Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Matériaux de construction durables'
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Simons, Alexis. "Caractérisation et maîtrise de la prolifération microbienne dans des produits biosourcés pour des bâtiments sains et durables." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30246/document.
Full textImpacts of building on environment and on health of inhabitants are nowadays priority issues. The interest for earthen materials is increasing for many reasons (ecological, economical, etc.), but some questions are raised about their fungal proliferation sensitivity considering the quality of indoor air. This work consists in characterizing by cultural and metabarcoding methods the fungal and bacterial communities on the surface of earthen building materials, biobased or not, and raw materials. Detected fungi are related to those which are identified in conventional buildings. The addition of vegetal fibers don't modify the fungal communities structure, but make the material more favorable for proliferation. The fungal development appears only under water damage condition. Biocontrol methods with bacteria have been initiated in order to inhibit the fungal proliferation on these materials
Niang, Ibrahim. "Contribution à la certification des bâtiments durables au Sénégal : cas d'étude des matériaux de construction biosourcés à base de Typha." Thesis, Reims, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REIMS030.
Full textThis work is a part of PNEEB/Typha project (National Program for Energy Efficiency of Buildings) for the valorisation of an invasive reed, the Typha Australis, as a thermal insulator to improve the energy efficiency of buildings in Senegal. An agromaterial based on clay soil and Typha Australis is elaborated in order to evaluate the influence of the amount and fibres morphology on the material behaviour. For this, two production mode of granulates are chosen: longitudinal and transversal cut. Physical properties are studied (porosity, apparent, and absolute density, microstructure) and mechanical strength is determined. Sound absorption is also evaluated, as well as hygrothermal properties, and fire behaviour. Results show that granulate morphology affects the mechanical shear and flexure behaviour, as well as the acoustic absorption. Its impact on the compression strength is less pronounced. A greater portion of Typha fibers reduces the mechanical strength. However, hygrothermal performances are increased due to the aggregates porosity. Typha transverse fraction improves thermal resistance and increase water vapor transfer. This study also shows that these materials are excellent moisture regulators. Finally, fire tests reveal that it can be classified as combustible but non-flammable due to the clay presence. The fibres shape does not have a great influence
Ouedraogo, Kouka Amed Jérémy. "Stabilisation de matériaux de construction durables et écologiques à base de terre crue par des liants organiques et/ou minéraux à faibles impacts environnementaux." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30199.
Full textIn the climate change mitigation context, unfired earth materials are a valuable alternative to cement concrete for reducing the construction sector related CO2 emission. However, this millenary construction material still has to meet current standards on mechanical and water resistance requirements. Hence, most industrial applications and papers on unfired earth stabilization use cement and lime for the stabilization of earth. But (Van Damme et al., 2017) pointed out the fact the high embodied energy of mineral binders and the high amount used for earth stabilization lead to doubt about the environmental friendliness of those solutions given their low improvement of the mechanical strengths. Yet, ancient earthen buildings and vernacular construction techniques in the worldwide showed the stabilization potential of some biopolymers. The so-called organic binders are food industry byproducts, which use for ancient earthen building renovation and vernacular techniques are recently revealed in some studies. Our study aims to propose a stabilization of earth for modern buildings with a good compromise between mechanical and water resistance performance on the one hand, and environmental impact on the other hand. A discussion on the relevance of proposing unfired earth bricks stabilized with cement and hydrated lime as an alternative to hollow concrete blocks led to limit the binder's content to 4% wt. of the dry soil. Preliminary tests on nine biopolymers have identified a few promising organic binders upstream, including ovalbumin (egg white protein), which does not require pre-activation. Thus, this organic binder as well as Portland cement and hydrated lime were used at 0, 2, and 4% to stabilize two soils (B and N) from the Occitanie region with different mineralogical characteristics. The results on compressive strength showed that the curing is necessary to guarantee the effectiveness of the mineral binders. In addition, the increase in manufacturing dry density at least equal to that of unstabilized soils' ones considerably improves the effectiveness of the stabilization. The improvement in dry compressive strength is greater on soil B, which is mainly composed of kaolinite, than on soil N, which is composed of montmorillonite and chlorite. However, on water resistance (wet compressive strength), it is the soil N that is better. Overall the formulations, those with 4% cement and ovalbumin at a manufacturing density equal to that of the soils alone, comply with the minimum resistance criteria both in the dry and wet state given in the French standard (XP P 13-901, 2001) standard. The surprise of this study is that ovalbumin gives much better mechanical performances and better durability (water resistance) than cement and lime for the same contents. In terms of hygrothermal performance, we have observed that the addition of binders reduces the hygroscopic capacities of soils. But they remain good according to the Nordtest criterion up to 4% addition of binder. It's worth mentioning that ovalbumin reduces soil hygroscopy much more than other binders. The thermal conductivity measured on mixtures with densities equal to the density of soils alone does not change. This confirms the observations made in the literature about the correlation between the dry density of materials and their thermal conductivities. Classical mineralogical analysis techniques (XRD, IR spectroscopie, and TGA) were used in order to explain the mechanisms of the stabilizations. But they only highlighted the well-known mechamisms of the stabilization with mineral binders unlike the ones of ovalbumin for which further investigations are still required
Tran, Van Huong. "Optimisations mécaniques des constructions en matériaux locaux." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Vaulx-en-Velin, École nationale des travaux publics de l’État, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENTP0014.
Full textLocal materials used in civil engineering are directly available on construction site or close places. Among these materials, we studied soil, the rubble stone masonry (stone masonry associated with clay mortar or lime mortar), and the pudding concrete. New constructions using local materials are promising to compete with conventional materials, due to their low embodied energy and reduction of waste. However, until now, these constructions remain limited in the world and particularly in France, due to difficulties of implementation: low strength, lack of design rules and implementation guide. Therefore, the general objective of this thesis is to facilitate the use of local material to build the sustainable constructions. So, study in material and structural scales has been done on this type of construction. At the scale of the material, the mechanical behavior of the local materials has been studied by determining their mechanical properties by laboratory tests. An optimization procedure for the composition of the materials according to their strength has also been proposed for earthen materials (compacted earth, mixed earth and concrete of pudding). At the structural scale, mechanical and dynamical behaviors of constructions using local materials have been studied on some structures. Firstly, the mechanical behavior of a new stone masonry bridge was studied by measuring its displacements at the stage of the formwork removal. The singular profile of the displacements field with a singularity for voussoirs very close to the keystone was found. A 2D numerical analysis of the formwork removal using DEM was proposed to provide better insight on mechanisms that took place on site. The reduction of the extent of the contact zone between the voussoirs enabled finding the peculiar displacement field observed on-site. Secondly, the dynamic behavior of an old rubble stone masonry building was studied by determining its dynamic characteristics using in-situ measurements of background noise. Then, a 3D numerical model using FEM was validated by comparing with experimental results. Seismic vulnerability of the building was also estimated by a simulation of the seismic actions in this model according to EC8. Thirdly, an optimization procedure for the arch shape was proposed in the case of concrete of pudding stone house. The principle of justification of the stability using the yield design analysis was also discussed
Zhu, Xiaodong. "Étude à l'échelle nanométrique du nano-revêtement organique efficace sur la surface de la pâte de ciment dans un environnement agressif pour des matériaux de construction durables." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2023. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/ToutIDP/EDENGSYS/2023/2023ULILN035.pdf.
