Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Matériaux – Corrosion sous contrainte'
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Rothea, Rémi. "Etude par la technique d’émission acoustique de la corrosion sous contrainte des aciers inoxydables austénitiques en milieu chlorure chaud." Lyon, INSA, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ISAL0024.
Full textMankowski, Georges. "Corrosion par piqûres et corrosion sous contrainte du zircaloy-4 en milieu neutre chlorure." Toulouse, INPT, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987INPT025G.
Full textHervier, Zéline. "Étude d'alliages de titane haute température : microstructure, fluage, corrosion sous contraite." Toulouse, INPT, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007INPT075H.
Full textFuture turbine engine applications require titanium parts to wishstand higher temperatures. This requires optimising the thermomechanical treatments of the parts in order to improve their creep life. The aim of this study is to evaluate the microstructure, creep life and stress corrosion cracking properties of the titanium alloy. The observation of the microstructure reveals that the rate of cooling has a great influence on the primary alpha content, especially if it is a high temperature heat treatment : the diffusion controls the growth of the primary alpha. The study of creep is based on the drawing of iso-primary creep strain, iso-steady-state strain rate and iso-creep-life lines in a stress - temperature field. Regarding their creep properties, the gain obtained with the ,-forged Ti6242 on the •/, forged is small, compared to the gain obtained with the •/, forged IMI834. From the plot of iso-steady-state strain rate and iso-time to rupture, numerical models to predict the steady strain rate and time to rupture at each stress and temperature are identified and discussed. The stress corrosion cracking properties are also evaluated
Tinnes, Jean-Philippe. "Fragilisation et processus anodiques en corrosion sous contrainte : étude des paramètres micro-mécaniques influents." Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EMSE0021.
Full textWe study the influence of local mechanical parameters on crack propagation in Stress Corrosion Cracking, at the scale of the microstructure. Two systems are compared: the CuAl9Ni3Fe2 copper-aluminium alloy in synthetic sea water under cathodic polarization, where the crack propagation mechanism is related to strain-assisted anodic dissolution, and the 316L austenitic stainless steel in MgCl2 solution, where embrittlement mechanisms related to hydrogen effects prevail. We use micro-notched tensile specimen that allow to study isolated short cracks. These experiments are modelled by means of finite elements calculations, and further characterized by Electron Back scattered Diffraction (EBSD) in the case of the 316L alloy. In terms of the local mechanical parameters that control propagation, fundamental differences are outlined between the two systems. They are discussed from the viewpoint of the available models of Stress Corrosion Cracking
Hoerner, Bertrand. "Corrosion sous contrainte de l'acier inoxydable supermartensitique 12chrome 4. 5nickel 1. 5molybdène dans un milieu sans sulfure d'hydrogène." Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007EMSE0017.
Full textSupermartensitic Stainless steels are used in the oil and gas application and have a sensitivity of the heataffected zone (HAZ) to stress corrosion cracking. We carried out slow strain rate tensile test to characterize cracking of the HAZ in a H2S free environment. The study focus on the effect of carbon, the reassignment of the ZAT and post weld treatment on the cracking resistance. Our study show that the ZAT is sensitive to stress corrosion cracking in the free H2S environment and that the reassignment during welding led to the creation of intergranular chromium carbides which induce a depleted zone (15 nm). The cracks can grow by dissolution along this zone. We show that the increase of the chromium / carbon ratio beyond a threshold reduces the density of carbides and had a discontinuous depleted zone which inhibits cracking. We observe that the application of a post-weld heat treatment allows desensitisation around chromium carbides: after treatment at 650 ° C for 20 minutes, no crack appears in HAZ
Labbé, Julien. "Détection et étude de micro-déplacements des contacts sous contrainte vibratoire et leurs conséquences sur les matériaux et revêtements des connecteurs-automobiles." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN1S146/document.
