Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Matériaux de stockage d'énergie'
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Ndiaye, Khadim. "Etude numérique et expérimentale du stockage d'énergie par les matériaux cimentaires." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30202/document.
Full textThe objective of this study is to develop an ettringite-based material with high energy storage density in low temperature conditions, allowing to charge and discharge heat by endothermic dehydration and exothermic rehydration, respectively; then to perform the numerical and experimental study of heat storage in a thermochemical reactor containing the produced material (prototype). To achieve these goals, the hydration of ettringite binders was followed by XRD, TGA and SEM. The thermodynamic simulation of the hydration was also performed using GEMS (Gibbs Energy Minimization Sofware). The porous network of the resulting material was improved by chemical foaming. Furthermore, the carbonation, thermal stability and reversibility tests were performed on the produced material. Physicochemical stability of the material over time was followed by XRD, TGA, SEM and IR. To predict the behavior of the storage system, a bidimensional model, taking account the specificities of the cementitious material, was developed. The heat and mass balance in the thermochemical reactor generates a system of non-linear and coupled differential equations. The numerical resolution was first made by spatial discretization using the finite difference method, then by temporal integration of variables (temperature and water vapor pressure) on MatLab (r). The model simulation, with material properties, was used as concept design to build the thermochemical reactor prototype in the laboratory (cylindrical adsorber). The result of heat storage tests with the prototype was used as proof of concept of the principle on the one hand, and a way to validate the numerical model
Kabalan, Ihab. "Synthèse des matériaux nanoporeux pour la décontamination moléculaire et le stockage d'énergie." Thesis, Mulhouse, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MULH9073/document.
Full textVolatile organic compounds (VOCs) are the most abundant organic pollutants. Among the various solutions to fight against this pollution, the use of molecular adsorbents appears as a potential alternative for the control of contamination. The porous materials have many advantages due to their low cost, their physical characteristics and their useful properties related to their structure and their large surface area. However, conventional synthesis of zeolites generally lead to micrometer size crystals. The capacity and the kinetics of adsorption that are sensitive to the diffusion and the surface phenomena could be potentially improved by the use of zeolite nanocrystals or hierarchical products (micro / mesoporous). These nanomaterials have high potential due to their small size and their exalted outer surface that promote access of pollutants and improve the adsorption capacity. ln the thesis work, we synthesized zeolites with different structural types such as FAU, MFI and *BEA. Each structure type was synthesized in different morphologies such as nanosponges and /or nanosheets using a bifunctional structuring agent, as well as nanocrystals by the clear solution method. These materials were compared with conventional micrometer-sized zeolites. The purity and the porous texture have been characterized by using XRD, SEM, nitrogen adsorption/desorption techniques, TGA-DTA and solid state NMR. Finally, the adsorption capacity of a model molecule, the n-hexane, in these zeolites have been studied by thermogravimetry. In the case of *BEA and MFI-type zeol ites, the hierarchical zeolites showed an increase of the adsorption capacity of n-hexane compared to conventional zeolites. The adsorption capacity of n-hexane was multiplied by 7 in the case of *BEA-type nanosponges and by 6 in the case of the *BEA-type nanocrystals compared to *BEA_type microcrystals (693 mg / g vs 103 mg / g and 591 mg / g vs 103 mg / g, respectively)
Tabard, Lucie. "Elaboration de céramiques architecturées pour le stockage d'énergie thermique." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSEI007.
Full textThe aim of this thesis work is to develop a composite material with a high energy density for thermochemical heat storage. The main purpose is to produce heat through an exothermic hydration reaction of a hygroscopic salt, entirely reversible (storage as chemical potential), while avoiding the usual loss of performances reported in salt bed configurations. Such issues emerge over time, due to salt agglomeration during its hydration. Thus, the development of a composite made of salt attached onto a host material should prevent the salt agglomeration and enhance its reactivity. First, a protocol to characterize and investigate the salt (MgSO4,xH2O) cyclability behavior was developed to study its structural evolution (through XRD and FTIR). A first method of salt shaping was also proposed, that does not allow resolving the issues encountered in salt bed configurations. Secondly, the development of a host material (ceria zirconia) with a hierarchized porosity is proposed. Zirconia is shaped by additive manufacturing (robocasting) of a paste loaded with fugitive phases (starches) and consolidated by partial sintering. The resulting multi-scale porosity is thoroughly characterized by mean of complementary techniques, focusing on its volume, size and interconnection. Mechanical properties are characterized through compressive and bending tests. The relevance of the multi-scale porosity of the host material for the salt reactivity and stability is finally evaluated. Host material/salt composites are fabricated by liquid impregnation of a saturated saline solution. They are then characterized with the process developed for the characterization of the salt. The three-scale porosity enables the fabrication of composites with high energy density (417 kWh.m-3), that are stable over time, fulfilling the European target
Karakashov, Blagoj. "Études de carbones fibreux pour le stockage compact d'énergie à haute température." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0224.
Full textIn this thesis, fibrous carbons of renewable or synthetic origin in the form of flexible or rigid porous structures were investigated in-depth in order to evaluate their future use as hosts of phase change materials for thermal energy storage applications. Various commercial fibrous carbons were sorted, their morphological, physical and structural properties were thoroughly characterised, and their chemical stability was tested in molten lithium salts, before and after chemical vapour deposition of pyrocarbon. Either traditional or novel methodologies were proposed to characterise the fibrous carbons properties with respect to their effect on the preparation and performances of a hybrid material: carbon / phase change material. The use of different empirical and analytical models was also presented in order to determine characteristic quantities that are not directly measurable, such as elastic modulus of soft felts and tortuosity, and to validate the accuracy of the experimental results, all having an excellent predictive character. The materials’ attractiveness is due to the examined: (i) lightweight and highly porous structure with remarkable physical properties; (ii) resistance to oxidation; (iii) ability of being modified. Indeed, it appears that fibrous carbons with improved characteristics in terms of heat transfer, mechanical strength and chemical stability can be obtained and should produce, without significant loss of porosity and thus of stored thermal energy density, better hybrid materials. Finally, while the work presented here has a direct impact on the future implementation of fibrous carbons in thermal energy storage applications, the results obtained might also be used for many other end-uses
Wang, Wei. "Matériaux à base de carbone pour la conversion et le stockage d'énergie électrochimique et chimique." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAF059.
Full textEnergy conversion and storage have always been the two critical issues for human society. In this thesis, we focus on the development of sustainable carbon materials for effective electrochemical energy storage, especially for supercapacitors, and supported nickel catalysts for chemical energy conversion and storage, mainly on CO2 methanation. Two different biomass derived carbon structures, i.e. hierarchical carbon foam and graphene-like carbon nanosheets, have been synthesized and applied for supercapacitor. Exceptional electrochemical performances have been obtained. Meanwhile, nickel decorated macroscopic shape catalyst (Ni/OCF) has been developed for CO2 methanation with enhanced catalytic performance powered by electromagnetic induction heating (IH). The rapid energy regulation capability of IH system to jugulate the problem of temperature runaway has also been investigated in the last part using powdered alumina supported nickel catalyst for this exothermic reaction
Ekomy, Ango Blaise. "Contribution au stockage d'énergie thermique en bâtiment : déveveloppement d'un système actif à matériaux à changement de phase." Paris, ENSAM, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ENAM0032.
Full textThe aim of our thesis work is to design size and manufacture an active system to phase change materials (PCM) for cooling and warming the house Napévomo located in Aquitaine, the latter participating in the Solar Decathlon competition (SDE2010). The approach proposed is intended to provide the reader with enough knowledge in thermal storage based on PCM to tockle the design of a cooling and heating system in passive building. The approach started by a state of the art of thermal storage systems based on PCM and determines the design requirements. These data leads us to developed a numerical model based on a static approach NUT-ε through the PCM characterization determine the main dimensioning elements of the system. The design is validated according to the energy loss of the system and it performance coefficient. The system has been manufactured in full size. It consists in four heat exchanger containing the PCM. Each heat exchanger is composed by exchanger a cluster of PCM. They are arranged in staggered rows on columns of tubes. A set of experimental devices has been made to observe the improvement of the heat exchange conductivity between the environment and the heat exchanger containing the PCM. The tests performed on one of the exchangers show encouraging results. Indeed, it enables to cool down in 7-8 hours and to regenerate the PCM during of 6 hours. At the Solar Decathlon (SDE2010), the developed system has proved to be efficient in cooling down the ambient air during the 6 days of the demonstration
Thoumyre, Lecomte Charles. "Optimisation de structures architecturées pour la captation, le stockage, et la restitution d'énergie thermique." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAI094/document.
