Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Matériaux élastiques anisotropes'
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Mallah, Mustapha. "Les ondes élastiques de surfaces dans les matériaux anisotropes semi-infinis ou multicouches." Le Mans, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LEMA1005.
Full textVu, Mai Ba. "Contribution à la caractérisation des milieux (visco-)élastiques anisotropes et hétérogènes : application au tissu osseux." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00674157.
Full textWillot, François. "Contribution à l'étude théorique de la localisation plastique dans les poreux." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00134643.
Full textFrund, Jean-Michel. "Propriétés visco-élastiques des matériaux composites : Modélisation visco-élastique endomagée et validation expérimentale." Besançon, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990BESA2015.
Full textRenault, Amélie. "Caractérisation mécanique dynamique de matériaux poro-visco-élastiques." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2008. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1915.
Full textGeslain, Alan. "Anisotropie naturelle et induite des matériaux poreux : étude expérimentale et modélisation." Phd thesis, Université du Maine, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00718301.
Full textVacossin, Bruno. "Interaction d'un faisceau ultrasonore avec un défaut de dimension finie dans un matériau stratifié anisotrope." Compiègne, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008COMP1739.
Full textThe interaction between an acoustic ultrasonic bounded beam and a multilayered structure immersed in a fluid has been studied. The structure is composed of two anisotropic elastic layers. When the structure is sound, the real structure shows a bonded finite length crack, localised on this internal interface. The aim of this study is to propose a numerical simulation in order to estimate in what extend the analysis of the ultrasonic beam restored by the structure is able to detect the presence of the crack. The representation of the beam uses plane wave decomposition and requires fast Fourier transforms. Kirchhoff’s approximation is introduced. Then the crack is treated as a passive transducer. Numeral studies are proposed in order to estimate in what circumstances crack could be detected. Lamb wave generation could improve the detection
Giroud, Patrick. "Modélisation et asymptotique des coques élastiques." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE10181.
Full textAmri, Fouad El. "Contribution à la modélisation élastique anisotrope du matériau bois-feuillus et résineux." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NAN10170.
Full textLebail, Hervé. "Caractérisations microscopiques et tomographiques de microstructures de matériaux composites et étude des relations aux propriétés élastiques associées." Lyon, INSA, 2001. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2001ISAL0073/these.pdf.
Full textThe modelling of the elastic macroscopic behaviour of heterogeneous materials with the help of homogenization methods are able to take quantitatively into account some descriptive information of their microstructures. These data are obtained more and more precisely thanks to recent resolution’s progress in microscopic (2D) and tomographic (3D) characterization techniques. From the morphological analysis of the microstructure, access is allowed to the modelling parameters. This is the subject matter of this thesis, either for specifically elaborated multiphase materials (“model materials” in the sense of their controlled morphology) and common-used industrial materials, for which one characterizes their structure at a proper scale and measures their overall elasticity properties by ultrasonic methods. The use of the concepts and methods of mathematical morphology provides s statistical description which is used in order to calculate from the model (bounds and estimates) the associated elastic behaviour. One analyses the relative effects of the microstructural parameters on the obtained results from this two approaches, experimental and theoretical, with the help, in particular, of numerical simulations and alternative homogenisation methods by fast Fourier transform calculation. This study deals with the notions of homogeneity / heterogeneity and isotropy / anisotropy of spatial phase repartition, in the case of 2-phase and multi-phase materials. From these analyses, the different homogenisation methods are questioned their respective limitation are discussed
Benmehrez, Youssef. "Contribution de l'inversion des réponses V(Z) à la caractérisation élastique des matériaux." Valenciennes, 2002. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/c2d7c066-3fe9-4800-a49d-0515b16a92b9.
Full textThe purpose of the following study is to determine a processing method of the experimental V(z) signal obtained on flat samples (plates and substrates). The so-called V(z) signal corresponds to the sum over the surface of the focalised transducer of the reflected field. This signal depends on the z-defocus which is the distance between the interface of the sample and the focus. The inversion process operated on the V(z) signal gives the reflectance coefficient R(0,f) in the range of the frequency bandwidth and for all angles included in the half-aperture of the transducer. These R-coefficients have singularities closely linked to the generation of surface wave in the sampleand and are dependant on the elastic constants C. This lead to the definition of a minimization function which is a sum of quadric terms corresponding to the difference between the measured R-coefficient and the simulated one versus the elastic constants. This function defined in the C space gets a sharp trace in the vicinity of the solution. In the isotropic case a single minimization function gives the evaluation of the elastic constants, whereas for both the cubic and hexagonal case two minimization functions are required, each giving the evaluation of a bunch of constants. The optimization algorithm (simplex method) is a local searching method. Thus, we need to have an approximate range value of the searched elastic constants in order to initialize the algorithm. A graphical method is proposed for this purpose. The validation is carried out for plates of different symmetries: glass (isotropic), silicon (cubic) and fibers-composition (hexagonal). The limitations of this method are also discussed in the case of substrates
Hammade, Abdel Aziz. "Étude expérimentale du comportement d'un matériau anisotrope (schiste ardoisier) : caractérisation de la rupture et détermination des paramètres élastiques." Lille 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LIL10154.
