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Journal articles on the topic "Matériaux de transport de trous organiques"
Bui, Thanh-Tuan, and F. Goubard. "Matériaux de transport de trous à base de petites molécules organiques pour cellules photovoltaïques hybrides solides." Matériaux & Techniques 101, no. 1 (2013): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/mattech/2013056.
Full textOurahmoun, Ourida. "Les cellules solaires à base de matériaux pérovskites - Structures et performances." Journal of Renewable Energies 21, no. 4 (December 31, 2018): 515–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.54966/jreen.v21i4.709.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Matériaux de transport de trous organiques"
Magaldi, lara Diego A. "Conception De Nouvelles Molécules De Transport De Trous À Base De Carbazole Pour Cellules Solaires Hybrides De La Pérovskite." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CERG1031.
Full textAbstractDuring the last ten years, research around hybrid perovskite solar cells has achieved high photovoltaic efficiency conversion. Add to this, its solution processability and low-cost manufacture materials like ammonium lead (II) iodide, make of PSC one of the best on developing solutions to attain solar power. Organic hole transport materials (HTM) like Spiro-OMeTAD are an integral part of its architecture. The presented thesis aims to develop alternative solutions for the HTM layer, synthetizing new molecules that can match suitable carrier properties for its use on Perovskite solar cells (PSC). For this matter, the heterocycle carbazole (Cz), which is a well-known molecule used in organic electronics, is selected as a base molecule for our study. Due to its low cost production, ease modification of its structure over fixed positions and versatility over different reaction paths. For the later reasons Cz makes an ideal option to explore its use as HTM.Chapter 1 is a brief resume on photovoltaics and state of the art of PSC. The introduction describes the most common composition and function of the different layers that constitute the photovoltaic device’s layers. Followed by a review of carbazole molecules use as HTM until now, which are described and compared to lay the foundation of the present work.Chapter 2 reports the synthesis of two a two series of new hole transporting materials (HTMs). The presented molecules are composed by two diphenylamine(DPA) fragments linked to carbazole unit. From dibromo-carbazole as a starting material, synthesis is performed by a simple two-step synthetic procedure providing the target products in high yield. Two series of molecules designated as DMx and iDMx are obtained, differentiated between each other by their substitution positon 3,6-Cz (DMx) vs 2,7-Cz (iDMx) on the carbazole (Cz) core by the DPA groups. The molecules are examined along with thermal and optoelectronic characterization, film formation ability and further test on perovskite photovoltaic devices as well.Chapter 3 is detailed description of anionic and radical polymerization essays over molecule called DM1, which bears an alkene polymerizable function. The resulted polymer DM1P, is fully characterized and tested over PSC modules and compared with its origin monomer. The second part of Chapter 3, consist on the synthesis of a series of 3,6-carbazole linked conjugated copolymers, designated as PCzX series. With the present PCzX molecules, we explore the possibility of the use of conjugated polymers on PSC devices as an alternative to the actual small molecules. The synthetized polymers are fully characterized and preliminary photovoltaic results are presented.Chapter 4 describes a series of bicarbazolyl (two carbazole heterocycles connected by N- atom to a benzene ring in para position) molecules (DM1X), conceived to test its subsequent oligomerizaton/polymerization by further oxidative coupling reactions. This kind of polymerization can be potentially achievable with carbazole molecule under the right conditions. The present study pretends to compare the optoelectronic and thermal differences between a monomer and the derived oligomer/polymer. All molecules are fully characterized.Keywords: Carbazole, conjugated-polymer, non-conjugated polymer, oxidative polymerization, Hole transport material, Perovskite solar cell, photovoltaics
Maruzzo, Valentina. "Synthèse de Hole Transporting Materials (HTM) stables pour le photovoltaïque hybride émergent." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Pau, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024PAUU3082.
