Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Matériaux au contact des aliments'
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Karbouj, Rim. "Transfert d'aluminium : cas des matériaux pour contact alimentaire." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00294273.
Full textIsmail, Rached. "Bois et contact alimentaire : de la méthodologie d’extraction des microorganismes à partir du bois à l’évaluation du transfert microbiologique aux aliments cibles." Nantes, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NANT065F.
Full textIn France, the wood material is authorized for food contact by the decree of 1945, reinforced by the information note DGCCRF N°. 2012-93 “Wood material” (Directorate General for Consumer Affairs, Competition and Fraud Control), setting the positive list of wood species permitted for food contact. Although previous studies have shown the hygienic quality of wooden cutting boards and bacteriostatic quality of ripening shelves, work is still needed to microbiological characterization of the wooden surface. In this context, three recovering methods of microorganisms were compared and validated for three types of wood (dry or wet) used by the French sector of wood packaging suppliers. Three microbiological hazards for sectors which use wooden packaging were tested
Bolle, Fabien. "L'impact des matériaux utilisés au contact alimentaire sur l'ingestion d'éléments chimiques dans l'alimentation humaine." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209360.
Full textChardron, Sylvain. "Optimisation d'un film d'emballage : approche intégrée de la production, formulation et de l'aptitude au contact alimentaire d'un biocomposite." Lorient, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LORIS151.
Full textDevelopment of biodegradable polymers has become a crucial stake on environmentally and economically issues of plastics. Among these biopolymers, polyhydroxyalkanoates or phas, which are synthesized by bacteria, are very promising for their mechanical and ecological properties. Unfortunately, some drawbacks limits their expansion. Despite their qualities, commercially available phas can’t compete with traditional plastics. Tailor made synthesis is essential to control polymer properties. Our work consists of controlling mechanical properties of phas by bacterial fermentation process mastering as well as nanocomposites formulation. These 2 steps allow properties improvement which is necessary to develop these polymers, particularly for food packaging applications. Mechanical properties and food conservation abilities are essential for such applications. We studied conservation performances of meat product in real packaging conditions. Last part of work delt with material-bacteria interactions. This parameter is essential for the comprehension of mechanism which governs microbial colonisation of polymers
Kassouf, Amine. "Sécurité sanitaire des denrées au contact de matériau d'emballage : proposition d'une démarche méthodologique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, AgroParisTech, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AGPT0006.
Full textCompliance of plastic food contact materials (FCMs) with current legal specifications requires a better knowledge of their composition as well as their interaction phenomena with food in contact. Inspired by non-hypothesis driven metabolomics approaches, mining useful information in spectral and chromatographic fingerprints such as those generated by mid-infrared spectroscopy (MIR), gas and liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GCMS and LC-MS) and 3D front face fluorescence spectroscopy, is becoming a key step in recent advancements in analytical chemistry, which we applied for the safety evaluation of FCMs. Innovative chemometric tools were used especially independent components analysis (ICA). In fact, the developed analytical approaches, that combine analytical fingerprints with chemometrics, helped to extract relevant information about the composition of these materials, such as intentionally added substances, listed in the EU regulations Nº10/2011, and also unknown molecules resulting from chemical reactivity and contamination. This approach was validated in particular for monitoring polyethylene terephthalate bottles manufacturing process as well as for the quantification of plasticizers in polylactide. Moreover, the proposed non-targeted methodologies proved their efficiency in highlighting the reactivity of migrating compounds from FCMs into complex foodstuffs such as olive oils. The scope of the developed approaches is not limited to the study of FCMs safety. The combination of MIR fingerprints with ICA allowed us to ensure an effective separation of the main plastic packaging materials. This approach could easily find applications in the sorting of plastic wastes prior to recycling
Lajarrige, Anaïs. "Exploration des risques et des bénéfices liés à l'utilisation de nano-argiles dans des matériaux biodégradables destinés au contact alimentaire." Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTG052.
Full textThe substitution of conventional plastic materials with biodegradable and bio-based materials is an interesting alternative for dealing with environmental problems related to their wide use. The aim of this thesis is to develop new nanocomposite materials, dedicated to food packaging, safe for the consumer and the environment. The bio-nanocomposites are produced by extrusion using two biopolyesters as matrix (PBSA or PHBV), chosen for their differing transfer properties, and lamellar nanoclays as reinforcement. The investigations were focused on two major scientific issues: (i) to understand the impact of the introduction of nanoclays on the material properties at all stages of its life cycle: after production, during its use in food contact and during its end-of-life; (ii) to study the benefits-risks balance related to the addition of nanoclays in biodegradable materials dedicated to food packaging. The first part of this work aims to evaluate the impact of the addition of nanoclays on the properties of transfer and inertia of these materials and consequently of their suitability for food contact. In this way, the conditions defined in the European regulation No 10/2011 dedicated to non-degradable materials were first used, then methods more adapted to this type of materials have been developed. Subsequently, the benefits in term of barrier properties and the risks related to consumer exposure to additives present in the materials were quantified using different case studies. Finally, a study of the impact of the nanoclays on the end-of-life of the materials was conducted by biodegradation tests in soil and ecotoxicity tests on plants and soil
Perrin, Pascale. "Urticaire de contact aux aliments." Montpellier 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON11249.