Full textNoel, Matthieu. "Modélisation déterministe et probabiliste de la rupture par champ de phase et identification expérimentale pour la fissuration des structures en bois dans l’ameublement." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Gustave Eiffel, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UEFL2061.
Full textIn the furniture industry, ensuring the safety of structures in accordance with European standards presents a significant challenge for furniture manufacturers. Before commercialization, furniture are subjected to standardized validation tests, which only allow for a retrospective understanding of its mechanical behavior. This thesis aims to develop modeling and numerical simulation tools to predict the cracking failure mechanism at the connections between furniture elements. To achieve this objective, the methodological approach combines modeling and numerical simulation with experimental testing. It employs the finite element method coupled with phase-field fracture/damage models to simulate cracking in linear elastic isotropic and anisotropic materials within a deterministic and probabilistic framework. An experimental testing campaign is conducted on perforated spruce wood samples subjected to uniaxial compression to reproduce the cracking mechanisms observed in real structures, particularly in the connections of high loft beds. An identification procedure is developed and implemented to characterize the elastic and damage properties of spruce wood, in particular by exploiting experimental displacement field measurements obtained through digital image correlation. A method for accelerating phase-field damage simulations is proposed to reduce their high computational cost. This approach allows for the prediction, independently of the type of connections, of the displacement or critical force preceding crack initiation. The numerical results indicate that, provided realistic boundary conditions are applied and the material properties are correctly identified, the crack initiation criterion is useful for predicting the location of potentially damaged/cracked areas and providing a consistent order of magnitude of the force or displacement required to initiate cracking. This criterion only requires a single linear elastic simulation, followed by a post-processing with a phase-field damage model, to facilitate its use in an industrial context, in particular the furniture sector. The numerical tools developed, available in open source, could help furniture manufacturers to predict brittle fracture in wood and optimize furniture design, while guaranteeing compliance with safety standards
Ntenga, Richard. "Modélisation multi-échelles et caractérisation de l'anisotropie élastique de fibres végétales pour le renforcement de matériaux composites." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CLF21759.
Full textMoussu, Florent. "Développement d'une méthode de détermination des constantes élastiques d'un matériau orthotrope." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPL033N.
Full textNtenga, Richard. "Modélisation multi-échelle et caractérisation de l'anisotropie élastique de fibres végétales pour le renforcement de matériaux composites." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00718126.
Full textParra, Martinez Juan Pablo. "On multilayered system dynamics and waves in anisotropic poroelastic media." Doctoral thesis, KTH, VinnExcellence Center for ECO2 Vehicle design, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-195801.
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Pellegrino, Antonio. "Comportement fragile des roches : dégradation des propriétés élastiques et anisotropie induite par les contraintes." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1995. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00523151.
Full textCiza, Ferdinand. "Détermination du module réversible des matériaux granulaires à l'aide de l'essai pressiométrique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28084/28084.pdf.
Full textOne reason for the premature deterioration of roads in North America is inadequate mechanical properties of materials. Given the limited information on the anisotropic behavior of granular materials in the literature, the « Service des matériaux d’infrastructure du ministère des Transports du Québec » agreed to support the project (GE-004-09) which relates to the determination of resilient modulus of granular materials used to build the foundations of roads. Studies show that the resilient modulus of pavement soils is a key parameter for the design and analysis of paved asphalt roads. According to the design method (AASHTO, 2002), the different layers of the pavement structure are dimensioned so that the infrastructure layer remains within tolerated limits of elastic deformations. In order to determine the resilient modulus, triaxial and pressuremeter tests were performed in the facilities of the « Ministère des transports du Québec ». Pressuremeter tests were carried out in a mold compactor, designed specifically for vertical and horizontal testing. The results of pressuremeter tests differ from those (13 kg of granular material) of the triaxial tests. Values obtained from the pressuremeter tests on representative road material (72 kg), demonstrate the existence of structural anisotropy in the foundation and subgrade sections. It appears that the anisotropic ratio (Er/Ez) is roughly equal to 15%, which is consistent with results obtained by Tutumluer et al., (2003). Finally the pressuremeter test is very promising because, not only does it allows for the determination of anisotropy, but also allows the engineer to develop confidence in the results due to the shape of the pressure-volume curve.
DANIEL, Laurent. "Modélisation multi-échelle du comportement magnéto-mécanique des matériaux ferromagnétiques texturés." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004619.
