Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Matériaux à changement de phase Microcapsulés'
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El, moustapha Bouha. "Formulation et étude d’un géopolymère accumulateur d’énergie thermique dans le cadre de l’éco-construction des bâtiments." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, HESAM, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023HESAE001.
Full textThe incorporation of microcapsulated phase change materials (MPCM) into cement-based materials or geopolymers is one of the effective technologies to meet the final energy demand. However, due to the high rate of environmental impacts associated with cement manufacturing, the use of geopolymers has attracted great interest from researchers due to their low environmental impact and superior mechanical and durability properties compared to clinker-based materials.On the other hand, the incorporation of MPCM in geopolymers induces negative effects on their mechanical and thermal performances, the use of the latter still requires in-depth investigations on their durability indicators (chloride diffuvisivity, porosity, permeability etc.). This thesis work is perfectly in line with this problematic, and deals with the effect of the combination of NASH (sodium alumina silicate hydrate) and CASH (calcium alumina silicate hydrate) gel to overcome the negative effects of MPCM incorporation on the performance of geopolymers based on blast furnace slag. To achieve this objective, twelve mortars were studied (three cement-based and nine geopolymer-based) by varying the percentage of metakaolin addition (0%, 10% and 20%) in geopolymer mortars, and the rate of MPCM incorporation (0%, 5% and 10%) in both types of mortars: geopolymer mortars (GPM) and cement mortars (CM).The first part of this study is devoted to the characterization of the microstructure, physical, mechanical and thermal properties of GPM and CM. The results obtained showed that the coexistence of NASH and CASH gel brought improvements in terms of mechanical properties and thermal conductivity compared to GPM-MPCM without metakaolin addition. Indeed, the addition of 10 and 20% metakaolin was sufficient to achieve this coexistence. With a concentration of MPCM up to 10% in the geopolymer mortars, the compressive strength was increased by about 21% and the thermal conductivity was increased by about 31%, leading to an improvement in the thermal capacity up to 1280 J/Kg.K.The second part of the work deals with the study of the effect of the incorporation of microcapsulated phase change materials on some durability indicators of GPM and CM. The results indicate that the incorporation of MPCM increases the total porosity, this induces an increase in the water absorption by capillarity and a decrease in the electrical resistivity of the GPM and CM. On the other hand, the inclusion of MPCM exerts an influence on the decrease of the pore connectivity and the increase of the tortuosity of the pore network on the one hand and the increase of the chloride ion binding capacity on the other hand. This led to the decrease of the chloride migration coefficient in the steady state. In addition, it should be noted that GPM have larger pore sizes than CM. This may be due to the drying protocol which is likely to induce desiccation and microcracks in the CASH gel. However, in the presence of these microcracks, the study revealed that the chemical reaction of the GPM controls the chloride ion transport mechanisms more than its porosity
Soupart-Caron, Adèle. "Stockage de chaleur dans les matériaux à changement de phase." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAI078/document.
Full textThis PhD thesis deals with the understanding of the heat transfer mechanisms and with the development of thermal energy storage system for the industrial waste heat recovery application. The use of Phase Change Materials (PCM) is attractive for its high storage density and its possibility to deliver heat at constant temperature. However, the PCM low thermal conductivity leads to develop heat transfer improvement methods, such as heat exchangers with increased heat transfer surface. The goal is to characterize the behavior of such heat exchangers An experimental study, where four several heat exchangers have been tested with different orientations (horizontal/vertical) and injection types (upward/downward), highlighted the impact of natural convection during the melting process and the volume contraction one during the solidification. These results have been validated through a 3D numerical model. A performance comparison method based on an energy calculation through an experimental mesh is proposed and enables to select a heat exchanger on criteria such as the storage density, the characteristic time and the cost. Three PCM, adapted to our application, have been tested at the intended temperature (100-200 °C) by integrating them into a storage system made of a stainless steel tube with aluminum circular fins. Their ability to resist to repeated cycles has been assessed and their behavior has been compared. The salts mixture, H105 (Tmelting = 122 °C), is not selected for the application because of it low storage density (≈ 56 kWh/m3) and its large melting area. The sebacic acid (Tmelting = 132 °C) has a repeatable behavior with cycles and a higher storage density (≈ 66 kWh/m3) and is appropriate as storage material. The sugar alcohol, erythritol (Tmelting = 118 °C), has good thermo-physical properties (128 kWh/m3) but the crystallization control is a key point to use it as a PCM
Rakotondrandisa, Aina. "Modélisation et simulation numérique de matériaux à changement de phase." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMR051/document.
