Si NMR MAS and the organic polymerization by FTIR, 1H and 19F liquid RMN and 13C solid NMR. The creation of an hybrid network with fluorine at the surface and in the width of the films has permit to obtain coatings with all the requirements of our specification need
Mahmoud, Bassam. "Modélisation d'impacts sur des stratifiés composites unidirectionnels et hybrides." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30212.
Full textToday, composite materials are largely used in the manufacturing of aeronautical structures, in order to lighten their weight. Impact on composite structures is one of the most detrimental loading. The present study aims to develop a predictive modelling of impacts on thin unidirectional laminates in order to, firstly, better understand the damage mechanisms involved, and, secondly, be able to provide guidance for a strength improvement of these structures. First, an explicit finite element modelling of unidirectional laminates is developed based on the work of F Pascal dealing with impact modeling on helicopter blades. Thus, a new element that can represent the impact response of unidirectional plies is formulated. The behavior of the bundle of fibers is modeled with rod elements stabilized with specific 2D elements. The degradation is managed using damage based on experimental observations. The parameters of the proposed modelling strategy are identified on the basis of experimental tests carried out on T700/M21 and HTA7/913 composites. The results provided by the modeling are then validated by a comparison with experimental low velocity impact results. Finally, in order to improve the laminate strength, low velocity and medium velocity impacts on hybrid unidirectional/woven composite laminates are studied experimentally and with the developed modelling strategy
Jouve, Christophe. "Etude de matériaux composites dans des structures : métal-composite-métal, métal-composite-semiconducteur : application aux capteurs en phase gazeuse." Lyon 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO10232.
Full textScida, Daniel. "Étude et modélisation du comportement mécanique de matériaux composites à renforts tisses hybrides et non hybrides." Compiègne, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998COMP1168.
Full textKhalil, Chady. "Développement du procédé de soudage par impulsion magnétique pour soudage hétérogène bimétallique et pour assemblage hybride métal / composite." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ECDN0031.
Full textReducing CO2 emissions and improving performance are still the main goals of the automotive industry. To achieve these objectives, automotive suppliers are still seeking to lighten the structures through the use of heterogeneous materials that have evolved in recent decades. We find today in one vehicle mild steels, very high strength steels, light alloys such as aluminum and magnesium alloys as well as fiber reinforces polymeric composites. The presence of dissimilar materials arises several challenges regarding both the heteregeneous metal assemblies and hybrid metal / composites assemblies. The differences in the mechanical, thermal and chemical properties of the various materials limit the use of traditional assembly techniques, i.e. mechanical assembly, fusion welding and adhesive bonding, and thus the development of new assembly solutions is required. In this context, this study aims to meet the challenges of heterogeneous metal welding and aims to develop two new original hybrid metal / composite assembly solutions using the magnetic pulse welding process
Papavero, Amory. "Élaboration et caractérisation de composites hybrides thermoélectriques." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON20240.
Full textLoste, Julien. "Elaboration de matériaux composites transparents à base de nanoparticules hybrides cœur@écorce." Thesis, Pau, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PAUU3054/document.
Full textThe incorporation of inorganic particles into a polymer matrix confers new properties to the material or enhances significantly existing properties. However, the perceived visual appearance, such as loss of transparency, might be modified by the scattering of light by the particles. This light scattering is mainly due to the particle –or aggregates of particles- dimensions and the refractive index difference between matrix and fillers. In order to address both issues, the objective of the present work was to control simultaneously the dispersion state of the inorganic nanoparticles into the polymeric matrix and the refractive index of the nanoparticles to match the one of the matrix. To achieve this new composite, we designed hybrid core@shell nanoparticles with an inorganic core that brings new properties and a polymer shell of controlled thickness, obtained by surface-initiated nitroxide mediated controlled radical polymerization. The polymer shell limits the aggregation of the particles and enables us to tune the average refractive index of the hybrid core@shell particle. By controlling the thickness and the chemical nature of the polymeric shell, we targeted to match the refractive index of the hybrid core@shell particle to the one of the polymeric matrix. The nanoparticles were further dispersed into a poly(methyl methacrylate) matrix. Optical properties of composites were characterized by spectrogoniophotometry which gave us informations about the intensity and the angular distribution of the transmitted light by the nanocomposites. The transparency of the nanocomposites was strongly enhanced for core@shell particles fulfilling the refractive index matching conditions
Thomas, Matthieu. "Propriétés thermiques de matériaux composites : caractérisation expérimentale et approche microstructurale." Nantes, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NANT2075.
Full textChinellato, Anne Cristine. "Etude d'un procédé d'élaboration et caractérisation de nanocomposites à base de polypropylène et de montmorillonite." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2005. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL/2005_CHINELLATO_A_C.pdf.