Full textVibrations are generating from an operating vehicule (motor, road). Then, they are transmitted to electrical connectors. Therefor, these vibrations can induce relative displacements between some of the connector components. The components for the electrical contact are the female part (called a clip) and the male part (called the tongue).These components are coated with materials that protect them from mechanical and chemical degradation. These coatings (a few micrometers thick) can be noble materials (gold, silver,...) or not noble (tin). A relative displacement of a few micrometers between the clip and the tongue is sufficient to irreversibly degrade the interface of the electrical contact zone by fretting-corrosion phenomenon. It is therefore necessary to know the internal vibratory behavior of connectors in order to recommend its best use for a vehicle.A test bench is carried out in order to characterize the vibratory behavior of a connector subjected to a vibratory profile. The measurements are carried out by vibrometry by making holes access for the clip and the tongue. From there, the analysis of the induced vibrations has revealed multi-axial directions displacements of the components of the connector and in particulary the clip holder (external support of the clip), despite a vibration whose direction is mono-axial.The analysis also showed a vibratory correspondence between the clip and the clip holder and resonance phenomena. From there, a first approach on a numerical modeling, based on a system mass-spring-damper, has been proposed. This analysis makes it possible to characterize the general vibratory behavior of a connector without depending on the type of vibration applied. This is a new approach in the characterization of electrical connectors used in the automotive industry.The relative movement between the clip and the tongue induce formation of a third body at the contact interface. This third body is composed of tin oxidized remains which disturb the conduction of electrical charges due to their electrcail insulating characteristic. The use of a nitrogen atmosphere and the analysis of the contact voltage as a function of the location of the clip relative to the tongue have demonstrated the dynamics of the oxidized debris with, in particular, their evacuation out of the contact area. Moreover, the analysis by a nuclear microprobe of a zone degraded contact area enable the measurement of oxygen concentration. The results hilight two types of copper oxides. These characterizations make it possible to better understand the phenomenon of fretting-corrosion and its consequences
Berne, Clément. "Étude de la sensibilité à la corrosion sous contrainte de laitons biphasés : Conception d'un test accéléré d'évaluation de la sensibilité à la corrosion sous contrainte de composants de robinetterie gaz." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2015. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/14643/1/berne1.pdf.
Full textAugustin, Christel. "Prévision des cinétiques de propagation de défauts de corrosion affectant les structures en alliage d'aluminium 2024." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2008. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7791/1/augustin1.pdf.
Full textCélarié, Fabrice. "Dynamique de fissuration à basse vitesse des matériaux vitreux." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007583.
Full text1. La propagation de la fissure dans des vitrocéramiques a été étudiée par AFM en fonction de leur degré de dévitrification. Des écarts à la propagation rectiligne ont été mis en évidence. Dans le matériau le plus dévitrifié, la fissure contourne les cristaux nanométriques engendrant des contraintes de torsion et de cisaillement ce qui accroît d'autant la résistance à la rupture du matériau.
2. En utilisant la microscopie AFM, nous avons montré que la propagation de la fissure dans des matériaux vitreux –étudiés à des températures très inférieures à la température de transition vitreuse- se faisait, au devant de la tête de fissure, par un processus de nucléation, croissance et la coalescence de nano-cavités d'endommagement. La mise en évidence expérimentale de ce phénomène de ductilité du verre à l'échelle nanométrique est un résultat novateur faisant un lien entre les mécanismes de fissuration des matériaux ductiles (métaux) et fragiles (verres). La différence se situe au niveau des échelles de longueur des cavités, respectivement micrométriques et nanométriques.
3. Enfin, l'étude de la fissuration d'un verre contenant des ions alcalins révèle une migration, à l'échelle nanométrique, d'espèces chimiques au voisinage immédiat de la fissure. Cette migration s'observe sous la forme d'apparition et de croissance de nodules de dimensions nanométriques. Le champ de contrainte mécanique local, le taux d'humidité relative, ainsi que le temps de séjour de la tête de fissure dans une zone non fissurée du matériau, sont des paramètres essentiels pour le contrôle de ces phénomènes de diffusion à l'échelle nanométrique. Les processus physico-chimiques impliqués (comme la diffusion locale d'ions sodium) ont été étudiés.
L'étude in-situ de la fissuration des matériaux vitreux aux échelles de longueur caractéristiques des hétérogénéités est d'une importance capitale pour comprendre et améliorer les propriétés mécaniques du verre, matériau qui est à l'heure actuelle de plus en plus utilisé dans de multiples domaines.
Deleume, Julien. "Facteurs métallurgiques et mécaniques contrôlant l'amorçage de défauts de corrosion sous contrainte dans l'alliage 718 en milieu primaire des réacteurs à eau sous pression." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2007. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7676/1/deleume.pdf.