Full textKoumi, Koffi Espoir. "Modélisation du contact entre matériaux hétérogènes : Application au contact Aube/Disque." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ISAL0120/document.
Full textThe present PhD thesis deals with contact problems between heterogeneous materials. Nowadays heterogeneous materials are extensively used in several industrial domains (automotive, aeronautics, aerospace, ...). Heterogeneous materials involve porous materials, aluminum alloys, composites materials (woven composites, interlocks 3D, interlocks 2D), metallic or ceramics materials containing impurities (porosities/precipitates). In this work, a contact model based on semi-analytical method is proposed. A conjugate gradient algorithm is used for a fast resolution of contact equations. The model can account for one or more isotropic/anisotropic inhomogeneities. An approach taking inspiration from the Eshelby equivalent inclusion method is used in the contact solver to account for the effect of inhomogeneities. 2D and 3D Fast Fourier Transforms (FFT) are used to speed up the computation. A numerical method is implemented in order to take into account interactions between many heterogeneities. The semi-infinite space/ matrix can be either elastic or visco-elastic. The model developed in the present PhD thesis can solve indentation, rolling/sliding or fretting contact problems between heterogeneous elastic materials, homogeneous or heterogeneous visco-elactic materials. In the case of visco-elastic materials, the model permits to get the solution in terms of contact pressure distribution, subsurface stresses, apparent friction coefficient, both in the transient and then steady-state regimes. The model has been validated by performing a comparison with the results of a finite element model. The CPU time and memory necessary are greatly reduced in comparison with the classical finite element method. The model developed is fast, robust and extremely easy to use. An original experimental approach was proposed in order to measure the displacement fields at interface of two contacting bodies. A good agreement between experimental results and numerical simulations is obtained. Finally, the model is applied on some industrial applications. A coupling between a finite element model and the semi-analytical code allow to take into account the effects of structure on contact problem
Tamine, Tawfik. "Amorçage de fissures par fatigue-contact." Metz, 1994. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1994/Tamine.Tawfik.SMZ9418.pdf.
Full textThe present thesis is a contribution to the knowledge of the shelling process caused by a contact fatigue. This phenomenon appears under a surface submitted to a quasi punctual loading and initiates at an inclusion which is the most probable site for crack initiation. The direction of propagation is associated with the stress distribution resulting from a complex loading. To understand this phenomenon, we present : a bibliographical study to collect the different works related to stress concentration, crack initiation criteria and the stress distribution in the vicinity of a defect. An experimental study for the simulation of crack initiation under the three modes of loading. A finite element calculation from which we have derived new initiation criteria. We have shown that they best fit the experimental results by comparison with those given in the literature
Leroux, Julien. "Modélisation numérique du contact pour matériaux composites." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00961209.
Full textGévaudan, Alain. "Etude du séchage par contact de milieux granulaires agites." Lyon, INSA, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ISAL0072.
Full textAfter measuring the thermodynamical (desorption isotherms), physical (density, granulomety) and thermic (conductivity, specifics heat) properties of cassava mash as a function of temperature and humidity, we determined experimentally the drying kinetics of this product and of a model system (alumina particles) as a function of operation variables : plate temperature, initial moisture content and speed of agitation. Moreover, we studied the evolution of the degree of gelatinization of starch with those same operation variables. The coupled heat and mass transfer (drying kinetics mean bed temperature were interpreted by a model based on heat penetration theory. These result will be useful to optimize an industrial process for gari production
Abdillahi, Houssein. "Propriétes barrière et mécaniques d'agromatériaux thermoplastiques à base de farine de blé et de polyesters biosources et biodégradables." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014INPT0027.
Full textFrom basic and essential to unnecessary and optional consumer products, packaging, particularly plastic, is today an indispensable part of our daily life. Its extensive use in the food industry for a single use and for a short shelf-life encourages us today to move towards new renewable and biodegradable materials with similar characteristics than their counterparts from fossil resources. Biopolymers and biopolyesters blends can be a good alternative. Within the framework of this present work, wheat flour, thermoplasticised by glycerol and water, and biobased and biodegradable polyesters such as PLA and/or PHB, were blended using an industrial twin screw extruder and were injection-molded into thermoplastic materials. Thermal, dynamic thermomechanical, morphological, mechanical and barriers properties of these new materials were studied. Citric acid was used as a compatibilizer to improve the interface starch/PLA. The different investigations have allowed us to develop various types of formulations, with mechanical characteristics and barrier properties to water vapor, very attractive for manufacturing plastic food packaging which can be used for meats or cheeses. Food contact suitability and biodegradability of thermoplasticised wheat flour/polyester materials have also studied
Flamand, Louis. "Fonctionnement du contact élastodynamique rugueux." Lyon, INSA, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ISAL0029.