Full textPerovskite based Solar Cells (PSCs) witnessed a fast progress in their performances. Nowadays, a record power conversion efficiency (PCE) of over 26% can be reached for simple PSCs, and over 29.5% for tandem configurations. Perovskite (PSK) possesses strong light-absorption properties and high charge-carrier mobility. Upon light absorption, excited electrons and holes are generated, and drained to the corresponding electrodes thanks to the two layers surrounding the PSK: the hole transporting layer and the electron transporting layer. However, the instability of PSCs towards external environmental factors, such as humidity, hampers their industrial production. For this reason, the development of Hole Transporting Materials (HTMs) able to efficiently transport the charges without the need for dopants - highly hygroscopic molecules that accelerate the PSK degradation - is crucial to allow their upscaling.The objective of the PhD research is the synthesis of new stable HTMs, able to efficiently transport the charges in the absence of dopants. Carbazole (C) and phenothiazine (P) were chosen as main scaffolds, according to their low cost and tuneable electronic properties. A first-generation of HTMs with hexyl N-functionalisation was synthesised, comprising small molecules (University of Turin), oligomers and polymers (University of Pau). The alkylation of C and P aimed to increase the hydrophobicity of the HTMs, protecting the PSK layer against humidity and improving the processability of the materials. Two small molecules with opposite structure (PCP and CPC) and several polymeric HTMs were designed and synthesised through a Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction (using classical heating or microwave activation). In addition, end-capped polymers have been produced to achieve higher stability once implemented in solar cells. Indeed, the end-capping allows cross-linking reactions (induced by light or heat) once deposited as a layer in solar cells. The process led to a reticulated network, responsible for an increase in the performance and robustness of the PSCs. The structure and the optoelectronic and electrochemical properties of the synthesised materials were studied to assess the suitability of their use in solar cells.PSCs were assembled at CHOSE, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", using a p-i-n architecture for the solar cells. The small molecules displayed promising efficiencies, with PCE exceeding 10% (14% for PCP in the optimised conditions). However, low hole mobility values were measured by Organic Field-Effect Transistors; furthermore, GIWAXS and WAXS analyses revealed the amorphous behaviour of the molecules. In comparison, polymers presented lower PCE, mostly linked to a scarce wettability of their layer, which hinders the formation of a homogeneous PSK layer on top of it.To further improve the properties of the HTMs, we investigate two types of scaffold modifications. Indeed, shorter side chains were selected to increase the crystallinity of the molecules and allow higher charge transport abilities through better stacking. On the other hand, ethylene glycol side chains were inserted to provide the molecules with passivation ability towards PSK defects to increase the PCE. Both derivatisations resulted in small molecules with good solubility, whereas polymers required the insertion of tetra-ethylene glycol side chains to ensure proper solubility. The most promising materials will be tested shortly in PSCs to allow a complete comparison among all the derivatives
Le, Huong. "Elaboration de nouveaux matériaux de transport de trous pour cellules photovoltaïques hybrides à perovskite." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CERG0979/document.
Full textThe aim of the thesis is to develop and study the potential of organic hole transporting materials (HTMs) for photovoltaic applications using perovskite-based solar cells (PSCs). Several families of HTM molecules have been prepared and deposited in solution for the fabrication of solar cells. Since the main objective is to study and provide information on the relationship between the molecular structure of new hole transport materials and the photovoltaic performances obtained, this study contributes to a better fundamental understanding of the required properties of hole transport materials for better photovoltaic performance.The first study concerns the development of p-type molecules based on Thieno [3,2-b] thiophene as a central unit and π-linker with dimethoxytriphenylamine as end-capping electron donors. Different configurations are designed and revealed significantly different photovoltaic performances in the PSC devices. Remarkable, a planar structure with linear conjugation shows higher values of mobility and conductivity than others, thus it improved device performances.In the second study, donor-acceptor molecules based on 9(10H)Acridone derivatives as an acceptor were developed. By incorporating different electron-donating fragments, we obtain structures with favorable characteristics for both good intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) character and adequate HOMO-LUMO energy levels. Their energy levels are suitable for collecting and injecting the holes from perovskite to the metal electrode through the HTM. Similar studies have been done with Thioxanthone.Using a cheap precursor and facile preparation, the third study synthesized a 9.9'-biacridone derivative. These p-type molecules possess a three-dimensional structure which is similar to that of Spiro-OMeTAD, state-of-the-art molecule for PSCs.Finally, the last study focus on the development of donor-acceptor molecules based on thieno [3,4-c] pyrrole-4,6-dione (TPD). The objective is elaboration of the planar structure molecule which could be improved the π-π stacking effect in the device fabrication without grain boundaries. These molecules also own a strong ICT character, an extended π-conjugation on the whole structure and a good solubility which makes it an ideal candidate for the dopant-free HTM in PSCs
Le, Huong. "Elaboration de nouveaux matériaux de transport de trous pour cellules photovoltaïques hybrides à perovskite." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Cergy-Pontoise, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CERG0979.