Full textBirkel, Thierry. "Étude de la corrosion des matériaux carbones par l'aluminium liquide et ses alliages." Nancy 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994NAN10434.
Full textRiad, Soukaina. "Vers une modélisation de la corrosion sous contrainte assistée par l'irradiation du superalliage 718." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022ECDN0039.
Full textInconel 718 alloy is renowned for having excellent corrosion resistance, very high mechanical strength and good resistance to irradiation. Thus, it is a material of choice within a nuclear power reactor for parts subjected to extreme stresses (springs, retaining systems,...). However, failures in service have been observed in this material under irradiationassisted stress corrosion cracking phenomenon. This thesis aims to bring new elements of understanding of this complex phenomenon from the point of view of numerical modeling. The stress corrosion cracking process is modeled by the phase field fracture method. A unified implementation, able to deal with inter and intergranular fracture, is proposedand allows to couple efficiently different scales of work (from continuous medium to polycrystal) and different physics (mechanics of continuous and generalized media and internal oxidation). This modeling allows to propose simulations of the complex stages of stress corrosion cracking, namely initiation, coalescence and propagation
Farre, Marie-Thérèse. "Développement et validation d'une procédure expérimentale pour l’étude de la corrosion sous contrainte biaxiale : application aux couples alliage 600/air et 316l/mgcl 2." ENSMP, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ENMP0839.
Full textProust, Alain. "Etude par la technique d’émission acoustique de la corrosion sous contrainte de trois nuances d'acier inoxydable (austénitique, ferritique et austéno-ferritique) en milieu chlorure chaud." Lyon, INSA, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ISAL0081.
Full textThe aim of this study is to confirm the possibility of Acoustic Emission (AE) monitoring of Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC). AE technique can first, shed light into the mechanism of SCC particularly concerning the propagation process of trans-granular sec, and second, evolve into a method for in sit continuous monitoring of critical structures, for instance in chemical plants. The material-environment system is austenitic, ferritic and duplex stainless steels in 44% aqueous MgC12 solution at 145°C. Ali possible AE sources are identified and characterized in such operating conditions : bubbling and solution crystallization, hydrogen evolution, pitting, mechanical and electromagnetic noise. Plastic deformation. Tensile tests in a scanning electron microscope (SEM) are performed to identify the local deformation mechanisms that can induce film rupture. Slow strain rate tests are carried out to produce reproducible stress corrosion crack. During cracks propagation the AE bursts are identified and characterized for the three types of stainless steels. The mechanisms of film rupture are now better understood with SEM observations. Load pulsing tests in MgCl2 together with electrochemical measurements and SEM fractographs give a lot of information on initiation conditions, crack velocity, and the mechanism of AE bursts production. A good criterion bas already been achieved to detect by AE measurements the early stages of sec initiation and propagation. This criterion provides an earlier detection of sec than other mechanical and electrochemical techniques
Ramadan, Salah. "Étude et contrôle de la corrosion sous contrainte des câbles tendus utilisés dans les ouvrages d'art en milieu alcalin chloruré : caractérisation de l'endommagement par émission acoustique et techniques électrochimiques." Lyon, INSA, 2008. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2008ISAL0097/these.pdf.
Full textOne of the major problems recognized in civil engineering and affecting the long time performance of Prestressed Concrete Structure (PCS) is the degradation by the Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC) of prestressing cables used to improve the mechanical resistance of the concrete. Our purpose through this work is to study cables corrosion phenomenon in simulated concrete pores solution by acoustic emission technique (AE) coupled to electrochemical measurements. Our investigations among this work have allowed : The characterization of the electrochemical behavior of prestressing cables in several chloride solutions, at high alkalinity- pH =12. The evaluation of the propagation of guided waves and it’s attenuation throughout the cable and its central wire. The discrimination by AE, in the tested mediums, of two phases of steel SCC, attributed respectively to the oxide film breakage, pits initiation (phase I), pits propagation/cracks initiation (phase II1) and to the subcritical cracks growth, mode I, KIC ~ 80 Mpa. M0. 5, and mode II (phase II2). These phases were characterized by their waveform, their energy, and their duration. The classification of AE parameters by using the principal component analysis (PCA) in two well separated populations’ signals allotted to the two corrosion phases cited above. The confirmation of the influence of SCC on the degradation of the mechanical properties of cables by SEM observations. This study has shown a real potential of use of AE for the in situ and for the real-time health monitoring of prestressed concrete structures degradation
Moriau, Olivier. "Etude et optimisation du matériau "acier galvanisé" en termes de capacité d'amortissement et de résistance à la corrosion sous contrainte." Lille 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LIL10127.