Full textIn this thesis we develop a numerical simulation tool for computing two and three-dimensional liquid-solid phase-change systems involving natural convection. It consists of solving the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations with Boussinesq approximation for thermal effects combined with an enthalpy-porosity method for the phase-change modeling, using a finite elements method with mesh adaptivity. A single-domain approach is applied by solving the same set of equations over the whole domain. A Carman-Kozeny-type penalty term is added to the momentum equation to bring to zero the velocity in the solid phase through an artificial mushy region. Model equations are discretized using Galerkin triangular finite elements. Piecewise quadratic (P2) finite-elements are used for the velocity and piecewise linear (P1) for the pressure. The coupled system of equations is integrated in time using a second-order Gear scheme. Non-linearities are treated implicitly and the resulting discrete equations are solved using a Newton algorithm. The numerical method is implemented with the finite elements software FreeFem++ (www.freefem.org), available for all existing operating systems. The programs are written and distributed as an easy-to-use open-source toolbox, allowing the user to code new numerical algorithms for similar problems with phase-change. We present several validations, by simulating classical benchmark cases of increasing difficulty: natural convection of air, melting of a phase-change material, a melting-solidification cycle, a basal melting of a phase-change material, and finally, a water freezing case
Chahine, Rebecca. "Ingénierie aux échelles nanométriques de matériaux chalcogénures à changement de phase pour les mémoires à changement de phase du futur." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALY058.
Full textIn terms of performance, cost and functional speed, phase-change memories are playing a key role in data storage technologies. Leveraging the properties of some chalcogenide materials, phase-change materials (PCMs) present unique features, mainly: fast and reversible switching between amorphous and crystalline states with significant optical and electrical contrasts between the both states. However, for an improved performance, the elevated power consumption due to the high programming current must be reduced, and the crystallization temperature also has to be increased. In this context, we have developed new multilayer systems of [GeTe/C]n and [Ge2Sb2Te5/C]n. The aim is to obtain, in a controlled and reproducible manner, a thin layer of nanostructured PCM with dimensions less than 10 nm. The multilayers were produced by the magnetron sputtering deposition technique in a 200 mm industrial equipment with a multi-cathode chamber. The multilayers are amorphous after deposition. Ion beam techniques permitted to check periodicity and composition of the multilayers. The sheet resistance and reflectivity as a function of temperature were measured in situ. The crystallization temperature of PCM in the multilayer structure increases and is dependent on the thickness of the PCM layer and that of the carbon films. The kinetics and magnitude of the amorphous-crystal transition of PCM in the multilayers are also significantly affected. The impact of the multilayer structure on the crystallization of GeTe versus Ge2Sb2Te5 is then compared and discussed with respect to their crystallization mechanism. We show that the initially amorphous multilayer structure is retained even after PCM crystallization during an annealing that is identical to the one used for the manufacture of memory devices (300 °C for 15 min). Thus, it is possible to obtain nanocrystalline grains of PCM in amorphous C on the order of 4 nm vertically and 20-30 nm in the layer plane. These results are compared with the microstructure of C-doped GeTe and Ge2Sb2Te5 films. Finally, by using X-ray diffraction measurements in the laboratory and by in situ experiments at the SOLEIL synchrotron, we were able to follow the evolution of the structure of these multilayers during annealing. For example, we reported that a local percolation effect of the GeTe grains between the layers of C occurs above a certain temperature
Hyot, Bérangère. "Etude physique et théorique des matériaux à changement de phase pour disques optiques." Grenoble INPG, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001INPG0087.
Full textHariri, Ahmad. "Etude de commutateurs hyperfréquences bistables à base des matériaux à changement de phase (PCM)." Thesis, Limoges, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIMO0013/document.
Full textThe work presented in this manuscript focuses on the design, simulation and realization of new microwave switches structures based on the integration of thin layers of innovative functional materials such as phase change materials (PCM) and phase transition materials. (PTM). The operating principle of these components is based on the change of resistivity present by these materials. We exploited the reversible resistivity change of GeTe of phase change materials family between the two states: amorphous with high resistivity and crystalline with low resistivity to realize a new structure of SPST switch. Then, we have integrated this switch structure on a new structure of DPDT (Double Port Double Throw) switch matrix based on phase change materials for application in satellite payload. We have used the insulatingmetal transition presented by the vanadium dioxide (VO2) of phase transition materials family to realize a new two terminals simple switch structure on a very wide frequency band (100 MHz–220 GHz)
Figus, Christophe. "Changement de phase en milieu poreux : application à l'étude d'un évaporateur capillaire." Toulouse, INPT, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPT101H.
