Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Matériaux énergétiques – Propriétés thermiques'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Matériaux énergétiques – Propriétés thermiques.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Gomart, Hector. "Modélisation des propriétés thermo-radiatives de revêtements à haute efficacité énergétique." Orléans, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ORLE2050.
Full textHaillot, Didier. "Matériaux composites à hautes performances énergétiques pour l’optimisation des chauffe-eau solaires individuels : du matériau au procédé." Perpignan, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PERP0999.
Full textThis thesis takes place in a partnership between the PROMES laboratory and the Saunier Duval industry, part of the Vaillant Group, with the aim of improving the performance of solar domestic hot water (SDHW) system. Potential of phase change materials (PCM) for this particular application is investigated in this study. Our approach has been to associate the study of composites (preparation and characterization) and also the analysis of the process to achieve optimal integration of the material in the system. In the first part we have elaborated and characterized composite based on compressed expanded natural graphite (CENG) and PCM in order to validate the existence of materials having the characteristics necessary for the planned feature. The second part of this work aims to quantify the performance of a SDHW which includes the composite material previously developed. A numerical approach allows us to simulate the thermal behaviour and the efficiency of such a system. Analysis of these numerical results will give rise to several conclusion and prospects
Sansen, Pascal. "Formulation énergétique d'un critère de rupture locale d'un solide en thermoplasticité." Lille 1, 1999. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1999/50376-1999-81.pdf.
Full textPetrantoni, Marine. "Nanomatériaux énergétiques sur puce : élaboration, modélisation et caractérisation." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00559629.
Full textSari-Bey, Sana. "Mise au point de nouveaux matériaux à changement de phase pour optimiser les transferts énergétiques." Thesis, Paris Est, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PEST1158.
Full textResearch in the field of innovative materials with improved energy efficiency have a major environmental issue. One way to save energy is storage. The use of phase change materials (PCM) is a solution for absorbing, storing and releasing large amounts of energy. This study focuses on the experimental study of the thermophysical properties and phase changes of polymer matrix composite materials containing microencapsulated PCM and the optimization of their thermophysical properties. Composite containing different mass fractions of paraffin microcapsules were first characterized. To improve heat transfer, paraffin microcapsules metallized with silver were then used. A new set of samples was elaborated. In the composite the selected polymer matrix is polycaprolactone (PCL), this polymer has a particularly low melting point (53°C), which allows to mix the microcapsules without damaging them. The polymer/microcapsules mixtures were prepared using a blender, they were then pressed to obtain plates of composites. The homogeneity of the samples was verified by scanning electron microscopy observations and density measurements. The phase change material used is a mixture of paraffins having a phase change temperature of 26°C, in microencapsulated highly crosslinked PMMA, and marketed by BASF under the trade name of Micronal®DS 5001 X. PCL has a melting temperature lower than the softening temperature of PMMA. One objective of this study was to obtain a material that remains solid even when the paraffin melts. Microencapsulation has avoided that the paraffin in the sample diffuses out during successive cycles, it also avoids convection when paraffin is liquid. On the other hand, another goal was to see if metallization of the particles allowed to improve the thermal properties by significantly increasing the thermal conductivity and diffusivity. DSC was used to determine the temperatures and enthalpies of the phase changes and the materials Cp between -20 and 40 ° C. An experimental technique, developed in the laboratory (DICO), can simultaneously measure the thermal conductivity (λ) and thermal diffusivity (a) at room temperature. A recent development of this system now allows to make measurements in ramp between -15°C and 180°C. The measures of the change in thermal conductivity and diffusivity as a function of temperature have been carried out by heating and cooling. Phase changes observed in DSC are found on the evolution of thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity plotted as a function temperature. It also shows the impact on these properties of solid or liquid state of the paraffin contained in the microcapsules. Finally the evolution of the volumetric heat capacity was calculated from the results obtained with DICO (Cp=λ/a) and compared with the evolution of the specific heat capacity measured by DSC. Globally, heat transfer was improved for composites containing silver but their storage capacity is lower than for the composites containing only Micronal®
Deddy, Bezeid. "Conception thermique d’une paroi complexe de datacentre pour une optimisation énergétique." Lorient, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORIS274.
Full textThe reduction of energy consumption for telecommunication buildings is an international challenge for main telecommunication operators and principal actors of internet. Indeed, in these buildings there are electronics equipment with a strong power density and thus a very important thermal contribution. Therefore it is necessary to use large air-conditioning systems in order to maintain ambient conditions (temperature and relative humidity of the air) in fixed ranges. One possible approach for limit installed air conditioning systems is to clip the peaks of internal temperature by using a heat storage in the wall and by adopting a night cool storage directly in the masonry. In this thesis, the study describes a numerical and experimental study in order to define new conceptions of optimized telecommunication buildings. Walls are used in order to increased heat transfer and reduced cooling energy consumption. In the first step, the temperature response of the internal volume 1 m3 were followed and simulated under different test conditions. The thermal inertia is increased by incorporating phase change materials (PCM microencapsulated paraffin) in concrete. From experience and measurements of thermophysical properties, a one dimensional thermal model conduction that represents heat transfer in the walls were developed and validated. From these studies, a specific component, representative of a multilayer wall with PCM, is developed and coupled to TRNSYS Type 56. These TRNSYS developments are then applied to the study of a real "data center" site. After confrontation with experimental data, different configurations of walls have been studied in order to improve thermal inertia. New building architectures are proposed in order to reduce cooling energy consumption
Violet, Alix. "Modélisation de la combustion de compositions pyrotechniques : approche par traitement d'images et simulation numérique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Orléans, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ORLE1078.