Full textThis work dealt with polypropylene/organically modified montmorillonite (PP/o-MMT) nanocomposites. The main objective was to study the efficiency of using an acrylic acid modified PP (PP-g-AA) as a compatibilizer to promote the intercalation and/or exfoliation of the o-MMT in the PP, on the one hand; and the structures and properties of the resulting composites, on the other hand. Two kinds of PP-g-AA having the same acrylic acid content (6 wt. %) and differing in molar mass were used. The o-MMT content was 0, 1, or 5 wt. % and the PP-g-AA/o-MMT mass ratio was 0:1, 1:1, 2:1 or 5:1. X-ray diffraction and transmission electronic microscopy showed that without PP-g-AA, the structure of the PP/o-MMT was like that of a conventional micro-composite. With PP-g-AA, the o-MMT was intercalated. Compared to the neat PP, the PP/o-MMT showed an increase in thermal stability of up to 40°C and 30% in elastic modulus. However this increase was concomitant to a decrease in impact strength as the compatibilizer/montmorilonite mass ratio increased. Incorporation of the o-MMT in the PP always led to a decrease in CO2 permeability and the degree of decrease was more significant for compatibilized PP/o-MMT composites (better intercalation/exfoliation) reaching up to 50% with respect to the virgin PP. Based on the above results, it was concluded that the PP-g-AA was efficient to promote the intercalation/exfoliation of the o-MMT in the PP. However, there seemed no significant differences between the two PP-g-AA compatibilizers. Overall, for both PP-g-AA, better properties were obtained for higher PP-g-AA/o-MMT mass ratio
Zinovyeva, Veronika. "Matériaux composés (polymères électroactif - nanoparticules de métal) et liquides ioniques." Thesis, Dijon, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010DIJOS056.
Full textThe actual PhD thesis is devoted to syntheses of composite materials combining conducting polymers with transition metals, their characterization with the use of a large set of modern physical, chemical and electrochemical methods and initial studies of their catalytic applications. These processes were realized both in conventional (aqueous and organic) media and in room-temperature ionic liquids. As an approach for the chemical synthesis, a simple one-pot non-template method, consisting in the chemical reduction of various inorganic salts by pyrrole monomer in a set of solvents, was applied. Polymerization of pyrrole with the use of Fe(III), Cu(II) and Pd(II) salts as oxidants was carried out in a wide range of reaction conditions. The kinetics of the polymerization process was studied by UV-visible spectroscopy and DLS. The obtained materials were characterized by means of cyclic voltammetry, elemental CHNS analysis, ICP-AES, AFM, SEM, EDX, TEM, XRD, XPS, XAS, IR techniques. Catalytic and electrocatalytic properties of the synthesized Pd/polypyrrole nanocomposites were analyzed for the direct catalytic arylation of heteroaromatics and electrooxidation of ascorbic acid. Alternative ways to conducting polymer preparation in the form of films and powders inside ionic liquids, in comparison to those in conventional media, were described. The influence of the synthesis conditions and of the solvent nature on electrochemical properties and morphology of conducting polymers was discussed. The electrooxidation of ferrocene in ionic liquids was investigated in details, and a model for the diffusional transport in these viscous media was proposed
Bruneau, Marion. "Elaboration de matériaux composites hybrides pour l'encapsulation de molécules d'intérêt relargables sous différents stimuli." Thesis, Mulhouse, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020MULH3696.
Full textThis work is devoted to the development of materials allowing the controlled release of molecules of interest. In the first part of this project, syntheses of organic-inorganic hybrids having a talc type structure were carried out with different silica sources, which induces variable crystallinity and polycondensation of silicic species. These hybrids were then characterized. The folic acid (molecule of interest) once added to the synthesis medium was encapsulated into the hybrid. The incorporation of folic acid does not induce significant changes in the structure of the hybrids formed. The different characterization techniques have shown that the folic acid is not very mobile in the structure and is therefore well encapsulated in the interlayer space of the hybrids. The hybrids showed a fast releasing kinetics, both in water or in a model soil. Hybrids prepared from N2TMS (N- [3-(trimethoxysilyl))propyl]ethylenediamine) showed the fastest release, while those synthesized with C16TMS (Hexadecyltrimethoxysilane) exhibited the slowest releasing kinetics due to the highly hydrophobic nature of the organic chain of the hybrid. The second part of the thesis was focused on finding and testing materials potentially active in the photo-controlled release of active molecules. The hybrid materials synthesized from NBATES (3-(triethoxysilylpropyl)-4- nitrobenzamide) have shown promising results: under UV irradiation at 254 nm, the quantity released of a model molecule was indeed two times higher than that measured in the absence of light. For the hybrids synthesized from MCTES (O-4-methylcoumarinyl-N-[3- (triethoxysilyl)propyl]carbamate), the best results was obtained under UV irradiation at 365 nm. The photosensitive functional groups present in the talc type hybrids made possible to obtain photosensitive composites. These promising results are the base for further developments in agricultural applications
Vidotti, Suel Eric. "Etude d'un procédé d'élaboration et caractérisation de nanocomposites à base de poly(éthylène térephtalate) et de montmorillonite." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2005. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL/2005_VIDOTTI_S_E.pdf.
Full textThis work dealt with poly(ethylene terephthalate)/organically modified montmorillonite (PET/o-MMT) nanocomposites. The main objective was to study the efficiency of using a polyester ionomer as a compatibilizer to promote the intercalation and/or exfoliation of the o-MMT in the PET, on the one hand; and the structures and properties of the resulting composites, on the other hand. The o-MMT content was 0, 1, 3 or 5 wt. % and the compatibilizer/o-MMT mass ratio was 0:1, 1:1 or 3:1. The o-MMT was further intercalated and/or exfoliated in the presence of the compatibilizer, as revealed by WAXS and TEM. The PET/o-MMT composites exhibited a solid-like behavior (G' and G'' versus w at low frequencies) indicating a percolated structure. Compared to the pristine PET, they showed similar thermal stability, higher elastic modulus, and higher complex viscosity presenting yield strength in the molten state. They also showed much lower CO2 permeability, although the solubility of the latter remained almost unchanged. The presence of the compatibilizer further decreased the CO2 permeability, by 50% in the best cases. Water vapor permeability was also decreased. The highest decrease was about 30% and was obtained with an intermediate compatibilizer/o-MMT mass ratio of 1:1. A further increase in that ratio resulted in an increase in water vapor permeability, due probably to the fact that water was soluble in the compatibilizer
Liu, Weiqing. "Solutions de cellulose et matériaux hybrides/composites à base de liquides ioniques et solvants alcalins." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00819908.