Full textLassabatère, Thierry. "Couplages hydro-mécaniques en milieu poreux non saturé, avec changement de phase : Application au retrait de dessication." Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 1994. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00523300.
Full textMaréchal, William. "Utilisation de méthodes inverses pour la caractérisation de matériaux à changement de phase (MCP)." Thesis, Pau, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PAUU3014/document.
Full textWith the development of intermittent sources of energy and the depletion of fossil fuels, the subject of energy storage is becoming an important topic. One of the studied options is tthe latent hermal storage using of phase change materials (PCM). One application for this type of energy storage is to improve the thermal insulation in buildings. To make the best use of these materials it is necessary to be able to predict their energy behavior. This requires a precise knowledge of their thermophysical properties, first of all of the specific enthalpy function of the material . Currently, it is often suggested to approximate the enthalpy by the direct integration of the thermograms obtained through calorimetry experiments (notion of "equivalent" calorific capacity). This approach is false because thermograms are only a time related representation of complex phenomena where thermal transfers arise in the cell of the calorimeter acting with the thermophysical properties. As a result, for example, the shape of thermograms depends on the heating rate and on the mass of the sample, which is not the case for the enthalpy of the PCM, which depends, at constant pressure, only on the temperature or on the concentration (for the solutions). We propose to compare the results given by a of a numerical direct model with experimental thermograms. The main objective in this thesis is then to use this direct model in an inverse method in order to identify the parameters of the equation of state, which enables us to calculate the specific enthalpy . First of all, the detail of an enthalpy model is presented, and then validated by comparison with experiments, allowing us to reconstruct the thermograms of pure substances or of salt solutions, of which the enthalpies are known. A study of the influence of the various parameters ( , , , .,..) on the shape of thermograms is also undertaken in order to deduce their sensibilities. A reduced model is then developed in order to reduce the calculating time of the direct model. This optimized model allows the use of inverse methods with acceptable durations. Several inverses algorithms are then presented: Levenberg-Marquardt, evolutionary and Simplex which has proved to be the fastest). We shall then apply this algorithm to identify, from calorimetric experiments, the enthalpy function of pure substances or of salt solutions. The results that we obtain show that it is possible to identify a function independent of the heating rate and of the mass, which validates the method. An analysis of the various sources of errors in the identification process and of their influences on the result allows us to estimate the quality of the enthalpy function that we identify
Trigui, Abdelwaheb. "Analyse du transfert de chaleur dans les matériaux composites à changement de phase (MCP)." Thesis, Paris Est, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PEST1040.
Full textPas de résumé en anglais
Le, Gall Nicolas. "Etude et optimisation de composants radiofréquences à base de matériaux à changement de phase." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Limoges, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LIMO0096.
Full textRadiofrequency devices are essential components in innovative telecommunication technologies. For example, RF switches allow electric signals to pass through different parts of a circuit. Different technologies of RF switches exist, like transistors, electromechanical relays or RF MEMS. The main benefit of the implementation of phase change materials is the development of miniaturized, bi-stable, low-loss components. These materials have recently been integrated in High Frequency circuits and have to be well studied and understood. This thesis also presents optimization and development of new devices, like reconfigurable capacitors. This thesis presents investigation and optimization of radiofrequency devices based on phase-change materials. First, RF switches based on phase-change materials are presented and compared to existing technologies. Then, fabrication process and switches geometry are optimized, before presenting reconfigurable capacitors. Those capacitors have been developed from RF switches. Eventually, first results on reliability are presented
Mathis, Damien. "Développement de nouveaux matériaux de haute inertie thermique à base de bois et matériaux à changement de phase biosourcés." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/33718.