Full textKlíma, Ladislav. "Chauffage des matériaux par micro-ondes." La Rochelle, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LAROS166.
Full textThe DIC process consists in a high temperature, high pressure and short time treatment followed by an abrupt pressure-drop toward vacuum. This operation implies an auto-vaporization of water, inducing cooling effect and modifying structures. The steam, which has been used until now, does not penetrate easily into the material bulk. The heating by microwaves proves to be a good alternative, which results in a more homogenous temperature field. A DIC reactor with a treatment chamber of 0. 5 l and a magnetron power of 6 kW was developed. Power distribution was measured in Agar gel by using fibre optic temperature probes. Dielectric properties of several fruits and vegetable were measured by an open-ended probe. The resonant multi-mode cavity, which was at last realised, was simulated by means of 3D software Semcad for a frequency of 2450 MHz
Blond, Eric Henri. "Dégradation thermomécanique des réfractaires au contact de laitiers sidérurgiques." Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2003. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00370776.
Full textOmer, Elsa. "Identification des substances migrant depuis des vernis à base de polyester destinés au contact alimentaire." Thesis, Nantes, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NANT4086.
Full textPolymeric coatings, used to cover the inner surface of cans, can transfer substances into the conditioned food. This may include non-intentionally added substances (NIAS), generally unknown structures, principally formed during the synthesis of the coating. NIAS have a wide range of physical chemical properties, which poses an analytical challenge. In order to increase chemical food safety of packaging, it is now necessary to produce qualitative, quantitative and toxicological data. This work aimed to contribute to the risk assessment of NIAS from polyester coatings by developing an innovative analytical strategy dedicated to their identification. This strategy combines the acquisition of a fingerprint by LC-HRMS coupling with the construction of a database, which allows for the characterization of the signals of interest. The initial fingerprint was supplemented by additional data generated from different GC-MS coupling platforms. The migration of the identified NIAS was then characterised in food simulants (simple matrices) and in foodstuffs (complex matrices). Thanks to previously unavailable synthesised analytical standards, this work was able to generated semiquantitative values in real samples have been produced. Finally, all the data produced allowed a preliminary assessment of the risk associated with NIAS from polyester-type coatings
Geringer, Jean. "Fretting corrosion de matériaux utilisés comme implants orthopédiques." Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00489471.
Full textThis work aims at understanding hip total joint cemented prostheses degradation by fretting corrosion. 316L stainless steel degradation, the femoral stem is made of this alloy, according to fretting against polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), model component of bone cement, has been particularly investigated. The fretting study, in dry conditions, between stainless steel and PMMA, exhibits the PMMA wear volume measurements according to dissipated energy. This material is worn contrary to stainless steel that is not worn. Due to the PMMA transparency, debris production and transport have been described during fretting experiments. In Ringer solution, corrosive medium, stainless steel suffers significant degradation during fretting against PMMA and bone cement. During dissolution at free corrosion potential, protons reduction seems to be added to the oxygen reduction. 316L exhibits a particular ‘W' wear shape. A crevice effect assisted by fretting could explain this particular dissolution
Monnier, Arnaud. "Etude et simulation du soudage par résistance de matériaux de contact." Paris 11, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA112329.
Full textThis study is done in the frame of a CIFRE convention between Schneider Electric and the Laboratoire de Génie Electrique de Paris-SUPELEC. The goal is to understand the physical phenomena occurring during the resistance welding process of contact materials and the development of a numerical simulation of the process. An innovating welding device is developed. Experimental tests done with two rivets of copper allow to determine a weldability area. They also show that the dynamic contact resistance allow to follow the heating way in the pieces. Moreover the characterisation tests (ultrasonic images, shear tests, macrographies), that are supplementary, highlight other physical phenomena. The simulation done with the FEM software ANSYS takes into account the coupling between the mechanical, electrical and thermal phenomena. Two supplementary modellings are developed : a macroscopic modelling that takes into account the evolution of the global superficial resistivity versus the force and the temperature and a microscopic modelling that decouples the roughness and the superficial insulating impurities of the contact area. A comparison between the calculated and measured results shows a consistency of them. These modellings that are consistent with the experimental tests allow to extend the study for the welding of a rivet of aluminium with a rivet of copper and to study the influence of the frequency of the rectified current used during the welding
Loredo, Alexandre. "Réanalyse des structures : applications au contact élastique et aux matériaux incompressibles." Lyon 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO10051.
Full textHell, Julien. "Etude du phénomène de bullage du verre en contact des matériaux réfractaires." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021GRALI012.