Full textPyrotechnic compositions are composite energetic materials whose combustion produces various effects such as light, smoke, sound, or heat. This diversity makes them highly versatile, allowing for multiple applications in both civilian and military contexts. Composed of a granular mixture of at least one oxidizer and one reducer, their combustion characteristics can be modified by numerous factors: the nature and composition of the mixture, particle size, compaction rate, and manufacturing method. Each of these parameters influences the structuring of the composition by generating local variations in reactant concentration, which can be more or less favorable to the propagation of combustion. This thesis aims to develop a numerical model that incorporates the effect of anisotropy using image processing techniques.Following a brief review of the state of the art on pyrotechnic compositions, the development of a model differentiating between oxidizer and reducer grains is presented. This model incorporates two reactions coupled with mass transport phenomena: the oxidizer decomposes, releasing oxygen that diffuses within the material before reacting with the reducer. A parametric study helped identify two distinct regimes, characterized by the Damköhler number. Finally, compositions in the form of pellets were manufactured and characterized. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of their surfaces were used to develop 2D maps of the distribution of the constituents using image processing techniques. These maps were then used to initialize the concentrations in the model's computational domains. Their thermal diffusivity was calculated numerically and compared to experimental measurements. Combustion simulations highlighted the impact of the local grain distribution on the propagation of the combustion front
Ben, Abdallah Ronia. "Intégration des matériaux à changement de phase dans les meubles frigorifiques de vente pour améliorer leur effcicacité énergétique et leur flexiblité." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS021.
Full textIt is admitted that the integration of phase change material (PCM) in refrigeration systems has the potential to increase their flexibility, to stabilize product temperatures and in some cases to reduce their energy consumption. This study is about the impact of PCM used in a display cabinet. Two experimental set-ups are presented: the first one is an open display cabinet and the second one a closed display cabinet. A numerical model has been also developed and used to check the feasibility of PCM integration and evaluate its impact on the display cabinet. In addition, a parametric study have been carried out to highlight the importance of a display cabinet optimization after the insertion of PCM. Besides, PCM application in supermarket scenarios are discussed. The main results show the feasibility of PCM insertion, a significant increase of its thermal inertia, and the possibility to keep the compressor off during a few hours without temperature abuse for the products
Kotelnikova-Weiler, Natalia. "Optimisation mécanique et énergétique d'enveloppes en matériaux composites pour les bâtiments." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00807510.
Full textGuichard, Stéphane. "Contribution à l'étude des parois complexes intégrant des matériaux à changements de phase : modélisation, expérimentation, et évaluation de la performance énergétique globale." Thesis, La Réunion, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LARE0008/document.
Full textThis Ph.D thesis focusses on energy control in buildings in order to reach high energetic performances by the use of passive means. One of the proposed solution is based on the use of Phase Change Materials (PCMs). Located into walls, PCMs allow to stock thermal energy into latent heat. The aim of the study is thus to put in evidence PCMs actual impacts on the thermal field of a building and its role as thermal insulation. For these considerations, a thermal model has been developed and validated. An experimental device has been set-up for the collection of data in field environment and for a human scale. The measurement sequence has been conducted at Reunion Island, for a hot and humid tropical climate. For the determination of the thermal behaviour of a commplex wall included PCMs, we proposed a generic model, able to predict many configurations. The model has been implemented in a multizone building simulation code (ISOLAB), for the prediction of wall temperature profiles and PCMs impact on the thermal comfort. Following a combined metholodogy, including modelling and experimentation for validation, we were able to validate the model for actual conditions and to evaluate the model's prediction accuracy
Nguyen, Van-Tri. "Thermal and thermo-mechanical behavior of energy piles." Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1160/document.
Full textThe thermal and thermo-mechanical behavior of energy piles is investigated by various approaches: laboratory measurement on small soil samples, physical modeling on small-scale pile, experiments on real-scale pile, and analytical/numerical calculations. First, the thermal conductivity of unsaturated loess is measured simultaneously with moisture content and suction. The results show a unique relationship between thermal conductivity and moisture content during a wetting/drying cycle while a clear hysteresis loop can be observed on the relationship between thermal conductivity and suction. Second, thermal tests are performed on a full-scale experimental energy pile to observe heat transfer at the real scale. Third, an analytical solution is proposed to simulate conductive heat transfer from an energy pile to the surrounding soil during heating. The above-mentioned tasks related to the thermal behavior are then completed by studies on the thermo-mechanical behavior of energy piles. On one hand, experiments are performed on a small-scale pile installed either in dry sand or in saturated clay. Thirty thermal cycles, representing thirty annual cycles, are applied to the pile under various constant pile head loads. The results show irreversible pile head settlement with thermal cycles; the settlement is higher at higher pile head load. In addition, the irreversible thermal settlement is the most significant during the first cycles; it becomes negligible at high number of cycles. On the other hand, the experimental work with small-scale pile is completed with numerical calculations by using the finite element method. This approach is first validated with the results on small-scale pile prior to be used to predict the results of full-scale experiments
Boukhalfa, Kamel. "Caractérisation, suivi et optimisation des performances thermiques et énergétiques de parois légères : application à un concept de logments locatifs en filière sèche." Artois, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ARTO0209.
Full textThe work completed in this thesis more particularly relates to the thermal and energy characteristics of individual residences from the dry die (construction with light walls). The essential object of our work is to analyze the thermal behavior of the extremely light envelope of the building and thus of weak thermal inertia. The blade of air ventilated constituting a part of the outer jacket of the process was the subject of a thermal analysis by means of an instrumentation (fluxmeters and thermocouples) installation within the wall. In this work, we qualitatively highlight these cold bridges by infra-red thermography and quantitatively by the installation of fluxmeters. These observations "cold bridges" will be validated by a computer code. Finally this same fluxmetric instrumentation was used in situ in the thermal analysis of the envelope under the effect of real requests. It will also enable us to see the impact of this type of construction on the power consumption
Guazzagaloppa, Jérémy. "Matériaux super-isolants thermiques à propriétés thermoélectriques intégrées." Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTS086.