Full textLes Matériaux à Changement de Phase (MCP), par stockage de chaleur latente, peuvent améliorer l’efficacité énergétique des bâtiments. En saison froide, ils peuvent emmagasiner de la chaleur durant le jour pour qu’elle soit relâchée durant la nuit, réduisant le besoin en chauffage. En saison chaude, ils peuvent permettre, moyennant une ventilation nocturne adaptée, de réduire la surchauffe des bâtiments. Afin d’optimiser le bénéfice énergétique, l’intégration de MCP doit être minutieusement réfléchie. Ce travail de thèse présente trois grands axes dédiés à l’étude de matériaux hybrides bois/MCP. Le premier axe traite de la mise en forme et de la caractérisation de panneaux décoratifs intérieurs de haute inertie thermique. Le second axe a pour objectif d’évaluer la performance de ces panneaux à l’aide de deux maisonnettes expérimentales instrumentées et placées sur le campus de l’Université LAVAL. Le troisième axe étudie l’imprégnation de la couche de surface d’une Lame de Plancher d’Ingénierie (LPI) avec des microcapsules de MCP. Dans le premier axe, des panneaux intérieurs décoratifs ont été mis en oeuvre. Ils sont constitués de MDF (Medium Density Fiberboard), HDF (High Density Fiberboard) et de différents MCP biosourcés. Les MCP ont été macroencapsulés dans des sachets de polyéthylène avant d’être placés dans les panneaux. Leur stockage de chaleur latente a été mesuré avec un débitmètre thermique selon la méthode Dynamic Heat Flux Meter Apparatus (DHFMA). Les panneaux stockent une chaleur latente maximale de 57.1 J/g, ce qui est comparable à des solutions existantes de panneaux embarquant des MCP. Leur comportement thermique a été comparé au comportement des MCP purs testés par DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimetry) et des différences significatives ont été observées. Le comportement hygromécanique des panneaux a été évalué et s’est révélé être une question d’importance en vue d’une d’industrialisation. Dans le deuxième axe, deux maisonnettes expérimentales en ossature légère de bois ont été conçues puis placées sur le campus de l’Université LAVAL. Une maisonnette a été équipée de panneaux en bois standards tandis que l’autre contenait les panneaux bois/MCP. Grâce à l’instrumentation embarquée, la performance insitu des panneaux formulés dans le premier axe a pu être étudiée. Les résultats montrent, en saison de chauffe, une réduction de la consommation en chauffage pour la maisonnette équipée de MCP. Cette réduction atteint un maximum de 41 % pour le mois de mai. Pour le confort d’été, les panneaux permettent généralement d’améliorer le confort thermique, en réduisant la surchauffe. Leur efficacité a cependant été révélée limitée par la solidification limitée du MCP pendant la nuit. Malgré une ventilation importante, lors des nuits les plus chaudes, le matériau n’était pas en mesure de se solidifier. Dans le troisième axe, des couches de surface de Lames de Planchers d’Ingénierie (LPI) ont été imprégnés avec des microcapsules de MCP biosourcés. De l’eau distillée a été utilisée comme solvant. Deux essences de bois ont été choisies : le chêne rouge et l’érable à sucre. Le gain de masse thermique s’est révélé significatif pour le chêne rouge mais négligeable pour l’érable à sucre. Pour le chêne rouge, un bénéfice de masse thermique de 77% a été mesuré. Les microcapsules ont été observées dans le bois par microscopie réflective. Elles se sont révélées être principalement présentes, formant des amas, dans les larges vaisseaux du bois initial pour le chêne rouge. Des microcapsules étaient également présentes dans les vaisseaux de l’érable à sucre, en plus petite quantité. Des tests d’adhésion ont été menés sur des lames de planchers vernis et ces tests n’ont révélé aucune influence significative de l’imprégnation sur la tenue d’un vernis.