Full textThe interactions between glass melts and refractories in glass industry have a large impact on the final glass quality. One of the consequences of these interactions is the blistering phenomenon within the glass melt. It has been shown by various authors that the blistering results from electrochemical reactions. However, the proposed mechanisms are based on assumptions that appear highly questionable. The objective of this study is to define the key parameters of the blistering process and to propose a mechanism for blistering of glass melts in contact with fused-cast zirconia-based refractories.Physico-chemical and electrical characterizations of the studied refractories were performed during this thesis. Apart from the standard tests, XANES experiments to determine the redox state of the refractories and impedance spectroscopy measurements as functions of temperature and oxygen partial pressure to estimate the partial ionic and electronic conductivities were carried out. The studied refractories being bi-phasic composite materials composed of crystallized zirconia and a vitreous phase, X-ray tomography measurements were used to reconstruct the distribution of the two phases to assess their possible percolation and tortuosity in three dimensions.Original set-ups were realized during this work for in-situ studies of the blistering phenomenon like permeation set-ups working at temperature up to 1500°C coupled to mass spectrometer to study the transport through the refractory and allowing the temporal study of the blistering process, and sessile drop set-up to estimate the lifetime of the bubble
Carbonell, Laure-Arminia. "Conductivité électrique et résistance de contact de matériaux composites Cu-Ni-graphite." Grenoble INPG, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990INPG0017.
Full textYemmas, Rachida. "Simulations numériques des matériaux granulaires." Montpellier 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON20197.
Full textArhab, Rachid. "Contribution a l’étude du contact piezoélectrique avec adhésion." Perpignan, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PERP1265.
Full textThe purpose of this work is the study of some problems in Contact Mechanics for electro-elastic and electro-viscoelastic constitutive laws. The con-tact is frictionless and modeled with normal compliance or with Signorini conditions in which the adhesion is taken in account. We present strong and weak formulations and give results of existence and uniqueness, as well as a convergence result. These results represent an extension of those achieved in the case of adhesive contact for purely elastic or viscoelastic materials. We also carry out the numerical approach of the problems by using a finite element scheme with an implicit time discretization. An extension of the augmented Lagrangean method (and that of penalty) is used to solve an incremental problem of minimizing with constraints resulting from the modeling of the fonctionless contact with adhesion. The non-linear vectorial equations for piezoelectric solids are linearized by using the generalized Newton method. Finally, a finite element in contact with adhesion "node to rigid" is included in the MODULEF code. The numerical algorithm is tested on simple cases to check the validity and the effeciency of the numerical implementation
Rezakhanlou, Rouzbeh. "Contribution à l'étude des mécanismes d'endommagement des matériaux revêtus en sollicitation de contact." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991INPL021N.
Full textMonerie, Yann. "Fissuration des matériaux composites : rôle de l'interface fibre-matrice." Aix-Marseille 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX22054.
Full textLeguy, Isabelle. "Evaluation de la toxicité des emballages plastiques destinés au contact avec les aliments à l'aide de migrats d'emballage obtenus à partir de liquides simulateurs." Dijon, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997DIJOS010.
Full textTarraf, Raafat. "Analyse du contact piézoélectrique avec adhésion ou endommagement." Perpignan, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PERP1274.
Full textThis manuscript is devoted to the study of some contact problems for electro-elastic and electro-viscoelastic materials with adhesion or damage. It is structured in four parts. The first one provides the background in Mathematics and Mechanics needed in the rest of the manuscript. The second part is devoted to the study of a frictional electro-viscoelastic contact problem with damage; the process is quasistatic and the contact is modeled with normal compliance; for this problem we prove an existence and uniqueness result for the weak solution. The third part deals with the study of two electro-elastic frictionless contact problems with adhesion, modeled with normal compliance and Signorini's conditions, respectively; for these problems we prove the existence of a unique weak solution, then we show that the solution of the contact problem with normal compliance converges to the solution of the contact problem with Signorini's condition, as the stiffness coefficient of the foundation converges to infinity. In the fourth part of the manuscript we study a dynamic frictionless contact problem for electro-viscoelastic materials; we prove an existence and uniqueness result, then we consider a discrete scheme, derive error estimates and describe a numerical algorithm; finally, we present numerical simulation which prove the efficiency of the numerical method we consider
Demianenko, Pavlo. "Développement de matériaux polymères à haute perméabilité d’oxygène." Thesis, Le Mans, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LEMA1008/document.