Full textThe aim of the thesis is to develop and study the potential of organic hole transporting materials (HTMs) for photovoltaic applications using perovskite-based solar cells (PSCs). Several families of HTM molecules have been prepared and deposited in solution for the fabrication of solar cells. Since the main objective is to study and provide information on the relationship between the molecular structure of new hole transport materials and the photovoltaic performances obtained, this study contributes to a better fundamental understanding of the required properties of hole transport materials for better photovoltaic performance.The first study concerns the development of p-type molecules based on Thieno [3,2-b] thiophene as a central unit and π-linker with dimethoxytriphenylamine as end-capping electron donors. Different configurations are designed and revealed significantly different photovoltaic performances in the PSC devices. Remarkable, a planar structure with linear conjugation shows higher values of mobility and conductivity than others, thus it improved device performances.In the second study, donor-acceptor molecules based on 9(10H)Acridone derivatives as an acceptor were developed. By incorporating different electron-donating fragments, we obtain structures with favorable characteristics for both good intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) character and adequate HOMO-LUMO energy levels. Their energy levels are suitable for collecting and injecting the holes from perovskite to the metal electrode through the HTM. Similar studies have been done with Thioxanthone.Using a cheap precursor and facile preparation, the third study synthesized a 9.9'-biacridone derivative. These p-type molecules possess a three-dimensional structure which is similar to that of Spiro-OMeTAD, state-of-the-art molecule for PSCs.Finally, the last study focus on the development of donor-acceptor molecules based on thieno [3,4-c] pyrrole-4,6-dione (TPD). The objective is elaboration of the planar structure molecule which could be improved the π-π stacking effect in the device fabrication without grain boundaries. These molecules also own a strong ICT character, an extended π-conjugation on the whole structure and a good solubility which makes it an ideal candidate for the dopant-free HTM in PSCs
Bejbouji, Habiba. "Optimisation des matériaux des électrodes dans les diodes électroluminescentes organiques et les cellules solaires organiques." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR13897/document.
Full textThe optimization of hole injection materials in organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) and organic photovoltaic cells (OPVCs) is reported. Water and organic solvent-based PANIs were used. We have studied the influence of the thickness, the morphology and the conductivity of PANI films in (OPVCs) performances. The results show that the conductivity and the thickness of the PANI film greatly affect (OLED) and (OPVCs) effectiveness. The dopant and the solvent used in the synthesis of PANI dispersion also play an important role. PANI and PEDOT dispersions as well as carbon nanotube were also used as electrodes without ITO. The effect of pH, conductivity, the work function, the nature of the dopant and the solvent in the injection property were analyzed
Troadec, David. "Contribution à l'élaboration et à la caractérisation de diodes électroluminescentes organiques." Limoges, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LIMO0020.
Full textRealisation and characterisation of organic light emitting diodes (OLEDS) dedicated to flexible flat panel display with low consumption are studied. The objective is to optimise different structure performances with limit conduction, luminance and quantum efficiency of these structures
Benhattab, Safia. "Synthèse et caractérisation de matériaux organiques transporteurs de trous à base de carbazole : application aux cellules solaires DSSC solides et pérovskite." Thesis, Tours, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOUR4014/document.
Full textThe aim of this work was to design, synthesize and characterize new carbazole based molecular glasses for the realization of solid state DSSC or perovskite solar cells. These structures would be an alternative to the reference molecule based on spirobifluorene (Spiro-OMeTAD) mainly used in hybrid devices. We have optimized a simple way to synthetize a "synthon" as a precursor to the design of a wide variety of efficient hole transporting materials (HTM). This synthesis pathway has allowed producing a first generation of molecules based on a single carbazole synthon substituted by aryl groups (naphthalene, pyrene, triazatruxene) then a second generation incorporating two carbazole synthons separated by an alkyl spacer. In both cases, the synthesis pathways are simple and the energy conversion efficiencies generated in solid DSSCs are promising (between 2.22 % and 2.47 % with the D102 dye). A preliminary ageing study has consisted in analyzing the degradation during thermolysis or photolysis of a carbazole based thin film. It was shown that Cz-P possesses stability similar to Spiro-OMeTAD in the absence of oxygen. Finally, two carbazole molecular glasses were studied in perovskite cells to achieve conversion efficiencies of 13.08 % and 12.41 % (for Cz-P and Cz-PF respectively) almost identical to the one based on Spiro-OMeTAD (13.45 %), confirming that these carbazole based structures are good candidates for the realization of efficient perovskite cells
Benhattab, Safia. "Synthèse et caractérisation de matériaux organiques transporteurs de trous à base de carbazole : application aux cellules solaires DSSC solides et pérovskite." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Tours, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOUR4014.