Phase Change Materials (PCMs) are able to store a high amount of latent heat, which can improve buildings energy efficiency. During the heating season, solar energy can be stored during the day to be released at night, reducing the heating needs. During summer, daily maximum peak temperature can be reduced. In order to maximize the energy benefits, PCMs have to be implemented carefully. This thesis presents three major axes of research about wood/PCMs hybrid materials. The first axis is about manufacturing and characterizing woodbased decorative panels of high thermal mass. The second axis aims to evaluate the performance of such panels with two instrumented wood-frame test huts placed on LAVAL University Campus. The third axis is about impregnating the lamella of Engineering Wood Flooring (EWF) with PCM microcapsules. For the first axis, interior wood-based decorative panels containing PCMs were manufactured. Medium Density Fiberboard (MDF), was used as the main component and High Density Fiberboard (HDF) was used for the inner side of the panel. Several bio-based PCMs were chosen to load the panels. A macroencapsulation of the PCMs was achieved using polyethylene bags. The latent heat storage of the panels was assessed with a thermal flow meter using a Dynamic Heat Flux Meter Apparatus (DHFMA) method. A maximum latent heat storage of 57.1 J/g has been measured, which is comparable to existing panels containing PCMs. Thermal behavior of pure PCMs has been assessed by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and then compared to the panels behavior. Significant differences have been revealed. Hygromechanical behavior of the panels has been evaluated, compared to a reference, and has been revealed of importance in case of industrialization. For the second axis, two experimental timber-frame test-huts have been implemented and were placed on the LAVAL University campus. One hut was equipped with standard wood panels whereas the other one was equipped with wood-based panels containing PCMs such as manufactured in the first axis. The in-situ performance of the panels was assessed over several seasons. In winter, the panels induced a reduction of the heating consumption. This reduction reached a maximum of 41% in May. During summer, the panels are generally able to reduce the daily peak temperature. However, their performance was found limited by the solidification of the PCM, which was hard to achieve during hottest nights. For the third axis, lamellas of Engineered Wood Flooring (EWF) have been impregnated with bio-based PCM microcapsules, using water as a solvent. Two wood species were chosen: red oak and sugar. A significant thermal mass enhancement of 77% was measured for the red oak. Impregnation of sugar maple was found harder to achieve and thus its thermal mass enhancement was lower. Reflective microscopy allowed to observe the microcapsules filling red oak initial wood big vessels, forming aggregates. Some microcapsules were also observed in the sugar maple vessels but in lower quantity. Red oak was varnished with a 100 % UV solid wood coating and submitted to pull-off adhesion tests. These tests did not reveal any significant effect of an impregnation on the varnish adherence.
Dauvergne, Jean-Luc. "Réduction et inversion de modèles de conduction thermique avec changement de phase." Bordeaux 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR13616.
Full textArnault, Axel. "Simulation et optimisation de l'intégration de matériaux à changement de phase dans une zone thermique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28549/28549.pdf.
Full textSari-Bey, Sana. "Mise au point de nouveaux matériaux à changement de phase pour optimiser les transferts énergétiques." Thesis, Paris Est, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PEST1158.
Full textResearch in the field of innovative materials with improved energy efficiency have a major environmental issue. One way to save energy is storage. The use of phase change materials (PCM) is a solution for absorbing, storing and releasing large amounts of energy. This study focuses on the experimental study of the thermophysical properties and phase changes of polymer matrix composite materials containing microencapsulated PCM and the optimization of their thermophysical properties. Composite containing different mass fractions of paraffin microcapsules were first characterized. To improve heat transfer, paraffin microcapsules metallized with silver were then used. A new set of samples was elaborated. In the composite the selected polymer matrix is polycaprolactone (PCL), this polymer has a particularly low melting point (53°C), which allows to mix the microcapsules without damaging them. The polymer/microcapsules mixtures were prepared using a blender, they were then pressed to obtain plates of composites. The homogeneity of the samples was verified by scanning electron microscopy observations and density measurements. The phase change material used is a mixture of paraffins having a phase change temperature of 26°C, in microencapsulated highly crosslinked PMMA, and marketed by BASF under the trade name of Micronal®DS 5001 X. PCL has a melting temperature lower than the softening temperature of PMMA. One objective of this study was to obtain a material that remains solid even when the paraffin melts. Microencapsulation has avoided that the paraffin in the sample diffuses out during successive cycles, it also avoids convection when paraffin is liquid. On the other hand, another goal was to see if metallization of the particles allowed to improve the thermal properties by significantly increasing the thermal conductivity and diffusivity. DSC was used to determine the temperatures and enthalpies of the phase changes and the materials Cp between -20 and 40 ° C. An experimental technique, developed in the laboratory (DICO), can simultaneously measure the thermal conductivity (λ) and thermal diffusivity (a) at room temperature. A recent development of this system now allows to make measurements in ramp between -15°C and 180°C. The measures of the change in thermal conductivity and diffusivity as a function of temperature have been carried out by heating and cooling. Phase changes observed in DSC are found on the evolution of thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity plotted as a function temperature. It also shows the impact on these properties of solid or liquid state of the paraffin contained in the microcapsules. Finally the evolution of the volumetric heat capacity was calculated from the results obtained with DICO (Cp=λ/a) and compared with the evolution of the specific heat capacity measured by DSC. Globally, heat transfer was improved for composites containing silver but their storage capacity is lower than for the composites containing only Micronal®
Adjali, Mohamed Hicham. "Etude d'une méthode de détermination de la conductivité thermique de matériaux au cours d'un changement de phase." Lyon, INSA, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ISAL0017.