Full textIn the search of new sustainable energies, the issue of energy harvesting is essential. Heat loss is involved in most of the industrial processes, thus thermoelectricity has its full role to play in this search through the Seebeck effect which consists in converting a temperature gradient into an electrical current. A good thermoelectric material requires a high electrical conductivity σ and Seebeck coefficient α and a low thermal conductivity λ. However, despite recent advances in the field, the use of conventional thermoelectric materials on a large scale becomes difficult due to their toxicity, low abundance and high cost. The development of new materials that respect environmental considerations has thus become necessary. Hence, with the emergence of a new family of materials, namely organic thermoelectric materials, based on conductive polymers and gels (aerogels/xerogels), new perspectives are now possible. In the frame of these new advances, the aim of this work is to functionalize thermal super-insulating materials with a very low thermal conductivity by adding thermoelectric properties. This was first done by numerical simulations based on density functional theory (DFT) and classical molecular dynamics (MD), via different modules included in the Materials Studio software. This allowed us to numerically represent and validate the structure of our thermal insulating material, the Resorcinol/Formaldehyde (RF) xerogel. A doping process with 5 % in iron particles was then performed using MD calculations in order to evaluate the dispersion of the charges within the RF network and to represent numerically the doped material for a future study of its thermoelectric properties via a Boltzmann formalism.In a second step, the objective was to identify the optimal synthesis protocol as a function of the different synthesis parameters and the different conductive dopants. The study of the influence of a thermal treatment by pyrolysis then allowed the improvement of the electrical conductivity of the pure material having a very low figure of merit ZT=2.7×〖10〗^(-16), (ZT=α^2 σT/λ is a measure of the efficiency of the thermoelectric conversion). A study of doping was then carried out during the gelling process according to different loading rates in order to reach a percolation threshold. A figure of merit ZT=2.4×〖10〗^(-3) was then obtained with a doping level of 60 % in graphene oxide (GO). However, this type of dopant generates a very high synthesis cost, which explain why we investigated other types of charges, namely electrically conductive fibers. In that case, we obtained a ZT= 8.0×〖10〗^(-4) with a doping level of 10 % in oxidized polyacrylonitrile fibers (PANOX). The assembly of the module and the realization of a test bench have made it possible to characterize the thermoelectric performance of our different materials. A power density of the order of 2 mW.m-2 was then obtained with the PANOX fiber-reinforced RF xerogel with a thickness of 1 cm and an surface area of 50 cm² for a temperature difference of 30°C. Thanks to this materials, we have identified an application as part of the thermal insulation of a hybrid vehicle battery in order to detect a failure associated with a vacuum loss. Finally, a study based on theoretical models has shown the interest of continuing research activities in order to improve the thermoelectric properties. We then considered the assembly of modules composed of 1000 junctions (pp) then (np) with target materials in order to reach higher power density levels of several W.m-2 and output voltages of several V to produce enough energy for the supply of auxiliaries such as sensors for example
Thomas, Benjamin. "Matériaux composites Argent/Carbone à propriétés thermiques adaptatives." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0140.
Full textDue to their high thermal conductivity, metal matrix composite materials reinforced with carbon allotropes exhibit a high potential application for thermal management in electronics. This work deals with the elaboration of new synthesis process to produce Ag/rGO (silver/reduced Graphene Oxide) and Ag/GF (silver/Graphite Flakes) composite materials. This process, based on “molecular level mixing” methods, makes it possible to obtain Ag/rGO composite powders with individualized nano-reinforcements up to a concentration of 1 % in volume. Applied to the synthesis of Ag/GF composite materials, it allows to synthesize dense composite materials with a graphite concentration up to 70 % in volume and with a thermal conductivity up to 675 Wm-1.K-1 (426 Wm-1.K-1 for pure silver). Moreover, it has been shown that Ag/GF powders elaboration process has a strong influence on the structural anisotropy of bulk materials as well as on the extrinsic thermal boundary resistance Ag-graphite. The process developed in this work allows Ag/GF composite materials to reach thermal conductivity up to 19 % higher than the same materials synthesized by conventional mixing powder process. However, like most metal/GF composite materials (with Cu, Al, Mg and Fe matrix), thermal expansion of Ag/GF composite materials shows “anomalies”. Indeed, the anisotropy of their coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) is opposed to their structural anisotropy, their CTE has an abnormally high dependence on temperature and these materials exhibit dimensional instability during thermal cycling. While it is commonly admit in literature that these “anomalies” are the consequence of internal stresses generated during materials densification (because of CTE mismatch between matrix and reinforcement), this phenomenon remains poorly understood and difficult to control. A significant part of this work is devoted to the study of these anomalies and especially to the study of the influence of matrix mechanical properties on composite materials thermal expansion. Thanks to EBSD, XRD, instrumented microhardness and microscopy analysis, key phenomena responsible of thermomechanical behavior of Ag/GF composite materials have been identified. Especially, it has been shown that a large part of the internal stresses is relaxed by plastic deformation of silver matrix and pseudo-plastic deformation of graphite during the post-densification cooling step of the materials. Thus, the control of mechanical properties of metallic matrix (especially of its elastic limit) makes it possible to attenuate the anomalies in CTE and confers a better dimensional stability to Ag / GF composite materials during thermal cycling. Finally, the addition of rGO in silver matrix of Ag/GF composites materials has also reduced material dimensional instability by up to 50 % thanks to the damping properties of rGO
Robitaille, Pierre-Olivier. "Prédiction des propriétés des matériaux énergétiques en vue de leur détection." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27847.
Full textThe fight against Improvised Explosive Devices (IEDs) is one of the greatest challenges facing modern armies. A wide range of methods have been developed over the last years in order to detect and neutralize IEDs, from classic detection methods, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), infrared spectroscopy (IR) and X-ray diffraction, to less orthodox methods using the impressive olfactory capacity of dogs, or even rats. One of the most promising techniques combines the use of electromagnetic induction, a technique used to detect the presence of metals in the soil, and Ground Penetrating Radars (GPR), which measure the dielectric constant of constituents present in the ground. Determination of the dielectric constant of various energetic materials (EMs) is therefore of interest in the fight against IEDs. This project aims at developing an effective method to predict dielectric constants of various EMs by theroretical calculations, using the Density Functional Theory (DFT) and establishing a correlation to their crystalline structure. Another aspect of this research focuses on predicting changes in crystal lattice parameters with temperature and pressure using Molecular Dynamics (MD), and comparing the predictions to values experimentally determined.
