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Academic literature on the topic 'Matériaux de construction géo-sourcés'
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Journal articles on the topic "Matériaux de construction géo-sourcés"
Némoz, Sophie. "Bâtir les humanités environnementales des matériaux géo-sourcés : construction et déconstruction des passerelles franco-germaniques." Revue d’Allemagne et des pays de langue allemande 50, no. 2 (December 30, 2018): 377–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/allemagne.965.
Full textBorderie, Quentin, Rowena Banerjea, Stéphane Bonnet, Yannick Devos, Cristiano Nicosia, Christophe Petit, Ferréol Salomon, Nathalie Schneider, Barbora Wouters, and Patrice Wuscher. "Géoarchéologies des contextes urbains : mieux comprendre les modalités de l'artificialisation des géosystèmes." Archimède. Archéologie et histoire ancienne 7 (June 9, 2020): 141–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.47245/archimede.0007.act.04.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Matériaux de construction géo-sourcés"
Petkova, Natalia. "Form follows material ? : Stories of building in massive stone today." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris Est, 2023. https://these.univ-paris-est.fr/intranet/2023/TH2023PESC2017.pdf.
Full textStone. If the number of published projects, magazine features, workshops, university courses,exhibitions, and conferences articulated around its structural use is anything to go by, the age-oldbuilding material appears to be undergoing something of a revival in contemporary architecture. Alongside other bio or geo-sourced building materials, portrayed as ecological alternatives totheir synthetic counterparts (mainly concrete, steel and fired brick) stone has been the object ofgrowing enthusiasm among professionals of the built environment as well as the wider public in anumber of West European countries. This enthusiasm for so-called natural materials coincideswith a broader shift in how architecture today is presented, discussed and its quality evaluated,largely inspired by the material turn within the field of material studies around the year 2000 thatsaw a flourishing of interest in things, their agency, fabrication, exchange and raw matter. Thisshift has seen concern for the style, function or symbolic content of buildings largely supersededby an attention to the materials they are made of. It has tended to privilege social, cultural,economic and environmental considerations around the making, use and after-life of buildings, attimes minimising and sidelining questions of form — the physical essence and shape ofbuildings.The principal thesis defended in Form follows Material? is that the espousal of the material turnin architectural research, immensely valuable as it has been in expanding the discipline’s horizonof concern, also carries the potential to fundamentally challenge how we think about form, itscentral preoccupation. The research thus set out to explore what employing stone in structure isdoing to contemporary architecture, in terms of both uses and form. Its objective has been less tod educe an overarching theory of building in massive stone today than to induce useful ways ofinterpreting the trend as it continues to evolve. Each of the nine chapters represents oneperspective through which we might begin to situate it within recent architectural history and to consider its consequences for contemporary architectural theory and practice. These perspectiveshave emerged out of my ethnographic fieldwork around a series of building projects in themaking (drawn by Atelier Archiplein, Atelier Architecture Perraudin, Aulets Arquitectes, InstitutBalear de l’Habitatge IBAVI et Caruso St John Architects) in Switzerland, Spain and England —where a critical mass of interest in the material is developing. The thesis thus considers stoneused for structural — that is to say load-bearing or self-supporting — purposes in construction today in terms of: the reasons for choosing to employ it; the logic of its supply; the expertise itcalls upon; its purported moral underpinnings; the labour involved in its extraction and transformation; its brutalist tendencies; stylistic associations; and finally, its capacity to last
Rosa, Latapie Séverine. "Modélisation et optimisation des performances thermiques des matériaux bio et géosourcés par approche multi-échelle : apport à la valorisation d'une large gamme de co-produits agricoles." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Toulouse (2023-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024TLSES152.