Full textKweon, Young-Gak. "Influence de divers paramètres sur la fissuration par fatigue d'aciers de construction dans l'eau de mer sous protection cathodique." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986ECAP0010.
Full textFrançon, Virginie. "Corrosion sous contrainte par l’iode des alliages de zirconium : étude des paramètres critiques pour l’amorçage intergranulaire et la transition inter/transgranulaire." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ISAL0046.
Full textIodine-induced stress corrosion cracking (I-SCC) is one of the potential failure modes of zirconium alloy fuel claddings during power transients in nuclear reactors. I-SCC failures are usually described in three steps: initiation of cracks, intergranular development and transgranular propagation. The objective of this work is to identify critical parameters controlling transitions between crack propagation modes. First of all, experiments conducted on Zircaloy samples with various surface conditions and metallurgical states lead to discriminate the influence of several parameters responsible for cracks initiation. The critical role of residual stresses level, their distribution at the subsurface and their evolution in the bulk of the material is evidenced. Sensitivity to I-SSC is not directly correlated to surface roughness. However, dispersion in roughness parameters indicates the presence of surface irregularities, heterogeneities of residual stresses and the existence of surface areas where residual stresses are less protective. In a second step, Zircaloy-4 samples with various strain-hardening pre-treatments are submitted to constant load tests in an iodine methanol solution. Microstructural modifications induced by a strain-hardening pre-treatment enhance transgranular propagation of I-SCC cracks. TEM observations of fracture surfaces show that the intergranular to transgranular crack transition takes place preferentially where the relative crystallographic orientation is large between two adjacent grains, because of local stress concentrations resulting from strain incompatibilities between neighbouring grains
Moreau, Stéphane. "Fiabilité environnementale des composants de puissance : le TRIAC." Tours, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOUR4041.
Full textThe work presented in this thesis consists in the thermo-mechanical reliability study of power components submitted to temperature cycling tests (TCT) or thermal shock tests (TST). TCT and TST were compared from the component reliability point of view. The influence of dwell times and maximum temperature was investigated. TCT and TST seem to be equivalent because they produce the same degradation at the same location (cracked base plate – ceramic solder joint). These observations are validated by statistical analyses and 3-D simulations. Simulation results allow us to confirm the failure mechanism — solder joint between base plate and ceramic is worn out by shear — and to help us to bring out the effect of dwell times and temperature extremes. Thus, dwell times produce negligible impact in comparison of temperature extremes. From the determination of fatigue models constants and the supplying of a mission profile (real temperature profile), lifetime estimation can be performed
Durif, Emilien. "Caractérisation du couplage mécano-électrochimique en pointe de fissure lors de la fissuration assistée par corrosion sous contrainte : cas du Zircaloy-4 en milieu aqueux halogéné." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00759340.
Full textPauchard, Vincent. "Etude des mécanismes de rupture des fibres dans les composites UD verre/epoxy sous sollicitation de fatigue longitudinale en milieu humide : application d'un modèle de corrosion sous contraintes." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2001. http://bibli.ec-lyon.fr/exl-doc/TH_T1868_vpauchard.pdf.
Full textThe fatigue behaviour of unidirectional glass/epoxy composites under longitudinal bending or tensile loading is known to be largely dominated by the delayed fracture of the fibre reinforcement. Often refereed as stress corrosion cracking (SCC), these processes are controlled by the sub-critical growth of glass surface defects under the combined action of stress and moisture. On this basis we have conducted a multi-scale analysis on the early stages of damage development: (i) a statistical model of Stress Corrosion Cracking have been validated during tensile tests on dry fibres bundles by means of Acoustic Emission; (ii) the same model have been applied to an elementary volume within a flexural beam by means of in situ optical observations; (iii) an empirical relationship between the number of fibre breaks on the tensile side in front of the loading nose and the relative stiffness of the specimen allowed us to propose an analytical approximation of the stiffness loss of flexural beams under static or quasi-static loading; (iv) potential and limitations of this approach for dynamic fatigue were investigated in immersion in hot water. It appeared that our model allowed to take into account of thermal activation, strain level, solicitation ratio and frequency
Milanese, Julien. "Rupture intergranulaire assistée par l'oxydation et corrosion sous contrainte de produits minces en alliage 718 : rôle de la microstructure et de la chimie des joints de grains." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019INPT0054.