Full textAmmar, Mehdi. "Étude du magnétisme de composites métal-oxyde et métal-diélectrique nanostructurés pour composants passifs intégrés." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00371362.
Full textPermyakova, Anastasia. "Matériaux à base de solides hybrides poreux de type MOFs pour le stockage intersaisonnier d’énergie solaire." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLV031/document.
Full textNowadays the forceful development of the energy storage technologies requires the design of novel adsorbents. Energy reallocation concept allows storing renewable solar energies at short (hours) and long term (inter seasonal) using adsorption method. Energy storage materials can be divided in chemical storage materials, physical storage materials and composite materials (inorganic salt in porous matrix).Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) are a new class of porous crystalline materials that are built from an inorganic subunits and organic ligands defining an ordered structure with regular accessible porosity. In comparison with other classes of porous solids, MOFs display a higher degree of versatility (chemical composition, topology) and tunable amphiphilic character, pore volume, pore size, shape, etc.In this work, we have studied a series of water stable porous metal carboxylates made from cheap metal cations (Fe3+, Al3+, Cr3+, Ti4+, Zr4+) and polycarboxylate linkers as pure physical adsorbents and as host matrices of salts for the design of composite adsorbents. The study of the adsorption properties of pure MOFs in conditions of thermal energy storage system has shown high water adsorption capacity and high energy storage densities.The most promising MOF from this series namely MIL-160(Al) has been prepared at large scale, processed as pellets and then evaluated in open-reactor prototype.The second chapter has been focused on the first exploitation of a series of Metal Organic Framework (MOFs) as host matrices of salts for the preparation of composite sorbents for heat storage application.Indeed, inter seasonal energy storage requires materials with higher energy densities (composite and chemical storage materials), than physical sorption materials can offer. We have selected a series of MOFs differing by their amphiphilic balance and pore volume in order to investigate the impact of such physico-chemical properties on the water sorption properties of composites. The energy storage capacity of salt-MOFs composites has been evaluated in representative conditions of thermal storage devices. The high energy storage capacity and good stability under numerous adsorption-desorption cycles for two composites based on mesoporous MIL-100(Fe) and MIL-101(Cr) confirm the potentiality of such composites for this application
Akinnifesi, Josiah. "Synthèse par décharge luminescente radio-fréquence de matériaux composites métal-polymère. Etude des propriétés de transport électrique et diélectrique." Toulouse 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU30149.
Full textFlahaut, Emmanuel. "Synthèse par voie catalytique et caractérisation de composites nanotubes de carbone - métal - oxyde. Poudres et matériaux denses." Toulouse 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999TOU30196.
Full textGaudon, Alexandre. "Matériaux composites nanostructurés par séparation de phases dans le système silice - zircone." Limoges, 2005. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/04090e61-c42c-4fa5-a005-6843abcb42da/blobholder:0/2005LIMO0033.pdf.
Full textThis work is devoted to the synthesis of nanocomposite via a sol-gel process. We have more specifically focused our attention to the silica – zirconia system. Microstructural properties of these materials were investigated by small angle X-ray scattering, X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. After 600°C heat treatments, a nanoscaled amorphous phase separation consisting in silicon-rich and zirconium-rich interconnected domains was shown to be present. For higher heat treatments the crystallization of zirconia nanocrystals occurs in the previously formed zirconium-rich region. The size and spatial distribution of crystalline particles, dispersed in the amorphous silica-rich matrix, are controlled by the annealing conditions. Finally we have extended this study to silica – zirconia thin coatings and to potentially luminescent materials in the ZrO2 – Eu2O3 – SiO2 and ZnO – SiO2 systems
Lacoste, Éric. "Modélisation numérique de l'écoulement d'un métal liquide à travers une préforme fibreuse pour l'élaboration de matériaux composites à matrice métallique." Bordeaux 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR1A518.
Full textLacoste, Éric. "Modélisation numérique de l'écoulement d'un métal liquide à travers une préforme fibreuse pour l'élaboration de matériaux composites à matrice métallique." Bordeaux 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR10672.
Full textOsso, Dominique. "Élaboration de nanocomposites alumine-métal (Fe, Cr, Ni) par mécanosynthèse." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1995. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1995_OSSO_D.pdf.
Full textRajpurohit, Ashok. "Development of advanced carbon/glass fibre based hybrid composites." Thesis, Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPSLM020.