Full textThe challenges of the 21st century require energy and environmental issues to be central concerns for society. The building sector, one of the most environmentally-impacting, must seize this opportunity to ensure a rapid, relevant and sustainable transition. The use of bio- and geo-based building materials allows improvements in indoor comfort and energy efficiency to be achieved, while reducing the building environmental impact. Hemp concrete is a promising alternative which has been developing for several years. However, many agricultural by-products - other than hemp shives - can be used in construction materials. Moreover, they are widely available thanks to the various local crops (sunflower, rapeseed, flax, etc.). Nevertheless, numerous obstacles explain the delicate insurability of these eco-materials, which currently limits their large-scale use for distributed insulation. Their complex behavior, when subjected to temperature and relative humidity variations, is probably one of the main obstacles to be overcome. The aim of this thesis work is therefore to gain a better understanding of the physical phenomena involved in these materials, to model them and to propose models for predicting their thermal behavior. It is mainly based on analytical homogenization techniques (Mori Tanaka and Double Inclusion) allowing the variability of thermal conductivity to be taken into account under use conditions. By considering a strategic scale, the plant particle one, it is possible to extend the approach to a wide range of agricultural co-products. The proposed multi-scale analysis enables the thermo-hygric behavior of these eco-materials to be predicted and optimized even before the manufacturing stage, and as a support for experimental work. This research is expected to encourage the emergence of local economies based on healthy, efficient and environmentally-friendly construction materials. They represent strategic levers in the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions targeted by the Green Pact for Europe between now and 2030
Colson, Valentin. "Panneaux composites bio-sourcés destinés à l'isolation des bâtiments : caractérisation des ressources et procédé de production." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REN1S031.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to develop new insulation composites from agricultural by-products for building applications. The research work is divided in three main steps : The first one focuses on the formulation of bio-based composites obtained by agglomeration of vegetal aggregates with different types of binders (bio-based or mineral binders), and on the characterization of their mechanical, thermal and hygric properties. Several bio-aggregates are envisaged (wheat straw, rape straw, flax shiv, hemp shiv and corn cob). A solution combining hemp shiv aggregates bonded with a bio-based thermosetting adhesive is selected. The next step aims to identify a suitable manufacturing process to produce rigid insulation panels using the previously determined composite formulation. Several manufacturing trials are conducted on different laboratory and industrial tools which allow to experiment existing manufacturing technologies. The possibility to produce the rigid insulation panel from hemp shiv at the industrial scale on a fully automatized production line is demonstrated. Finally, new solutions to improve the fire reaction of the insulation panels are tested which allows to identify suitable solutions for the developed composites
Zarzour, Noura. "Modélisation, identification structurelle et estimation du facteur de comportement pour les bâtiments en maçonnerie géo-sourcée dans les zones sismiques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024COAZ5056.
Full textThe use of new low-carbon construction materials in seismic areas requires the assessment of the structure ductility in order to properly design the building. The lack of accurate structural performance estimation limits the use of green construction materials.A reliable methodology is established for the seismic design of buildings constructed using geo-sourced materials. In particular, a pilot project of compressed earth block (CEB) masonry building in a medium-high seismic hazard zone in Southern France is developed. Starting from the experimental characterization of material mechanical parameters, the seismic design approach focuses on the modal characteristics of the structure, the expected building ductility, and seismic performance assessment in terms of both displacement and force.The equivalent frame model adopted for structural design of load-bearing masonry is validated for two case studies: a rubble stone masonry building and a CEB masonry building. The model validation process consists of the comparison of natural frequencies and mode shapes obtained by both numerical and operational modal analysis. In this context, a measurement campaign provides the structural response to ambient vibrations and then, the modal parameters and structural damping are obtained by structural identification tools. The modal analysis highlights the impact of timber slab stiffness on the dynamic response of masonry buildings. It is shown that a stiffer timber slab with a reinforced topping improves the structural behavior of the masonry structure under seismic loading, yielding to global mode shapes.The stability verification of the building structure at the near collapse limit state is performed in terms of target to capacity displacement ratio, but it is suggested to verify also in terms of force, since it can be more restrictive in some instances and less dependent on the convergence of numerical procedures.The behavior factor in seismic codes for building design is defined for typical construction materials based on damage observation and numerical models. A specific assessment is needed when new construction materials are adopted because building codes provide only boundary values. This thesis proposes a procedure for estimating the behavior factor that is applied to geo-sourced masonry buildings, but it could be adopted for any construction material. The methodology proposed to estimate the force reduction factor, and then the behavior factor, integrates both the seismic demand and building capacity. For this reason, this methodology can be considered as a capacity-demand-based approach. A nonlinear quasi-static analysis is coupled with dynamic analyses and the behavior factor is obtained on a statistical basis. The results are compared with the estimations obtained using demand-based, capacity-based and N2-based approaches. The impact of adopting a three-dimensional building model or an equivalent single-degree-of-freedom system with these methodologies is analyzed.The proposed capacity-demand-based-method provides, with a reduced computation time, a reliable estimation of the force reduction factor, close to the values obtained using the capacity-based-approach applied to a three-dimensional building model that is considered as a reference. Consequently, considering their reliability and efficiency, the proposed methodology for the behavior factor estimation is suitable for professional practice
Guiheneuf, Simon. "Formulation et renforts de blocs en matériau terre pour une utilisation structurelle." Thesis, Rennes, INSA, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020ISAR0007.