Full textImproving the life-time of cement paste is a significant challenge in construction sector. Surface treatment approaches, such as surface coating, surface pore sealing, and surface impregnation, have been playing a significant role to improve the durability of cement-based structures especially in preventing surface deterioration and damage. Experimental investigations indicate that surface coating, acting as a physical barrier, is an effective way for enhancing the durability of materials by avoiding the penetration either of water or hazards substances. Due to the experimental observation limitations, there is an urgency need to deeper delve the atomic level to understand the mechanism behind the success hydrophobic behavior of cement surface modified with a nano-coating treatment.Therefore, this dissertation adopts a nano-scale level study to understand and control the nano-coating process to engineer an impermeable hydrophobic Calcium-Silicate-Hydrate (CSH) surface through nano-coating of epoxy and rubber films under aggressive environment. To this end, Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations based on a combination potential of a general force field (CLAYFF) and the consistent-valence force field (CVFF) have been employed to represent the interatomic interactions between CSH and epoxy or rubber films. A developed realistic model has been used to represent the CSH nanostructure.The thesis is dedicated, first, to study deeply the hydrated surface properties of CSH paste in order to thoroughly understand the hydrophilic nature of the (001) CSH surface. Then, a fully investigation has been performed on the interfacial interaction and adhesion properties between epoxy resins nano-coating and CSH surface. For that, we use diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) as epoxy monomer and m-phenylenediamine (MPD) as hardener. Thereafter, an in-depth analysis of a hydrophobic rubber nano-coating process onto CSH surface is explored. Four types of rubber are employed, as TPI (1,4-trans-Polyisoprene), CPI (1,4-cis-Polyisoprene), TPB (1,4-trans-Polybutadiene), and CPB (1,4-cis-Polybutadiene). Finally, the present work is devoted to analyze the interfacial deterioration process between epoxy/rubber nano-coating of CSH surfaces under aggressive environment, like a salty water (4 wt.% of NaCl).Results obtained indicate that epoxy and rubber coated CSH surface energy are drastically dropped to the range of 33.7 mJ/m2- 48.4 mJ/m2, which extremely reduces the hydrophilicity of the CSH surface. The averaged contact angle between water-nanodroplet and rubber coated CSH surface is found in range of 92.85° and 98.11°. The calculated interfacial adhesion between organic-coatings (epoxy and rubber) and CSH is in range of 49.42 mJ/m2 to 102.81 mJ/m2. Additionally, m-phenylenediamine (MPD) would highly improve the epoxy nano-coating efficiency. Regarding rubber nano-coating, it is found that coating process with TPI (1,4-trans-Polyisoprene) and CPB (1,4-cis-Polybutadiene) than CPI (1,4-cis-Polyisoprene) and TPB (1,4-trans-Polybutadiene) will enhance efficiently the impermeability of CSH paste. Under aggressive conditions, non-fully epoxy nano-coating is detached more distorted in 4 wt.% of NaCl solution due to the chlorine ions, which are responsible to attack the CSH surface. A continuous well-distributed rubber nano-coating is capable to make CSH impermeable under harsh environment leading to a promising future for sustainable cementitious materials.The doctoral thesis concludes the feasibility and reliability of nano-coating by rubber film to prevent the interfacial deterioration of CSH surfaces in aggressive environment and to improve the impermeability of nano-coated CSH surfaces for more durable cementitious materials
Li, Hang. "Utilisation de matériaux bois intelligents pour la gestion durable des infrastructures." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30288/document.
Full textFor fifteen years, we restart to construct with wood, and particularly with glulam to respond to the new challenges imposed by the issues of sustainable development. However, degradation issues related to moisture content (MC) or wetting/drying cycles limit the development of timber structures. As a result, the MC monitoring in timber structures becomes a critical issue. Today, several solutions exist but they do not allow a local monitoring in the lamellas of glulam. Such a solution would improve the prediction of the service life of timber structures. In the light of this observation, we proposed to transform glulam into "smart material" by embedding a MC monitoring system in the lamellas, and this, considering the major constraints of fabrication of this material (small glue line thickness, important bonding pressure, etc.). To achieve this, we have conducted a bibliographic research, in order to select the monitoring methods which can satisfy these constraints. According to this research, two technologies turn out to be interesting: the electrical measurements and the ultrasonic measurements. Several measurement configurations were proposed and tested in this PhD work. Thereafter, we conducted preliminary tests to make sure of the good functionality of these measurement configurations, and also to verify the behavior of sensors throughout the glulam fabrication process. Afterwards, we moistened the specimens with two different moistening protocols in order to verify the feasibility of MC monitoring with embedded sensors. Results showed that all the measurement configurations are operational for the MC monitoring in glulam specimens. Moreover, for electrical measurements, our results show that we can adopt almost the same calibration models for the MC monitoring by resistive measurements, no matter the type of sensors used. Furthermore, it is possible to obtain complementary information by the realization of the resistive and capacitive measurements at the same time, using surface electrodes. Regarding the ultrasonic measurements, we have obtained the sensibility curves in frequency of several families of piezoelectric film sensors. On the other hand, the influence of bonding pressure and of sensor distance on the electrical/ultrasonic measurements was also investigated in this study. Future studies will consist in using these measurement configurations to perform in situ monitoring in timber structures, and also to establish a link between the durability of glulam structures and the wetting/drying cycles in order to predict the service life of timber structures
Zmamou, Hafida. "Eco-conception de nouveaux agromatériaux à partir de cendre de chaudière biomasse. Relation structures-propriétés." Rouen, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ROUES055.
Full textValorizing the industrial by-products int alternative materials for road engineering according to SETRA recommendations is a major scientific challenge for the environment and the circular economy. The Wastepaper Sludge Ash (WSA) is a waste material that comes from the recycled paper industry. Previous studies showed that they have hydraulic and/or pouzzolanic properties. These by-products being available in large quantities at attractive cost are an asset for material valorization. To use alternative materials is in perfect adequacy with the fact of valorizing WSA in road engineering. As binders, WSA having a low impact in terms of carbon print compared to usual hydraulic binders. This research work was undertaken to valorize as eco-materials, important volumes of WSA. Two application fields were selected. They consern the implementation of an innovative road material for road engineering and territorial management, and the eco-design of agromaterials for construction. This work proposes two experimental approaches : (1) on optimization of the matrix based on WSA and mineral additives and (ii) addition of natural aggregates for making eco-agromaterials. The natural aggregates are renewabke resources obtained from agriculture. These chosen aggregates are local resources, using local handcraft, and mobilizing the local expertise for short circuit of material valorization. The study contains four parts : (1) formulations and implementation of eco-materials, (2) analysis of their mechanical behavior, their durability and long-term behavior, (3) a study of environmental behavior and (4) a microstructural analysis of eco-materials. The WSA treatment with water and mineral additives decreases considerably their environmental impact. The correlation between these parameters allowed obtaining an eco-material (A) and eco-agromaterial (AG) potentially recoverable in road engineering. The practice takes into account the change of scale i. E. Transition from the laboratory scale to the pilot scale, this aspect was studied. On one hand a reduced road platform and two pedestrian pathways constituting the test on site for validation have been performed. On the other hand, series of materials, i. E. Pavements, bricks and concrete blocks were made. It was possible to conclude that a mixture composed with 95% WSA + 5% cement or 95 % WSA + 5% cement + 2% hemp shives gives the best promising mixes for these two applications
El, boukhari Mohamed. "« Analyse expérimentale du comportement mécanique et thermiqued'un béton et d'un mortier allégés par des grignons d'olives : Application au bâtiment »." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Reims, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023REIMS040.
Full textThe management of agricultural waste and the promotion of sustainable building materials offer many considerable benefits. By integrating sustainable practices into the construction sector, we have the ability to reduce our ecological footprint by limiting the excessive exploitation of natural resources. The research conducted in this study aims to develop a lightweight structural concrete and cement mortar using organic olive pomace aggregates. Two types of aggregates were used, depending on whether they were mixed with or without olive mill wastewater. The main objective of this study is to experimentally evaluate the mechanical and thermal properties of lightened concrete and mortar specimens in comparison with ordinary concrete and mortar specimens. They were prepared using dry and saturated olive pomace aggregates, with a percentage substitution of natural sand ranging from 0% to 15%. The results showed that the optimal formulation for producing lightweight concrete consists of 5% dry olive pomace aggregates mixed with olive mill wastewater. This formulation offers better mechanical properties, including a compressive strength of 25 MPa, a tensile strength of 4.61 MPa, and a dynamic modulus of elasticity of 44.39 GPa. Additionally, the resulting material has a reduced dry bulk density, leading to a decrease of approximately 5.69% compared to the reference concrete. For cement mortar, the best results were obtained with a mixture containing 5% dry olive pomace aggregates mixed with olive mill wastewater. The results showed a marginal effect on compressive strength (Rc), reaching 33.50 MPa after 28 days of curing. However, for both concrete and mortar, microstructural analysis revealed weak adhesion between olive pomace aggregates and the cement matrix at the Interfacial Transition Zone. Experimental tests also showed that increasing the content of olive pomace aggregates reduces the ultrasound propagation velocity and the dynamic modulus of elasticity of lightweight concrete and mortar, as well as their workability, while increasing their porosity.As regards the thermal properties of the developed materials, the incorporation of olive pomace aggregates led to an improvement in thermal resistance. In the case of lightweight concrete with 5% of dry olive pomace aggregates mixed with olive mill wastewater, the thermal conductivity (λ) decreased from 1.3 W/m·K (for the control specimen) to 0.86 W/m·K. In the case of cement mortar containing 5% of dry olive pomace aggregates mixed with olive mill wastewater, the thermal conductivity (λ) decreased from 1.1 W/m·K (control specimen) to 0.87 W/m·K. In conclusion, this study revealed that the materials developed and tested under laboratory conditions meet the required standards for general use in construction
Benkhaled, Maroua. "Modélisation théorique et expérimentale du comportement énergétique et environnemental des matériaux de construction biosourcés." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020CLFAC053.