Full textHybrid composites offer an effective way of enhancing mechanical properties of composite materials. This thesis aims to understand the mechanical behaviour and synergistic effect offered by such hybrid composites in several loading conditions. The focus not only lies on mechanical characterisation but also on development and optimization of new generation of hybrid reinforcements thus allowing hybridization both at ply levels and at tow and fibre levels. In this work, carbon and glass fibres are chosen as the two types of reinforcements for hybrid composites. Single fibre properties of these fibres were first characterised to study the effect of textile processes. Novel unidirectional reinforcements have been fabricated after optimising the processes such as unidirectional stitching and spreading technology. Composites were manufactured via low pressure RTM process using an epoxy resin. Stiffness and failure characteristics of reference, interply, intraply and intermingled hybrid composites were then characterised in quasi-static tensile, compression and flexural loading conditions. The hybrid (synergistic) effect were evaluated for these composites by comparing the hybrid composite properties with a carbon reference composite. To understand the failure behaviour under different loading conditions, a fractography study was conducted. Interply hybrids slightly increase the failure strain in tension but demonstrate negative synergy in all other properties. On the other hand, intraply hybrids show a synergistic effect in both tensile and compressive strengths, while not reducing the failure strain. A spread tape intermingled hybrid composite demonstrates a superior mechanical performance when compared to other hybrids. The presented results reveal the potential benefits of hybridisation at different levels and dispersions. The results provide a driving force for future work on hybrid composites and their processing
Kang, Chi-Hang. "Une famille d'éléments hybrides singuliers pour l'étude des plaques fissurées métalliques et composites." Compiègne, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991COMPD362.
Full textChausson, Sophie. "Synthèse et utilisation de matériaux hybrides lamellaires pour l'élaboration et la caractérisation de nanocomposites polymères." Caen, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CAEN2047.
Full textThe aim of this work is to elaborate original lamellar hybrid materials and disperse them in a polymer matrix to obtain nanocomposites. They have been prepared using two different matrixes, one apolar (polyethylene) and one polar (polyamide-12). The two lamellar hybrid systems have been dispersed in these matrixes and studied as part of the hybrid nature. The first one, the lamellar oxide KTiNbO5, has been chemically modified with alkylamines having different carbon chain lengths in order to be compatible with the different polymer matrixes. The dispersion of such materials has allowed improving several properties like thermal stability, mechanical resistance and fire resistance. The second family studied is the copper alkylphosphonate one. They have been prepared with different alkyl chain lengths. The aim of this study is to prepare a hybrid material with a transition metal and to disperse it in the polymer matrixes. A deep structural study of the homologue series has revealed two types of compounds: hydrated for the short alkyl chains (number of carbon atoms≤10) and dehydrated for the alkyl chains with n≥10. These two structural types have shown different magnetic behaviours. Finally, the incorporation of these fillers in polyethylene and polyamide-12 has revealed that the chemical nature of the bond which links the organic part to the inorganic one of the hybrid does not allow obtaining an efficient exfoliation mechanism
Boukerma, Kada. "Propriétés interfaciales de nouveaux composites conducteurs à base de polypyrrole utilisés comme charge pour des polymères thermoplastiques." Paris 7, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA077198.
Full textIn this work, we report first on the preparation of a series of PPy powders by oxidative polymerization in aquous soulution with mixed doping (Cl/AOT) and (HSCVAOT) by using an anionic surfactant, sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate (AOT). Elemental Analyses and XPS confirmed that the surfactant is incorporated into the PPy structure. The addition of AOT enhance the conductivity of PPy with an optimal value corresponding to molar ratio Py/AOT =7/1. Moreover the surfactant has the effect to minimize the surface energy of PPy, which improves their dispersion and their adhesion in a matrix of polypropylene as well as the conductivity of the final composite obtained PP/PPy-AOT. In the second time, we investigated the physico-chemical properties of new clay/PPy and silicon carbide/PPy composites. We characterized them in terms of chemical composition on the surface and the bulk by XPS and elemental analysis, and conductivity measurements. In addition the morpholocical and mechanical properties were investigated for this new composites filled polymers. We have shown the surfactants (here DBSA) has a dramataic effect on these physicochemical properties and that they constitute an essentiel building block in the development of novel fillers based on polypyrrole
Thommerel, Emmanuel. "Elaboration et études des propriétés physico-chimiques de matériaux composites polymère/métal et piezoélectrique/alumine : extraction, structures et rôle sur l'environnement." Toulon, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOUL0009.
Full textNew transducer systems (plezoelectro magnetic or PEM) for deteetion from a distance have been implemented. They are made of two distinct parts: (a) a ceramic-based piezoelectric sensor (Pb, La)(Zr, Ti)03 (or PLZT), and (b) an antenna made of metal/polymer composites. The first step was to carry out the physico-chemical study of antennas made of granular metal/polymer. These antennas can be elaborated using mechanical engraving of composite stands which have a similar metal composition to that of electric percolation. Several series of composites were elaborated: the polymer component is polypheovlene sulphur -PPS- and metallic granular phases are successively Al, Fe, Ni, W, Zn. Each composite in the whole range of metal volume fraction (from 0 to 1) was tested by electrical complex spectrometry. The electric responses (R. L and C components function of metal volume fraction) were modelled by resorting to medium effective approximation (MEA): a new approach taking into account the diversity of size distribution was developed. This approach makes it possible to closely link electric responses to the distributions and sizes of metallic grains. The percolation theory was also used. Critical exponents (s and t) stemming from laws in power were determined for each composite family, so as to interpret the conductance values, under (law in (-3>}'!) and over (law in (-C)') the percolation point (volume fraction <&cl. In order to assess the resistance to corrosion in an acid environment, a corrosion study according to the time of these systems was carried out. The percolation model was put into practice: because of corrosion, critical exponents evolve according to time. The second step was to carry out a study of piezo electric ceramics elaborated from composites (PLZT)/alumina. The role of alumina is to modulate the piezoelectric characteristics so as to permit a certain frequency discrimination of the markers. Polarised composites were characterised by X rays diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Electric measures by electrical complex made it possible to characterize the performance to the neighbourhood of ceramic/electrode systems resonance frequency. The increase in alumina content results in a decrease of resonance frequency and a weakening of resonance amplitude. Modelling through an equivalent electric circuit RLC has made it possible to ascribe the modifications of piezoelectric responses (frequency and resonance amplitude) to the modifications of the piezoelectric phase PLZT and the ceramic micro structure, resulting from a presence of an alumina phase inserted in the ceramic. The growth of the R resistance is thus clearly attributed to the degradation of me piezoelectric phases. The increase of C capacity is linked to the reduction of elastic constants. This reduction is induced by weaker grain boundaries. The L inductance associated with medium masses of the system stays practically unchanged considering the limited content in alumina
Wang, Genwei. "Stabilité du nanotube de carbone : fabrication et comportement mécanique du composites à base des nanotubes." Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00136102.