Full textThe problematic of heat storage is important in the present context. One of the solutions is to use phase change materials (PCM). Nevertheless their thermal properties are poors and a conductive substracte must absolutely be used in order to maximise the yield of theses systems.The purposes of this PhD are the physics phenomena implementation understanding and characterization, and the optimization of architectured structures for heat storage systems. A dual approach was adopted both experimental and numerical on simple PCM reception structures (fins) and on more complex ones (open foams). We analyzed influences of geometrical parameters (system lenght and porosity, thickness and space betweens fins, cellfoam size) from reception structure, its constituent material and its orientation. Experimental results support well with numerical simulations. This permits to pursue a more systematical study about analyzed parameters, and notably to identify in which cases natural convection has to be taken into account. Finally, from these results, we developped a tool which permits to optimize architectured structures for a defined bill of specifications
Cherchour, Nabila. "Synthèse électrochimique et caractérisation du dioxyde de manganèse nanostructuré : application au stockage d'énergie et comme capteur pH." Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066370.
Full textIn a first part, the synthesis of MnO2 powders was carried out by CP at 80 ° C on a titanium electrode in an aqueous solution containing MnSO4 and H2SO4. The ε-MnO2 powders obtained are nanostructured. The electrochemical behavior of such MnO2 powders in alkaline KOH (1 M) was investigated by EIS after aging of these powders by CV and EIS using the CME. The results showed that i) the reduction of MnO2 in this medium occurs in parallel with the reduction of dissolved oxygen and ii) that its reactivity is influenced by the aging of these powders produced by CV or function of immersion time. In a second part, an electrodeposition method based on chronoamperometry was used to develop a highly reproducible and fast elaboration method of adherent manganese dioxide thin films on a glassy carbon electrode from aqueous solutions containing MnSO4 and H2SO4. The resulting films were found to have a nanostructured character presumably due rather to birnessite (-MnO2) than to -MnO2, as suggested by their Raman and XRD signatures. They lead to modified electrodes that present an obvious although complex pH dependent potentiometric response when used in open circuit conditions. This sensor indeed showed a single slope non-Nernstian behaviour over the 1. 5-12 pH range for increasing pH direction (“trace”) whereas a two slope Nernstian behaviour was observed for decreasing pH direction (“re-trace”). EIS experiments carried out at a pH value of 1. 8 reveal a sensitivity mechanism based on a proton insertion process at least at highly acidic pH values. This mechanism is not altered by the presence of the studied interferents (K+, Ca2+, Cl- and Li+) with the exception of Fe2+
Lopez, Jérôme. "Nouveaux matériaux graphite/sel pour le stockage d'énergie à haute température : étude des propriétés de changement de phase." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00276277.
Full text1) Il apporte une base de données importante (propriétés de changement de phase solide-liquide) sur six sels et les composites correspondants grâce à l'analyse calorimétrique effectuée.
2) Des modélisations rigoureuses de la fusion de sels en milieu confiné dans plusieurs géométries ont été proposées pour comprendre pourquoi lors de la première fusion des composites mis en forme par compression, des problèmes de fuite de sel ont été observés. Ces modèles montrent que la morphologie de ces matériaux sont à l'origine de ces phénomènes : la matrice de graphite contraint l'expansion volumique du sel lors de la fusion : le sel fond sous pression ce qui aboutit à une fusion sur une large gamme de température et à une perte de densité énergétique. L'analyse de sensibilité aux divers paramètres (géométriques et physiques) montre que le module de rigidité de la matrice est le paramètre sur lequel il faut agir lors de l'élaboration des matériaux pour estomper ce phénomène.
3) Enfin ce travail propose une formulation thermodynamique des phénomènes de surface/interface et de présence d'impuretés dissoutes pouvant aboutir à un abaissement de la température de fusion. Il semble que les avancements de fusion observés (~5°C) soient essentiellement dus à la présence d'impuretés dissoutes (apportées par le graphite) dans le liquide, un effet Gibbs-Thomson pouvant aussi s'ajouter (~1°C, lié à la taille des amas de cristaux).
Difi, Siham. "Phosphates de type NASICON comme matériaux d'électrode pour batteries sodium-ion à haute densité d'énergie." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT212/document.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to the study of phosphate based composites with NASICON type structure, that are used as electrode materials for sodium-ion batteries: Na1+xFexTi2-x (PO4)3/C et Na1+xFexSn2-x(PO4)3/C with 0 ≤ x ≤ 1. These composites were synthesized by solid state route followed by a pyrolysis reaction with sucrose. They consist of particles having high porosity and coated with carbon giving to the electrode good ionic and electronic conductivity. The reaction mechanisms occurring during charge-discharge cycles were analyzed in operando mode, by X-ray diffraction, 57Fe and 119Sn Mössbauer spectroscopies and X-ray absorption spectroscopy. For the iron-titanium composites, the mechanisms are essentially based on the diffusion of Na+ in the channels of the crystalline phases with changes of transition metal oxidation state. For iron-tin composites, the mechanisms are more complex including insertion, conversion leading to the destruction of the NASICON phases and then reversible formation of NaxSn alloys. The best electrochemical performances were obtained for Na1,5Fe0,5Ti1,5(PO4)3/C with an operating potential of 2.2 V vs. Na+/Na0. Although these two types of materials can be used at lower potential, the performances must be improved to consider their application as the negative electrode
Wu, Yih-Chyng. "Etude des mécanismes de stockage de charge dans les matériaux destinés aux applications de stockage d'énergie électrochimique via l'utilisation de la microbalance électrochimique à quartz (EQCM)." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30326.
Full textReducing the consumption of fossil fuels and developing renewable and sustainable energy sources have been considered to be effective strategies to tackle the climate change crisis. To address such issues, more efficient electrical energy conversion and storage devices are required.1 The most commonly used electrochemical energy storage technologies today are batteries and supercapacitors. Batteries store the energy through faradaic reactions of electrode materials with electrolytes, providing high energy supplement, with energy densities of few hundreds of Wh kg-1.2 By contrast, supercapacitors, termed as electrochemical double-layer capacitors (EDLCs), store the charge at the electrode/electrolyte interface, via an electrostatic charge separation by physical ion adsorption/desorption process; it is making supercapacitor exhibits a higher power density and long cycling life energy device.3 EDLCs have the key role of filling the gap between batteries and capacitors due to their very high power densities (15 kW kg-1) and moderate energy densities (8 Wh kg-1).4 In this thesis, the main focus is to understand the charge storage mechanisms of EDLCs by using in situ electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM). Electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) has been used as an in situ gravimetric probe for the investigation ion dynamics in porous carbon-based electrode.5-6 The first part of the thesis includes a bibliographic study, which gives us a deep understanding regarding the theories and development of EDLCs. The charge storage mechanisms of EDLCs will be covered thoroughly, based on the up-to-date theoretical and experimental aspects. Then, the thesis will go through the basic concepts of the experimental equipment and materials. The first part of the result is an EQCM study of three-dimensional porous carbon electrode. The main charge carriers were identified by in situ EQCM in multi-ion aqueous electrolytes during ion transfer and adsorption in carbon micropores. The results are explained based on ion size, ion mobility and pH range. The following part of the result aims to study the ion responses on two-dimensional carbon material. Single layer graphene (SLG) was used as a two-dimensional platform as a model material for mimicking the interactions of ions from an electrolyte with a carbon surface without the interference of the porosity. The SLG was successfully transferred onto the quartz electrode using a proprietary method, so that in situ EQCM enable to record the ion dynamics nearby the carbon/electrolyte interface, and in the case of two different electrolytes: a neat ionic liquid and an ionic liquid used as a salt dissolved in a solvent. The last part is dedicated to the application of EQCM on different materials for energy storage. Pseudocapacitve and battery materials, such as Ti3C2Tx MXene pseudocapacitive material and CaV6O16 as Ca-ion battery cathode material were also tested using EQCM technique as a high rate performance electrode material. The charge storage mechanisms of each materials are investigated detailly in this chapter. The approach of this thesis demonstrates that EQCM is an efficient tool provides a direct molecular-level insight into the charge storage process for different energy storage materials. It shows a great potential to be served as an electrogravimetric probe to monitor the ion and solvent molecule fluxes occurring at the electrode/electrolyte interface upon polarization
Come, Jérémy. "Caractérisation électrochimique de matériaux à insertion de Li pour supercondensateurs hybrides à haute densité d'énergie." Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1910/.