Full textTo design a material for contact lens application, the candidate materials must satisfy several requirements, including theoptical transparency, the chemical and thermal stability. In addition, since the material is directly in contact with the eyetissue, it should be tear wettable, biocompatible, biofouling resistant and oxygen permeable. Oxygen permeability (Dk) isan important parameter for the contact lens design as it is representative of the lens ability to diffuse oxygen at the eye.In this context, we are following two ways for a new formulation answering to these constrains. First, this research is focusedon the simultaneous or two-step synthesis of IPNs (interpenetrating polymer network) as a means to obtain a cocontinuousphases structure. Among the available biocompatible monomers, the work was initially focused on the achievement of IPN's based on a fluorinated acrylate - TFEM (2,2,2-trifluoroethyl methacrylate) and the 1 -vinyl-2 -pyrrolidone (NVP). Such a system is compared to IPN's based on a siloxane monomer - TRIS (3 - [tris (trimethylsiloxy) silyl] propyl methacrylate]), well known in the field of contact lens thanks to its properties of oxygen transport. These systems are chosen as a reference. In a second part, our research was concentrated on the development of IPN based on alginate and polyacrylamide which have demonstrated attractive properties for biomedical applications, especially their mechanical properties. Several formulations of biocompatible hydrogels were prepared and the influence of their composition on the interest properties is described. These hydrogels are characterized from a chemical point of view by FTIR spectroscopy and GC-MS chromatography, from themorphological point of view by SEM microscopy in order to prove the presence of co-continuous phases. The mechanicalproperties were also investigated. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to determine and quantify theabsorbed water in its various thermodynamic states. The oxygen permeability was measured by polarographicelectrochemical method and relations between this parameter and gel swelling and structural properties discussed. Anotherpart of the project is computational simulation of hydrogel systems and its physico-chemical properties. Especially, wewere focused on modeling of various physic-chemical processes in hydrogels such as their swelling in water anddiffusion of gases molecules. We used molecular dynamics method (MD) with the COMPASS force field to be able tomodel polymer systems widely used in contact lens field
Papillon, Anthony. "Frittage de composites Cu-Cr pour l'élaboration de matériaux de contact d'ampoules à vide." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAI099.
Full textCu-Cr composites are commonly used as contact materials for medium voltage circuit breakers vacuum bottles. Solid state sintering process of Cu-Cr composites is widespread but has been relatively little studied. Optimizing the process requires understanding the sintering mechanisms. This study was focused on two important aspects of sintering: the redox reactions associated to oxides on the powder surface and the competition between densification and swelling mechanisms during sintering.The redox reactions were studied by thermogravimetric analysis coupled to various spectroscopic techniques, first on isolated Cu and Cr, then on Cu-Cr composites. Interfaces analyses obtained by FIB clarified the location of the oxide inside the sintered materials. Oxygen transfer takes place between copper and chromium powders. This phenomenon strongly depends on the reducing character of the sintering atmosphere.Densification was analyzed by dilatometry on Cu, Cr and Cu-Cr composites. This analysis was supported by microstructural observations, including X-ray tomography .The effect of process parameters (atmosphere, heating rate, powders ...) was studied. The results show the relationship between sintering and copper oxide reduction. The swelling phenomenon of copper compacts is explained by high temperature degassing of copper during pore closure. This swelling does not occur in Cu-Cr composites as chromium delays pore closing and entraps the gases released by copper. Sintering atmosphere, chromium morphology and chromium particle size affect densification. Vacuum sintering reduces porosity. Chromium particles with spherical shape limit its inhibiting effect on densification. For small particle sizes, chromium participates to densification, leading to better densification of the material. These results open the route for optimizing the sintering of Cu-Cr composites.Cu-Cr composites were tested for short circuit performance in vacuum interrupters. The result of these tests showed the importance of reducing the chromium oxide amount. The effect of impurities commonly encountered on the powders copper and chromium powders was also determined
Mercier, David. "Lois de comportement des matériaux utilisés dans les contacts électriques pour application " flip chip "." Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENI083/document.
Full textIn the field of « 3D » microelectronic integration, a wafer level technology using flip chip stacking and based on a microinsertion process has been developed recently. This technology is mainly based on the contact realized by thermocompression between a network of microinserts made of Nickel ECD, with connections pads in Al(Cu). In this work, a scenario describing the contact establishment between a unique rough microinsert of Nickel and a smooth thin Aluminum film taking into account the presence of native Alumina at the contact interface, is developed for a range of pressures from MPa to GPa. The analysis of the metal-oxide-metal contact is essentially based on the fracture of the native oxide followd by the metal extrusion through cracks, and requires the knowledge of the behaviour laws of materials, obtained from instrumented nanoindentation tests coupled with numerical modeling. Finally, the measure of the electrical contact resistance evolution in function of applied load, with specific pioneering experimental setup, showcases the mechanisms driving the formation of metallic contact during the microinsertion process
Ouafik, Youssef. "Contribution à l'étude mathématique et numérique des structures piézoélectriques en contact." Phd thesis, Université de Perpignan, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00192884.
Full textBergonnier, Sandra. "Relation entre microstructure et propriétés mécaniques de matériaux enchevêtrés." Paris 6, 2005. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00136408.
Full textSimonnet, Johan. "Sonde acoustique à champ proche pour la mesure locale des propriétés élastiques des matériaux." Montpellier 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON20105.
Full textWe present a new acoustic technique of evaluation of the elastic properties (Young modulus) of a medium. The method is based on the mechanical contact between a sonotrode, finished by a sphere, and the analyzed medium. The vibration frequency values of the resonating sensor depend on the local mechanical properties of the sample. We propose an analytical formulation of the interaction point-object in order to connect the mechanical properties of the sample with the peaks of resonance of the sonotrode. We tested the performances of our sensor on materials belonging to a large interval of Young modulus. Then, we deduced an empirical relation connecting the Young modulus with the resonance frequencies of the tip. Our study includes a research on the depth of investigation with analyses carried out on thin layers. Our near-field technology shows the possibility of promising prospects in the local characterization for materials in imagery and biology
Klonowski, Thomas. "Etude de la coupure de fortes intensités sous une tension continue de 42 Volts." Paris 11, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA112330.