Full textThe stability of carbon nanotube under self weight is analyzed by continuum method. Research results show that the critical aspect ratio can reach to 106. Double cantileveled beam model is used to study the pull in instability of two carbon nanotubes under van der waals forces. The obtained results are useful for the critical design of carbon nanotube based nanoswitch. Carbon nanotube/sic (cnt/sic) hybrid structure are fabricated by chemical vapor despositon. Different loadings of cnt/sic are added into epoxy resin to make micro/nanoscale hybrid composites. The static and dynamic compressive tests are first made to study the renforcement of different filler. Sem observation on the facture surfaces shows that both carbon nanotube and sic particle are dispersed homogeneously
Nony, Fabien. "Développement de nouveaux polymères hybrides polyarylacétyléniques : application à la réalisation de matrices pour composites thermostructuraux." Lyon, INSA, 2003. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2003ISAL0058/these.pdf.
Full textThis study comes within the scope of developing new matrices for thermostructural composites. The particular interest of this work relies on the synthesis of hybrid poly(silylene-ethynylene-phenylene-ethynylene) polymers with the aim of combining the intrinsic thermal stability of inorganic elements with the processability and the specific mechanical properties of polymers. Characterization of these silicon-containing polymers have revealed outstanding heat-resistance but limited mechanical properties. The thermosetting mechanism has also been studied. All the results have been used to develop different polymers or thermosets modification paths. Poisoning the reactive groups implicated in a weakening process, lead to an obvious increase of all thermosets mechanical properties and the preserving of their thermal stability and processability. Fiber-matrix interactions have been investigated on model-composites. Carbon fiber-reinforced composites, made by RTM, have also been characterized
Fragneaud, Benjamin. "Synthesis and characterization of polymer/carbon nanotubes composites : impact of polymer grafting on the surface of CNx MWNTs on the electrical and mechanical properties of the nanocomposites." Lyon, INSA, 2006. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2006ISAL0124/these.pdf.
Full textADes nouveaux matériaux hybrides, provenant du greffage de polystyrène à la surface de nanotubes de carbone dopés azote (CNx MWNTs) ont été synthètisés et utilisés dans l’élaboration de nano-composites à matrice polymère. Dans ces travux de recherche nous avons étudiés l’impacte de ces nanotubes de carbone greffés polystyrène sur les propriétés mécaniques et électriques de matrices polystyrène (PS et poly (butadiène-co-styrène) (PSBS). Les nanotubes greffés ont une meilleure dispersion dans une matrice de polystyrène que les nanotubes sans traitement chimique. Cependant, ce type de fonctionnement ne permet pas de baisser le seuil de percolation électrique, puisque le greffage tend à isoler électriquement les nanotubes. Par ailleurs, nous avons observé une sensible augmentation de l’effet de renfort mécanique de la matrice PS quand les tubes sont greffés ; particulièrement quand les composites sont soumis à de grandes déformations. Dans le cas particulier d’une matrice nano structurée comme le PSBS, nous avons observé un effet de renfort mécanique beaucoup plus important quand les nanotubes étaient greffés. En effet, la couche de PS à la surface des CNx MWNTs connecte les domaines de PS du copolymère, permettant l’apparition d’un réseau percolant rigide avec un seuil de percolation très bas (PC <0. 05 vol%)
Lepeytre, Cédric. "Matériaux hybrides organique-inorganique monophasés : synthèse et étude des paramètres conditionnant le solide." Montpellier 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON20014.
Full textBordeaux, Frédéric. "Mélange atomique exothermique et amorphisation en phase solide dans des composites de multicouches fines métal-métal préparés par co-laminage." Grenoble INPG, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989INPG0108.
Full textMassuyeau, Florian. "Études photophysiques d'un polymère conjugué nanostructuré : du film nanocomposite à la nanofibre." Nantes, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NANT2115.