Full textDue to its good resistance to Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC), some of the components of nuclear assemblies of Pressurized Water Reactors (PWR) are made of alloy 718. Nevertheless, the current trend is increasing the liability and the safety of nuclear plants and needs a further understanding of the SCC mechanism of the material. Framatome is also considering a modification of the processing route of the strips used for the manufacturing of these components in order to improve the SCC resistance of the alloy 718. To better understand the SCC mechanism and support the solution undertaken, the influence of the metallurgical state on the damaging process must be investigated. The influences of the precipitation of phase and cold working on the susceptibility to intergranular cracking of the alloy were examined and the deformation mechanism at grain boundaries identified. It was shown that these two features were beneficial and improve the cracking resistance of the alloy but could not provide full desensitization when taken separately. Furthermore, grain boundary sliding was identified on the material susceptible to SCC whereas it is partially suppressed on the resistant one. From these observations, a mechanism for the initiation of intergranular cracks based on grain boundary sliding has been proposed. This work is a valuable contribution for the better understanding of the SCC mechanism of the alloy 718 and provides an explanation to the higher cracking resistance of the material derived from the new processing route. In addition, the relevance of the industrial solution to suit the problematic encountered was put forward
Konarski, Piotr. "Thermo-chemical-mechanical modeling of nuclear fuel behavior : Impact of oxygen transport in the fuel on Pellet Cladding Interaction." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEI080.
Full textThe goal of this thesis is to study the impact of oxygen transport on thermochemistry of nuclear fuel and pellet cladding interaction. During power ramps, nuclear fuel is exposed to high temperature gradients. It undergoes chemical and structural changes. The fuel swelling leads to a mechanical contact with the cladding causing high mechanical stresses in the cladding. Simultaneously, chemically reactive gas species are released from the hot pellet center and can interact with the cladding. The combination of these chemical and mechanical factors may lead to the cladding failure by iodine stress corrosion cracking. It has been proven that oxygen transport under high temperature gradients affects irradiated fuel thermochemistry, a phenomenon which may be of importance for stress corrosion cracking. This thesis presents 3D simulations of power ramps in pressurized water reactors with the fuel performance code ALCYONE, which is part of the computing environment PLEIADES. The code has been upgraded to couple the description of irradiated fuel thermochemistry already available with oxygen transport taking into account oxygen thermal diffusion. The impact of oxygen redistribution during a power transient on irradiated fuel thermochemistry in the fuel and on chemically reactive gas release from the fuel (consisting of I(g), I2(g), CsI(g), TeI2(g), Cs(g) and Cs2(g), mainly) is studied. The simulations show that oxygen redistribution, even if moderate in magnitude, leads to the reduction of metallic oxides (molybdenum dioxide, cesium molybdate, chromium oxide) at the fuel pellet center and consequently to the release of a much greater quantity of gaseous cesium, in agreement with post-irradiation examinations. The three-dimensional calculations of the quantities of importance for iodine stress corrosion cracking (hoop stress, hoop strain, iodine partial pressure at the clad inner wall) are then used in simulations of clad crack propagation
Lenci, Matthieu. "Quantification du glissement intergranulaire par microscopie à force atomique : contribution à l'analyse de l'endommagement intergranulaire à haute température." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00739345.
Full textOger, Loïc. "Corrosion sous contrainte et fragilisation par l'hydrogène d'alliages d'aluminium de la série 7xxx (Al-Zn-Mg) : identification des paramètres microstructuraux critiques pilotant l'endommagement à l'échelle locale." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2017. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/19559/19/OGER_Loic_1_sur_2.pdf.