Full textElectrochemical characterizations of Li-ion insertion compounds were performed to assess their power performances. They were used to design hybrid supercapacitors with high energy density, by i) increasing the specific capacity by using a LiFePO4, ii) increasing the operating voltage by using Ti2C, a new compound obtained from exfoliation of a MAX phase, and iii) using a pseudocapacitive material, Nb2O5, that enables to achieve high energy with no power loss. In the latter, the pseudo-intercalation charge storage mechanism was characterized for the first time as an intrinsic property of the material. It involves Li insertion in the bulk in a one-phase system without diffusion limitation, unlike most battery materials. This phenomenon enabled to achieve high capacity values for short charge/discharge times, consistent with supercapacitors time constant. These results highlight the interest of faradic materials for designing high energy density power devices
Brisse, Anne-Lise. "Nouveaux matériaux d'électrodes négatives de supercondensateur hybride en milieu aqueux." Thesis, Nantes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NANT4071/document.
Full textThe studies presented in this thesis are focused on the synthesis and sizing of new negative electrode materials for aqueous hybrid supercapacitors. These novel devices with energy densities in the tens of Wh.kgˉ¹ and a lifetime several tens of thousands of cycles should be capable of enduring high power pulses required for applications such as frequency regulation on the electrical grid, in particular when used in conjunction with intermittent energy sources. Combining electrode materials which store charge via both faradaic and capacitive mechanisms is an appropriate way of meeting these objectives. Exploratory approaches to conceive such electrodes are described in detail in this manuscript. They involve associating graphene with a copper oxide (Cu²O), or electroactives molecules confined in a layered double hydroxide (LDH) matrix or a metal organic frameworks (MOF). The results bring out the advantages of immobilising electroactive molecules in LDH or MOF matrixes which enables an increase of the energy density without compromising too much the power density. The main limitation of these strategies is the stability during cycling of the redox material which is critical for the cyclability of bimaterials as hybrid supercapacitor electrodes. These studies pave the way to a multitude of possible matrixes to be combined with different electroactive molecules
Benlamlih, Rachid. "Caracterisation de milieu poreux en vue du stockage actif de la chaleur dans l'habitat : milieu granulaire utilisant un materiau a changement de phase ; milieu alveolaire hygroscopique sous forme d'un beton poreux : application a un mur composite." Perpignan, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PERP0015.
Full textNobrega, Paixao Formiga Franklin Giovanna. "Etudes operando par SECM, ECD, et EQCM de matériaux pour le stockage électrochimique de l'énergie." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse 3, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023TOU30267.
Full textAdvancements in energy storage technologies play a crucial role in our society's quest for sustainable and efficient solutions. The challenges associated with managing renewable energy resources, such as solar and wind power, along with the increasing demand for energy, underscore the growing importance of developing high-performance energy storage materials. This thesis aligns with this dynamic by focusing on a comprehensive analysis of various materials widely used in energy storage. However, it goes beyond the conventional characterization approach that has already been validated. Its primary objective is to gain a deeper understanding of the charge transfer mechanisms specific to these materials while exploring the influence of their structure and surface charge. Several powerful analytical techniques were employed, including Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy (SECM), electrochemical dilatometry (ECD), and the Electrochemical Quartz Crystal Microbalance (EQCM), providing both a global and local perspective on the relevance of these materials for energy storage. Finally, by consolidating these techniques, a combination of operando approaches was used to analyze TiS2, a powerful yet complex material concerning its lithiation process. This method allowed us to delve deeper into our understanding of TiS2's two lithiation phases. In summary, the thesis aims to provide more valuable insights and shed further light on the suitability of these materials for energy storage applications, thus contributing significantly to the advancement of this critical field
Laouadi, Abdelaziz. "Transfert de chaleur dans un matériau à changement de phase : application au stockage cyclique d'énergie électrique." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1996. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq21855.pdf.
Full textHanani, Zouhair. "Conception de composite flexible céramique sans plomb/biopolymère pour des applications de stockage et de récupération d'énergie." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0288.
Full textThe existing energy storage and harvesting devices suffer from the moderate performances, low flexibility and the use of toxic compounds. This is how ceramic/polymer nanocomposite approach is highly promising for high-efficiency energy storage and harvesting applications, due to the high dielectric constant of the ceramic and the high breakdown strength, the flexibility and the ease of processing of the polymer. This thesis focuses on designing ceramic (BCZT)/polymer (PLA) nanocomposites for these applications. First, controlled syntheses of BCZT ceramics with different particle sizes, size distributions and shapes were performed and discussed. The effects of grain size and grain shape of BCZT ceramics on the dielectric properties were studied. It was found that the BCZT ceramic with near-spherical particles elaborated by low-temperature hydrothermal processing at 160 °C revealed enhanced dielectric and ferroelectric properties compared to the BCZT ceramics synthesized by other methods. Second, BCZT near-spherical particles BCZT nanorods and HZTO nanowires were embedded in the biodegradable PLA polymer matrix. The effects of the ceramic shape, arrangement, dielectric constant and aspect ratio on the dielectric constant of the nanocomposite were explored using the effective dielectric constant of the nanocomposite models. It was found that for improving the dielectric properties of the composite, it is important to control the ceramic fillers geometry rather the use of high-k ceramics. Afterwards, the energy storage properties of PLA-based nanocomposites were evaluated by D−E hysteresis loops, and high-energy storage performances were obtained in the nanocomposites based on rod-like fillers. The energy harvesting aspect was investigated by designing a bio-flexible piezoelectric nanogenerator (BF-PNG) based on BCZT/PLA nanocomposite film to convert the ambient mechanical energy to electrical energy. This BF-PNG could generate open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current of 14.4 V and 0.55 µA, respectively, and large power density of 7.54 mW/cm3 at a low resistive load of 3.5 MΩ, under gentle finger tapping. The feasibility of the BF-PNG was tested by driving commercial electronics (charging capacitors and lighting an LED). Accordingly, this work demonstrates that BCZT lead-free ceramic in combination with PLA biopolymer can lead to flexible nanocomposite with enhanced energy storage and energy harvesting performances for application in self-powered devices
Lissner, Michael. "Utilisation des matériaux à changement de phase pour une gestion thermique optimale des modules de refroidissement moteur." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066063.
Full textIntegration of heat accumulator within engine cooling systems allows to optimize powertrain thermal management and to reduce vehicles consumption and pollutant emissions. Interest of such accumulators lies in their capacity to store and release energy within phase change materials (PCM) with powers in accordance with the automotive needs. Scientific problem concerns heat transfer enhancement, for a limited volume, in a phase change material. The use of compact heat exchangers filled with PCM and the optimization of fin design allow to maximize heat transfer thanks to extended heat transfer area with PCM. On the other hand, energy storage capacity is optimized by increasing PCM volume ratio. The problem is approached by two ways: theoretically, by the development of a numerical model of optimization, and experimentally, by the development of a test bench and several prototypes. The numerical model of heat accumulator, validated with test results, was used to run a parametric study to optimize the conception of the heat accumulator, in particular the fin design. Finally, integration of this new component within the cooling system in order to improve the warm-up of the powertrain has shown significant gains on the functioning time of engine during cold start, leading to reduced pollutant emissions
Vacquand, Christèle. "Genèse et mobilité de l'hydrogène naturel : source d'énergie ou vecteur énegétique stockable ?" Paris, Institut de physique du globe, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011GLOB0002.
Full textLannelongue, Pierre. "Oxydes polycationiques pour supercondensateurs à haute densité d'énergie volumique." Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTS146/document.
Full textSupercapacitors are attractive electrochemical energy storage devices for high power applications. However, volumetric energy density is the main limitation for their integration in such applications as terrestrial transport systems. The use of high density pseudocapacitive oxides as electrode material could lead to a volumetric energy density improvement. With this aim, materials from Ba0,5Sr0,5CoxFe1-xO3-δ family, so called BSCFs, have been studied. Several compositions have been prepared and evaluated as positive electrode materials in aqueous neutral electrolyte. Volumetric capacitances have shown to be greater than those of activated carbons, already used in marketed supercapacitors. They have also shown to depend on cobalt and iron ratio, charge rate, electrolyte composition... The study of the charge storage mechanism in these materials has been investigated thanks to in situ (X-Ray absroption spectroscopy) and operando (X-Ray diffraction) technics performed at SOLEIL (France) and SPring-8 (Japan) synchrotron facilities. Finally, devices coupling BSCF based positive electrode material with activated carbon or FeWO4 based negative electrode materials have demonstrated the added value of such materials to improve the volumetric energy density of supercapacitors
Lissner, Michael. "Utilisation des matériaux à changement de phase pour une gestion thermique optimale des modules de refroidissement moteur." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066063.