Full textThis PhD. Thesis is aimed at the investigation of organic nanomaterials presenting original photophysical properties. We address the consequences of nanostructuration on the absorbing and emissive properties of poly(p-phenylene vinylene) (PPV), a prototypal semiconducting conjugated polymer for light emitting diode applications. On one hand we investigate quasi-two dimensional thin composite films of PPV loaded with carbon nanotubes (CNT). On the other hand, we achieve the synthesis of quasi-one dimensional PPV nanofibers exhibiting optical properties different from the bulk, which are possibly related to a near confinement regime of the photoexcited species. The PPV/NTC nanocomposite thin films are prepared by drop casting for several concentrations of PPV precursor polymer and for increasing CNT loads. The optical properties are strongly modified by these synthesis conditions. The interacting effects between polymer chains and CNT on the photoluminescence properties are discussed. The PPV nanofibers are elaborated by the wetting template method in nanoporous membranes. Depending on the synthesis conditions, we obtain either nanowires or nanotubes. These objects present different emissive characteristics. In PPV nanotubes, the quantum yield is increased and a new long-lived photoluminescence band is observed around 450 nm. We discuss the experimental results with two theoretical approaches: (i) molecular calculations of oligomers in order to find the most probable optical transition energies in short chains; (ii) a phenomenological model based on the distribution of conjugated segment lengths, allowing for a better understanding of both intrachain and interchain interactions
Poncet, Mélissa. "Effet de l'incorporation de systèmes hybrides sur les propriétés mécaniques de matériaux composites à matrice époxyvinylester et polyester insaturé." Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ENMP0025/document.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the development of a thermosetting matrix composite incorporating nanoscale reinforcements and/or an elatomeric phase to improve its stiffness, damping and resilience.To do so, we made formulations based on epoxy vinyl ester matrices, filled or not by an elastomeric phase, and reinforced with montmorillonite or sepiolite. Their viscoelastic properties were studied usingexperimental modal analysis and their impact properties were investigated using drop weight impacttesting. The microstructure of these composites was examined using X-ray diffraction and electronmicroscopy observations.Homogenization models based on H ALPIN -T SAI model and adapted to the studied composites were developed to provide a tool able to explicitly link the stiffness of the material to its morphology.A detailed parametric analysis allowed to determine the most influential morphological characteristics and to assess the efficiency of the process regarding the mechanical stiffening obtained.Experimentally, the incorporation of montmorillonite or sepiolite led to a significant increase in the elastic modulus and, with the presence of an elastomeric phase in the resin, the damping was doubled and the resilience was increased.Finally, the most efficient formulations were used to manufacture glass fibers reinforced composites.The improvement in mechanical properties was found, to a lesser extent, for the manufactured prototypes.The relevance of the use of these materials on an industrial scale was evaluated
Antar, Zied. "Éco-composites polymères conducteurs (CPC) pour la production d'énergie renouvelable." Lorient, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORIS283.
Full textOwing to the finite supply of fossil fuels and the negative public opinion surrounding nuclear energy, alternative energy resources are the subject of considerable research on a global scale. The aim of this work is to develop a Conductive Polymer Composite for energy harvesting and storage. The first part of this work was dedicated to the development of solar absorber. In fact, CPCs were prepared by melt processing where conductive fillers (graphite and/or carbon nanotubes) were dispersed in an insulate polymer matrix (PLA and PA12). Indeed, thermo-optical properties were measured and the durability of the CPC was checked by controlling the evolution of their mechanical properties during a weathering test. In a second step, CPC with good thermoelectric power were prepared using two routes: melt blending process and solution in-situ polymerization. Various formulations have been tried and some rather interesting results were obtained by recording encouraging values of figure of merit ZT
Miot, Stéphanie. "Rupture de structures composites stratifiées sous chargements statique et de fatigue." Aix-Marseille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX11016.
Full textRecent developments in the aeronautics industry have accelerated interest in the use of composites as primary structural materials. This project is based on a collaboration with Eurocopter. The objectives are to experimentally analyse and model the behaviour until failure of laminated composite structures under static and fatigue loadings. To describe the mechanical behaviour of composite materials, several damage mechanisms have to be considered. A model, based on the Continuum Damage Mechanics and recently developed at the LMA, takes into account the effects of transverse and shear damages characterized by the creation of small cracks which run along the fibres. This model was integrated into Abaqus/Standard in order to study the behaviour of laminated structures under static and fatigue loadings. The comparisons between experimental data and numerical simulations have proved that conventional failure criteria do not work if the strain field is inhomogeneous. A non local approach, based on the definition of a Fracture Characteristic Volume, has been developed. This method takes into account the effects of stress concentrations on the failure of laminated structures. Comparisons with experimental data allows to valid thebehaviour model associated to the non local approach for various materials, laminates and geometries in the case of static loading conditions. The application in the case of fatigue loading is in progress and first results are promising
Costa, Nathalie. "Matériaux hybrides organominéraux dérivés du ferrocène : synthèse, caractérisation et comportement électrochimique. Elaboration d'électrodes modifiées." Montpellier 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON20242.
Full textAzria, David. "Matériaux fonctionnels par assemblage de microsphères composites de chitosane/collagène pour l’ingénierie tissulaire." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEP043.
Full textInjury of the peripheral nerve leads to local degeneration at the damaged site. If the injury results in a large nerve gap, spontaneous regeneration does not lead to functional recovery of the nerve. Among the several therapeutic strategies available, autograft is currently the most efficient technique but is associated with morbidity at the donor site. In the tissue engineering approach that we have investigated, nerve guides are typically elaborated with biocompatible materials to orient nerve outgrowth and regeneration. In this context, we have evaluated materials assembled with functionalized microspheres to form a gradient of neurotrophic factors with the aim of guiding nerve regeneration in the lumen of tubular conduits. We have studied the elaboration of chitosan and collagen microspheres from an emulsion generated in a controlled manner using a microfluidic technology. The solidification of the emulsion droplets was then achieved by the diffusion of ammonia vapors. The microspheres functionalization has been investigated and characterized using model fluorescent molecules, namely FITC (Fluorescein Isothiocyanate) and a protein (BSA, Bovine Serum Albumin) labeled with FITC. These functionalized microspheres were then assembled in the form of membranes with typical dimensions in the centimeter range, and exhibiting a functionalization gradient. Finally, preliminary experiments have demonstrated the possibility of animal implantation by rolling and suturing the membranes to a sectioned sciatic nerve. This work has allowed us to establish the proof of concept of this approach to elaborate functional nerve conduits and will need to be followed by complete study of functional nerve regeneration
Goumghar, Amirouche. "Élaboration et étude des performances dynamiques de composite bio-sourcés à architecture hybride lin—verre." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Reims, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023REIMS002.