Full textBolivar, Vina José. "Experimental study of the behavior of colonies of environmentally-assisted short cracks by digital image correlation, acoustic emission and electrochemical noise." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEI059/document.
Full textThis work concerns with the current needs of enhancing the tools used for predicting the remnant lifetime of structures subjected to the risk of initiation and propagation of multiple stress corrosion cracks (SCC). The approach consists in developing an original experimental methodology based on joint measurements of digital image correlation (DIC), acoustic emission (EA) and electrochemical noise (EN). The final objective is to contribute to both the understanding of the mechanisms involved in the development of interacting short stress corrosion cracks and to the modeling of the colony behavior. The choice of optimal conditions for the heat treatment of a Nickel-base alloy and for the pH of a polythionate solution allowed controlling the morphological parameters of intergranular cracks colonies, which were investigated by DIC owning to an optimized suitable surface treatment. The different propagation stages of a single crack and some colonies were identified, together with the involved mechanisms, through experiments and analyses performed in 2D and 3D. This innovative experimental approach allowed settling the basements of the numerical modeling and validating it. A particular attention was focused on EN measurements through a critical analysis of the perturbations generated by the instrumental noise and the asymmetry of the studied system. The limitations of the technique for its application to the quantitative study of SCC were evaluated on the basis of the present results. A transposal of the experimental approach towards high temperature and pressure conditions of test was finally proposed as a short-term prospect of this work, also allowing considering other modes of crack propagation linked to the material microstructure in the numerical approach
Foulon, Anthony. "Détermination de la signature acoustique de la corrosion des composites SVR (stratifiés verre résine)." Thesis, Compiègne, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015COMP2204/document.
Full textSince the 1980, Glass Reinforced Plastic (GRP) has been used for construction of pipes and tanks in the chemical industry, including the storage of mineral acids. This composite material offers superior and cost effective corrosion resistance. However, authors found accidental breakage of tanks (horizontal and vertical) containing mineral acids (hydrochloric and sulphuric). These failures are attributed to environmental stress-corrosion cracking (ESCC) mechanism. The corrosion of glass fibers in mineral acid solution is less known but very important. The mechanism of the corrosion, called leaching, is thought to induce tensile stresses in the surface of the glass. These stresses could be large enough to cause cracking of the fiber glass.Corrosion tests have been performed on GRP specimen. Aggressive environments used are hydrochloric acid (37%) This environment is known to react with E-glass. Corrosion tests have been monitored by acoustic emission.SEM observations and physicochemical analysis confirm the corrosion of glass fibers in HCl solution. The use of micro - tomography allows to have information on the depth of degradation of the material.Statistical approaches are used to characterize hit’s parameters. Clustering is made by using k-mean’s method. Three distinct acoustic emission classes are identified. Thanks to SEM observations and acoustic emission results, clusters can be assigned to the appearance of minor defects in the material
Duquesnes, Vincent. "De l'hydruration du titane et ses alliages : impact des paramètres de mise en forme du matériau et conséquences sur sa durabilité en milieu corrosif." Thesis, Dijon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016DIJOS054/document.
Full textHurley, Caitlin Mae. "Kinetic study of hydrogen-material interactions in nickel base alloy 600 and stainless steel 316L through coupled experimental and numerical analysis." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2015. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/14454/1/hurley.pdf.
Full textPrades, Silke. "Mécanismes de rupture dans le verre à l'échelle nanométrique." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007499.
Full textAjana, Lofti. "Etude critique de méthodes d'essais en C. S. C. : application au cas des aciers inoxydables en milieu chloruré." Bordeaux 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985BOR10593.
Full textLopez, Nathalie. "Mise en évidence par les essais EPR de la sensibilité à la corrosion intergranulaire et à la corrosion sous contrainte des aciers austéno-ferritiques." Bordeaux 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR10529.
Full textVignal, Vincent. "Etude des propriétés physico-chimiques et mécaniques de films passifs à l'aide de la microscopie à champ proche : conséquences sur la corrosion sous contrainte." Bordeaux 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR10699.
Full textRanaivoarisoa, Aimé. "Etude des couplages entre les processus de fatigue-corrosion et corrosion sous contrainte d'un acier inoxydable austénitique en milieu chloruré chaud." Bordeaux 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR10655.