Full textIntegration of heat accumulator within engine cooling systems allows to optimize powertrain thermal management and to reduce vehicles consumption and pollutant emissions. Interest of such accumulators lies in their capacity to store and release energy within phase change materials (PCM) with powers in accordance with the automotive needs. Scientific problem concerns heat transfer enhancement, for a limited volume, in a phase change material. The use of compact heat exchangers filled with PCM and the optimization of fin design allow to maximize heat transfer thanks to extended heat transfer area with PCM. On the other hand, energy storage capacity is optimized by increasing PCM volume ratio. The problem is approached by two ways: theoretically, by the development of a numerical model of optimization, and experimentally, by the development of a test bench and several prototypes. The numerical model of heat accumulator, validated with test results, was used to run a parametric study to optimize the conception of the heat accumulator, in particular the fin design. Finally, integration of this new component within the cooling system in order to improve the warm-up of the powertrain has shown significant gains on the functioning time of engine during cold start, leading to reduced pollutant emissions
Sari-Bey, Sana. "Mise au point de nouveaux matériaux à changement de phase pour optimiser les transferts énergétiques." Thesis, Paris Est, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PEST1158.
Full textResearch in the field of innovative materials with improved energy efficiency have a major environmental issue. One way to save energy is storage. The use of phase change materials (PCM) is a solution for absorbing, storing and releasing large amounts of energy. This study focuses on the experimental study of the thermophysical properties and phase changes of polymer matrix composite materials containing microencapsulated PCM and the optimization of their thermophysical properties. Composite containing different mass fractions of paraffin microcapsules were first characterized. To improve heat transfer, paraffin microcapsules metallized with silver were then used. A new set of samples was elaborated. In the composite the selected polymer matrix is polycaprolactone (PCL), this polymer has a particularly low melting point (53°C), which allows to mix the microcapsules without damaging them. The polymer/microcapsules mixtures were prepared using a blender, they were then pressed to obtain plates of composites. The homogeneity of the samples was verified by scanning electron microscopy observations and density measurements. The phase change material used is a mixture of paraffins having a phase change temperature of 26°C, in microencapsulated highly crosslinked PMMA, and marketed by BASF under the trade name of Micronal®DS 5001 X. PCL has a melting temperature lower than the softening temperature of PMMA. One objective of this study was to obtain a material that remains solid even when the paraffin melts. Microencapsulation has avoided that the paraffin in the sample diffuses out during successive cycles, it also avoids convection when paraffin is liquid. On the other hand, another goal was to see if metallization of the particles allowed to improve the thermal properties by significantly increasing the thermal conductivity and diffusivity. DSC was used to determine the temperatures and enthalpies of the phase changes and the materials Cp between -20 and 40 ° C. An experimental technique, developed in the laboratory (DICO), can simultaneously measure the thermal conductivity (λ) and thermal diffusivity (a) at room temperature. A recent development of this system now allows to make measurements in ramp between -15°C and 180°C. The measures of the change in thermal conductivity and diffusivity as a function of temperature have been carried out by heating and cooling. Phase changes observed in DSC are found on the evolution of thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity plotted as a function temperature. It also shows the impact on these properties of solid or liquid state of the paraffin contained in the microcapsules. Finally the evolution of the volumetric heat capacity was calculated from the results obtained with DICO (Cp=λ/a) and compared with the evolution of the specific heat capacity measured by DSC. Globally, heat transfer was improved for composites containing silver but their storage capacity is lower than for the composites containing only Micronal®
Rouault, Fabien. "Système intégré de rafraîchissement d’air pour le bâtiment à base de matériaux à changement de phase." Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENAM0009/document.
Full textAir-cooling systems using latent heat thermal energy storage (LHTES) are potential alternatives to air-conditioners for summer climate control in buildings. However, the performances of such systems are tightly linked to weather conditions and the configuration of the building to be cooled. The aim of this doctoral work is to develop a design support tool allowing optimally dimensioning an air-cooling system using phase change material at the preliminary design stage. A dynamic thermal model, simulating the behaviour an LHTES device exchanging with air, is developed and coupled with a building performance program. The LHTES and the co-simulation models are validated by comparison with experiments carried out on two prototypes of LHTES device and the experimental platform of zero energy building NAPEVOMO. Finally, a first design support tool using genetic algorithm is developed to define the optimal configuration of an air-cooling system for the summer comfort in « NAPEVOMO » house
Arzamendia, Lopez Juan Pablo. "Métholodogie de conception des matériaux architecturés pour le stockage latent dans le domaine du bâtiment." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ISAL0060/document.
Full textThe use of energy storage systems that exploit latent heat represents a promising solution to erase the heating demand of residential buildings during periods of peak demand. Equipping a building with such components can contribute to the goal of peak shaving in terms of public electricity grid supply. Significant drawbacks, however, are the low thermal conductivity of Phase Change Materials (PCM) that typically constitute such systems,and the requirement for a high rate of discharge. Consequently, the use of so-called architectured materials has been put forward as a means to optimize the effective conductivity of storage materials. Our work is focused upon the development of a methodology to design optimal materials for such systems that meet the criteria of energy storage and energy output. A so-called “top-down metholodogy” was implemented for the present work. This approach includes three scales of interest: building (top), system and material (down). The aim of the building scale analysis is to formulate a set of general design requirements. These are complemented by performance indicators, which are defined at the scale of the system. Finally, at the scale of the material, the architecture of the identified material is elaborated. A numerical simulation tool was developed to determine performance indicators for a latent heat energy storage system comprising of an air/PCM heat exchanger. This model was tested against a benchmark analytical solution and validated though comparison to experimental data. The developed methodology is applied to the specific case of an air/PCM exchanger latent-heat energy storage system. The system is analysed through the study of dimensionless numbers, which provide a set of design indicators for the system. As a result of this stage, the optimal material and functional properties are thus identified. Finally, an architectured material is proposed that would satisfy the design requirements of the storage system. We demonstrate that an arrangement composed of a sandwich of planar layers with nails and PCM can offer the required material properties. Furthermore, in order to meet the desired functional properties, the system design is modified by the addition of fins at the exchange surfaces. With the addition of 20 fins of 3mm thickness attached to the exchange surface of the sandwich panel, the storage system eliminated the heating demand for 2 hours during the period of high daily demand in winter
Okhrimenko, Larysa Mikolaivna. "Stockage d'énergie thermique par un composite zéolite/MgSO4-H2O : étude thermocinétique du système MgSO4 – H2O et étude expérimentale des composites." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSEM001/document.
Full textExhaustion of fossil fuels and increase of energy demand, lead to growing interest in the development of renewable energies and energy efficient systems. Nevertheless, the gap between the supply and the demand of energy by renewable energies makes necessary the using a storage system. Among various thermals energy storage technologies, the composites formed by a porous matrix and a hygroscopic salt, allow to benefit advantage of both the adsorption/desorption capacities of the matrix and the chemical reactions of salt. The main difficulty to develop of such a system is the incomplete understanding of the involved physicochemical phenomena.The first objective of this thesis is to study the hydration and dehydration reactions of MgSO4 salt in presence of water vapor. Firstly, the physicochemical characterization of solids and isothermal and isobaric thermogravimetry experiments were carried out. It has been shown that the system is divariant and that the hydrates obtained are non-stoichiometric with localized water molecules. A thermodynamic model was developed and applied to the experimental data. In a second step, the kinetic studies of both the dehydration and hydration reactions were carried out. The rate limiting steps were defined, two kinetic models have been written and applied to the experimental results. Finally, various zeolite/MgSO4 composite materials have been synthesized. These materials have been characterized and their sorption capacity has been measured. The results show an increased sorption capacity, but only for water vapor pressures different from those used for thermal energy storage
Ortega, Del Rosario Maria de los Ángeles. "Système de stockage et transfert d'énergie par chaleur latente adaptable au rafraîchissement d’air en bâtiments : conception et analyse thermique." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0197/document.