Full textFacing the energy problems of the building and the environmental impact, hygroscopic envelopes constitute a very interesting alternative to improve the thermal comfort, the quality of the indoor air, the regulation of the indoor humidity and to reduce the energy consumption. This thesis work aims to study the coupled heat and mass transfers within porous materials such as hemp concrete. The aim is to predict the hygrothermal behaviour of these materials, through a macroscopic model, based on transfer motors; temperature for heat transfer, water vapour pressure for moisture transfer and pressure for air transfer. The difficulty of using this model lies in the identification of the numerous parameters characterizing the hygrothermal properties of the materials. Part of the work has been devoted to the evaluation of the main intrinsic properties of the materials through the elaboration of different experimental prototypes in the laboratory within the framework of an investigation recommended by the RILEM TC-275 HDB committee. Moreover, the variability of the parameters resulting from this last campaign as well as the lack of knowledge of the remaining parameters lead us to a sensitivity analysis of the parameters. This study allowed to identify the most influential parameters on the hygrothermal response of a hemp concrete wall. On this basis, a scale model was deduced according to these last parameters (thermal conductivity, thermal capacity, vapour permeability and storage capacity). This work was implemented using discretization by the finite element method implemented in a Matlab code. Subsequently, an adimensional study was undertaken, which identified the most important parameters in the prediction of the hygrothermal behaviour of a hemp concrete wall. The parameters remaining from this sensitivity study are a determining factor in the distinction between materials that are both thermal insulators and water vapour permeable (water regulators). Finally, a comparison of the results of the reduced model with those of the literature is presented. This comparison highlighted the influence of the sorption isotherm on the hygrothermal behaviour of a hemp concrete wall
Junes, Angel. "Approche théorico-expérimentale du comportement de panneaux sandwichs à parements composites textile-mortier dans le cadre de la construction durable." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10127.
Full textThis work fits in the context of the structural design under new sustainable development, health and safety criteria through material recovery to reduced environmental damage and promoting energy savings. This thesis focuses on the theoretical and experimental study of sandwich panels taking advantage of new generation textile - cement matrix composites: TRC ( Textile Reinforced Concrete). It is specifically the establishment of an analytical-numerical approach to predict the behavior of sandwich panels incorporating material non-linear behavior and compatible with different and complex loading combinations. Based on an experimental campaign both at the material and structure level, it was possible to validate the model by several criteria such as the ability approximate the global behavior (load deflection) but also the ability to reproduce the local deformations and failure modes. Finally, based on the experimental identification of the mechanical properties of aged sandwich panel components, by an accelerated aging procedure, simulations were made based on the previously validated model to assess the impact on the behavior and damage mechanisms of the studied structural element. It was possible to demonstrate the probability of the failure mode change accompanied with significant losses of the global properties such as the initial stiffness and bearing and deflection capacity. These results will be eventually subject of validation on natural-aged panels but are likely to inform the design approach
Shakouri, Reza. "Habitat résidentiel durable en Iran : savoirs-faire traditionnels et les technologies nouvelles à Yazd." Grenoble 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008GRE29013.
Full textTo catch up with the development, should continue an economic growth model or change turn towards a new sustainable model of development? How this global question should be addressed in the Iranian society? The main research's aim is to provide a base of knowledge, which enable to instruct the steps of a project on reliable sources of knowledge and information, concerning in particular of these two models of development in the residential sector. After a general study on the sustainable model development, this research concentrates on the architectural scale of technical expertise in the construction of the houses. The desert city of Yazd, with a valuable built heritage, provides our corpus of research. The contemporary and traditional habitat was studied with the emphasis on the relationship between habitat and the society of Yazd. After deducting 30 criteria for "the sustainability of the application of materials in a building", our discussion focuses on the strategic choices in terms of construction materials. That makes our central hypothesis of research and constitutes the principal subject of our social-technical survey in Yazd. Our study expands its focus even beyond Yazd to learn experiments followed through similar contexts in Algeria, Egypt, India, Morocco and Arizona. Finally, the research presents five criteria for a sustainable habitat
Youssef, Nicolas. "Mise en place d’une brique géopolymère pour la construction durable : études géotechnique, environnementale et économique." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ECLI0005.
Full textAfter the economic crisis in 2008, construction activity in France grew rapidly. The increase in demand for building materials was accompanied by an increase in the quantities of construction waste and emitted CO2. In 2018, CO2 emissions from human activities reached a world historic level of 37.1 billion tons. This encourages the development of building materials that meet the changing needs of today's and tomorrow's society. Geopolymers, prepared by alkaline activation, present an opportunity to produce new, more efficient and environment-friendly materials in the construction sector. On the other hand, industrialization and robotization are emerging in the construction sector, with many benefits such as increased productivity, reduced waste, cost and arduous work, as well as improved quality and safety.This doctoral thesis is being conducted to address these scientific challenges and issues. These are divided into three research directions: the development of new geopolymer brick formulations, the integration of geopolymer materials into the industrialization and robotization of construction processes, and finally the environmental and economic assessment of the new automated manufacturing system
Bui, Quoc-Bao. "Stabilité des structures en pisé : durabilité, caractéristiques mécaniques." Lyon, INSA, 2008. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2008ISAL0093/these.pdf.
Full textRammed earth construction is an ancient technique which is attracting renewed interest throughout the world today, thanks to the energy performance of this material throughout the lifecycle of a building: construction, occupation and demolition phases. Although rammed earth is currently regarded as a promising material in the construction sector in the context of sustainable development, it is still difficult to quantify its durability, as well as its mechanical and thermal performances, which discourages people from using it. This thesis is devoted to the study of these problems, especially the two first ones. The study of the durability of rammed earth was carried out on rammed earth walls exposed for 20 years to natural weathering, in a wet continental climate. A method to measure the rammed earth walls erosion by stereo-photogrammetry has been developed. The result shows a lifetime longer than 60 years in the case of the unstabilised rammed earth wall. This shows a potential for the use of unstabilised rammed earth in the similar climatic conditions with this study. The method of stereo-photogrammetry used to measure the erosion of rammed earth walls on site may also help to calibrate and develop more pertinent laboratory test to assess the durability of rammed earth wall. The study of the mechanical characteristics of rammed earth in compression was carried out on three different scales. The first is the scale of in-situ walls. Dynamic measurements were carried out on site to determine the Eigen frequencies of the walls. The elastic modulus was determined from the frequencies measured by using a finite element model. The second is the scale of a representative volume element (RVE). Rammed earth RVE samples with dimensions similar to those of the walls on site were manufactured and tested in the laboratory. Finally, at the last scale, called the micro-mechanical scale, tests were performed on equivalent compressed earth blocks (CEBs), which can replace the rammed earth RVE samples to facilitate laboratory tests. An exploratory study of seismic characteristics of rammed earth houses has also been established. The comparison of Eigen periods of rammed earth houses obtained from in-situ measurements and those of empirical formula proposed by seismic standards has been done. The strengthening techniques to improve the seismic capacity of rammed earth houses were also discussed
Laibi, Babatounde. "Comportement hygro-thermo-mécanique de matériaux structuraux pour la construction associant des fibres de kénaf à des terres argileuses." Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMC265/document.