Full textThe increase of the number of electric or electronic devices in cars and the growing interest in hybrid vehicles (thermal + electrical motorization) in order to reduce the fuel consumption and to protect the environment will lead to a great increase of the electrical power on board in the near future. To increase the available power, manufacturers will rise the voltage to at least 42 V (regarding the alternator) in order to reduce the wire sections, the volume of electrical equipment and to prevent an increase of the weight of the vehicles. To implant the hybrid motorization for which the consumed power will be around 40 kW, the manufacturers will not stop at the present value of 42 V but will soon ask for more. In these voltage conditions, new problems will appear, concerning for instance the high current switching : opening or closing and protection of high intensity electrical circuits. Until now the voltage across the electrodes gap of the contacts reached a value of 14 V. In such conditions, the arc cannot last more than a few milliseconds, whereas for higher values of supply voltage, the arc duration may strongly increase. This thesis is about the study of the opening of contacts under DC voltage in the case of high intensity current (a few hundred amperes). It contributes to a better knowledge on the behaviour of the electric arc under 42 V and to quantify the erosion of the electric contacts
Benaouda, Mohamed Kheir-Eddine. "Existence de minimums pour matériaux de Saint-Venant Kirchhoff et contact unilatéral en grande déformation." Lille 1, 1996. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1996/50376-1996-115.pdf.
Full textVoisin, Jean-Marc. "Méthodologie pour l'étude de l'endommagement d'un contact tube-grille : Texte imprimé." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ECDL0049.
Full textBaghdadli, Tewfik. "Etude des propriétés structurales et électroniques de nouveaux matériaux à base d'alliages III-N pour l'optoélectronique." Thesis, Metz, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009METZ019S/document.
Full textThis thesis work concerns the electrical and optical characterization of new III-N nitride alloys for optoelectronics and the optimization of ohmic and Schottky contacts on these materials. The first part of this thesis was related to the realization of metallic contacts, particularly difficult for these high bandgap materials, by the optimization of the surface treatment, multi-layer metallization and thermal annealing. We developed annealing processes at relatively low temperature (between 200°C and 500°C) and studied the effect of the chemical treatment and annealing in order to find the optimal conditions for ohmic contacts. We obtained for instance Ti/Al contacts with an excellent ohmicity and used Pt to process Schottky functional diodes. The second part of this thesis was related to the study of the electronic and structural properties of the new BGaN alloy grown by MOVPE in our laboratory. The electric characterization showed for the first time a dramatic increase in the resistivity associated to the decrease of the free carriers’ concentration when the composition of boron in BGaN increases. The variation of the resistivity in BGaN with respect to the temperature was analyzed by using a theoretical model which takes into account the free carriers’ interaction with impurities and phonons and the variation of resistivity with boron in BGaN was discussed in this framework and linked to a compensation phenomenon of the residual dopants. On the other hand a very interesting correlation was carried out between Raman and electrical results through the phonon-plasmon coupling
Hachani, Maha. "Amélioration de la modélisation de contact pour les procédés à faible zone de contact." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00682124.
Full textGibaud, Robin. "Application de la méthode des éléments discrets aux déformations finies inélastiques dans les multi-matériaux." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAI086/document.
Full textForming of multiphase materials involves complex mechanisms linked with therheology,morphology and topology of the phases.From a numerical point of view,modeling such phenomena by solving the partial differential equation (PDE) system accounting for thecontinuous behavior of the phases can be challenging.The description of the motion and the interaction of numerous discontinuities,associated with the phases,can be conceptually delicate and computationally costly.In this PhD,the discrete element method (DEM) is used to phenomenologically model finite inelastic strain inmulti-materials.This framework,natively suited for discrete phenomena,allows a flexible handling of morphological and topological changes.Ad hoc attractive-repulsive interaction laws are designed betweenfictitious particles,collectively rearranging to model irreversible strain in continuous media.The numerical behavior of a packing of particles can be tuned to mimic keyfeatures of isochoric perfect viscoplasticity:flow stress, strain rate sensitivity, volume conservation.The results for compression tests of simple bi-material configurations,simulated with the DEM,are compared to the finite element method (FEM) and show good agreement.The model is extended to cope with tensile loads.A method for the detection of contact and self-contact events of physicalobjects is proposed,based on a local approximation of the free surfaces.The potential of the general methodology is tested on complex mesostructuresobtained by X-ray tomography.The high temperature compression of a dense metallic composite is modeled.The co-deformation can be observed at the length scale of the phases.Two cases of ``porous'' material are considered.Firstly,the simulation of the compression and the tension of aluminum alloys with poresis investigated.These pores stem from the casting of the material,their closure and re-opening is modeled,including the potential coalescence occurring at large strain.Secondly,the compression of a metallic foam,with low relative density,is modeled.Typically used in energy absorption applications,the compression up to densification involves numerous interactions between thearms
Stanojlovic-Davidovic, Andréa. "Matériaux biodégradables à base d'amidon expansé renforcé de fibres naturellesApplication à l'emballage alimentaire." Toulon, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOUL0021.