Full textUn modèle multi-échelle, considérant successivement l'équilibre d'un domaine magnétique, d'un monocristal (ou grain), et d'un volume élémentaire représentatif est proposé. Ce modèle est appliqué à un alliage de fer-silicium dont on a préalablement caractérisé le comportement magnéto-élastique à l'aide d'un dispositif expérimental spécifique.
Les résultats obtenus montrent d'une part la très forte anisotropie du comportement couplé, et, d'autre part l'importance de l'état de contraintes et de la présence de surfaces libres sur le comportement magnéto-élastique. Ces effets sont intégrés au modèle.
Quelques applications ou extensions du modèle sont enfin abordées. Elles concernent notamment l'étude de l'effet de la plasticité sur le comportement magnétique ou la détermination d'une contrainte uniaxiale équivalente pour les propriétés magnétiques.
Hu, Lianxin. "Micromechanics of granular materials : Modeling anisotropy by a hyperelastic-plastic model." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSEI133.
Full textIn order to model the behavior of geometarials under complex loadings, several researches have done numerous experimental works and established relative constitutive models for decades. An important feature of granular materials is that the relationship between stress and strain especially in elastic domain is not linear, unlike the responses of typical metal or rubber. It has been also found that the stress-strain response of granular materials shows the characteristics of cross-anisotropy, as well as the non-linearities. Besides, the stress-induced anisotropy occurs expectedly during the process of disturbance on soils, for example, the loads or displacements. In this work, a new model which is a combination of Houlsby hyperelastic model and elastoplastic Plasol model was proposed. This new model took into account the non-linear response of stress and strain in both elastic and plastic domain, and the anisotropic elasticity was also well considered. Moreover, the overflow problem of plastic strain in plastic part was calibrated by a proper integration algorithm. Later, new model was verified by using numerical method and compared with laboratory experiments in axisymmetric triaxial conditions. The comparison results showed a good simulation effect of new model which just used one single set of parameters for a specific soil in different confining pressure situations. Then the analysis of new model internal variable, i.e., pressure exponent, illustrated that the value of pressure exponent which corresponds to the degree of anisotropy had an obvious effect on the stress-strain response. Moreover, this kind of effect is also affected by the density and drainage condition of samples. Basing on new model, a safety factor which refers to the second-order work criterion was adopted and tested in axisymmetric model and actual slope model. It showed that the negative value or dramatic decreasing of global normalized second-order work occurs accompanying with a local or global failure with a burst of kinetic energy. This feature of second-order work can also be affected by the variable pressure exponent. At last, new model was also compared with an elastoplastic model which considers both anisotropic elastic and anisotropic dilatancy, i.e., modified SANISAND model. Both advantages and disadvantages were illustrated in the comparison results
Ponge, Marie-Fraise. "Propagation d'ondes élastiques dans des multicouches autosimilaires : application aux composites stratifiés renforcés de fibres de carbone." Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1677/.
Full textFiber reinforced composites are more and more used in industry. The association of their draping properties with self-similarity allows to create innovative materials. Elastic wave propagation in such media is numerically and experimentally studied. The Cantor's set and the Fibonacci sequence generate self-similar structures. Moreover, stratified fiber reinforced composites are constituted by a draping of orthotropic plies. Multilayered Cantor and Fibonacci stacks are manufactured. Self-similarity is applied on geometry and on plies orientation. Periodic, disordered and self-similar structures are compared thanks to a unidirectional numerical model based on a transfer matrix formalism. It shows that stacks self-similarity influences the acoustic transmission properties. Self-similar stacks transmission coefficient presents a self-similar shape and behavior. It is demonstrated that self-similar structures possess periodic and disordered media properties. They combine band-gaps and localization phenomena. Ordered and self-similar samples are then experimentally compared through ultrasonic measures. Experimental transmission coefficients, phase velocities end attenuations indicate that the more disorder there is, the lower the global transmission is and the higher the intrinsic attenuation is. Finally, elastic waves propagation is computed thanks to the stiffness matrix algorithm. It is shown that self-similar structures create deterministic irregularities enhancing the drop of the acoustic transmission and the increase of attenuation. The homothetic dimension allows to adapt the ratio between heterogeneities and wavelength to optimize the self-similar stacks
Tran, Nam Hung. "Hydro-mechanical behavior of deep tunnels in anisotropic poroelastic medium." Thesis, Orléans, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ORLE2037/document.