Full textTraditional Compressed Earth Blocks (CEB) in the Republic of Benin have poor mechanical properties, this justifies why people rely on relatively expensive cement blocks; the use of which greatly affects resources such as water and energy. In this work we have proposed ways to enhance CEB properties for eco-construction by adding plant fibers to locally used construction's soils. This strategy makes it possible to value mineral and vegetable raw materials in a field of an activity that is common to a large part of the population. At first, a soil was chosen according to its chemical composition, its physical, mechanical and technological properties. The choice of kenaf fiber for the reinforcement of the mineral matrix isjustified by its excellent specific mechanical properties and its availability at very low cost. The effects of fibers on soil behavior at young age and on the mechanical and hygrothermal behavior of consolidated materials under 5 MPa (pressure applicable with equipment readily available in Benin) were studied for three mass content of fibers relatively to the soil (0.5% 1% and 1.5%) and different lengths (5, 10, 20 and 30 mm). The results indicated a remarkable improvement in the mechanical behavior of kenaf-reinforced CEBs in terms of flexural and compressive strengths and tolerance to damage. The highest results were obtained with 0.5% of fibers 30 mm long. The addition of a binder (3, 5 and 7% of cement) or (3-5% and 5-10% of cement and blast furnace slag mix) allowed an important reduction in water uptake. The best mechanical results were obtained for a biocomposite made up with BAK soil, 0.5% of flax fibers 30 mm long and a mix of 5% cement and 10% blast furnace slag. Measurements carried out in a biclimatic chamber made it possible to characterize the hydric and thermal behavior of the soil-based materials. The addition of a binder decreases the phase shift and increases the attenuation of the material. These different results show that it is possible to produce in Benin with the available equipment, CEB with mechanical and hygrothermal properties sufficient enought for the construction of type R + 1 habitat
El, moustapha Bouha. "Formulation et étude d’un géopolymère accumulateur d’énergie thermique dans le cadre de l’éco-construction des bâtiments." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, HESAM, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023HESAE001.
Full textThe incorporation of microcapsulated phase change materials (MPCM) into cement-based materials or geopolymers is one of the effective technologies to meet the final energy demand. However, due to the high rate of environmental impacts associated with cement manufacturing, the use of geopolymers has attracted great interest from researchers due to their low environmental impact and superior mechanical and durability properties compared to clinker-based materials.On the other hand, the incorporation of MPCM in geopolymers induces negative effects on their mechanical and thermal performances, the use of the latter still requires in-depth investigations on their durability indicators (chloride diffuvisivity, porosity, permeability etc.). This thesis work is perfectly in line with this problematic, and deals with the effect of the combination of NASH (sodium alumina silicate hydrate) and CASH (calcium alumina silicate hydrate) gel to overcome the negative effects of MPCM incorporation on the performance of geopolymers based on blast furnace slag. To achieve this objective, twelve mortars were studied (three cement-based and nine geopolymer-based) by varying the percentage of metakaolin addition (0%, 10% and 20%) in geopolymer mortars, and the rate of MPCM incorporation (0%, 5% and 10%) in both types of mortars: geopolymer mortars (GPM) and cement mortars (CM).The first part of this study is devoted to the characterization of the microstructure, physical, mechanical and thermal properties of GPM and CM. The results obtained showed that the coexistence of NASH and CASH gel brought improvements in terms of mechanical properties and thermal conductivity compared to GPM-MPCM without metakaolin addition. Indeed, the addition of 10 and 20% metakaolin was sufficient to achieve this coexistence. With a concentration of MPCM up to 10% in the geopolymer mortars, the compressive strength was increased by about 21% and the thermal conductivity was increased by about 31%, leading to an improvement in the thermal capacity up to 1280 J/Kg.K.The second part of the work deals with the study of the effect of the incorporation of microcapsulated phase change materials on some durability indicators of GPM and CM. The results indicate that the incorporation of MPCM increases the total porosity, this induces an increase in the water absorption by capillarity and a decrease in the electrical resistivity of the GPM and CM. On the other hand, the inclusion of MPCM exerts an influence on the decrease of the pore connectivity and the increase of the tortuosity of the pore network on the one hand and the increase of the chloride ion binding capacity on the other hand. This led to the decrease of the chloride migration coefficient in the steady state. In addition, it should be noted that GPM have larger pore sizes than CM. This may be due to the drying protocol which is likely to induce desiccation and microcracks in the CASH gel. However, in the presence of these microcracks, the study revealed that the chemical reaction of the GPM controls the chloride ion transport mechanisms more than its porosity
Dardouri, Wadie. "Réhabilitation des friches industrielles : approche de développement durable pour les structures et infrastructures." Lille 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LIL10005.
Full textFusteș-Dămoc, Iolanda. "Matériaux polymères durables synthétisés à base d'oligo- et de polysaccharides." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023COAZ4076.
Full textThe durability of materials is their ability to withstand over time the influence of various factors such as temperature, humidity and breakage while maintaining their characteristics.Durable polymer materials are the solution to environmental pollution. In this context, the development of sustainable polymer materials based on biodegradable compounds, which are abundant in nature, even from industrial waste, and which also have a low cost price, is a possible alternative to materials based on fossil compounds, which are toxic. At the same time, the use of minimal chemicals is an advantage for large-scale production by industries. In addition, obtaining advantageous properties under these conditions, tailored to certain types of applications, brings added value, which recommends their use over toxic materials.Oligo- and polysaccharides represent a suitable raw material that could be exploited in the design of durable polymeric materials. Their use has already aroused real interest among researchers, but their industrial application faces a number of difficulties: from inadequate technological processes and high consumption of solvents and chemicals to the high costs of obtaining, recycling and reusing materials, in line with a circular economy, which is essential in addressing environmental protection. This circular economy is about extending the life cycle of materials by reducing waste. by promoting the repair, reuse and recycling of materials for as long as possible. This PhD thesis presents the results obtained from the synthesis, characterisation and testing of sustainable oligo- and polysaccharide-based materials.The overall objective of the PhD thesis is to develop durable materials that incorporate and exploit non-toxic, renewable, environmentally friendly, cheap and naturally abundant compounds such as oligo- and polysaccharides in a circular economy.The main research directions developed in the thesis are:- Valorisation of β-cyclodextrin, from the oligosaccharide category, and chitosan, from the polysaccharide category, in sustainable material systems;- Development of such sustainable materials using a minimum number of steps and a reduced number of compounds and solvents;- The use, in particular, of chitosan in solid (powder) form to optimise the mechanical and thermal properties of the systems;- Achieving improved mechanical and thermal properties of the materials by introducing oligo- and polysaccharides, compared to reference systems, for chitosan-based systems, and for β-cyclodextrin-based systems: optimised adsorption of various pollutants such as antibiotics, organic dyes, heavy metals;- increased application potential of materials in various fields such as biomedical, food packaging, epoxy coatings, aerospace, due to the advantages of oligo- and polysaccharides;- Testing the recyclability of β-cyclodextrin-based nanomaterials to improve material durability
Nouri, Mustapha. "Développement d'éléments en biocomposite à base de fibre végétale pour la réhabilitation énergétique des bâtiments." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020ECDN0038.
Full textWith a view to meet the market demand for biosourced materials in France for the building sector, the present work aimed to formulate a new biosourced material by exploiting new plant resources, such as the Diss plant. This material will be used to produce cladding panels for buildings renovation. Firstly, a study on the extraction, treatment and characterisation of Diss fibres was carried out, followed secondly by an application of these fibres as a reinforcement to a thermoplastic matrix, polypropylene The mechanical and hydrothermal characterisation, durability evaluation and environmental assessment of the production phase of these biocomposites were studied. The results are promising especially for such an application where the Diss fibres showed interesting mechanical and hydro/hydrothermal properties. In addition, the incorporation of the fibres led to an improvement in the mechanical properties of the matrix. On the other hand, the durability study highlighted the hydrothermal ageing effect on their mechanical properties. It was also concluded that the use of Diss fibres had a clearly positive effect on the reduction of global warming impacts thanks to the biogenic sequestration of CO2. These results help to better anticipate the future industrialisation of these fibres and highlight their beneficial effect on the environment
Cloquet, Basile. "Vers un habitat écoresponsable en Saône-et-Loire, qui privilégie les ressources locales." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00965086.