Full textIn the actual context of accelerated climate change and increase in global population, the building industry must face crucial challenges: decrease its environmental impact while offering housing solutions for the humankind. To answer it, the development of new bio-based and local building materials appears to be a much-needed ecological alternative to cementitious materials that presents significant environmental footprint. This PhD work aims to develop earth-based blocks with guaranteed mechanical properties in order to build 3-storey buildings. These earths, stabilized using bio-based additions but without any cement or lime, are locally sourced. Therefore, three earths that represent the local variability of resources are first characterised. Then, the rheological behaviour of each type of earth mix is assessed in order to adapt earth mix-design to each studied forming process (compaction, vibro-compaction, casting and extrusion. Mechanical performances at the dry state and in-service life of each earth mix-design are measured for all studied processing routes. Finally, some durability properties of the Britanysourced earth-based materials are described: capillary absorption, erosion and immersion resistance. Obtained results show that produced blocks are as performant as cementstabilized earth materials and allow to consider the semi-industrial development of earth-based blocks fabrication units for structural purpose with limited environmental footprint
Harb, Elias. "Évaluation des performances hygrothermiques d'une paroi à base de pulpe de betterave." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Reims, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024REIMS004.
Full textIn the face of climate change and the high energy consumption of the building sector, the use of low-impact and recyclable materials derived from biological sources represents a promising solution to mitigate this issue.The aim of this thesis is to explore the hygrothermal performance at the building scale of a new bio-sourced material based on beet pulp and potato starch, with a mass ratio of 0.4, previously developed, characterized, and optimized in previous studies at the material scale.At the beginning of this study, an in-depth experimental investigation was conducted on the material's microstructure, as well as on the drying kinetics and mechanical performance of the two types of bricks (solid and perforated). A superior performance of the perforated bricks compared to the solid bricks was observed. Subsequently, the study was furthered by an analytical, numerical, and experimental analysis of the thermal performance of the perforated bricks. The results showed good agreement between the three analyses conducted.Finally, the analysis of the hygrothermal properties of the studied bio-composite was carried out at the building scale. The overall energy performance, total water content, drying rate, condensation risk, dynamic thermal behavior, as well as the analysis of mold growth risk for four different insulation configurations were numerically evaluated in two distinct climatic conditions in France. This study enabled us to determine its adaptability to various climatic conditions
Mikhailenko, Peter. "Valorization of by-products and products from agro-industry for the development of release and rejuvenating agents for bituminous materials." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30094/document.
Full textThe growing health and environmental concerns brought on by the use of petroleum based products in the asphalt construction industry have necessitated the development of alternatives. Infrastructure, especially that involving transportation has many uses for petroleum products including, as fuel, as well as in asphalt pavement construction - where petroleum products have traditionally constituted the binder for the mix as well as the rejuvenating agents (for asphalt recycling) - along with various agents used in the construction process including bitumen removers and asphalt release agents. Thus, there is a need to replace petroleum base agents with bio-sourced and biodegradable substitutes. The present work is part of a project to develop bio-sourced (recycled from agricultural waste) products for the construction industry. This work is dedicated to developing products relating to the asphalt industry. Two types of product applications were envisioned: i) an asphalt release agent (ARA) and ii) an asphalt rejuvenating agent. Additionally, a bitumen remover (BR) developed as part of the work on the ARA. ARAs prevent asphalt from adhering to tools and equipment used in asphalt production, without producing overly negative side effects with regards to the pavement. Three principal tests methods were developed and optimized for the performance and damage to asphalt of the ARAs. The asphalt slide test was developed to quantify the performance of the ARA by sliding hot asphalt mix down a plate with the ARA applied. The testing of the damage to asphalt from ARAs consisted of testing an asphalt cylinder - in contact with an ARA for seven days - in indirect-tensile strength (ITS). The bitumen degradation test consisted of submerging a bitumen sample in an agent over a certain time and weighing the bitumen that did not dissolve in the agent. This was followed by the observation of the bitumen-ARA chemical interaction by FTIR spectrometry. This test served as an assessment of ARA damage to bitumen as well as of the performance of BRs. The testing of the commercial ARAs from both the French and USA markets found that they had two primary modes of functioning: i) by softening the bitumen and ii) by forming an interface between the asphalt and the metal surface. While some agents had elements of both, it was found that interface agents are preferable, due to the ability to use a single ARA application for multiple occasions. With this completed, a water-based bio-sourced substrate