Academic literature on the topic 'Matériaux carbonés structurés'
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Journal articles on the topic "Matériaux carbonés structurés"
Guitard, Laureen, Adrien Stolidi, Amélie Jarnac, and Jérôme Primot. "Technique d’imagerie par rayons X en contraste de phase pour du contrôle de matériaux composite." e-journal of nondestructive testing 28, no. 9 (September 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.58286/28531.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Matériaux carbonés structurés"
Vidal, Mathieu. "Préparation, activation et caractérisation de nanomatériaux carbonés : étude de leur réactivité chimique et du magnétisme." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Toulouse (2023-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024TLSEP149.
Full textThis research focuses on the preparation and characterization of four carbon-based materials, namely carbon nanotubes (CNTs), few-layer graphene (FLG), carbon nanofibers (CNF), and a fibrous material (FM) exhibiting different ratios of basal and prismatic planes. The goal is to create reactive centers on these materials and study their magnetic and chemical properties. Chapter 1 corresponds to a literature review on the subject, covering the different types of defects in carbon materials, their engineering, and their properties. In Chapter 2, we studied the effect of annealing at 2800°C, primarily carried out to eliminate any traces of metallic impurities in these materials, on the structural, textural, chemical, and magnetic properties of these four carbon materials. We demonstrated that annealing forms loops in these materials, which complicates the interpretation of certain results. The removal of surface oxygenated groups and aliphatic -CH groups creates numerous active sites that rearrange to gain stability. Chapter 3 details the effect of high-temperature oxidation on the four annealed materials, as well as their activation under an inert atmosphere at 400°C, on their structural, textural, chemical, and magnetic properties. It was demonstrated by EPR and VSM that the number of spins decreases after activation. Nevertheless, pulsed EPR experiments show that new paramagnetic centers appear on materials with a high prismatic surface. The materials were then tested in heterogeneous catalysis for the oxidative dehydrogenation reaction of indoline. A decrease in catalytic activity was observed after activation at 400°C, consistent with a reduction in the number of spins. This decrease in activity is in line with the amount of oxygen present on the surface of the different carbon materials. Although no clear correlation was found across all materials, two distinct groups emerged: materials exhibiting a predominantly prismatic surface and those with a predominantly basal surface. In Chapter 4, the preparation of single-atom rhodium-supported catalysts on the four carbon supports (1% Rh/Carbon) is detailed. A thorough study combining EXAFS measurements and modeling allowed us to better understand the interactions of rhodium atoms with the different types of surfaces present in the carbon materials. Additionally, these supported catalysts were tested in heterogeneous catalysis in the hydrogenation of phenylacetylene and the hydroformylation of 1-octene and styrene. A basal surface is more stabilizing, but it is more challenging to obtain only isolated atoms, unlike a prismatic surface, where it is easier to achieve isolated atoms but is less stabilizing. Our results highlight the importance of using several complementary analytical techniques to accurately characterize these materials. Thus, even if no clusters were detected by EXAFS and XPS, their presence was revealed by TEM imaging and catalysis
Laffont, Lydia. "Structure et propriétés physiques de matériaux polyaromatiques par MET, EELS, et RX." Toulouse 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU30129.
Full textShao, Ying. "Utilisation de matériaux lignocellulosiques et d'impression 3D pour élaborer des structures contuctrices." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAI106/document.
Full textIn the present work, electrically conductive and mechanically resistant carbon structures were elaborated by 3D printing and subsequent pyrolysis using microfibrillated cellulose/lignosulfonate/cellulose powder (labeled as MFC/LS/CP) blends. The processability of MFC/LS/CP slurries by 3D printing was examined by rheological tests in both steady flow and thixotropic modes. The printed MFC/LS/CP pastes were self-standing, provided a high printing definition and were proved to be morphologically stable to air drying and the subsequent pyrolysis. Pyrolysis at a slow rate (0.2°C/min) to a final temperature in the range of 400-1200°C was used to manufacture MFC/LS/CP carbons. The TGA/DTG was applied to monitor the thermal degradation of MFC/LS/CP materials in blends as well as in a separated form. The resulting carbons were further characterized in terms of morphology, microstructure and physical properties (such as density, electrical conductivity and mechanical strength). At 900°C, MFC/LS/CP carbons displayed a high electrical conductivity of 47.8 S/cm together with a low density of 0.74 g/cm3 as well as an important porosity of 0.58. They also achieved an elastic modulus maximum of 6.62 GPa. Such interesting electrical and mechanical properties would lead to a promising application of MFC/LS/CP- derived biocarbons in energy storage devices as electrode materials in close future
Rubrice, Kevin. "Matériaux composites commandables pour applications hyperfréquences dans les structures navales." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN1S127.