Full textDavid, Grégoire. "Eco-conversion de résidus lignocellulosiques de l'agriculture en matériaux composites durables à matrice biopolyester." Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTG030.
Full textThis thesis aims at developing new fully biosourced and biodegradable composite materials from agricultural residues in the frame of the European project NoAW (https://noaw2020.eu). All the components are derived from agro-wastes: polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA, bacterial biopolyester and biodegradable in natural conditions) produced by anaerobic digestion of agricultural effluents are used as matrix and vine shoot fibers as fillers. Biocomposites are prepared by melt extrusion. The objective of this thesis is to bring new knowledge on the relationships between the processes used to produce the fillers and the biocomposites, the resulting structure of biocomposites and their functional properties. Biocomposites are developed considering a balance between performance and environmental cost. For this purpose, the thesis focuses on 2 major scientific questions: (i) study of the impact of the filler/matrix interface on the functional properties of biocomposite materials via surface pre-treatments of lignocellulosic particles; (ii) study of the durability of such materials by assessment from the design of the environmental impacts. Thus, special attention is given to the filler/matrix interface, identified as a key factor for the final properties of the composite. A solvent-free surface pretreatment of fibers (chromatogeny) is adapted to modulate the filler/matrix interface. This new method of gas-phase esterification is first studied on micrometric particles of cellulose. Once the proof of concept is established, it is applied to lignocellulosic fibers that are more complex. The vine shoots, agricultural waste abundant in Occitania region, are studied as a potential resource for the production of fillers for composites. Once collected and dried, they are milled using dry fractionation to obtain micrometric sized particles. The variability of the raw material being one of the bottlenecks concerning the use of lignocellusoic biomass by manufacturers, different grape species over several years are studied. In a biorefinery approach, the extraction of molecules of interest, e.g. polyphenols, is considered before using the residue, namely exhausted shoots, as a reinforcing fillers. The environmental impact of the produced biocomposites is evaluated to guide strategic choices and obtain materials displaying a good balance between performance and environmental footprint. A life cycle assessment in the context of a food rigid tray application is carried out, collecting data from sector’s players. In addition, a study of the biodegradability of the final materials is conducted. This thesis encompasses multidisciplinary fields in order to have a decompartmentalized overview of the developed composite materials
Gholipour, Vida. "Éco-conception collaborative de bâtiments durables." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011INPL043N/document.
Full textAssisting designers in improvement of environmental quality of their project, early in the sketch phase, could result in a better environmental profile of the final product. Designers are facing new necessities related to sustainable development, such as considering sources of energy and usage of local materials, among others. To find a compromise between the project’s context and architectural solutions, one has to carry out complex adjustment tasks to address this issue.To help designers with these tasks, we proposed a method founded on the usage of environment-oriented “design patterns”, which we have named “eco-models”. By being used in their projects, these eco-models are approved by many designers as plausible solutions. The eco-models and the actual projects in which they have been used are gathered and implemented in a (web-based) digital tool, named “eco.mod.”The interface of eco.mod enable designers to navigate in the database, and select appropriate eco-models to create an environmental scenario for their own architectural project. The eco.mod tool allows users to visualize the environmental consequences of theirs choices. Two experiments assisted by this tool have been conducted, and have mainly confirmed our hypothesis about efficacy of this proposed method and its associated tool
Wilson, William. "Bétons durables à base de cendres d'écorces de riz." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6218.
Full textHajjar, Abboud. "La construction d’un cadre méthodologique pour l’élaboration de projets urbains durables en Syrie." Thesis, Paris Est, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PEST1128/document.
Full textAfter the appearance of the first generation of sustainable urban projects in Southern and Eastern Mediterranean Countries (SEMC), the development of strategies, tools and standards are perceived by experts and specialists, as an absolute necessity to move the implementation of sustainable development in urban projects and the evolution of its contribution in the overall urban action to move to the "sustainable city». In this perspective, our thesis focuses on the development of operational procedures that can bring new thinking on urban practices in Syria, and especially the city of Aleppo, which is the experimental site of this thesis. In this country, the issue of sustainable urban development was imposed before the current war in urban public policy. Between 2000 and 2011, the Syrian national authorities (central government) and local authorities have launched several programs and urban projects, often in collaboration with the international donor funds (World Bank, GIZ, European Union ...).One objective of this thesis is to propose a methodological framework from the French approaches to the implementation of sustainable neighborhood projects, not by taking a totally inappropriate transfer of experience, but performing an analysis of the situation of the city of Aleppo, for the implementation tools to guide local actors of urban development ( local community office, .... ) for the post-war, and to support the design of sustainable urban projects at the interface of local problems and issues
Sangregorio, Anna. "Valorisation d'humines issues de biorafineries : vers le développement de thermodurcissables et de composites durables." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AZUR4062.
Full textThe production of chemicals via acid-catalysed dehydration of sugars is inevitably related to the formation of co-products. Noteworthy, a black and viscous polymeric co-product called humins can be formed in significant quantities. Humins are heterogeneous and polydisperse macromolecules, mainly constituted by furanic rings and aldehydes, ketones and hydroxyls as main functional groups. For many years, scientists focused on finding a way to avoid humins formation during biorefinery processes but that appears to be almost inevitable. In current biorefinery process designs, humins are burnt to generate heat that can be integrated back into the process. However, the attention is now shifting towards ways to make high value-added products from humins, to further improve the process economics of biorefineries. An extensive analysis of the structure and pysico-chemical properties of humins was performed to support humins application research. Particular attention was paid to the identification of transitions and chemical reactions occurring in humins, by using advanced thermoanalytical techniques. It was demonstrated that it is possible to obtain a thermoset polymer with different properties, based on the treatment used. The cross-linking behaviour was then further elucidated by studying optimal initiators and through a deep investigation on the kinetics of cross-linking. Humin based thermosets were tested for different applications. The potential of all-humins-matrix in combination with natural fibres was investigated. Good interaction between organic matrix and natural fibres was observed, making humins very promising for the next generation of biobased thermoset materials. The use of humins as matrix is a sustainable solution to develop all "green" composites, with high hydrophobic properties and mechanical properties comparable with other biobased thermosets used in several commercial applications. Considering the very good affinity with lignocellulosic materials, a new process option was evaluated for fibre modification to enhance the interaction at the interface between cellulosic fibres and common polymeric matrices such as polypropylene. This study also allowed to get insights into the interactions between cellulose and humins. To further exploit these type of applications, wood modification with humin resin was studied. Dimension and weight stability of the modified wood after immersion in water confirmed improved hydrophobicity of the final material. Mechanical properties were studied by DMA. This study demonstrates that this new impregnation technique can improve the dimensional stability of wood, without compromising on the mechanical properties by valorising humins. Finally, the possibility to use humins as a binder to enhance bitumen’s rheological properties and decrease its environmental impact was investigated
Bur, Nicolas. "Etude des caractéristiques physico-chimiques de nouveaux bétons éco-respectueux pour leur résistance à l'environnement dans le cadre du développement durable." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00804542.
Full textAndrošević, Renata. "Vers les systèmes constructifs à faible production de déchets : l'enveloppe des bâtiments résidentiels du XXIème siècle en Bosnie-Herzégovine." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris Est, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022PESC1005.
Full textThis research is inspired by the visionary projects which are trying to find the way to create built environment with low impact on the nature and all living creatures, especially human beings. It will help decision making process for all stakeholders to choose the best option when considering the materials, building technologies and building systems, which will have the lowest negative environmental impact, providing all necessary data.Analysing the existing methods and tools with their barriers and opportunities, the research attempts to find the way to overcome observed obstacles.Existing methodologies point out the importance of environmental impact predictions and they can show the differences between compared systems. Existing tools give precise numerical data of environmental impact.The approach proposed here shows that symbiosis of methodologies and tools can give the result that reaches the goal - to achieve low or no waste building construction.The new method includes building system evaluation (with comparison and ranking) and quantification of environmental impact. This provides a picture of the chosen system's impact and facilitates decision making. At the end of the process, it is evidently clear what could and should be changed and upgraded in order to have better performance and lower impact.This new method provides comparison, evaluation and quantification in terms of generation of the construction waste and contributes in lowering negative environmental impact
Ngoufo, donkeng Noëlle Edwige. "Vieillissement de matériaux hybrides composites biosourcés/métal sous sollicitations thermiques et hydriques. Application au développement de mobiliers urbains ultra légers et durables." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UBFCK019.