Full textThe present work aims to design and study an air-PCM heat exchanger unit as a passive solution for thermal comfort assessment in buildings during summertime, providing tools to ease the design and building integration. The PCM present a large storage capacity per volume unit where by, they can contribute to the reduction of the energy consumption related to cooling applications. Although, theyshow some drawbacks, as a low thermal conductivity in commercial PCM, so a wellthought design of these kind of systems is necessary to achieve adequate thermal performances.The first part of this thesis surveys the existing systems through a literature review,highlighting the geometry relation with the physics and thermal performance. This search provided the bases for the development of an air-PCM unit design, following a problem-solving methodology developed by the I2M laboratory. A keyword matrix was obtained from the physical phenomena and functional analysis of the unit. From this matrix, the patents analysis provided inspiration for the design resulting in a tubebundle air-PCM heat exchanger with vertical tubes aligned perpendicular to the airflow.The development of design and integration in buildings tools was sought through a modeling that can accurately predict the thermal performance of the system.Simplified models are preferred for this task. Nevertheless, they can under predict the actual performance if the physical phenomena involved is not properly accounted. Then, local and global experimental approaches were used to achieve anunderstanding of the physics associated with charging and discharging cycles in theunit. For this, a test bench was installed, measuring temperature and airflow underdifferent in let conditions, accompanied by a visual tracking through digital images.Image and data processing were used to obtain thermal performance indicators and equivalent correlations using known dimensionless numbers for convective conductive heat transfer mechanisms in the PCM.These findings allowed the development of thermal models based on energy balances, that accounted the complexity of phenomena involved in the unit for performance prediction. Finally, the thermal performance of the system was tested intwo buildings applications: as a mobile unit in a PEH house in Gradignan and as anactive façade in a building in Talence
El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo diseñar y estudiar una unidad intercambiador de calor aire-PCM como presentan una solución pasiva al conforttérmico en edificios durante el verano, proporcionando herramientas para facilitar el diseño y la integración en edificios. Los PCM una gran capacidad de almacenamiento por unidad de volumen, por lo que pueden contribuir a la reducción del consumo de energía relacionado con las aplicaciones de refrigeración. Estos materiales presentan algunos inconvenientes en cual su uso, como una baja conductividad térmica, típica en PCM comerciales, por lo es necesario un diseño que tome en cuenta esta problemática para lograr rendimientos térmicos adecuados. La primera parte de esta tesis examina los sistemas existentes a través de unarevisión de la literatura, destacando la relación de geometría con los fenómenos físicos y el rendimiento térmico. Esta búsqueda proporcionó las bases para el desarrollo de un diseño de unidad aire-PCM, siguiendo una metodología de resolución de problemas desarrollada por el laboratorio I2M. Se obtuvo una matrizde palabras clave a partir de los fenómenos físicos y el análisis funcional de launidad. A partir de esta matriz, el análisis de patentes proporcionó inspiración para el diseño que dio como resultado un intercambiador de calor PCM de aire y haz detubos verticales alineados perpendicularmente al flujo de aire.El desarrollo del diseño y la integración en herramientas de edificios se buscó através de un modelo que pudiese predecir con precisión el rendimiento térmico delsistema. Los modelos simplificados son los preferidos para esta tarea. Sin embargo,su poder de predicción puede verse afectada si los fenómenos físicos involucradosno se contabilizan adecuadamente. Es por ello que se utilizaron enfoques experimentales locales y globales para lograr una comprensión de la física asociadacon los ciclos de carga y descarga en la unidad. Se realizó una instalación de unbanco de pruebas, que permitió mediciones de temperatura y flujo de aire en diferentes condiciones de entrada, acompañado de un seguimiento visual a travésde imágenes digitales. El procesamiento de imágenes y datos se utilizó para obtener indicadores de rendimiento térmico y correlaciones a partir de números adimensionales relacionados con mecanismos de transferencia de calor porconvección y conducción en el PCM.Estos hallazgos permitieron el desarrollo de modelos térmicos para la predicción delrendimiento, basados en balances de energía de cada volumen de control.Finalmente, el rendimiento térmico del sistema se probó en dos aplicaciones deedificios: como una unidad móvil en una casa PEH en Gradignan y dentro de una oficina del laboratorio I2M
Hildenbrand, Claudia. "Carbones nanostructurés à base d'aérogels d'acétate de cellulose pour la conversion et le stockage électrochimique d'énergie : évaluation en tant que matériau d'électrode de supercondensateur." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00547497.
Full textWu, Jing. "Modélisation dynamique d’un système couplé pompe à chaleur – stockage thermique par matériaux à changement de phase : approche systémique et validation expérimentale." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10167/document.
Full textIn the area of buildings refrigeration, the use of thermal energy storage coupled with heat pump is a significant way for reducing the operating costs and optimizing the design of equipment. A prototype of refrigeration-PCM (Phase Change Material) energy storage system is built and implemented within the framework of the project ACLIRSYS (Advanced Control for Low Inertia Refrigeration Systems), funded by the French National Research Agency. The objective of my PhD thesis is to propose a dynamical physical model for the complete system. Within the evaporator and condenser of the heat pump, the refrigerant can be liquid, vapor or mixture of both, while the storage media can be solid, liquid or a mixture of both. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the discrete events associated to phase changes in order to solve the energy and mass balances in different configurations. In this work, static models are used for the compressor and the expansion valve of the heat pump. The heat exchangers of the heat pump and the storage models are based on a representation of the fluid flows by a cascade of Continuous Stirred Tank Reactors (CSTRs). In order to assure the continuity of system evolution, the switching mechanism between different configurations is established. This switching is performed by matrix operations, which permit to achieve a global and very compact representation of the system. The thermodynamic properties of the refrigerant and their partial derivatives are analytically determined by using an equation of state. Two versions of the model for the storage are proposed. A simplified version where the supercooling is assumed to take place at a constant temperature and a more detailed version based on the population balance equations. Experimental data from the prototype has been used to validate the developed model. Experiments in transient states were performed by varying the operating conditions. These date relate to the functioning of the heat pump alone, the storage alone and the coupled system. A very good agreement between the numerical results and experimental data was obtained
Acem, Zoubir. "Nouveaux composites graphite/sel destinés au stockage de l'énergie thermique a haute température : de l'élaboration au développement de méthodes de caractérisation thermique de matériaux conducteurs orthotropes." Phd thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR13441.
Full textAcem, Zoubir. "Nouveaux composites graphite/sel destinés au stockage de l'énergie thermique à haute température : De l'élaboration au développement de méthodes de caractérisation thermique de matériaux conducteurs orthotropes." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00263601.
Full textLa première partie détaille les travaux relatifs à l'élaboration et la caractérisation thermique de ces nouveaux composites. On y présente les différentes voies d'élaboration des composites (dispersion, compression uniaxiale, isostatique) associées aux différents types de graphite (graphite naturel expansé (GNE), graphite synthétique) investigués au cours de cette thèse. On y retrouve également les résultats liés à la campagne de caractérisation thermique de ces composites permettant de mettre en exergue l'impact du graphite sur les propriétés conductrices des matériaux étudiés. A partir de ces résultats, des études de modélisation de l'évolution de la conductivité thermique ont pu être entrepris afin d'approfondir la compréhension de l'effet du graphite (quantité, taille de particules) sur la conductivité effective des composites.
La deuxième partie présente essentiellement les dispositifs de caractérisation thermique et les modèles thermocinétiques associés qui ont du être développés et adaptés aux spécificités des matériaux nouvellement élaborés. Cela concerne principalement les matériaux élaborés par compression, matériaux difficilement reproductible et possédant des propriétés orthotropes. La caractérisation de ce type de matériaux s'avère très délicate et pour le moins fastidieuse. C'est pourquoi nous nous sommes attachés à développer et adapter les moyens de caractérisation existants afin de permettre la caractérisation thermique complète d'un matériau conducteur orthotrope à partir d'une seule mesure sur un seul échantillon
Souayfane, Farah. "Modèle simplifié de changement de phase en présence de convection et rayonnement : application à un mur translucide associant superisolation et stockage d'énergie thermiques." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AZUR4043/document.