Full textThe use of natural fibre-reinforced composite materials is growing in various sectors such as automotive and packaging. However, the problem of their sensitivity to humidity still hinders their use in applications exposed to extreme environmental conditions. Therefore, the hybridization of natural fibres with synthetic fibres can constitute a promising way to improve some properties of natural fibre-reinforced composites. It is in this context that the present doctoral work is situated. It presents an experimental analysis of the tensile-tensile fatigue and low-energy impact fatigue behaviour of non-hybrid and hybrid flax-glass/epoxy laminates. An investigation of their durability after water aging until saturation is also presented. To this end, several plates of non-hybrid and hybrid flax-glass/epoxy composites have been fabricated by the vacuum infusion process. First, we carried out a monotonic tensile characterization of the studied composites and evaluated the kinetics of moisture diffusion within these materials. The results of these tests show that the addition of glass layers to the flax/epoxy laminate improves its mechanical properties and also reduces its mass of water absorbed at saturation. Then, cyclic fatigue tests were performed on unaged and aged composite specimens. These fatigue tests were coupled with the acoustic emission technique in order to identify the damage mechanisms and their chronology of appearance. To evaluate the effect of fatigue loading on the loss of stiffness, hysteresis loops and the damping factor of non-hybrid and hybrid composites were investigated. The analysis of the acoustic signals makes it possible to identify three classes of acoustic signals in all the studied composites. These three classes are attributed to the main damage mechanisms such as matrix cracking, fibre/matrix decohesion and fibre breakage. This attribution is supported by microscopic observations obtained using a scanning electron microscope. Finally, low-energy impact fatigue tests were performed on unaged and aged composite samples. The obtained results clearly show that the flax/epoxy composite absorbs a large part of the impact energy and transforms it into elastic energy. However, the glass/epoxy laminate consumes this energy in damage and breakage. In addition, water aging weakens all the studied composites and reduces their resistance to impact fatigue
Marcinkowska, Malgorzata. "Elaboration and characterization of mechanical properties of ceramic composites with controlled architecture." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSEI021/document.
Full textThe goal of this thesis was to develop and characterize the microstructure and the mechanical properties of bioinspired ceramic composites. Nacre-like alumina fabricated by freeze-casting previously developed in Bouville thesis was chosen as a reference material. Simplifying and up-scaling material fabrication was intended. Architectural levels were added to the microstructure to further improve mechanical properties of the material. Sophisticated processing by freeze-casting was substituted by uniaxial pressing. Electron backscatter diffraction observations confirmed the good alignment of alumina platelets used to prepare the material. The field assisted sintering cycle was adapted to greater quantities of ceramic powder and organic additives. The second part of the project was dedicated to the modification of the interphase between alumina platelets. Various possibilities were explored: adding fine zirconia powder, depositing zirconia on the platelets by sol-gel reaction, or substituting the glassy phase by graphene. All obtained materials were characterized by four point bending on notched bars. The third part of this study was focused on the development of multilayered metal/ceramic composites, by simultaneous sintering of alumina and titanium. The titanium foil thickness and composition were varied. The composites were characterized by SEM, EBSD, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and synchrotron X-ray tomography. Detailed microstructural and chemical characterization was performed to understand mechanisms of titanium diffusion into ceramic matrix. Simplified material fabrication allows to prepare larger samples of nacre-like ceramics. However grain growth should be limited to maintain good mechanical properties. Modification of the interphase between alumina platelets did not improve mechanical properties of the materials as compared to the reference material. On the other hand, depositing nano-zirconia on platelets surface seems promising and should be further investigated. In case of alumina/titanium composites, a multiscale architecture composites were process in a rather simple way. However, avoiding metal foil cracking is crucial to improve mechanical properties
Grando, Jérôme. "Faisabilité et modélisation de matériaux à propriétés adaptatives : Cas de composites hybrides verre-expoxy renfermant des alliages à mémoire de forme." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ECDL0037.
Full textVo, Van Son. "Élaboration, caractérisation et simulation de nanocomposites argile-polymère : des nouveaux matériaux pour l'éco-conception." Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC1162/document.