Full textIn the perspectives of the future city, the progressive use of autonomous vehicles seems to become unavoidable. The preparation of an adequate framework for the deployment of this future mobility represents an important issue. This requires revisiting the urban infrastructures of cities from the choice of material to the design, and to propose solutions based on mobile street furniture. Faced with this challenge, hybrid materials such fibre metal laminates (FML) present interesting characteristics. FML made of plant fibre composites are of particular interest to minimize their environmental impact. Thus, the objective of this thesis is to design and manufacture plant-fibre metal laminates and assess their mechanical performance and durability in view of their use for street furniture.Two families of hybrid materials are studied, namely steel/flax-epoxy and steel/flax-polypropylene. For the steel/flax-epoxy hybrid material, the influence of some aspects such as the composite/metal assembly method, the lamination of the composite layers, and the structuring of the hybrid was evaluated on the mechanical performances using three-point bending and impact tests. The structuring of the hybrid is the most influential parameter on the measured properties. The results also show that the developed hybrid solutions have superior properties when compared to most of the mono-material solutions generally used for street furniture.Hybrid steel/flax-polypropylene and flax/polypropylene composites were subjected to accelerated hydrothermal and thermal ageing. Hydrothermal ageing leads to a drop in the flexural and impact properties of the composite, as well as a degradation of the latter. For the hybrid, a real drop was only observed in the flexural properties. The composite of the hybrid also degrades, but the phenomenon is attenuated by the presence of the metallic layers. Thermal ageing leads to yellowing and embrittlement of the composite by thermo-oxidation. This results in a significant drop in the bending properties and impact of the composite over the long term. At the hybrid level, the interface is severely affected by aging; the metal is delaminated after less than two days of aging
Dejean, Guilhem. "Valorisation de laitiers sidérurgiques comme matériaux de stockage thermique pour procédés énergétiques durables : application au CSP et au CAES." Perpignan, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PERP1252.
Full textBesse, Vincent. "Recherche de nouveaux polymères pour une application dans des matériaux dentaires stables et durables : ynthèse, polymérisation et propriétés adhésives." Caen, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CAEN2097.
Full textThis work deals with the synthesis, the photopolymerization and the adhesive properties of new acidic monomers for dental applications. In self-etch adhesive field: In order to improve self-etch adhesives (SEA) stability, durability and adhesive properties, novel hydrolytically stable phosphonic, difluoromethylphosphonic and bisphosphonic acids have been synthesized. The influence of various parameters (length of the spacer group, nature of the acidic group, and polymerizable extremity etc…) on dentin and enamel adhesion and on stability has been developped. Their photopolymerization with the N, N’ -diéthyl-1,3-bisacrylamidopropane (DEBAAP) has been highlighted. The impact of the acidic function on adhesive properties and chelation to hydroxyapatite has been studied via solid NMR, XPS or ICP-AES. Some of the SEA we have formulated are more efficient than the commercial ones. In self-adhesive cements field: Novel methacrylates bearing phosphonic acid functions have been prepared. Their incorporation in various proportions to a bisGMA/TEGDMA mixture has been studied. The copolymerization of these formulations has been studied by photo-DSC. Incorporation of these monomers results in an inhibition of the mixture polymerization due to the phosphonic function. Then the setup of a new self-adhesive cements has been successfully described
Miquel, Anne. "Détermination expérimentale des caractéristiques hydriques des matériaux du bâtiment : contribution à la mise au point et validation de techniques nouvelles." Paris 12, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA120012.
Full textBona, Audrey. "Modélisation de l'affordance dans le domaine des constructions durables." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0054/document.
Full textThe energetic performance of sustainable buildings is significantly lower than expected and therefore the impact of user behaviour becomes a crucial element. Different solutions are implemented to achieve predicted performance; these range from information i.e. user guides, to the influence of user behaviour through building automation reducing the users’ control. The possibility of designing more efficient buildings without altering the relationship between the user and the building, and without constraining the users is then to be investigated.We propose to integrate the notion of affordance in sustainable buildings under the assumption that this could be useful in inducing behaviour aligned with the performance requirements of sustainable buildings, while minimising the introduction of procedures more or less artificial and creating an immediate understanding of the use of a functional space and its equipment.A first experimental phase was conducted to analyse users' activities within their housing and translate this into tools for designers. A set of personas has been set. Meanwhile, a characterisation of the user/building interaction was carried out by identifying the criteria influencing it. With the weighting of these impact factors, a calculation model for the affordance level of this interaction was proposed
Rouchier, Simon. "Évaluation des performances hygrothermiques des matériaux de construction endommagés." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00761749.
Full textDang, Tuan Anh. "Valorisation des sédiments marins bretons comme matériaux de construction." Rennes, INSA, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ISAR0016.
Full textThe SEDIVAL project deals with the Brittany marine sediment and particularly the sediments from the Lyvet trap built on the Rance and the Mont Saint Michel Bay. It aims to develop a new beneficial reuse of dredged sediments as a construction material and particularly as new binders which can be exploited industrially. The sediments were treated at 650°C and 850°C. The treated sediments are added to Portland cement in order to develop new composite binders. The results showed that the sediments treated at 650°C could be used up to 35% for the class of 42. 5, while the sediments treated at 850°C only verified the class of 32. 5. Experiments of 150 days of curing showed the mechanical strength increases significantly beyond the 28th day. In terms of permeability, the new binders did not affect the intrinsic permeability of the mortar. The durability of mortars was also studied; the sediment treated at 650°C provided the mortar with better durability than one treated at 850°C. Finally, the studied sediments present a real potential of beneficial reuse that might be confirmed by experiments on concrete samples
Samri, Driss. "Analyse physique et caractérisation hygrothermique des matériaux de construction." Lyon, INSA, 2008. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2008ISAL0067/these.pdf.
Full textBuilding materials are porous materials, and therefore very sensitive to water. Due to variable hermodynamical ambient conditions, processes of energy and mass transfers between the ambient air and the material occur. These exchanges lead to important modification of their thermal properties and their durability. For instance, measurements of the thermal conductivity of Hemp Lime Concrete, placed in climatic chamber in which the relative humidity is 75%, show a variation of 30%. This PhD Thesis deals with the case of three porous buildin materials: Aerated Autoclaved Concrete (AAC), Hemp Lime Concrete (HLC) and Vertically Perforated Brick (VPB). The hygrothermal behaviour of these materials is studied with the experimental set-up called cell of exchange. This cell consists of test walls which are place between a climatic box and the laboratory. The scope of this experimental work is to create gradients of temperature and of relative humidity through the sample. So, the study aims to measure and characterise heat and mass flows in these materials. Ln a second part, simulation are performed to design, expiain and interpret the experimental results. They are done in COMSOL Multiphysics. Ln a first approach, only the heat equation in 1 D has been implemented in the toolbox. Comparisons between experimental and theoretical results gives us the therm properties of tested materials (ʎ,ρ,c,hs et a). The numerical modeling approach shows that, contrary to AAC or VPB, HLC involves a complex interaction between heat transport and mass transfer through the material. So, simulations on HLC are investigated through the problematic of phase change materials
Fuchez, Valérie. "La responsabilité civile des fabricants de matériaux de construction." Toulouse 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU10002.
Full textKhelifa, Mohammed Rissel. "Formulation et caractérisation d'éco-bétons renforcés aux fibres d'alfa pour des bâtiments verts et durables." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CERG0953/document.