Full textComposite materials are used for their lightness, high resistance to corrosion and high mechanical properties over large application areas, such as naval, ground and aerial. Collaboration between DCNS group and the Institute of Electronics and Telecommunications of Rennes (IETR, UMR-6164) has been initiated to develop smart composite materials with tunable properties at microwaves. Three different routes have been investigated during the thesis work. The first one is based on carbon composite material, its electromagnetic absorbing ability and its potential dielectric tunability. For this, we develop composite materials loaded with various carbon particles (carbon nanotube, graphene, black carbon). Next, to elaborate smart composite materials, a ferroelectric material has been used as filler. The dielectric characteristics of such materials can be tuned under external biasing for example. Thus we develop an active composite material under various external actuators for naval application, and especially for new reconfigurable frequency selective surface (RFSS). Finally dielectric honeycomb materials have been specifically elaborated and studied to develop smart properties for DC and microwave applications. During this work, three different prototypes improving composite materials in naval area have been performed: reconfigurable radome, RCS reduction, and antenna isolation
Bertran, Xavier. "Comportement en milieu oxydant d’un composite carbone/carbone pour applications structurales entre 150 et 400°c dans l’aéronautique civile." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR14922/document.
Full textA 2D Carbon/Carbon composite is envisaged for structural parts, operating between 150 and 400°C, in civil aircraft. In this temperature range, the durability of these materials remains unknown because they have never been developed for this kind of applications. A first approach allowed us to correlate the chemical reactivity of the elemental constituents (fiber and matrix) to their structural organization. Then, thermal ageing tests performed on the composite material have demonstrated that a low rate of oxidation could be responsible to a significant reduction of residual mechanical properties. Cracks and fiber/matrix debonding resulting to the elaboration process create an extended pathway to a preferential oxidation of the most reactive compound. This latter is followed by a premature failure by delamination. The reduction of the material properties over long periods is finally discussed in order to evaluate its ability to replace metallic materials in aircraft structural parts
Kaplan, Benjamin. "Synthèse, structure et propriétés électrochimiques de matériaux d'électrodes pour accumulateurs lithium-ion." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066195.
Full textDelas, Jean-Marc. "Méthode d'évaluation de l'amortissement structural intrinsèque d'un matériau composite carbone-époxy." Bordeaux 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BOR10622.
Full textSun, Zhen Kun. "Rational design of mesoporous materials with Core/shell structures with applications for sustainability." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26106.
Full textMesoporous materials, especially ordered ones have become ones of great importance nanomaterials, which possess regular, uniform and interpenetrating mesopores in nanoscale. Morphology and texture controls towards mesoporous materials are critical for a variety of practical applications, the ultimate goal of which are the realization of their functional design. Core/shell composite materials are a type of functional hybrid materials which not only possess the properties of the individual components, but also exhibit some new or synergistic effects between the core and the shell. The design of mesoporous materials with unique core/shell configuration and multifunctions to make them successfully applied in practice, should be an important driving force for the continuous development of current material science. This thesis mainly focuses on two aspects: (1) careful design of core/shell structured mesoporous materials in order to solve the problem and difficulty in synthesis, which hinders their further applications and (2) application of mesoporous materials in cyclic CO2 capture to enhance the durability of CO2 sorbents by taking advantage of the core/shell concept. Aiming at the calcium looping cycle, an attractive technology for large-scale CO2 capture, we have prepared novel mesoporous core/shell structured CaO-based sorbents which exhibit highly stable cyclability and excellent attrition-resistance performances, attributed to advantages of both mesoporous materials and unique core/shell configuration. Our fabrication method could easily be realized in large-scale and meet the requirements of circulating fluidized bed reactors. Owing to their high surface energies, metallic nanoparticles normally tend to aggregate together during catalytic reactions, and their separation from a complex heterogeneous system is another obstacle. In this regards, we have demonstrated a facile and versatile synthesis of multicomponent and multifunctional microspheres Fe3O4@C-Pd@mSiO2 with well-defined core/shell structures, confined catalytic Pd nanoparticles and accessible ordered mesopore channels. Recently, various methods have been proposed for coating mesoporous shells on cores by soft-templating process. However, the generated mesopores are usually very small (< 3 nm), which may limit their further applications. In this work, we have accomplished the synthesis of superparamagnetic core/shell structured microspheres possessing an outer shell of ordered mesoporous silica with large pores (4.5 nm) by adopting triblock-copolymer Pluronic P123 as soft-template.