Full textThis thesis aims to study the exploitation of solar radiation thanks to a new concept of passive sensor wall. In this context, the thermal behavior of a novel semi-transparent solar wall has been studied. The wall is composed of glazing, silica aerogel (TIM) and glass bricks filled with fatty acids (PCM). This wall provides storage and restitution of heat, thermal-acoustic insulation and daylighting. The thermal performance of the TIM-PCM wall is tested in a full-sized test cell located in Sophia, PERSEE center. In winter, particularly in sunny cold days, the PCM absorbs solar radiation, melts, and then releases the stored heat to the building at night. During summer, overheating is encountered, the PCM remains in its liquid state and is unable to release the stored heat. A simplified model for PCM melting in presence of natural convection and radiation is developed and validated using a CFD model, and benchmark solutions. Then, a numerical model describing the heat transfer mechanisms through the wall is developed. This model is linked to TRNSYS to assess the thermal performance of the whole building. The MATLAB-TRNSYS model is then validated experimentally. The thermal behavior of the wall is tested under different climates, and passive solutions are proposed to ensure thermal comfort in summer. Finally, the validated model is used to study the annual thermal behavior of a building integrating TIM-PCM wall and an economic study is conducted. These studies confirm the interest of the wall vis-à-vis the improvement of energy performance of the building. The economic feasibility of applying the TIM-PCM wall depends mainly on climate, energy costs, and investment cost
Gong, Wei. "Heat storage of PCM inside a transparent building brick : Experimental study and LBM simulation on GPU." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ISAL0063/document.
Full textThe domestic and commercial buildings are currently becoming the major sector that consumes the biggest share of the energy in many countries, for example in France. Various researches have been carried out in order to reduce the energy consumption and increase the thermal comfort of builds. Among all the possible approaches, the latent heat storage technology distinguishes itself because of its excellent heat storage ability which can be used to efficiently reduce the discrepancy between the energy consumption and supply. In one of our project, we intend to integrate a type of transparent brick filled with phase change material (PCM) into the buildings' wall design. The PCM inside the brick undergoes the solid-liquid phase change. This dissertation addresses the important issues of the melting process inside the brick. In this dissertation, a non-intrusive experimental method was proposed to improve the existing experiment technique. The particle image velocimetry (PIV) and the laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) were coupled to investigate the natural convection and the temperature distribution. Because there was no thermocouple installed inside the brick, the melting process was thus considered to be less impacted. The results showed that this experimental design has a promising future, yet still needs to be improved. Two sets of efficient numerical simulations were also presented in this dissertation. The simulations were based on the thermal lattice Boltzmann method (TLBM), where the natural convection got solved by the LBM and the temperature equation was solved by the finite difference scheme. The enthalpy method was employed to simulate the phase change. Both the 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional configurations were successfully simulated. Moreover, the simulation programs were specifically developed - using the C language - to be run on the graphic processing unit (GPU), in order to increase the simulation efficiency. The simulation results demonstrated a good agreement with our experimental results and the published analytical results
Cuzacq, Laurent. "Élaboration et caractérisation de matériaux métalliques poreux par fabrication additive par dépôt de matière (Extrusion Additive Manufacturing) et par métallurgie des poudres." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0144.
Full textIn this manuscript, we employ a technique called paste extrusion additive manufacturing to reduce production costs and raw material losses associated with laser 3D printing. This technique involves incorporating metallic powder into a gel composed of a polymer and a solvent. In our case, we use a gel of hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC) in butanol and incorporate aluminum powder or a mixture of aluminum-based powders. This paste is then loaded into a syringe and placed in the 3D printer to extrude filaments through a 0.86 mm diameter nozzle. These filaments are deposited and stacked by the 3D printer's mechanical arm to form objects of predetermined shapes. Once dried, the objects are thermally treated to remove the HPC, leaving only the aluminum. We chose to fabricate objects with both macroporosity and microporosity to increase the surface area for exchange with the external environment. The thermal dissipation properties of these objects were measured to assess their suitability as heat sinks in the electronics field. The measured properties of these objects were found to be superior to those of a dense aluminum block. Objects composed of a mixture of aluminum and AlSi12 were also successfully printed and exhibited excellent thermal dissipation properties.In the second part of this manuscript, we focused on the end-of-life of our materials. Recycling aluminum alloys is challenging because with each recycling cycle, a loss of alloying elements may occur. Therefore, it is necessary to consider ways to valorize end-of-life aluminum or aluminum-based alloy waste. For this purpose, model materials were synthesized via powder metallurgy. By controlling the time, temperature, and pressure applied during sintering, it was possible to control the porosity within the samples. Through a chemical reaction in an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide, we were able to generate hydrogen, which could then be used as fuel in vehicles (such as the Toyota Mirai, for example). We also demonstrated that the kinetics of hydrogen release could be controlled by manipulating the porosity rate within the samples. Finally, we worked on an Al-Mg alloy to generate hydrogen not in caustic soda, which is a highly aggressive medium, but in seawater. This latter result demonstrates that valorizing aluminum alloy waste is feasible in a minimally toxic and abundant environment on Earth's surface
Aceta, Yara. "Optimization of the interfacial electron transfer by nanostructuring and surface modification." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN1S113.
Full textIt is the surface, not the bulk material that interacts with the surrounding environment; hence by altering the surface in a controlled manner we can modulate the properties of the material towards its environment. Aryldiazonium salts are suitable to tailor the surface properties since their structural diversity and their electrochemically-assisted bonding ability to modified conducting surfaces. This thesis focuses on the study of the electron transfer through different aryl layers by aryldiazonium electro-reduction at three different thickness levels, monolayer, near-monolayer, and multilayer, when the electroactive molecule is attached to the surface or in solution. Three different electrochemical methods have been used throughout this thesis, CV, EIS and SECM. The first study of this thesis focused on the investigation of the electrochemical properties of alkyl-ferrocene on-carbon monolayers in different solvents and its evaluation for improving the global charge density of carbon materials for energy storage applications. The second study used a bottom-up approach for the fabrication of well-organized surfaces. Carbon and gold substrates were modified by electro-reduction of a tetrahedral-shape preorganized aryldiazonium salt resulting in an ultrathin organic film that showed molecular sieving and current rectification properties towards redox probes in solution. The third study then focused on the oxygen reduction reaction and its intermediates, which are of general importance in natural and industrial processes. Detection of intermediates was achieved by SECM in a foot-printing strategy based on the use of different sensitive aryl multilayers. The role of the applied potential and electrolytes was investigated. Here we have demonstrated that the electrochemical properties of redox probes attached to a surface or in solution can be modulated by introducing aryl layers allowing fundamental research investigations of interest in fields such as energy storage and catalysis
Boughaleb, Jihane. "Développement et intégration d'un récupérateur d’énergie thermique à base de bilames thermiques et de matériaux piézoélectriques." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEI114/document.
Full textThe development of energy harvesting systems is linked to the emergence of the Internet of Things (IoT) more specifically to the proliferation of Wireless Sensor Networks that should respond to the growing needs for monitoring data in domains as diverse as the industry, the urban environments, the home or even the human body. Recent progress in the CMOS technology have enabled to remove some of the technical obstacles to the deployment of these smart and autonomous devices, specifically thanks to the improvements of the performances of microelectronic components, the design of ultra-low-power circuits and even the creation of wireless communication standards well adapted to the needs of wireless sensors. Given the availability of ambient energy sources like mechanical, thermal, light etc., energy harvesters are becoming reliable alternatives to batteries in order to extend the autonomy of these sensors. Consequently, various technologies of generators have been developed to harvest different kind of energies in function of their availability. The present work is a contribution to the development of a thermal energy harvester based on bimetallic strips heat engine and piezoelectric membranes. This type of technology developed by STMicroelectronics is intended to be a low cost alternative to thermoelectric generators exploiting the seebeck effect to convert heat into electricity. Based on this working principle, many harvesters both at the micro and macro scale have been fabricated. This thesis deals with the development of macroscopic energy harvesters whose first proofs of concept were established in a previous thesis. An important part of this manuscript deals with the thermal optimization of this energy harvester both in static and dynamic modes. Once the thermal properties improved, various piezoelectric materials were tested and compared to find the most adapted ones to our application and the same work is realized to choose the best device’s architecture. The integration of the energy harvester is then realized and wireless sensor node applications are demonstrated using various communication protocols and sensors. SPICE modeling of the system is also made and coupled with simulations of power management circuits developed by CEA’s design team. Finally, alternative ways to exploit wasted heat and vibrations are proposed through the development of piezoelectric bimetals and dual energy harvesters able to harvest thermal energy and mechanical energy at the same time: piezoelectric bimetals are realized either by direct deposition of piezoelectric composites or piezoelectric thin films onto bimetals. In the case of the dual energy harvester, piezoelectric cantilever beams were designed and simulated to vibrate at low frequencies (between 50Hz and 125Hz)
Lafarge, Barbara. "Modélisation, simulation et mise en œuvre d'un système de récupération d'énergie : application à un amortisseur semi-actif autonome." Thesis, Valenciennes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018VALE0023/document.