Full textDeep tunnels are often built in the sedimentary and metamorphic foliated rocks which exhibits usually the anisotropic properties due to the presence of the discontinuity. The analysis of rock and liner stresses due to tunnel construction with the assumption of homogeneous and isotropic rock would be incorrect. The present thesis aims to deal with the deep tunnel in anisotropic rock with a particular emphasis on the effects of hydraulic phenomenon on the mechanical responses or reciprocal effects of hydraulic and mechanical phenomena by combining analytical and numerical approach. On that point of view, a closed-formed solution for tunnel excavated in saturated anisotropic ground is developed taking into account the hydromechanical coupling in steady-state. Based on the analytical solution obtained, parametric studies are conducted to evaluate the effects of different parameters of the anisotropic material on the tunnel behavior. The thesis considers also to extend the analytical solution with a time-dependent behavior which takes into account the impact of the pore pressure distribution on mechanical response over time, i.e., one way coupling modeling. In addition, some numerical analysis based on fully-coupled modeling, i.e., two ways coupling, are conducted which are considered as the complete solution for the analytical solution. An application of the closed-form solution on convergence-confinement method is as well referred which can take into account the influence of the tunnel face on the work of the support as well as the massif. The obtained solution could be used as a quick tool to calibrate tunnels in porous media by combining with design approaches such as convergence-confinement method
Phung, Ngoc-lam. "Fatigue sous très faibles amplitudes de contrainte : Analyse des mécanismes précurseurs de l’amorçage de fissures dans le cuivre polycristallin." Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ENAM0013/document.
Full textAbstract : This work aims to better understanding mechanisms leading to crack initiation in ductile single phase metals such as pure copper, loaded stress amplitudes lower than the conventional fatigue threshold and after about 109 cycles, the so-called Very High Cycle Fatigue regime. Tests were conducted using an ultrasonic technique at loafing frequency of 20 kHz. The mechanisms leading to crack initiation express (1) via slip bands at the specimen surface and (2) via self-heating due to intrinsic dissipation. Thermal maps were used to estimate the mean dissipation and its change with number of cycles and stress amplitudes. At the same time, the surface relief changes were characterized using optical, scanning electronic and atomic force microscopes. The stress amplitude required to observe the slip bands was found to decrease as a function of number of cycles. EBSD investigations combined with finites elements simulations accounting for elastic anisotropy of copper revealed the key role of (1) twin boundaries and (2) cross slip in slip band initiation.Keywords : Very High Cycle Fatigue, Slip bands, Cyclic microplasticity, Dissipation, Elastic anisotropy, Multicrystals simulation, Infrared thermography
Aivaliotis, Alexios. "Propagation et diffusion des ondes au niveau macroscopique des métamatériaux limites via le modèle micromorphique relaxé." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEI073.
Full textMechanical microstructured metamaterials are increasingly gaining attention from the scientific and engineering community. The question of modeling the behavior of metamaterials is of extreme importance. Some choose an approach, which is reminiscent of the classical theory of elasticity: enriched continuum mechanics. We employ the enriched continuum model named relaxed micromorphic model in order to study wave propagation and scattering at interfaces between materials and metamaterials. Dealing with the correct boundary conditions at the macroscopic scale becomes challenging. We show how finite-domain boundary value problems can be set-up in the framework of the relaxed micromorphic model. We set up the full plane wave solution of the scattering from an interface separating a Cauchy medium from a relaxed micromorphic one. Both media are isotropic and semi-infinite. Generalized macroscopic boundary conditions are presented, which allow the effective description of the scattering properties of an interface between a homogeneous solid and a mechanical metamaterial. The associated generalized energy flux is introduced. We show that the contrast of the macroscopic stiffnesses of the two media, together with the type of boundary conditions strongly influence the onset of Stoneley waves at the interface. This allows to tailor the scattering properties of the interface at both low and high frequencies, ranging from zones of complete transmission to zones of zero transmission well beyond the band-gap. We then consider a bulk wave propagation problem and show that the transient waveforms arising from several localised pulses in a micro-structured material can be reproduced. We compare the dynamic response of a bounded micro-structured material to that of bounded continua with special kinematic properties. We show that, while the Cauchy theory is able to describe the overall behavior of the metastructure only at low frequencies, the relaxed micromorphic model goes far beyond by giving a correct description of the pulse propagation in the frequency bandgap and at frequencies intersecting the optical branches. Finally, we present the case of a metamaterial slab of finite width. Its scattering properties are studied via a semi-analytical solution of the relaxed micromorphic model and compared to numerical simulations encoding all details of the selected microstructure. The reflection coefficient obtained via the two methods is presented as a function of the frequency and the direction of propagation of the incident wave. We find excellent agreement for a large range of frequencies. The case of a semi-infinite metamaterial is also presented and is seen to be a reliable measure of the average behavior of the finite metastructure
El, Mouridi Mohammed. "Caractérisation mécanique de la loupe de thuya (Tetraclinis Articulata (Vahl) Masters) en vue de sa valorisation." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00805175.
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