Full textThe aim of this work was to design, synthesize and characterize new carbazole based molecular glasses for the realization of solid state DSSC or perovskite solar cells. These structures would be an alternative to the reference molecule based on spirobifluorene (Spiro-OMeTAD) mainly used in hybrid devices. We have optimized a simple way to synthetize a "synthon" as a precursor to the design of a wide variety of efficient hole transporting materials (HTM). This synthesis pathway has allowed producing a first generation of molecules based on a single carbazole synthon substituted by aryl groups (naphthalene, pyrene, triazatruxene) then a second generation incorporating two carbazole synthons separated by an alkyl spacer. In both cases, the synthesis pathways are simple and the energy conversion efficiencies generated in solid DSSCs are promising (between 2.22 % and 2.47 % with the D102 dye). A preliminary ageing study has consisted in analyzing the degradation during thermolysis or photolysis of a carbazole based thin film. It was shown that Cz-P possesses stability similar to Spiro-OMeTAD in the absence of oxygen. Finally, two carbazole molecular glasses were studied in perovskite cells to achieve conversion efficiencies of 13.08 % and 12.41 % (for Cz-P and Cz-PF respectively) almost identical to the one based on Spiro-OMeTAD (13.45 %), confirming that these carbazole based structures are good candidates for the realization of efficient perovskite cells
Bottois, Clément. "Nanoparticules pour la réalisation de couches de transport de trous appliquées au photovoltaïque organique." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAI025/document.
Full textIn organic solar cells, a doped polymer is the most used material for hole transport between the active layer and the electrode, but his stability can be an important issue. The goal of this PhD thesis was to develop inorganic materials, expected to be more stable, in order to replace polymer based hole transporting layers. Another requirement was to keep the compatibility with solution-based deposition methods. The target was to develop nanoparticle dispersions, deposited at low temperature and giving directly a functional layer, without the need of further treatments which are usually required via sol-gel processes. A first objective of the present work was thus the elaboration of nanoparticles of tungsten oxide, hydrated or non-hydrated, and copper thiocyanate. A microwave-assisted heating synthesis has been used for tungsten oxide, leading to mono-dispersed particles around 30 nm. Concerning copper thiocyanate, a ball milling technique has been chosen. The process parameters have been optimized to obtain nanoparticles to narrow the size distribution as much as possible. The deposition of the nanoparticles has allowed the formation of thin layers and the characterization of their optoelectronic properties, such as work function, which was shown to be a relevant parameter for a use in devices. Organic solar cells with standard or inverted structures have been fabricated using these materials as a hole transporting layer. Good photovoltaic performances have been obtained, especially in the inverted structure, in which the possibility to use copper thiocyanate has been demonstrated for the first time. Ageing experiments under light in a controlled atmosphere have also been carried out and have shown a rapid drop in performances for these cells compared to cells incorporating polymer based hole transport layers
Millet, Pierre. "Modélisation du transfert et du transport de composés organiques des matériaux dans l’eau potable : Applications aux réseaux d’eau intérieurs." Rennes, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ENCR0039.
Full textThe French Public Health Code sets out the requirement on tap water quality and the materials used in the contact of drinking water are subject to the Attestation of Sanitary Conformity. However, organoleptic degradation can remain in tap water. A bibliographic study has shown that organoleptic degradation could be caused by the presence of chemicals migrating from materials and by complex hydrodynamic phenomenon. A compartmental model has been developed. It models the transfer and the transport of chemicals from materials to water. This approach allows to combine the study of transfer of chemical from the material and the study of hydrodynamics in private water installations. It provides the opportunity i)- to observe the impact of dynamic operating conditions on the concentration of chemicals in tap water ii)- to make diagnostics of the installation to avoid disagreements and iii)- to study the quantity of chemicals deliver in tap water in function of consumption habits of the users. The study of chemicals transfer phenomenon in dynamic conditions has shown the impact of water temperature, turbulent agitation and duration of the use of materials on migration kinetics of chemicals. However, the experiences made with compartmental model have indicated that the leaching of chemicals in dynamic conditions was negligible compared with the leaching of chemicals in static conditions. Indeed, the static contact time is far more important that the dynamic one. However, it has been shown that the hydrodynamics could have a significant impact on tap water quality, particularly due to exchanges between different parts of the networks. Finally, the complex scenario development based on consumption habits of the users have shown that the quantity of chemicals ingest by the consumers were strongly dependant of the consumption behaviour of the users. The approach could be a part of a process like the threshold of toxicological concern based on the prediction of the daily quantities of chemicals ingest