Full textThis work is devoted to the study and the development of energy harvesters integrated in an automobile suspension, for example to supply either a microcontroller or sensors, or to perform an health check of parts or render semi-active the shock absorber within a suspension of an autonomous vehicle according to the level of energy available. Given the types of displacement available in the suspension, it is natural to move towards electromagnetic techniques for energy recovery related to large displacements and to piezoelectric techniques for vibrations. However, the use of such systems is complex and a number of technical issues need to be addressed to implement them. First, a perfect knowledge of piezoelectric and electromagnetic conversion techniques is required. To this end, the Bond Graph language is used and successfully applied to the entire suspension system as well as energy harvesters because of its ability to translate physical effects and energy exchanges into multiphysics systems. Furthermore, simulation / experiment confrontations are carried out in the laboratory on each of the piezoelectric and electromagnetic energy harvesters, to ensure the proper functioning of these systems during their integration into a real vehicle. Thus, defects of different nature such as the magnetic force deforming the translation movement of the damper, the poor conduction of the magnetic field lines or the damage of the piezoelectric material during repeated tests, are analyzed in the first demonstrators in order to be corrected. Finally, a global model of automobile suspension simultaneously integrating the two subsystems of energy recovery is studied. To complete this analysis, a modeling of the circuit of restitution and energy storage is also proposed and allows a qualitative and quantitative study of the performances of piezoelectric and electromagnetic energy recovery systems. The results from these models are used to design energy recovery systems that best fit the automotive field. To conclude, road tests with the piezoelectric energy harvesters demonstrate the validity of the theoretical analysis and the feasibility of the techniques developed
Dusch, Yannick. "Nano-Système Magnéto-Électro-Mécanique (NMEMS) ultra-basse consommation pour le traitement et le stockage de l'information." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00697174.
Full textAzzouz, Kamel. "Etude d'un système frigorifique domestique à haute inertie thermique avec matériau à changement de phase." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066007.
Full textTchakalov, Rossen. "Engineering and optimization of electrode/electrolyte interfaces to increase solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) performances." Thesis, Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPSLM001.
Full textIn this work, we have established an industrial fabrication protocol for single fuel cells with either architectured or planar electrode/electrolyte interfaces. We have demonstrated that in two types of samples, differing in materials, microstructure, number of layers, and architecture location, the architecturation of the electrode/electrolyte interface results in a highly significant performance increase. Polarization measurements and EIS are used to study the electrochemical performances of the cells, to compare the architectured and planar ones. We isolate the influence of the architecturation on global impedance spectra by using an innovative comparison method based on the study of the relative gaps of the frequency-dependent resistance parts. Thus, the architecturation has a strongly favorable influence on the electrochemical performances by enhancing the catalytic capabilities of the electrodes as well as the charge transfer (and in particular the ion transfer) within the cell. The architecturation induces a 60 % increase of the maximum power density for the Type I cells and 75% for the Type II cells
Schweizer, Pia. "Analyse et quantification du lithium par le développement d'un dispositif innovant de spectrométrie et microanalyse X." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2024. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2024SORUS207.pdf.
Full textQuantitative analysis of lithium is feasible today, but relies on the use of destructive techniques. Local non-destructive quantitative analysis remains challenging using traditional laboratory spectroscopic methods. The aim of this thesis is to develop an innovative device for lithium quantification using electron probe microanalysis. By implementing a periodic multilayer and ultra-thin separation windows into the spectrometer of a Castaing microprobe, spectroscopy in the extreme low photon energy range, including Li K measurement was possible. Despite the significant analytical challenges, mainly linked to the specificities of the instrumentation and to various physical phenomena such as low lithium fluorescence yield and strong absorption of the characteristic photons in the sample, quantitative results were obtained for different materials with lithium mass fractions ranging from 4 % to 9 % and detection limits lower than one percent. Two different quantification approaches based on measurement with real standards and Monte Carlo simulations to create virtual standards were employed. In addition, experimental measurement of photon attenuation coefficients in the ultra-soft X-ray range provided precision to existing databases for different elements, helping to improve the accuracy of results. Despite persistent challenges, this work paves the way for further advances in lithium quantification by electron probe microanalysis and represents an important first step towards future development of this technique
Abou, Chacra Fouad. "Valorisation et optimisation du stockage d'énergie dans un réseau d'énergie électrique." Paris 11, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA112063.
Full textFor more than a century, electric transmission and distribution systems have been developed assuming that electric energy was almost impossible to store. Technical progress, new environmental requirements and electrical industry reforms now lead us to believe that storage in the future will be one of the main challenges in the development of power systems. Storage would have potential applications to deal with current technical constraints such as the system load, peakload value, faults in parts of the system, control issues, etc. And economic ones such as upgrades deferral, renewable energy deployment, etc. In this study, energy storage is considered in two startegic locations in the French power system: HT/MT substations and wind farms. Possible applications and economic flags are formulated and appropriate optimization methods (genetic algorithms, Pareto) are used to maximize the project net present value. This optimization results in defining optimal capacities and control strategies for the energy storage system, taken from a set of storage technologies suitable for this problem, and in assessing the technico-economic impact of energy storage as a solution in power systems
Mazouz, Khalid. "Stockage supraconducteur d'énergie magnétique pour alimentation impulsionnnelle." Besançon, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BESA2064.
Full textThis work comes within the framework of a general project dealing with the electromagnetic launch. Its main purpose is to design a pulsed power supply from a Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (S. M. E. S. ) able to deliver a high current pulse, during a short time, to rails of an electromagnetic launcher, identified by a resistance and an inductance. At the present day, the performances of superconducting wires lead us to retain a storage current level in the superconducting coil of about ten kA. The current pulse in the load, connected at a secondary winding not superconducting, is obtained by the fast discharge of the whole stored magnetic energy in the superconducting coil using a transformer effect. This discharge is carried out by opening the primary circuit of the transformer. The S. M. E. S. And the secondary coil have a toroidal geometry which is composed of a finite number of identical and circular elementary coils. Besides, they fit into each other in order to ensure a good magnetic coupling. The first stage of this study consists in justifying the choice of the S. M. E. S. Geometry. Two kinds of storage coil geometry are studied and compared : the solenoidal and the toroidal configuration. Several parameters are analysed such as the energy storage capacity and the stray magnetic field. The second part concerns the pulsed dischage study of the S. M. E. S. At first, the transformer without magnetic core is modelled. Afterwards, its electric and magnetic parameters are computed. The maximum current peak in the load is obtained by an impedance adaptation of the transformer secondary circuit. Its value depends on the primary and secondary time constants and the magnetic coupling coefficient of the transformer
Eustache, Etienne. "Microsystèmes de stockage d'énergie sur substrat 3D." Nantes, 2016. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=1e832b83-4efd-4a39-8aaf-10735e08b591.
Full textProviding autonomy to miniaturized electronic devices is a challenge. New research directions should be investigated in order to increase the performance of Liion microbatteries (MB) and micro-supercapacitors (MSC). Developing power sources with a 30 topology instead is a promising approach to surpass the planar devices energy density. Ln this exploratory thesis, we realized 30 structures at the micrometric scale by deep etching of a silicon substrate. This architecture is used as a common base to fabricate Li-ion MB and MSC. A TiO2 MB negative electrode has been realized by atomic layer deposition (ALD) on top of the microstructures. Electrochemical characterizations show a proportional increase (x30) of the capacity with the specific surface area of the 30 architecture. A conformal lithium phosphate (Li3P04) film has also been developed by ALD. The ionic conductivity (=4. 10-7 S/cm) and the limited thickness (60 nm) of the layer establish this material as a 30 MB potential solid-state electrolyte. Furthermore, MSC with interdigitated 30 electrodes have been fabricated. Mn02 thin films have been deposited by electrodeposition on top of the 30 substrate. Results demonstrate that this approach allow to achieve pseudocapacitive devices with high specific capacitance
Shao, Hui. "2D Ti3C2Tx MXenes pour le stockage électrochimique d'énergie." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30195.