Full textClay nanoparticles (CNP) are abundantly available low-cost natural resources with numerous positive attributes such as large surface area, impermeability to gas, superior mechanical and thermal properties so that they have attracted over the last three decades significant attention, notably for the reinforcement of polymer-based materials. However, CNP suffer from incompatibility, hence weak interfacial interactions and poor dispersion with/in most of organic polymeric materials because of their intrinsic hydrophilicity and strong interlayer interactions. This limitation is one of the major reasons why polymer nanocomposites have to date remained mainly in laboratories. Thus, one of the key challenges in developing clay-based polymer nanocomposites (PCNs) with advanced thermo-mechanical, gas barrier...properties relies on the control at the molecular level of the interface properties of clay nanoplatelets-filled polymer resins. Taking into account the criteria for sustainable development, civil engineering and green economy, we have developed, in the first part of this thesis, reactive and pre-exfoliated clay nanofillers that may be further incorporated in a diverse set of biopolymer matrices and giving rise to strong energy interactions with the said matrices for improved mechanical behavior. To ensure a closer fit of these specifications we have implemented green approaches for the preparation of these generic nanofillers, namely photopolymerisation was used as a low energy consumption and fast method for the surface functionalization of native clays, solvent-free protocols were applied to prepare polymer nanocomposites, while biopolymers (starch, cellulose) or bio-based precursors (epoxidized vegetal oils) served as dispersion media. By controlling the preparation conditions, reactive clay nanofillers with adjustable interlayer spacing and chemical surface reactivity were prepared. Of particular interest is that the layered-like structure of the clay nano ller is preserved while the d-interlayer spacing can be increased though increasing the photopolymerization time, i.e. amount of polymer within the clay nanosheets. Our major results from the the first part can be summarized as follows: Morphology and reactivity of clay nanofillers are easily controlled though adjusting the photopolymerization time and selecting adequate vinyl monomer. - The newly preparation methods allow preparation of samples beyond the gram-scale. - Reactive and surface chemistry of pre-exfoliated clay nanofillers can be tuned to provide compatibility with both conventional preformed biopolymers and bio-based epoxy resins. - The mechanical properties of the resulting polymer nanocomposites are improved as compared to the neat polymeric matrices owing to the strong interface interaction between fillers and dispersion matrices
Ben, ameur Mariem. "Caractérisation mécanique et suivi par émission acoustique des mécanismes d’endommagement des composites à fibres hybrides lin/carbone." Thesis, Le Mans, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LEMA1039.
Full textThe use of natural fibers as reinforcement makes it possible to improve the environmental performance of the composite materials as well as their damping properties. Nevertheless, these natural fiber composites have lower mechanical performance than synthetic fiber composites. In this context, this study proposes to develop composite structures with hybrid reinforcement made of flax and carbon fibers. The objective of this hybridization is to find a compromise between the mechanical and dissipative properties. First, the static behavior of flax fiber, carbon fiber and flax/carbon hybrid composites was analyzed. The principal elastic characteristics of a UD ply in plane stresses are thus determined. Moreover, a monitoring and an analysis of the mechanisms of damage were carried out by means of the technique of acoustic emission associated with microscopic observations. In order to better meet industrial needs, the behavior of composites subjected to cyclic fatigue tests must be studied. In fact, the fatigue behavior of these materials with non-hybrid and hybrid reinforcements was analyzed under tensile stress and three-point bending. The influence of hybridization on the fatigue life of these composites has been established. Finally, an experimental study and a finite element modeling of the vibratory behavior of non-hybrid and hybrid composites were carried out. Thus, the role of different fibers, fiber orientations, stacking sequences in vibration damping has been discussed
Nong, Thi Thanh Huyen. "Electric control of magnetic behavior in artificial multiferroic composites." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCD070.
Full textMultiferroic materials present several ferroic orders, i.e. ferromagnetic, ferroelectric and/or ferroelastic. The coupling between these ferroic orders allow the control of the magnetic properties by applying an electric field and vice versa. In order to use their multifunctionality in new applications, this coupling must be efficient at room temperature. This thesis concentrates on materials artificially coupling together a ferromagnetic/ magnetostrictive phase with a ferroelectric/piezoelectric one. The coupling between these two phases is called magnetoelectric (ME). The first chapter describes the state of the art of this ME coupling for different multiferroic composite structures. Characterization techniques and micromagnetic simulation tools are presented in the second chapter. In the third chapter, a hetero-structure given by a magnetostrictive film/flexible substrate/piezoelectric actuator (FeCuNbSiB/Kapton/PE) is studied. The magnetic domains of FeCuNbSiB as well as their orientation are controlled by applying an electric field and studied by local microscopy (MFM). The fourth chapter focuses on a nanocomposite material including magnetostrictive nanoparticles in a flexible piezoelectric matrix (PVDF polymer). The effect of these inclusions (nanoparticles) on the local piezoelectric response of the PVDF is studied by piezoeponse microscopy (PFM). Symmetrically, the influence of the piezoelectric matrix on the static magnetic properties of the nanoparticles is analyzed. In the last chapter, the optimization of the magnetic properties of a set of anisotropic nanoparticles (cobalt nanowires) is studied as fonction of their structure, shape and mutual interactions. This experimental study is corroborated by simulations and targets new composites ME materials including the anisotropic nanoparticles in a flexible piezoelectric matrix
Alzina, Camille. "Nouvelles formulations industrielles à base de résine époxyde pour la fabrication de composites et de nanocomposites." Nice, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NICE4074.
Full textPolymeric materials are mostly of composite materials ie they are composed in majority with a phase called matrix which was amended by adding a filler which is most often mineral. The reduction in size of the fillers can lead to new physical and chemical properties and to many potential applications. During this work in collaboration with the company SICOMIN Composites, thermosetting epoxy-amine system was studied with various nanofillers (clays, nanosilica, carbon nanotubes and block copolymers) in order to improve the mechanical properties of this system and to research new properties. In addition, a study on the reactivity of an epoxy-amine model system (DGEBA/mPDA) was conducted to study the secondary reactions involved in the crosslinking with an original kinetic method, the advanced isoconversional method. A study of this system at different ratios DGEBA/mPDA showed that stoichiometric proportions are not the most appropriate. In order to understand the complex physical-chemical phenomena and to optimize the properties of nanocomposite materials containing organophilic montmorillonites or silica nanoparticles, several studies were conducted and they highlighted some new fundamental aspects of the reactivity of these systems and they underlined the importance of the interaction nanofiller/matrix and of the dispersion of nanofillers