Full textYee, Kin Choi Elsa. "Étude des arcs et leurs conséquences sur les matériaux de contact électrique de puissance pour des applications DC." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REN1S045/document.
Full textNowadays, we find many systems requiring the use of direct current in the automotive, aerospace, rail, or in solar panels. The opening and closing of the powered circuits (as relays, switches, etc.) inevitably generate an electric arc (temperature ~5000 K). This arc causes more or less significant damage to the contact materials, such as erosion, welding and increase the contact resistance, which can lead to malfunction of the equipment and impair the safety of people who use them. Facing the electric power demand of current devices, it is necessary to increase the voltage or the supply current. Currently, the voltage on board a car is 14VDC, it is planned to increase this to 42VDC voltage, to increase the power to deal with the increase of embedded electronics and electrical appliances. The interest to increase the voltage, especially for applications related to the automotive environment, keeps the current intensity therefore maintain a low cable diameter for greater power and allows not to add an additional weight to the car. However, the passage of a voltage of 14VDC to 42VDC greatly increases the damage caused to contact materials by electric arcs. There are different ways to decrease the arc duration, e.g. optimizing the mechanical device (change in opening speed of the contacts, double break), or the use of permanent magnets that generate a magnetic field and blow the arc out of the contact area, or changing the contact material (chemical composition, shape). The materials characterized in this study combine magnetic blowing and optimizing the chemical composition in order to find a good compromise to limit the damage caused by break and make arcs. Indeed, the action of the magnetic field can reduce the duration of the break arc (decrease by a factor 10) but unfortunately has no effect on the make arc. Hence, the need to modify the chemical composition of the material, including adding metal oxide (SnO2) to limit the make arcs damages
Cagnon, Thibaut. "Transferts dans les systèmes emballage/aliments : structuration à façon de matériaux multicouches pour l’emballage sous atmosphère modifiée des produits frais." Thesis, Montpellier, SupAgro, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012NSAM0022/document.
Full textDespite the growing importance of the modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) technology for fresh fruits and vegetable preservation, the adequacy of the packaging materials with the produce needs remains a problem. On one hand because the packaging development approaches are still based on empirical trial and error methods, and on the other hand, because of the non-adequate gas transfer properties (too restricted to cover the large game of gas transfer properties required) of the vast majority of conventional synthetic plastics currently used for fresh food packaging. In order to overcome these hindrances, the thesis work was split on two parts:-the establishment and the validation of a new approach based on reverse engineering aiming to identify the optimal (targeted) properties for optimal preservation of a selected produce;-the study of the various structuration processes at different scales to modulated the gas transfer properties of bio-sourced wheat gluten coated papers.The new reverse engineering approach for MAP conception consisted in 5 steps including the definition of the produce needs and the prediction of the optimal gas transfer properties of the packaging, and was validated through the conception of an active optimal packaging for strawberry preservation. The different structuration processes studied allowed production of a gluten based materials able to cover ranges of permselectivity and oxygen permeations going from 5 to 18 and 0.02x10-10 à 2x10-10 mol.Pa-1.m-2.s-2, which perfectly matched the needs of a representative selection of fresh produce. Be it for conventional coating techniques (thick layer) or innovative processes (layer-by-layer nano-structuring of gluten/montmorillionites layers), it was possible to modulate the transfer properties of coated papers by changing the refining degree of the support paper, the number of layer pairs (gluten/montmorillionites) deposited, or even by submitting such materials to a CO2 treatment.This new approach and the efficiency of the protein-based materials for covering the fresh fruits and vegetable needs open the way for conception of new optimal packaging for respiring produces
Jongsma, Jelmer Eelke. "Étude de structures adhésives de polymères en couches minces." Nantes, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NANT2013.
Full textThe work presented in this thesis has been created around an industrial development target: increase the internal pressure resistance of a metal food container with a peelable closure during sterilization processes. The critical part of the closure is the thermo-sealed zone of the aluminium membrane and the metal ring. The seal and peel medium is a thin layer (20 µm) of polypropylene and polyethylene. Improvements are proposed by geometrical changes in the sealing, membrane and closure. More fundamental research was done on the heterogeneity of the stress distributions in the sealed zone, adhesively bonded zone. For the elastic case, a qualitative homogeneity criterium for the shear stress distribution in the adhesively bonded zone was derived. Under the assumption of homogeneous stress distributions, global shear creep measurements at elevated temperatures on the sealed zone gave unsatisfactory results. Local deformation measurements at elevated temperatures were necessary but difficult because of the seal- width / thickness ratio of around hundred. The local deformation observations proved the heterogeneity of the deformation along the sealing. Two deformation mechanisms were observed. First, the shear deformation along the whole sealing, this deformation is likely to be heterogeneous. Second, a local deformation initiated by plastic deformation in the aluminium membrane. The second deformation mechanism has a local character and might create a failure in the sealing with a propagating character along the sealing. The heterogeneous or even local character of the observed deformations made quantitative analysis of the adhesive properties very difficult
Ho, Thu Huong. "Etude de matériaux conducteurs par couplages de mesures d'impédance électrochimique, de gravimétrie et d'angle de contact." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00831308.