Sow, Amadou Oumar. "Etude sous pression des nanotubes de carbone et des matériaux supraconducteurs à base de fer." Grenoble, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010GRENY004.
Full textIn this thesis, we have studied pressure effects on the electrical and structural properties of I- double wall carbon nanotubes (DWCNTs), ans II- iron-based superconductors. I- DWNCTs networkks exhibit, at low temperatures, a power law behavior of the conductance G, a signature of Luttinger liquid (LL). At high temperatures, G is linear, signalizing a crossover to a Fermi liquid (FL) state. The apparition of the linear behavior is shifted over room temperature by the application of a pressure. That is explained by the freeze of twist modes, responsible for the electron scattering and the high temperature linear behavior. II- We have studied newiron-based superconductors. On LaFeAsO1-xFx, our study was the first to investigate correllations between structural and superconducting properties under pressure. The analysis pointed out similarities with cuprates (compressibility) and conventional ssuperconductors. We showed in SrFeAsF and CaFeAsF the coexistence state between a spin density wave (SDW) and superconductivity. The appearance at P≥2GPa of the superconducting state is attributed to hole doping, following a interlayers charge transfer due to the pressure. Thus, this doping is less destructive for the SDW than the electron one. We then studied Sr4V2O6FeAs2. Its large perovskite layer has an important task, on one hand by maintaining the initial perfect values of the tetragonal angles until ~10GPa, on the other hand by rejecting any structural "tetragonal to orthorhombic" transition-type, preventing the SDW development and then allowing the compound to exhibit superconductivity at zero-pressure. We showed that the critical temperature TC is the highest when tetragonal angles have their perfect values. Our last study was focused on Fe Se. After analysing the structural and transport data, we discovered a new high pressure orthorhombic phase with TC~35K, the highest measured to date in this system
Nozet, Quentin. "Structure et propriétés de matériaux composites obtenus par hétérocoagulation de latex de caoutchouc naturel et de noir de carbone." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPSLS033.
Full textThis thesis investigates the storage hardening of natural rubber and carbon black composites made by heterocoagulation. Heterocoagulation is a process that consists in injecting a carbon black slurry at high speed into a colloidal suspension of natural rubber. We obtain a squishy and highly hydrated material that is subsequently dried and processed using an internal mixer or a mechanical press. The hardening is characterized using various rheological techniques among which torsional rheology and Mooney viscosimetry. Many parameters are investigated: the processing technique, the storage environment, the presence of residual water, temperature, the carbon black content. We define characteristic times of hardening whose temperature dependence indicates that the hardening results from a activated process. The energies of activation are nearly independent of the experimental parameters and compare well to that found in natural rubber. Swelling experiments in good solvent show that hardening is associated with the buildup of an interconnected network of macromolecules. We discuss the origin of this network in relation with the microstructure of natural polyisoprene and the presence of phospholipids and proteins
Book chapters on the topic "Matériaux carbonés structurés"
DOPPIU, Stefania, and Elena PALOMO DEL BARRIO. "Ingénierie des matériaux à changement de phase pour améliorer leur performance." In Stockage de la chaleur et du froid 1, 77–116. ISTE Group, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.51926/iste.9133.ch5.
Full textColomban, Philippe. "Nano-optique, céramiques et verres nano-structurés, des pratiques millénaires." In Regards croisés: quand les sciences archéologiques rencontrent l'innovation, 99–122. Editions des archives contemporaines, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.17184/eac.3792.
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