Full textThis thesis aims at studying the electrochemical kinetics and charge storage mechanisms of two-dimensional Ti3C2Tx MXene electrodes in aqueous and non-aqueous electrolytes. In the first part of this thesis, the electrochemical behaviors of pseudocapacitive Ti3C2Tx MXene electrodes were analyzed in aqueous electrolytes using a multiple potential step chronoamperometry (MUSCA) technique specifically designed for this study. The MUSCA tool allows for building back cyclic voltammograms by minimizing ohmic drop contribution. The current can then be deconvoluted at any given potentials into surface and bulk contributions,especially at high scan rates. The calculated voltammograms are further used to achieve an electrochemical kinetic analysis of the Ti3C2Tx electrode; results showed that the surface process dominates at a higher scan rate while the bulk process takes over at the low scan rate in both acidic and alkaline electrolytes. Afterward, the charge storage mechanisms of the Ti3C2Tx electrodes in the acidic electrolyte was further studied by combining experimental and simulation approaches. It was demonstrated that the presence of H2O molecules in-between the MXene layers plays a critical role in the pseudocapacitive behavior, providing a pathway for proton transportation to activate the redox reaction of the Ti atoms. In the last part of the work, a new synthesis method of MXenes has been proposed from the etching of MAX phase precursors in Lewis acidic melts. This new method allows the synthesis of various MXenes, including from MAX phase precursors with A elements such as Si, Zn, and Ga which were difficult or impossible to prepare from conventional etching from HF containing aqueous electrolyte. Ti3C2Tx MXene material obtained through this molten salt synthesis method could achieve exceptional electrochemical performance in 1M LiPF6 carbonate-based electrolyte non-aqueous electrolytes, with capacity up to 738 C g^-1 (205 mAh g^-1) with high-rate performance and pseudocapacitive-like electrochemical signature, offering opportunities as the negative electrode in electrochemical energy storage devices
Bahrar, Myriam. "Contribution au développement et à l’analyse d’une enveloppe de bâtiment multifonctionnelle dans le cadre de l’optimisation du confort dans l’habitat." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSEE001/document.
Full textThe building sector has a great potential to improve energy efficiency and reduce the greenhouse gas emissions. Improvements to the building envelope and Innovations in building materials have the potential to achieve sustainability within the built environment. This PhD thesis focuses on the development of multifunctional façade elements in order to optimize the building energy consumption while maintaining an optimal indoor human thermal comfort. The proposed solution consist of using passive storage by means of phase change materials associated with alternative construction materials such as textile reinforced concrete (TRC). The aim of the study is to characterize mechanical and thermal properties of TRC composites and to evaluate the effect of PCMs on indoor thermal comfort. To meet these objectives, experimental devices have been set up for the characterization (at the component scale and in situ) of the mechanical and thermal behaviour of different TRC panels. In parallel, we have developed a numerical model for the prediction of wall temperature profiles. Finally, a multi-objective optimization of the façade elements is carried out using genetic algorithms to determine the better combinations able to combine the energy performance with the mechanical performance
Liu, Hui. "Stockage inter-saisonnier d'énergie solaire pour l'habitat par absorption." Chambéry, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CHAMS045.
Full textAn innovative concept of seasonal storage of solar energy for house heating by absorption is developed in this thesis. The process is introduced and described. The study of the storage capacity, the efficiency, the operating pressure, the temperature need for solar energy, the possible temperature for house heating, the material security and the material economy of seven absorption couples : CaC12/H2O, Glycerin/H2O, KOH/H2O, LiBr/H2O, LiCI/H2O, NaOH/H2O and H2O/NH3 is performed by a static simulation. A prototype of demonstration of the feasibility of the concept with the absorption couple CaC12/H2O is designed, dimensioned and built. It has been optimized, in order to minimize the number of components of the system. Experimentations are carried out at different operating conditions. The thermodynamic performances and the problems of the prototype are analyzed. As the experimental results are influenced by several factors, for a better understanding of the process, a dynamic simulation is developed to represent the prototype. The optimal functioning of the prototype is thus studied through the dynamic simulation. An global annual dynamic simulation is performed in order to obtain the annual performance of the seasonal storage system in a building. Models of the storage system, of a solar collector, a building and weather conditions are used. The characteristics such as the pressure, the temperature, the mass, the mass fraction, the power, the efficiency, the storage capacity etc. Of the storage system are presented and analyzed
Rizk, Rania. "Refroidissement passif de batteries lithium pour le stockage d'énergie." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMC228.
Full textThis thesis deals with the passive cooling of lithium-ion batteries. It consists of two large parts. The first part is an experimental and numerical study of the thermal behaviour of a battery and the second part is the experimental study of a passive system for the cooling of several batteries. An experimental test bench was designed to monitor the thermal evolution of batteries subjected to different currents. The prismatic batteries studied are made of lithium-iron-phosphate and have a capacity of 60 Ah. In a first step, the thermal behaviour of a battery subjected to charge / discharge cycles is experimentally characterized. We show that the temperature is not uniform at the surface of the battery and the hottest area is identified. In a second step, a three-dimensional numerical model was developed to predict the temperature at any point of the battery. This thermal model makes it possible to predict in particular the temperatures inside the battery, not measured experimentally and this, for different currents. The model input data are from experimental trials and literature. This phase of thermal characterization of the battery is essential for the design of a cooling system. Finally, an experimental study of a passive cooling system based on heat pipes and finned plates is carried out. Several configurations are tested progressively with improvements leading finally to a system with ten heat pipes with vertical finned plates at the condenser combined with finned plates placed on the faces of the batteries
Morel, Alban. "Matériaux nanocomposite pour le stockage de l'énergies." Nantes, 2015. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=98e08281-f7e6-4d77-bbab-26384f79814f.
Full textThis thesis is specifically aimed at studying the feasibility and the performance of a hybrid device VN/KOHaq/Co3O4 so as to enhance the volumetric energy and power density of electrochemical capacitor (ECs). The two electrode materials present a density 8 times larger than the usual capacitive carbon material, used in ECs, as well as a larger capacity per mass unit due to their pseudocapacitive (VN) and faradaic (C0304) properties. Considering that high power density and long cycle life make ECs attractive for some applications, it is important to ensure that each material fulfills these specifications. As a first step, the feasibility of establishing a molecular bridge between Co3O4 nanoparticles and carbon fibers and its effect on the electrochemical performance of the nanocomposite material were investigated. In a second phase, this films of vanadium nitride were prepared in order to determine the suitable conditions required to ensure a long cycle life of the electrode. Moreover, the charge storage processes of these VN electrodes were investigated in different electrolytes. Finally, a VN/KOHaq lCo3O4 microdevice was realized and electrochemically characterized
Cimuca, Gabriel-Octavian. "Système inertiel de stockage d'énergie associé à des générateurs éoliens." Phd thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2005. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001955.
Full textCisneros, Robin. "Production et stockage d'énergie : de la DSSC au photo-accumulateur." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0173.
Full textThe aim of this work was to imagine and to develop a new system able to produce and store energy from sunlight in a single device. For this purpose, the photo-sensitive electrode of a DSSC has been adapted to an electrochemical accumulator. The first part of this work was to develop a new spectroscopic technique, called EIS-λ and based on electrochemical impedance spectroscopy combined to incident light wavelength sweep. This technique has proved its capacity to identify and quantify the different mechanisms of electron transfer over the surface of the semiconducting material and their dependency to incident wavelength, together with the various deactivation processes of the excited state of the sensitizer. Then, we investigated the best conditions to use two different co-adsorbents — namely bis-methoxyphenylphosphinic acid, or BMPP, and chenodesoxycholic acid, or CDCA — with the reference sensitizer N719. The shield and anti-π-stacking activities of the two coadsorbents has been characterized using EIS-λ technique. DSSC with a photo-conversion yield of 8,3% has been prepared in the lab using BMPP in a ratio [co-ads]/[S] = 1 while reference conditions – namely with CDCA in a ratio [co-ads]/[S] = 10 — only gave 7,2%. Besides, we have designed and synthesized three original hydrophilic ruthenium complexes, then tested their photo-conversion properties in DSSC with 100% aqueous electrolytes. Such systems, with the selected co-adsorbents, allowed 1,31% photo-conversion yield to be obtained, which is two times larger than the efficiency exhibited by N719 in the same electrolyte conditions. Finally the best combination sensitizer / co-adsorbent has been selected to achieve a photo-sensitive electrode which has been implemented in an original electrochemical accumulator with aqueous electrolytes. This system represents the first functional device of a 100% aqueous accumulator, which is photo-reloadable with a photosensitized mesoporous electrode