Redares, Christian. "Contribution a l'étude du comportement thermique des batiments en régime transitoire : proposition de differents modèles simplifiés." Perpignan, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PERP0007.
Full textMeukam, Pierre. "Valorisation des briques de terre stabilisées en vue de l'isolation thermique de batiments." Cergy-Pontoise, 2004. http://biblioweb.u-cergy.fr/theses/04CERG0287.pdf.
Full textIn this work, an experimental study was carried out in order to determine the properties of local materials used as construction materials. The thermal properties of lateritic soil based materials were deterrnined. The effect of addition of natural pozzolan or sawdust in lateritic soil brick on the thermal properties is examined. It was shown that the effect of incorporation of natural pozzolan or sawdust is the decreasing of the thermal conductivity and density. The moisture content of these materials can modify their thermal performance. Thus a study of the influence of the water content on the thermal conductivity L and the thermal diffusivity a is presented. The effect of the increasing of cement content is to increase the thermal conductivity and to decrease the thermal diffusivity. The composite materials used for building shielding present sufficient mechanical strength and are suitable for constructions. The analysis is developed for the prediction of the temperature, relative humidity and water content behaviour within the walls. A numerical model HMtrans, developed for prediction of heat and rnoisture transfer in multi-Iayered building cornponents, is used to simulate the temperature, moisture content and humidity profiles within the building envelopes. The results allow the prediction of the duration of the exposed building walls to the local weather conditions. There is therefore minimum possibility of water condensation in the materials studied. The durability of buiIding envelopes made of lateritic soil bricks with incorporation of natural pozzolan or sawdust is not strongly affected by the climate conditions in tropical and equatorial regions
Thomas, Matthieu. "Propriétés thermiques de matériaux composites : caractérisation expérimentale et approche microstructurale." Nantes, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NANT2075.
Full textSalome, Francis. "Contribution à l'étude de nouvelles méthodes de mesure des paramètres électriques et thermiques des matériaux : influence de l'humidité sur les propriétés électriques et thermiques des matériaux non métalliques." Lille 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986LIL10082.
Full textChamroune, Nabil. "Matériaux composites Aluminium/Carbone : architecture spécifique et propriétés thermiques adaptatives." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0140/document.
Full textMany carbon/metal composites are currently used in several applications. One of them concerns their use as heat sinks in microelectronics. Concerning this application, two conditions are required: a high thermal conductivity (TC) in order to evacuate the heat generated by the electronic chip and a coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) similar to the used material type of the electronic device (2-8×10-6 /K).Therefore, graphite flakes (GF; TC: 1000 W/m.K and CTE: -1×10-6 /K in the graphite plane) reinforced aluminum matrix (Al; TC: 217 W/m.K and CTE: 25×10-6 /K) composites were fabricated. These composite materials were fabricated by Powder Metallurgy (PM) and Flake Powder Metallurgy (FPM). This process, which consist to use a flattened metallic powder, helped to improve the in-plane orientation (perpendicular to the pressure direction) of GF under uniaxial pressure. Moreover, this process provided a better Al-C interface thanks to a planar contact between the matrix and the reinforcements. This resulted in an improvement of the CT from 400 W/m.K to 450 W/m.K for a reinforcement content of 50 vol.%. Nevertheless, regarding thermal dilation, CTEs of 21.8×10-6 /K and 21.7×10-6 /K were obtained by MP and FPM respectively, which is incompatible with the intended application.To overcome this problem, composite materials with multiple reinforcement were developed by solid-liquid phase sintering. Then, carbon fibers (CF) have been added to aluminum and graphite flakes. The addition of CF to GF reinforcement reduced significantly the CTE of the Al/(GF+CF) composites with a small proportion of CF, while preserving a high TC. In addition, the Al/(GF+FC) composite materials have significantly lower CTEs than the Al/CF composites with a equivalent vol.% of CF. Therefore, Al/(GF+CF) composite materials were developed by solid-liquid phase sintering to obtain a TC of 400 W/m.K (comparable to the TC of copper) and a CTE of 8×10-6 /K (comparable to the CTE of alumina). In addition, the lightweight of aluminum gives composite materials Al/C a low density (d = 2.4 g/cm3). Therefore, the composite materials developed in this study are promising as a lightweight heat sink in microelectronic industries
Pruja, Patrick. "Transferts thermiques à l'échelle du micron dans les matériaux à structure hétérogène : caractérisation des interfaces par microphotoréflexion modulée." Perpignan, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PERP0500.
Full textPerformances of modern materials for thermal and mechanical protection are directly related to their thermal properties on a microscopic scale. These materials often consist of a complex assembly of which it is necessary to be able to characterize and envisage ageing. The interest and the originality of this work lie in the development of two models based on the principle of photothermal microscopy by modulated photoreflexion allowing to analyse and to understand the thermal transfers on a micrometric scale in materials presenting microscopic cracks or interfaces. These heterogeneities are modelled either by a thermal contact resistance (TCR) or by a third thermal body (TTB) with non-null thickness and specific thermal properties. These two models lead to the analytical expression of the temperature field on the surface of a material submitted to a localized thermal stress and showing heterogeneities perpendicular to its surface. A sensitivity study gives the optimal experimental conditions to estimate the thermophysical parameters of the heterogeneities. The experimental results concern copper-steel, chromium-steel interfaces and microscopic cracks in chromium deposits
MALOU, ZAHIR. "Etude de l'optimisation des proprietes mecaniques et thermiques des materiaux poreux de type betons cellulaires." Cergy-Pontoise, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996CERG0013.