Full textConcrete is the most used building material in the world. In order to reinforce struture concretes, different kinds of fibres are added among which metallic and synthetic (e.g. polypropylene) fibres.In our study, we have replaced polypropylene fibres by natural vegetal fibres of alfa, a grass commonly found aroud the Mediterranean.We have prepared 3 kinds of concrete : alfa-reinforced concrete (with various amounts of alfa fibres), polypropylene-reinforced concrete and ordinary concrete used as references.Characterization showed that the best amounts of alfa fibres are 1 and 1.5 %, that gave a mechanical behaviour close to that of ordinary and polypropylene-concrete.Durability tests (sulfatic attack and high temperature) showed that the concrete reinforced with 1% of alfa fibres gives the closest results compared to ordinary concrete. Concrete with 1% of alfa fibres is hence the best concrete.Environmental analyses showed that alfa fibres generate far less impacts than polypropylene fibres as regards fossil fuel depletion, climate change (linked with emissions of greenhouse gases among which CO2), atmospheric emission of particles, marine ecotoxicity and photochemical oxydation
Abdelmoumene, Abla. "Etude des caractéristiques thermiques et mécaniques des matériaux de construction du sud algérien." Lyon, INSA, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ISAL0010.
Full textGypsum and plaster construction can be used in the diversification of building ethnics in the emerging countries. This technology allows the creation of lower coast units that can be built on over the Algeria. These units cater for the small local area needs. The aim of this work is a technical study of the natural and modified gypsum plaster and additives Îl1 view of their use in construction in southern Algeria. Different analyses are considered in order to characterize these materials. We focus on thermo physical characteristics that affect comfort of the housing unit. The different thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity values of these materials as well as their variations according to their water content are presented. This contribution to a better knowledge of thermal parameters will help the designer to evaluate accurately the beat transfers between external and internal environment building. In order to conciliate the thermal and mechanical constraints, we will subject those materials to the strength of bending and compression. We will present a new technique for the determination of the thermal conductivity of the solid matrix, which allows the extension of the use of the models to many materials used in Civil Engineering. This work has allowed the choice of additives and recommendations of the use of the studied materials for the construction in the south
Yildiz, Hélène. "La permission de communiquer peut-elle favoriser la construction de relations d'échange durables ? : le cas de l'e-mail OPT-IN." Nancy 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NAN22001.
Full textThe permission represents a new paradigm following excesses of the emails marketing. Often lived like a constraint by the firms, the permission is also presented like a positive phenomenon of the communication. According to Godin (2000), indeed, permission marketing would make it possible the firms which practice it, to overcome their customers more easily and develop loyalty at lower cost. The commercial messages accepted beforehand by the recipients, would collect their attention better, would cause their confidence and with beyond would consolidate the relation of exchange. Continuing the reflexion of the experts, we assign with this thesis two objectives. First to bring to the concept of permission the essential theoretical bases which are still lacking to it. Then to work out an explanatory model of the behavior of permission which makes it possible to include / understand its role in the construction of durable relations of exchanges. Our problems suggest regarding the behavior of permission as a double process of commitment, behavioral and attitudinal. In the behavior process, the conditions of realization of the preparatory behaviors which are required by the firm induce a durable commitment which in its turn determines the behavior of permission itself and the intention of customers loyalty. In the attitudinal process, it is on the contrary commitment attitudinal towards the applicant, who under the control of background psychological variables affects in the duration the behavior of permission and the intention of loyalty of the customers. The relevance of this theoretical framework was then empirically on three levels, starting from the data collected in experimentation with the daily newspaper "Le Républicain Lorrain". Within a purely static framework at the "t" moment, within a dynamic framework, of "t" to "t+1" and to "t+2", finally within a framework exploring the potential heterogeneity of the processes. The results all obtained go in the direction of the advanced assumptions, and validate thus temporarily a framework of analysis, being able to inspire by other work devoted to the engaging communication
Keita, Emmanuel. "Physique du séchage des sols et des matériaux de construction." Thesis, Paris Est, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PEST1172/document.
Full textDrying of building materials and soils plays a major role in their final properties and is a main economics and environmental issue. In this thesis, we study the drying of complex porous media to better understand the impact of particles in the interstitial fluid. With a clear scale separation between the sample, pores and particles sizes, we observe water and particles distributions by camera, MRI, X-ray tomography and confocal microscope. We show that the fluid evolution and the drying kinetics are coupled. We study three kinds of fluids: pure liquid, hard and soft particles suspensions. The drying rate of pure water remains constant and generally persists until the majority of water is evaporated. The fluid flows through the porous network, due to capillary depression, to provide water to the free surface where evaporation occurs. We show, by Finite Elements Method, that the drying rate is very sensitive to the shape of the air/water interface. Particles suspensions always slow down the drying kinetics compare to pure water. At low volume fraction, particles migrate towards the surface and drying rate is linked to the increases of the compacted area. Soft particles can compress, thus the compacted area may shrink and influences drying rate. At high volume fraction, viscous dissipation is high and limit the fluid flow therefore particles do not migrate and the drying kinetics is slow
Xu, Yang. "Normal impact of liquid droplets on smooth solid surfaces." Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC1099/document.
Full textUnder the framework of the LabEx Multi-Scale Modelling and Experimentation of Materials for Sustainable Construction, of Université Paris-Est Marne-La-Vallée, the present PhD thesis aims at modelling and characterizing micro-material designed by impact of molten ceramic droplets. The applications of thin coating materials are surface treatments for sustainable construction such as anti-corrosion, heat barrier, glass treatment or mechanical reinforcement of specific structures.In particular, we focus on the physics behind the liquid droplets' dynamics (the contact area and the contact time between the droplet and surface) by conducting a series of small scale multiphase flow numerical simulations with home-made code Thetis. All simulations are axisymmetric. We have considered variations of initial impact conditions, and studied the influence of inertial, capillary and viscous forces on the droplets' dynamics, especially the maximum spreading diameter, spreading time and the contact time, on solid surfaces. The code is based on Volume-Of-Fluid techniques and introduces an auxiliary smooth function to estimate the local curvature and the normal to the interface. The major reference liquid adopted are the water and the molten ceramic, the water is chosen to validate our code against available experiments at the beginning. The molten ceramic is adopted as it is widely used in thermal spray to built thermal and chemical barriers (anti-oxidant layers) as well as mechanical reinforcements on specific samples. We focus on the cases in which the surfaces are hydrophobic, even if hydrophilic cases are also considered in validation configurations for the sake of generality. Meanwhile, by introducing an energy calculation part in the code, a detailed energetic analysis of the droplet after impact is performed in both the spreading and retraction stage to have a deep understanding of the dynamics inside the droplet.We find the jetting time is inversely proportional to the impact velocity, independent of the contact angle in the early spreading. A new scaling between maximum spreading and spreading time is observed, and agrees well with experimental results. Further, we introduce this scaling into the model based on energy conservation to predict the maximum spreading factor, which provides better prediction on maximum spreading factor than existing literature references. Also a scaling of contact time is proposed in terms of Ohnesorge number and Reynolds number
Kenmogne. "Dégradation des matériaux de construction : contribution à l'étude de la faisabilité des terres argileuses en construction." Grenoble 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993GRE10068.
Full textHamzaoui, Abderrahmane. "Contribution à l'étude des déformations différées des bétons autonivelants." Lyon, INSA, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ISAL0053.
Full textSelf leveling concrete or SLC, are special concrete, very fluid, that put in place and squeeze under the alone effect of the gravity, therefore without internal or external vibration contribution. They contain generally an important fine materials volume that classic concrete and often an agent of viscosity. The scope of this study is a contribution to the study oh time dependent deformations of the self leveling concretes subjected to sealed curing and air - dried curing. The study has been comparative: tests have been carried out similarly on self leveling concrete containing 370 kg/m3 of fine materials and an ordinary concrete containing 340 kg/m3 of fine materials. It has been observed that the behavior of self leveling concrete is similar to that the ordinary concrete. Tests creep have been equally undertaken on a self leveling concrete containing an important quantity of fine materials (600 kg/m3) and a self leveling concrete containing 110 kg/m3 of limestone ground ( 370 kg/m3), under a rate of loading of 30 %. Basic creep of concrete containing 600 kg/m3 f fine materials has proven higher to that of concrete containing 370 kg/m3of fine materials. However, for air-dried conditions, the creep of concrete containing 600 kg/m3 of fine materials are lower to that of concrete containing 370 kg/m3 of fine materials. Furthermore, a basic creep of concrete containing 600 kg/m3 of fine materials is close to a creep obtained in air - dried conditions. What means the disappearance of drying creep, caused by moisture Joss under constant stress. Finally, experimental shrinkage and creep values of self leveling concrete have been compared to values obtained from a model: CEB-FIP 1990, BPEL 1991, and from a model of BAZANT
Şovar, Maria Magdalena. "Du tri-isopropoxyde aux oxydes d'aluminium par dépôt chimique en phase vapeur : procédé, composition et propriétés des revêtements obtenus." Toulouse, INPT, 2006. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00000392/.