Full textThe capabilities of the thermal probe for determining the thermal conductivity have been studied in phase change materials. A numerical modeling in ID cylindrical coordinates has been performed in order to predict thermal behaviour of the probe-material system. Lt takes into account the important variation of specific heat. An enthalpy formulation suppres the need of calculating the solid-liquid interface position. Faisability and limits of the method have been obtained from simulations. Lt needs evaluation of sensitivity coefficients for all parameters. Calculated and noised thermograms have allowed to develop a modified Gauss minimisation method wich removes instability and divergence caused by linear dependence of sensivity coefficients. An experimental set up has been carried out and water-agar gel conductivity has been determined
Ghezzi, Giada Eléonora. "Etude de matériaux pour mémoires à changement de phase : effets de dopage, de réduction de taille et d'interface." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00952979.
Full textRouault, Fabien. "Système intégré de rafraîchissement d’air pour le bâtiment à base de matériaux à changement de phase." Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENAM0009/document.
Full textAir-cooling systems using latent heat thermal energy storage (LHTES) are potential alternatives to air-conditioners for summer climate control in buildings. However, the performances of such systems are tightly linked to weather conditions and the configuration of the building to be cooled. The aim of this doctoral work is to develop a design support tool allowing optimally dimensioning an air-cooling system using phase change material at the preliminary design stage. A dynamic thermal model, simulating the behaviour an LHTES device exchanging with air, is developed and coupled with a building performance program. The LHTES and the co-simulation models are validated by comparison with experiments carried out on two prototypes of LHTES device and the experimental platform of zero energy building NAPEVOMO. Finally, a first design support tool using genetic algorithm is developed to define the optimal configuration of an air-cooling system for the summer comfort in « NAPEVOMO » house
Navarro, Gabriele. "Analyse de la fiabilité de mémoires à changement de phase embarquées basées sur des matériaux innovants." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01061792.
Full textRigal, Sacha. "Stockage par matériaux à changement de phase de l’énergie thermique rejetée par l’industrie à basse température." Thesis, Pau, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PAUU3003/document.
Full textA large amount of energy is rejected by the industry at low temperature level, below a temperature of 200 °C. In order to improve the overall energy efficiency of industrial processes, it is possible to re-use this waste heat. However, this energy recovery is often made difficult because of the time difference between the process step at which the energy is lost and the process step at which this energy could be reused. Combining high energy storage capabilities and a possible energy recovery at constant temperature, thermal storage solution by phase change materials (PCM) is particularly attractive. However, this storage systems implementation faces scientific and technologic obstacles concerning both the storage material and system but also its command system and its integration into industrial processes.This thesis aims to develop a thermal energy storage system using a solid-liquid PCM technology in two temperature ranges: 70-85 °C and 120-155 °C. The first one corresponds to temperatures of heating networks or domestic heating systems, while the second one could directly preheat existing industrial processes. The thesis aims to demonstrate the technical feasibility of the storage system. The purpose is divided into different tasks such as PCMs selection and characterization, PCM implementation in a storage system but also numerical simulation of the storage solution.PCM documented in the literature at those temperature ranges were characterized by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) in order to determine thermo physical properties on laboratory grade samples. Stearic acid for the 70-85 °C temperature range and sebacic acid for the 120-155 °C temperature range were selected. Deeper differential scanning calorimetry analyses were carried out on those industrial grade materials including material ageing process analyses and their compliance with their respective encapsulation within an experimental test bench.Thermal storage experimental prototype was designed in order to meet the demands simulating the rejects and needs of industrial processes. The test bench is mainly composed of two storage systems : a cylindrical tank, a multitubular exchanger and a thermoregulator used to simulate industrial process functioning. The PCM, while in the multitubular exchanger, fills up the whole volume of the shell whereas the heat transfer fluid flows in tubes. The tank, for its part, contains polyolefin spherical capsules in which the PCM is contained. The tank is crossed by the heat transfer fluid conducting heat exchanges. Those spherical capsules called nodules cannot be exposed to temperatures exceeding 100 °C and are exclusively reserved for the low temperatures range. Thus, stearic acid was confined in nodules so as to fill the storage tank. The sebacic acid was incorporated in the multitubular exchanger shell. Experimental campaigns carried out have demonstrated the feasibility of those storage types
Leon, Valdes Jehison Rafael. "Antennes agiles reconfigurables optiquement dans le domaine millimétrique avec l’intégration de matériaux à changement de phase." Thesis, Limoges, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIMO0066.