Full textNicolau, Vicente de Paulo. "Identification des propriétés radiatives des matériaux semi-transparents diffusants." Lyon, INSA, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ISAL0001.
Full textRadiative properties of semi-transparent scattering materials like fiberglass and silica fibers are identified, including optical thickness, albedo and a three parameter phase function model. Extinction, absorption and scattering coefficients are calculated based on optical thickness and albedo values. The phase function model is a composition of two Henyey-Greenstein and an isotropic function. The study focuses on a plane slab submitted to a normal incident collimated radiation beam. The numerical solution of the radiative transfer equation gives the values of the spectral transmittances and reflectances at the front and rear faces of the slab. An experimental set-up has also been realized to measure the spectral transmittances and reflectance under the same condition. The optical thickness is directly determined from the experimental transmittances, while the other four parameters are identified by the minimization of the sum of square errors between experimental and theoretical transmittances and reflectance. The Gauss method of linearisation associated with a fine analysis of the sensitivity coefficients has been used to determine the parameters. Two optical bench have been used: firstly a prism based monochromator and secondly a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. The radiative parameters values are presented in the 1. 5 to 15μm wavelength range. Results show that the studied materials present a high scattering with a dominant forward anisotropy
Berthou, Yannick. "Étude de parois de bâtiments passifs associant un Matériau à Changement de Phase (MCP) et une super isolation transparents." Paris, ENMP, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ENMP0109.
Full textTo reduce the environmental impact of buildings, it is a priority to develop new strategies concerning the insulation and the exploitation of the renewable energies. Xithin this context appeared the odea to design, to implement an to study a new generation of semi-transparent solar wall associating a super-insulating layer (silica aerogel) and a layer of a material ermitting the absorption, the storage and the restituion of heat (Phase Change Material). This wall was experimentally characterized in controlled atmosphere and in situ on a full-size building. Its qualities in terms of heat insulation and contribution to the energy balance and daylight were revealed. A limit of use pCM-aerogel wall was noticed in summer and on a part of the inter seasons. The PCM aerogel wallwas developed and validated. This model, coupled withTRNSYS, a software for the dynamic simulation of thermal systems, allowed to study the behavior of the wall for four cliamtesand two types of building (a residential building : an "Incas" house of the ines at Chambéry, and a building in free evolution : the experimental test cell of the CEP at Sophia Antipolis. These studies confirmed the interest of he MCP-aerogel wall for the improvement of the energy performances of the building
Faye, Mactar. "Structure interne et propriétés thermiques macroscopiques, application aux matériaux de construction." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30032/document.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to study the impact of the internal structure of isotropic granular materials on the macroscopic thermal properties. We have developed a model to solve the heat transfer problem within a heterogeneous three-dimensional material. This code is coupled with an algorithm generating random structure. After an experimental validation, we first generated granular materials and we characterized their internal structure; then we studied the impact of this structure on the thermal conductivity. We also developed a new experimental method for measuring the heat capacity area of a wall element with complex internal structure. The originality of this method is the coupling of an analytical model of heat capacity area, which is independent of the thermal properties of the constituents, and an experimental study
Bader, Mireille. "Propriétés thermiques de matériaux métallo-organiques poreux pour le stockage d'hydrogène." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Littoral, 2025. https://documents.univ-littoral.fr/access/content/group/50b76a52-4e4b-4ade-a198-f84bc4e1bc3c/BULCO/Th%C3%A8ses/UDSMM/137780_BADER_2025_archivage.zip.
Full textWhile hydrogen represents a clean energy carrier, it poses storage challenges due to its low density. The use of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), which are crystalline structures with high porosity and surface area, allows efficient hydrogen adsorption at the molecular level. This thesis focuses on exploring the thermal properties of MOFs MIL-101 (Cr) and MIL-101 (Fe), and their association with reduced graphene oxide (rGO), for applications in hydrogen storage. The thermal properties analyzed, crucial to maintain efficient hydrogen storage and release, are heat capacity, thermal effusivity, thermal conductivity, and thermal diffusivity. The inclusion of rGO was investigated as a means to improve these properties, as it has excellent thermal conductivity and high structural stability. Experimental synthesis and characterization of MOF/rGO composites were performed and the results demonstrated different performances for each MOF despite a comparable structure, the metal center being different. The MIL-101 (Cr) has better porosity and higher thermal conductivity than the MIL-101 (Fe). On the other hand, the performances of the MIL-101 (Fe) with reduced graphene oxide are better and more stable because of the homogeneity and proper dispersion of the rGO due to realization of the composite by synthesis instead of physical assembly as in the case of the MIL-101 (Cr)
Fayette, Sylvain. "Conduction thermique dans les matériaux hétérogènes, influence des joints de grains." Limoges, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LIMOA001.
Full textHenry, Briot Emmanuelle. "Nouveaux matériaux et nouvelles orientations pour application aux ondes de surface." Besançon, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BESA2086.
Full textHamdami, Nasser. "Congélation de produits poreux : application à des produits alimentaires." Nantes, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NANT2071.
Full textCapsal, Jean-Fabien. "Elaboration et analyse des propriétés physiques de nanocomposites hybrides ferroélectriques." Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/835/.
Full textThe piezoelectric activity of a hybrid ferroelectric nanocomposite, i. E. Polyamide 11/ Barium Titanate (BT), has been investigated for different loadings of BT particles. The BT volume fraction (phi) was ranging from 0. 024 to 0. 4 with a particle size of 50 nm, 100 nm, 300 nm and 700 nm. The influence of polarization mode on the piezoelectric behaviour has been studied. The magnitude of the poling field used in this study is in the same order of magnitude of the one used for bulk BT i. E. Significantly lower than for piezoelectric polymers. The optimum piezoelectric coefficient is reached when the amorphous phase of the polymeric matrix is in the liquid state i. E. ; for a polarization temperature higher than the glass transition and for time constant allowing macromolecular mobility. The composite piezoelectric activity decreases for particles size lower than 300 nm due to the loss of the tetragonal phase. The nanotexture of these particles has been investigated by TEM and HRTEM. A core shell structure has been observed. An increase of the longitudinal piezoelectric strain coefficient d33 with the raising of BT volume fraction was shown. Contrary to inorganic piezoelectric ceramics, the dielectric permittivity of hybrid composites remains moderate although the piezoelectric voltage coefficient of composites is bigger than ceramics
Verhaeghe, Benjamin. "Allègement de céramiques pour les arts de la table : Influence de la porosité sur les caractéristiques mécaniques et thermiques." Valenciennes, 2010. http://ged.univ-valenciennes.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/1b47986d-2f67-4418-beb9-e4762561eded.