Full textCharpenay, Romain. "Usure et endommagement de matériaux carbonés comme éléments de contact électrique pour pompe à carburant automobile." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00677115.
Full textDionne, Pierre-Olivier. "Étude expérimentale et comparative de l'érosion de contact entre un till et différents matériaux filtres grossiers." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/70263.
Full textContact erosion is an internal erosion process that can be found in embankment dams and dikes which can lead to failure. It is defined as the pullout and dragging of fines from a base material through an adjacent coarser material under seepage parallel to the interface. This study intends to understand and to identify the mechanisms that control contact erosion with a well-graded base soil (Romaine 3 till) combined with different filter materials. To study the erosion process, a new experimental setup has been developed. Also, in order to properly assess the mechanisms involved with a well-graded base soil, comparative tests have also been performed with poorly-graded base soils. It was found that the grading of the base material as an important impact on the initiation and progression of contact erosion as different mechanisms such as paving and clogging can develop to limit or even stop the erosion. With the experimental results of this study as well as those found in the literature, a model for contact erosion threshold evaluation is proposed. Additionally, an experimental approach is proposed in order to simplify the study of contact erosion for well-graded base soils. Finally, a conceptualization of the erosion process (initiation and evolution) depending on the grain size of both filter and base soils and on the hydraulic solicitation is proposed. The Romaine 3 till susceptibility to contact erosion is assessed with latter conceptualization.
Lalande, Jérôme. "Étude de matériaux de contact électrique Ag-SnO2 : frittage et rôle des additifs : microstructures et propriétés." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066205.
Full textChen, Zhaoxi. "Développement d'un contact haute-fréquence pour les antennes à résonance cyclotronique ionique d'ITER : validation mécanique et matériaux." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30339.
Full textIon Cyclotron Resonance Heating (ICRH) is one of the most important plasma heating methods in magnetically confined fusion experiments. In ITER, two ICRH antennas are designed to supply 20 MW of Radio-Frequency (RF) power at 40-55 MHz to heat the plasma. RF sliding contacts are used in the antennas to allow their remote handling assembly and to improve their maintainability, as well as to absorb the thermal expansion of the RF conductors during operations. One of the RF contacts is designed to be operated at 2.25 kA in steady-state (1200 s), with a current density of 4.8 kA/m. With such current levels, high heating occurs at the contact area which threatens the structural and material safety of the RF contacts and constrain their life time. In addition, before operation of the ITER ICRH antennas, all the in-vessel structures will be baked at 250°C during thousands of cumulated hours for outgassing. In CEA, R&D work on RF contact development has been carried out for 10 years. Recently, Ag-coated CuCrZr louvers RF contact prototype based on Multi-Contact LA-CUT commercial contact configuration was tested on TITAN test-bed. 1500 A, 1200 s steady-state operation was achieved. However, due to burn failure, the RF contact prototype couldn't reach 1200 s steady-state under 2 kA as expected. In order to improve the performances of the RF sliding contacts to match ITER requirements, failure mechanisms of RF contacts during RF operations were analyzed and possible materials or coated systems that can be used for RF sliding contacts compatible with the ITER environment have been studied in detail within this thesis work. The effects of material selection, cooling parameter and contact resistance on louvers temperature have been modelled and simulated through finite element methods. Moreover, functional coatings like Ag, Au, Rh and their alloys were manufactured by electroplating on 316L and CuCrZr, which are commonly used as base materials on tokamak. By mimicking the ITER baking conditions, the coated samples were thermal aged under vacuum at 250ºC for 500 h, after which the materials properties evolution such as hardness, grain size and adherence was characterized. In addition, the coating life time has been evaluated through cross-sectional diffusion characterizations.[...]
Castets, Aurore. "RMN de matériaux paramagnétiques : mesures et modélisation." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00664817.
Full textBergonnier, Sandra. "Relations entre microstructure et propriétés mécaniques de matériaux enchevêtrés." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00136408.
Full text- Une analyse du procédé de crêpage à partir de vidéos numériques permettant de déterminer localement les champs de taux de déformations au sein de la crêpeuse et de quantifier la cinématique d'une crêpeuse.
- Une analyse du produit fini : à partir de photos de produit texturé, un outil de détermination de l'anisotropie locale a été mis en place. Cette anisotropie est liée aux performances mécaniques du produit. Cette interaction a été mise en évidence expérimentalement et une modélisation du comportement mécanique élastique anisotrope du matériau étudié a été proposée.