Full textThis film of alumina were prepared by MOCVD from aluminium isopropoxyde (hot-wall reactor, low-pressure, deposition temperature in range 350-700°C°. There were characterized by EDS, EMPA, ERDA-RBS, XRD, SEM, TEM, FTIR, TGA, AFM. The composition of films prepared by pyrolyzing the precursor in dry nitrogen is AlO(OH) (amorphous) at 350°C, and Al2O3 (amorphous or nanocrystalline) above 415°C. Deposition in the presence of water vapour yields Al2O3 only. Microstructural changes in the films were studied through the technique of deflection applied to asymmetrically coated blades, and by the transmission electron microscopy. Wet corrosion test and stress corrrosion cracking tests on coated Ti6242 alloys have shown the above described alumina coatings to behave like the best known protective coatings regarding both the electrochemical behaviour and the barrier properties
Glogic, Edis. "Vers des matériaux énergétiques durables : élargissement de l'analyse du cycle de vie pour le développement de technologies émergentes et des choix économes en ressources." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02869841.
Full textEnergy materials are particularly important from a sustainability perspective for advancing renewable energy systems, including energy production and storage. Their appropriate use and development require quantitative assessment methods. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a method to support sustainable development that can be used to identify environmental hotspots and compare different technologies. The purpose of this research is to support development of several energy materials and make LCA a more relevant tool for sustainability assessment by extending its use in two emerging directions: assessment of technologies at the early stage of development, and by supporting more resource-effective choices for a circular economy.The research objectives focus on informing the development of technologies and identifying methodological challenges and opportunities by applying LCA to three energy-technology case studies, each at a different technological maturity level. In the first case study, alkaline batteries, currently at a high maturity level (incumbent products), are evaluated using LCA in combination with a circular economy indicator, the Material Circularity Indicator (MCI). The aim was to investigate opportunities to combine the two methods, while considering trade-offs between indicators for different strategies for battery design and management. In the second case study, nickel-cobalt hydroxide charge storage electrodes, currently at a low maturity level (laboratory-scale), are evaluated to investigate environmental hotspots and preferred synthesis route. In the third case study, organic photovoltaic portable chargers for small electronics, currently at a medium maturity level (pilot-scale), are evaluated for replacing conventional electricity grid for charging a mobile phone
Faye, Mactar. "Structure interne et propriétés thermiques macroscopiques, application aux matériaux de construction." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30032/document.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to study the impact of the internal structure of isotropic granular materials on the macroscopic thermal properties. We have developed a model to solve the heat transfer problem within a heterogeneous three-dimensional material. This code is coupled with an algorithm generating random structure. After an experimental validation, we first generated granular materials and we characterized their internal structure; then we studied the impact of this structure on the thermal conductivity. We also developed a new experimental method for measuring the heat capacity area of a wall element with complex internal structure. The originality of this method is the coupling of an analytical model of heat capacity area, which is independent of the thermal properties of the constituents, and an experimental study
Achchaq, Fouzia. "Étude hygro-thermique de matériaux isolants fibreux." Amiens, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AMIE0122.
Full textThe thesis objective is the understanding of hydric and thermic behavior of mineral and plant insulators used in building field. Two not weaved medias are chosen : glass wool and hemp wool. Three aspects constitute this study. The stuctural characterization of wools according macroscopic and microscopic scales (EVR, microporosity. . . ), then a hydric characterization in isothermal condition (sorption/desorption, cup test, ESEM. . . ) and finally, a thermic characterization (ATG, method Alembêta, thermal conductivity. . . )
Rabenantoandro, Andry Zaid. "Contribution à la fabrication additive dans la construction : conception d’une tête d’impression intelligente, et matériaux de construction." Thesis, Centrale Lille Institut, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020CLIL0010.
Full text3D printing in construction is growing exponentially. This thesis examines the use of existing industrial solutions to meet the need for extrusion-based 3D printing in the construction sector. There are no relevant guidelines for 3D printing in terms of machine specification or material formulation. A prospective study has been carried out to understand the multidisciplinary aspect of 3D printing. The principles of additive manufacturing were highlighted with its advantages, applications and limitations. The 3D printing process was formalized in 5 distinct phases for construction. Thus, a framework for 3D printing in construction, based on the extrusion technique, was proposed. An introduction of a system of system concept and an intelligent level of automation for 3D printing in construction were proposed. This part was realized as a complement to the standardization framework for additive manufacturing in construction. In support of the scientific reasoning to design the appropriate 3D printing solution, an overall system consisting of 5 subsystems was defined. An experimental approach for the evaluation of printability was developed. It consisted of simple tests and dimensionless analysis to characterize the printability of cementitious materials using specific indicators. A print head was designed based on input functionalities such as the possibility to activate an inert material in the head and a control of the outgoing material flow
Rabenantoandro, Andry Zaid. "Contribution à la fabrication additive dans la construction : conception d’une tête d’impression intelligente, et matériaux de construction." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020ECLI0010.
Full text3D printing in construction is growing exponentially. This thesis examines the use of existing industrial solutions to meet the need for extrusion-based 3D printing in the construction sector. There are no relevant guidelines for 3D printing in terms of machine specification or material formulation. A prospective study has been carried out to understand the multidisciplinary aspect of 3D printing. The principles of additive manufacturing were highlighted with its advantages, applications and limitations. The 3D printing process was formalized in 5 distinct phases for construction. Thus, a framework for 3D printing in construction, based on the extrusion technique, was proposed. An introduction of a system of system concept and an intelligent level of automation for 3D printing in construction were proposed. This part was realized as a complement to the standardization framework for additive manufacturing in construction. In support of the scientific reasoning to design the appropriate 3D printing solution, an overall system consisting of 5 subsystems was defined. An experimental approach for the evaluation of printability was developed. It consisted of simple tests and dimensionless analysis to characterize the printability of cementitious materials using specific indicators. A print head was designed based on input functionalities such as the possibility to activate an inert material in the head and a control of the outgoing material flow
Alhaik, Ghaith. "Influence de l'amidon sur les propriétés rhéologiques, mécaniques et multiphysiques de formulations terre-paille." Thesis, Artois, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ARTO0205/document.
Full textThe eco-construction responds to the need to reduce the environmental footprint in the sector of construction through the use of proximity resources (e.g. earth, straw, etc.), without energy-intensive transformation and through the thermohydric regulation capacity of walls. Raw earth alone or in association with straw is a symbol. But variable characteristics according to its origin, a long drying time and low mechanical strengths are brakes to its use. Earth material in association with biosourced admixtures such as starch, already used in the manufacturing of plasterboard, represents an interesting way to improve its performances.The thesis aims to study the influence of starch on the physico-mechanical behavior of the earth alone or with straw. The intended application of the study is the prefabrication of non-load-bearing construction products. The designed mixes include quarry fines (QF), hemp or flax straw and various starches.The first part of this work deals with earth-starch mixes. Viscometer tests were defined modified Bingham as the rheological behavior of mixes and showed an increase in thixotropy. In hardened state, the mechanical strengths are better with starch.The second part deals with earth-straw-starch mixes. Starch improves the workability and the mechanical strengths measured under different storage conditions. At the scale of a block, the mechanical, thermal and acoustic performances of some mixes are comparable to those of plaster blocks
Sellier, Alain. "Modélisations probabilistes du comportement de matériaux et de structures en génie civil." Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995DENS0012.
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