ARA - based on glycerol derived from agricultural waste - was developed. The commercially available BRs were tested as well, finding that i) the most effective BRs had the highest ester concentration and ii) that highly concentrated short chained ester (C7-10) were very effective bitumen dissolvers. The goal of rejuvenating agents is to regenerate the old bitumen from recycled asphalt pavement (RAP) by restoring the original properties and ensuring the stability of these properties over time. This part consisted of the development of methods for bitumen and aging, as well as characterization of the chemical rejuvenation of bitumen by FTIR spectrometry (including imaging) and thermogravimetric analysis. A bio-sourced rejuvenating agent was evaluated as well. For the imaging, a mastic polishing method was developed in order to attain as samples as flat as possible for the analysis. The bitumen rejuvenation was observed using FTIR spectroscopy analysis. Several peaks (notably IC=O and IS=O) were observed for bitumen oven aged up to 42 days (long term). It was found that an oven aging period of 14 days was roughly equivalent to bitumen aged by a RTFOT+PAV cycle it terms of rheology and penetration. The mastic (aged for 14 days) was then combined with a bio-sourced agent (at 7.5%w of mastic). It was found by FTIR imaging that the oxidation indicator IS=O, was reduced by the incorporation of the rejuvenating agent
Viel, Marie. "Développement de composites bio-sourcés destinés à l’isolation des bâtiments." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN1S122/document.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to develop new bio-based building insulating materials which contribute to reduce their environmental impacts. The developed materials shall have low embodied energy and low carbon footprint. They shall contribute to reduce energy needs of buildings and to ensure high hygrothermal comfort of users. First, raw materials from agricultural resources (hemp shiv, flax shiv, wheat straw, rape straw and corn cobs) are characterized from a chemical, physical, hygrothermal and mechanical point of view, with a aim of developing bio-based composites for the thermal insulation of buildings. Their chemical composition is interesting for the development of green binder. A study to assess this ability is carried out. At the end of the study, two binders corresponding to extractions performed on corn cobs and flax fines are developped. Other binders from industry are also selected for composite production. Then, composites are produced to study the influence of aggregates, binder, granulometry of aggregates, alkaline pre-treatment of aggregates and compaction pressure applied during the processing of composites on their hygrothermal performances and mechanical properties. Finally, the resistance to accidental immersion and humidity and the reaction to fire of the most promising formulations are studied
Postdam, Gérémie. "Développement de composites bio-sourcés à base de fibres de canne à sucre : caractérisation mécanique et acoustique." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017UBFCK022/document.
Full textFor reasons of comfort, modern constructions require acoustic and thermal insulating materials, offering good mechanical performances. In this context, the valorization of plant fibres from the agro-food industry presents economic and environmental benefits. Thus, the aim of the present study is to develop a multifunctional sugarcane fibres reinforced epoxy porous composite combining good acoustic and mechanical properties.The study of the bagasse fibres geometry has shown that fibres’ length and diameter distribution can be fitted by lognormal laws. Composites manufactured by thermocompression process with an epoxy matrix were characterized using an experimental design whose parameters were the diameter of the fibres (between 0.5 and 4 mm) and their mass ratio (between 40 and 70%). The study of acoustic properties showed that the sound absorption increases with the diameter of the fibres, while decreasing with their mass proportion, over a frequency range between 500 and 1000 Hz. Mechanical characterisation by bending tests, has showed a fragile behavior, with deviations of stiffness and maximum stress around 36%. The stereo-correlation image analysis confirmed the heterogeneity of the strain fields throughout the thickness, in relation to the fracture observation
Tobon, Monroy Ana Maria. "Etude de la potentialité du développement de micro-organismes sur des matériaux d'isolation bio-sourcés et conventionnels utilisés dans la rénovation de batiments : impacts sur la qualité de l'air intérieur." Thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Atlantique Bretagne Pays de la Loire, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020IMTA0185.
Full textIn an ecological and environnemental transition contexte, enhacing building energy efficiency has become a major objectif for the society. One possible solution to reach this goal is the use of bio-based insulation materials in building retrofitting and new low energy constructions. However, as they are hygroscopic, it is important to avoid humidity accumulation within these materials because it may promote mould growth and influence volatile organic compounds (VOC) emissions from materials, degradating indoor’s air quality. This thesis aimed to asses the potentiality of bio-based and conventional insulation materials to mould growth and to study VOC emissions from non-contaminated and contaminated materials. The results showed a variety of responses from the materials to mould growth. Regarding VOC emissions, the studied materials are low emissive when it comes to reglamentary compounds but other VOC are emitted from these materials. In adittion, an influence of high relative humidity on VOC emission was observed. Therafter, 15 microbial VOC (mVOC) associated with Aspergillus niger growth, were identified