Full textFonlupt, Stéphanie. "Corrosion sous contrainte de cupro-aluminiums complexes en milieu marin." Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004EMSE0027.
Full textThis study was started after the detection of cracks in pressurised tubes made of CuAl9Ni3Fe2, used in sea water, under cathodic polarisation. We conducted dynamic stress corrosion cracking tests in synthetic sea water on samples of model microstructures. The mechanism of stress corrosion cracking of the CuAl9Ni3Fe2 alloy involves the selective dissolution of second phases rich in alloying elements, leading to an intergranular cracking. In the studied range of applied cathodic potential, the measured crack propagation rate (12 æm/h) is higher than at free potential (1 æm/h). We also evaluated the influence of alterations of the environment on the cracking mechanism. With these results, we are able to explain how the cracks develop on the industrial sites and to specify service conditions suitable for an improved stress corrosion cracking resistance
Malki, Brahim. "Étude électrochimique de la corrosion sous contrainte d'alliages de cuivre." Lille 1, 1999. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1999/50376-1999-31.pdf.
Full textAmor, Zakia. "Suivi de l'endommagement en corrosion sous contrainte des aciers inoxydables austénitiques, en milieu chloruré chaud, par la méthode d'impédance électrochimique." Bordeaux 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BOR10552.
Full textPeyrat, Christine. "Etude de l'amorçage et de la propagation des fissures de corrosion sous contrainte : caractérisation quantitative et modélisation." Bordeaux 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR10637.
Full textBoursier, Jean-Marie. "Fissuration par corrosion sous contrainte des alliages fer-nickel-chrome en milieu primaire de réacteur à eau sous pression." Bordeaux 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR10530.
Full textMankowski, Georges. "Corrosion par piqures et corrosion sous contrainte du zircaloy-4 en milieu neutre chlorure." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376076717.
Full textBeurrot, Stéphanie. "Cristallisation sous contrainte du caoutchouc naturel en fatigue et sous sollicitation multiaxiale." Ecole Centrale de Nantes, 2012. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00835499.
Full textNatural rubber is well-known for its excellent mechanical properties in multiaxial fatigue and those are generaly attributed to the ability of the material to crystallize when strained. However, the relationship between strain-induced crystallization and mechanical properties of natural rubber has never been established. The aim of this thesis is therefore to understand the origin of the great multiaxial fatigue properties of carbon black-filled natural rubber, by considering two small scales of study, as opposed to the macroscopic scale generally considered. The first part of this thesis is dedicated to uniaxial crack growth and energy dissipation mechanisms at the cracks and micro-cracks scale ; those mechanisms are determined thanks to original in-situ propagation tests observed with scanning electron microscope. In the second part of the thesis, strain-induced crystallization is studied at the macromolecular scale, in static multaxial deformation on the one hand and in uniaxial fatigue on the other hand, thanks to X-ray diffraction measurements performed at the Soleil synchrotron facility. The characteristics of crystallites, i. E. Their size, orientation, number and lattice parameters, are measured during the different mechanical tests. We observe that in multiaxial deformation, the crystallites are similar in size and have the samei lattice parameters than those nucleated in uniaxial deformation, but their orientation strongly varies with the multiaxiality of the deformation and is not influenced by the loading path. Finally, we show that in uniaxial fatigue, the characteristics of the crystallites evolve with the number of cycles, differently depending on the minimum and maximium stretch ratios reached at each cycle
Bosch, Cédric. "Etude de la relation entre la corrosion sous contrainte et la fatigue corrosion basse fréquence de l'alliage 600 en milieu primaire des réacteurs à eau sous pression." Bordeaux 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR1A577.
Full textBosch, Cédric. "Etude de la relation entre la corrosion sous contrainte et la fatigue corrosion basse fréquence de l'alliage 600 en milieu primaire des réacteurs à eau sous pression." Bordeaux 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR10683.
Full textMonnot, Martin. "Etude des mécanismes de corrosion sous contrainte des aciers inoxydables supermartensitiques en milieu H2S." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAI046/document.