Full textIn this study, porous ceramics are developed and mechanically and thermally characterized. The ceramic matrix is based on a silicoaluminate material then after densified by sintering. The nature of the ceramic material and sintering cycle is unique through all this work. Porosity is obtained by adding to the ceramic paste various organic porous agents calibrated in sizes and shapes. Total porosity rate is between 8 and 30%. Several preparation routes are tested allowing the control of the porosity quality. Heterogeneous porosity is obtained by mixing spray dried siliocaluminate powder with pore-forming agent. The obtained porosities are mainly distributed around the spray dried agglomerates. A relatively homogeneous porosity is provided by an innovative process: A particular porogen agent is introduced within the slurry before spray-drying and leads to specific microstructure consisting in pores (10μm) localized inside the aggregates, while a small amount of porosity remains between them. The mechanical properties (compression, bending, toughness) and thermal properties (thermal diffusivity) are determined and analyzed in regards to porous phases qualities. Meanwhile, various finite element modeling are developed to describe the impact of porosity on the mechanical and thermal properties. Several models of porosity are chosen as close as the experimentally realized porosities. The experimental mechanical and thermal characteristics are compared with modeling results
Petroni, Laeticia. "Étude du comportement post-coulée de réfractaires électrofondus à Très Haute Teneur en Zircone : thtz." Paris, ENMP, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00657812.
Full textThis work has been carried out in the frame of a French national research program on new refractories for glass production (NOREV) and focussed on the numerical simulation of the post-casting cooling of fused-cast refractories with a very high zirconia content (HZ). A numerical model of the cooling-down sequence of a tile has been developed from thermal measurements performed in a mould during a casting on industrial site. This calculation allowed the time positioning, for each location in the tile, of the physical phenomena occurring during cooling: solidification, creep and phase transformation of zirconia. Isothermal and non-isothermal mechanical tests allowed the constitutive equations of creep (isotropic hardening) and during zirconia transformation (Leblond transformation-induced viscoplasticity model). From the thermal loadings, the thermal stresses induced by cooling have been calculated, as well as the residual stresses remaining at room temperature. The phase transformation of zirconia, which induces a 4% volume swelling, seems to be the most critical physical phenomenon for both types of stresses. The performed parametric studies proved the interest of the numerical model as a tool for improving the process by varying different parameters: cast material properties, mould shape, properties of its constituents,. .
Godin, Alexandre. "Estimation sur des bases orthogonales des propriétés thermiques de matériaux hétérogènes à propriétés constantes par morceaux." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00821884.
Full textNovellani, Marc. "Etude expérimentale et numérique des empilements de fibres : structure et propriétés thermiques." Aix-Marseille 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX11058.
Full textLallam, Abdelaziz. "Corrélations entre les propriétés thermomécaniques de films diélectriques plastiques et les caractéristiques de composants passifs." Lyon 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985LYO19054.
Full textAmici, Marco. "Hybrid Inorganic / Organic polymers based on methacrylate - polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS®) : morphology and structure - properties relationships." Lyon, INSA, 2006. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2006ISAL0004/these.pdf.
Full textNovel hybrid inorganic/organic systems based on methacrylate and polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS ®) have been synthesised and characterised. The synthesis has been performed via either thermally or UV free-radical polymerization. Chemical characterisation has been done with NMR, NIR and SEC. The POSS have been found to be polymerizable with the organic monomers once a good dispersion is ensured. Structure and morphology, characterised by means of SEM, TEM, AFM and WAXS, have been shown to be mainly dependent on the dispersion of the POSS in the organic matrix. Depending on the POSS grade and concentration, one could obtain a wide array of structure-morphologies, from micro-aggregates to a very fine dispersion, probably to the molecular level. In turn, these different morphologies have an influence on the properties of the final systems. Thermal, thermomechanical and mechanical properties have been analysed. The POSS have been shown to change the crosslinking density of the thermosetting networks, while, in thermoplastic systems, the properties of the hybrid systems have been largely influenced by the nature of the organic ligands borne by the POSS
Rakotovelo, Andriaminosoa Martin. "Contribution à la validation des méthodes de prévision du rochet thermique dans les structures métalliques." Lyon, INSA, 1998. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/1998ISAL0027/these.pdf.
Full textThis work concerns the steady state assessment in the metallic structures subjected to thermomecanical cyclic loadings in biaxial stress state. The effect of the short time mechanical overloads is also investigated. The first chapter is devoted to a bibliographic research concerning the behaviour of the materials and the structures in the cyclic plasticity. Some works related to the experimental aspect as well as the numerical one for the steady state assessment of such structures are presented. The experimental part of the study is presented in the second chapter. The experimental device was carried out in order to prescribe tension and torsion forces combined with cyclic thermal loading. Some tests was then carried out, among these tests certain include some overloads in tension or torsion. The last chapter describes the numerical calculations using different models (linear isotropic hardening, linear kinematic hardening and elastoviscoplastic Chaboche’s model) and the application of some simplified methods for the ratchetting assessment in the structures. We have considered two categories of methods. The first one is based on an elastic analysis (Bree’s diagram, 3 Sm rule, efficiency rule) and the second one combines elastic analysis and elastoplastic analysis of the first cycle (Gatt’s and Taleb’s methods). The results of this study have enabled: • to validate in the biaxial stress state an expression which takes into account the effect of mechanical short time overloads. • to test the performances of considered models to describe the evolution of the structure during the first cycle and to take into account the effect of short time overloads. Among the considered models, the elastoplastic Chaboche’s model seems to be the most accurate to describe the structure’s behaviour during the first cycles. • to validate some simplified methods. Certain methods based only on elastic analysis (Bree’s diagram and efficiency rule) seem not suitable for the considered kind of structure. On the other hand, Gatt’s and Taleb’s methods give some conservative predictions
Zayat, Kamel Afif. "Contribution à l’étude au choc du béton et mortier de fibres." Lyon, INSA, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ISAL0021.