Full textSuper martensitic stainless steels are widely used in the oil and gas industry, but failures occurred in service under severe conditions. The aim of this study is to provide a better understanding of the stress corrosion mechanism in H$_2$S medium. For this purpose, laboratory heats have been casted with different molybdenum contents, a component known to improve corrosion resistance. These additions of alloying elements then involve a fine characterization of the microstructure, in order to grasp the mechanisms of rupture. Particular attention has been paid to the evolution of the retained austenite and residual ferrite fraction with the heat treatments of quench and annealing which are commonly practiced on these grades. Then, by electrochemical measurements without mechanical stress, the addition of molybdenum was identified as beneficial for the passivity of the grade in the H$_2$S medium. And for 2.25% molybdenum contents, corrosion products have been identified as mainly nickel sulfides, which are inhibitors of hydrogen recombination. Subsequently, corrosion tests under static and dynamic load coupled to electrochemical impedance measurements show a beneficial effect of molybdenum and residual austenite. In particular, molybdenum reduces the defects of the passive film. A finite elements model simulates the slow strain rate traction tests taking into account the hydrogen embrittlement. In order to use experimental parameters, an electrochemical permeation cell was implemented and used to measure the hydrogen diffusion coefficient within our different heats. A good match with the experimental results was obtained with this model and a parametric study was carried out on the diffusion coefficient and the hydrogen interfacial concentration. Finally, a synthesis provides the proposal of a stress corrosion mechanism divided in two steps: the passive film resistance to limit the hydrogen absorption in the matrix and the trapping of the hydrogen by the residual austenite in function deformation
Jambon, Fanny. "Mécanismes d'absorption d'hydrogène et intéractions hydrogène-défauts : implications en corrosion sous contrainte des alliages à base nickel en milieu primaire des réacteurs à eau pressurisée." Thesis, Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EVRY0028.
Full textSince the late 1960s, a special form of stress corrosion cracking (SCC) has been identified for Alloy 600 exposed to pressurized water reactors (PWR) primary water: intergranular cracks develop during the alloy exposure, leading, progressively, to the complete ruin of the structure, and to its replacement. The main goal of this study is therefore to evaluate in which proportions the hydrogen absorbed by the alloy during its exposure to the primary medium can be responsible for SCC crack initiation and propagation. This study is aimed at better understanding of the hydrogen absorption mechanism when a metallic surface is exposed to a passivating PWR primary medium. A second objective is to characterize the interactions of the absorbed hydrogen with the structural defects of the alloy (dislocations, vacancies…) and evaluate to what extent these interactions can have an embrittling effect in relation with SCC phenomenon. Alloy 600-like single-crystals were exposed to a simulated PWR medium where the hydrogen atoms of water or of the pressuring hydrogen gas were isotopically substituted with deuterium, used as a tracer. Secondary ion mass spectrometry depth-profiling of deuterium was performed to characterize the deuterium absorption and localization in the passivated alloy. The results show that the hydrogen absorption during the exposure of the alloy to primary water is associated with the water molecules dissociation during the oxide film build-up. In an other series of experiments, structural defects were created in recrystallized samples, and finely characterized by positron annihilation spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy, before or after the introduction of cathodic hydrogen. These analyses exhibited a strong hydrogen/defects interaction, evidenced by their structural reorganization under hydrogenation (coalescence, migrations). However, thermal desorption spectroscopy analyses indicated that these interactions are transitory, and dependent on the local hydrogen activity in the bulk material. Finally, these results allowed a new model describing SCC crack initiation and propagation to be formulated
Limousin, Laurent. "Modélisation de l'érosion-corrosion de cibles métalliques par des jets vapeur d'eau-sodium liquide." Rouen, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991ROUES055.
Full textPoudens, Anita. "Suivi et caractérisation de l'endommagement en corrosion sous contrainte par la mesure de l'impédance électrochimique." Bordeaux 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR10607.
Full textRaquet, Olivier. "Caractérisation quantitative de l'amorçage et de la propagation en corrosion sous contrainte : approche d'une modélisation phénoménologique." Bordeaux 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR10658.
Full textTribouilloy, Laure. "Etude de la propagation par corrosion sous contrainte des aciers inoxydables austénitiques écrouis en milieu primaire de REP : vers un modèle d'amorçage." Bordeaux 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR13525.
Full textAudurier, Valérie. "Plasticité du nitrure d'aluminium sous forte contrainte : sous-structures de déformation." Poitiers, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994POIT2263.
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