Full textThis research concerns the experimental and theoretical examination of the behaviour law mortar reinforced by the amorphous cast iron fibre under mono-axially compression impulse and static charge under 4 points bending tests. In the first part, we realize the experimental study in static compression to establish the relation between stress and strain and the behaviour degradation's law of material. We develop a numerical method which can treat the experimental measurement and obtain the relation between the stress and the strain until the rupture. The last part concerns the theoretical approach of the phenomenon of waves reflections and waves propagation through the non-homogenous medium. The exploitation of the numerical model can valorous the treatment of the experimental results and understand the different physical mechanisms developed during the shock. In conclusion, we compare our results with experimental ones given from other research and we establish the rôle played by the fibres in case of shock solicitation
Ahmat, Charfadine Mahamat. "Etude expérimentale des propriétés thermophysiques des matériaux locaux du Tchad : application au confort thermique de l'habitat." Lyon 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LYO10021.
Full textBour, Yves. "Matériaux composites à fibres courtes : Relation entre facteur d'orientation et propriétés mécaniques et thermiques." Metz, 1999. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1999/Bour.Yves.SMZ9906.pdf.
Full textThe behavior of short fibers composite materials depends strongly of the orientation of the fibers. Using magnetic fields, anisotropic composite materials have been elaborated which contained up to 20 vol% of carbon fibers. One aim was to gain a better understanding of the process of orientation in the magnetic field. A model has been formulated to describe the movement of a single fiber which is exposed to a static and an oscillating magnetic field. Other parameters such as viscosity of the liquid polymer, temperature and fiber length were examined as well. The degree of anisotropy of the materials is measured by microscopy coupled to an optical imaging system, this work leading to define a procedure of filtering the image in order to obtain precisely the fiber orientation distribution (function). As well as the thermal conductivity was measured which is related to the three-dimensional orientation. The results from optical and thermal measurements correlate well, but the theoretical models to interpret the thermal conductivity are not yet reliable enough to allow the degree of orientation to be reduced from the measurements. Regarding the mechanical properties the increase of the YOUNG's modulus was measured and correlated with the fiber orientation distribution. Between the mechanical models tested some are found to agree well with the experiments
Beaumale, Marine. "Substitution, Intercalation et Non-stœchiométrie dans les matériaux thermoélectriques TiS2 densifiés par SPS." Caen, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CAEN2006.
Full textTiS2 compound has high electrical properties however, from a thermoelectric point of view, its thermal conductivity must be significantly reduced in order to obtain a ZT value close to bismuth telluride compound. Its low dimensional crystallographic structure allows on one hand, the intercalation of cations and, on the other hand, the substitution of Ti by heavier cations in TiS2 layers, suggesting that its lattice thermal conductivity can be modulated. Solid solutions Ti1-xTaxS2 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0. 4) and Ti1-xNbxS2 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0. 1) were synthesized and densified by SPS. The partial substitution of titanium by an heavy element led to a significant decrease of the lattice thermal conductivity through a mass fluctuation effect. For example, in the Ti1-xNbxS2 serie, beyond 400 K, the ZT values of doped compounds (0. 01 ≤ x ≤ 0. 05) are clearly better than the one of TiS2 : ZT is improved by 60 %. Bulk polycrystalline samples in the series Ti1+xS2 (x = 0 to 0. 05) were also prepared and densified by Spark Plasma Sintering. For x = 0, a Seebeck coefficient of -300 μV/K is firstly observed for TiS2 compound. The decrease in electrical resistivity and Seebeck coefficient that occurs upon Ti intercalation (Ti off stoichiometry) supports the view that charge carrier transfer to the Ti 3d band takes place and the carrier concentration increases. At the same time, the thermal conductivity is reduced by phonon scattering due to structural disorder induced by Ti intercalation. Optimum ZT values of 0. 48 at 700 K is obtained for x = 0. 025. Finally, thermoelectric modules have been made using our densified materials showing their ability to convert heat into electricity
Imbert, Claire. "Matériaux à propriétés mécaniques et thermiques améliorées sous pression hydrostatique en utilisation aquatique." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON20019.
Full textMaterials nowadays used for thermal insulation in aquatic environment under hydrostatic pressure are either rubber flexible foams or rigid foams, especially syntactic foams, depending on depth. These flexible materials were analyzed through classical mechanical and thermal tests. However, methods and results were adapted to the final usage of the product, particularly to the aquatic environment at the surface and under depth. Relationships between structures and properties characteristics were studied to define appropriate properties within relevant criteria. Moreover, to underline thermal properties under hydrostatic pressure, a testing instrument has been developed: an innovating hyperbaric test chamber, dedicated to under water pressure thermal resistance and thickness measurements, from 0 to 50 m depth. Strengths and weak points of these classical materials have been clearly established. Results analysis lead to a new concept of composite material for the defined usage. This innovating material, a syntactic foam, has been developed. By varying the particle type added to a thermoplastic elastomer matrix, the cellular structure has been refined in order to obtain a similar behaviour in aquatic environment, at the surface like in depth. This material has been tested, parallel to its industrial production, to identify relationships between structures and properties
Huguet-Chantôme, Pascal. "Mesure de propriétés thermiques de matériaux diélectriques en couches minces par optique guidée." Aix-Marseille 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX30084.
Full textWe study the thermal properties of dielectric thin-film materials. To achieve this goal, we use guided optic techniques based on the prism coupler (m-lines). The thermo-optical coefficients of different thin-film materials are measured. These measurements are applied to the analysis and simulation of interference filters' spectral shift with temperature. The totally reflecting prism coupler, in a two-beam pump-and-probe set-up, allows the detection, in harmonic regime, of photo-induced index modifications in a thin film as low as 10 -8. These index variations are due to the temperature increase created by the absorption of a small part of the pump beam in the film. Their distribution in the film is related to the film's thermal properties (conductivity, specific heat). A two-dimensional model of the heat conduction in the prism coupler has been developped, with a good qualitative agreement between calculations and measurements. The measurements performed on different samples are also compared
Claudet, Bernard. "Métrologie par interférométrie holographique de champs thermiques aux interfaces de matériaux soumis à un choc thermique." Perpignan, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PERP0216.
Full textRose, Nathalie. "Étude de la dégradation thermique et du comportement au feu de résines époxydes utilisées dans l'aéronautique." Lille 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LIL10008.
Full textSakami, Driss. "Contribution à l'étude des propriétés thermiques des couches minces métalliques : effets de la microstructure." Nantes, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NANT2087.
Full textDiab, Yasser. "Étude et modélisation des supercondensateurs : applications aux systèmes de puissance." Lyon 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO10042.
Full textThe aim of this work is to analyze quantitatively the supercapacitors performance (capacitance, ESR, self-discharge. . . ), which are made by different technologies under constraints ; thermal and electrical. Different supercapacitors parameters are charactezed by the help of different techniques as impedance spectroscopy, voltamperometry, and charging/discharging cycles. The supercapacitors modelling have been conducted by several complementary models. These models are compared in time and frequency domain with various experimental tests. A new model of the self-discharge was established. All the life expectancy energetic efficiency and balancing time are compared for different balancing circuits and typical applications. The whole of this wordk has helped to investigate the supercapacitors behaviour applied in series demonstrating their reliability, the balancing time and the total energy efficiency of the system
Lassalle, Maxime. "Structure électronique et propriétés thermoélectriques des skuttérudites." Lille 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LIL10201.
Full textLes caracterisations experimentales ne revelent aucun ordre apparent dans la repartition des deux metaux de transition. Ce desordre se traduit par la fluctuation des charges portees par les atomes de fer et d'antimoine. Dans le dernier chapitre, nous calculons les coefficients de transport des materiaux sur la base de nos calculs de structure de bandes pour les coefficients de transport d'origine electronique, et a partir d'un modele de champ de forces pour la conductivite thermique de reseau. Nous obtenons une description correcte de la figure de merite et des evolutions de celle-ci en fonction de l'evolution des parametres de la structure electronique. La conductivite thermique de reseau est modelisee pour les composes cosb 3, fe 0. 5ni 0. 5sb 3 et cefe 4sb 1 2 (skutterudite remplie) nous permettant de souligner l'important de souligner l'importance des phonons optiques et des defauts ponctuels (alliages, atomes d'insertion) pour le transport thermique
Nana, Koumtoudji Lecomte Gisèle Laure. "Transformations thermiques, organisation structurale et frittage des composés kaolinite-muscovite." Limoges, 2004. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/1f887c04-ebcd-4780-a15c-aee018af90f2/blobholder:0/2004LIMO0034.pdf.
Full textEl, boukhari Mohamed. "« Analyse expérimentale du comportement mécanique et thermiqued'un béton et d'un mortier allégés par des grignons d'olives : Application au bâtiment »." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Reims, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023REIMS040.
Full textThe management of agricultural waste and the promotion of sustainable building materials offer many considerable benefits. By integrating sustainable practices into the construction sector, we have the ability to reduce our ecological footprint by limiting the excessive exploitation of natural resources. The research conducted in this study aims to develop a lightweight structural concrete and cement mortar using organic olive pomace aggregates. Two types of aggregates were used, depending on whether they were mixed with or without olive mill wastewater. The main objective of this study is to experimentally evaluate the mechanical and thermal properties of lightened concrete and mortar specimens in comparison with ordinary concrete and mortar specimens. They were prepared using dry and saturated olive pomace aggregates, with a percentage substitution of natural sand ranging from 0% to 15%. The results showed that the optimal formulation for producing lightweight concrete consists of 5% dry olive pomace aggregates mixed with olive mill wastewater. This formulation offers better mechanical properties, including a compressive strength of 25 MPa, a tensile strength of 4.61 MPa, and a dynamic modulus of elasticity of 44.39 GPa. Additionally, the resulting material has a reduced dry bulk density, leading to a decrease of approximately 5.69% compared to the reference concrete. For cement mortar, the best results were obtained with a mixture containing 5% dry olive pomace aggregates mixed with olive mill wastewater. The results showed a marginal effect on compressive strength (Rc), reaching 33.50 MPa after 28 days of curing. However, for both concrete and mortar, microstructural analysis revealed weak adhesion between olive pomace aggregates and the cement matrix at the Interfacial Transition Zone. Experimental tests also showed that increasing the content of olive pomace aggregates reduces the ultrasound propagation velocity and the dynamic modulus of elasticity of lightweight concrete and mortar, as well as their workability, while increasing their porosity.As regards the thermal properties of the developed materials, the incorporation of olive pomace aggregates led to an improvement in thermal resistance. In the case of lightweight concrete with 5% of dry olive pomace aggregates mixed with olive mill wastewater, the thermal conductivity (λ) decreased from 1.3 W/m·K (for the control specimen) to 0.86 W/m·K. In the case of cement mortar containing 5% of dry olive pomace aggregates mixed with olive mill wastewater, the thermal conductivity (λ) decreased from 1.1 W/m·K (control specimen) to 0.87 W/m·K. In conclusion, this study revealed that the materials developed and tested under laboratory conditions meet the required standards for general use in construction