Full textThis thesis address the design and realization of optically reconfigurable antenna systems in the millimeter wave domain integrating phase change materials (PCM). The principle of agility is based on the changes in resistivity of PCM, which have the property of changing from an insulating (amorphous) to a conductive (crystalline) state in a reversible, repetitive and non-volatile (bistable) manner by the application of a thermal, electrical or optical external stimuli. We have designed and studied several frequency and polarization reconfigurable antennas operating around 30 GHz integrating GeTe as an agile element. Thus, we propose alternative solutions to conventional switching technologies for reconfigurability functions
Pech, Thibault. "Etude expérimentale et modélisation d'emballages de produits de santé utilisant des matériaux à changement de phase." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEI039/document.
Full textThermal packaging made from insulating materials and associated with phase change materials are a solution to the problem of preservation of temperature sensitive products throughout the distribution chain. However, optimizing configurations is challenging, given the number of parameters involved, and experimentally remains costly in time and resources. This is why a simplified numerical model was developed as part of this thesis. The thesis includes an experimental part on determining the permeability of packaging as well as observation of the temperature distribution within a packaging model, and a digital component. The experimental component made it possible to determine permeability coefficients of two types of packaging for different configurations, showing significant differences in the packaging considered. Air leaks are primarily due to the opening of the door, hence the importance of the type of seal used and the closure system. The body of the box, due to its manufacturing method, presents leaks, making impossible the possibility of a completely impermeable case. The observation of the temperatures within a package highlights some stratification of internal temperatures, which can be reduced by the presence of a sufficiently large volume of air to allow convection movements. A test with sunlight simulation allowed to observe the impact of the solar flux on the thermal behavior of the fund, while highlighting the effectiveness of phase change materials to absorb temperature changes. The developed model is based on a nodal method, associating with each node a wall thickness, which are solved for the associated heat balance equations. Treatment of the phase change is by a method called "equivalent heat capacity". The program was constructed to be able to simulate a large number of configuration by varying the arrangement of the elements and their nature. Simulating a number of these configurations enabled to determine the sensitivity of the system to various parameters. Thus it has been shown that the nature of the load (characterized by the values of conductivity, density and thermal capacity) is a parameter influencing the system, and therefore knowledge of the transported products is essential to the definition of an optimal configuration . Similarly, the nature of phase change materials, and in particular the melting temperature, has a significant importance on the system behavior. In contrast, the PCM introduction temperature has little influence as long as the material is fed in the proper phase corresponding to its application. The permeability of the packaging shows little impact on long-term results, but occasional startle temperature effects due to the rapid changes in external pressure can be observed locally
Mennai, Amine. "Conception et réalisation de commutateurs RF à base de matériaux à transition de phase (PTM) et à changement de phase (PCM)." Thesis, Limoges, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIMO0035/document.
Full textThis research work focuses on the design and realization of RF switches based on the integration of new materials such as vanadium dioxide (VO2), Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST) and GeTe chalcogenides alloys. The operating principle of these devices is based on the resistivity change presented by these materials. VO2 exhibits a Metal-Insulator transition (MIT) around 68°C for which the material changes from an insulating state (high resistivity) to a metallic one (low resistivity). The MIT transition can be triggered in different ways (thermally, electrically and optically) with low switching time. GST and GeTe alloys have the particularity to be reversibly switched between a high resistive-amorphous state to low resistive-crystalline state, under a specific heat treatment. Thanks to the non-volatile resistivity change presented by these materials, GST/GeTe-based switches are able to operate in bistable mode. The fabricated devices exhibit good electrical performances (insertion loss and isolation) over a broadband. The aim of our work is to propose an alternative solution to conventional technologies (semiconductors and RF-MEMS), to design RF switches that can be used afterward in the design of reconfigurable devices (filters, antennas)
Kodjo, Jérôme. "Modélisation multi échelle du comportement thermomécanique des bétons incluant des matériaux à changement de phase micro encapsulés." Thesis, Paris Est, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PESC2010/document.
Full textA promising way to enhance thermal inertia of buildings is the use of phase change materials (PCMs). Thanks to their high latent heat, PCMs can be used to store a significant amount of thermal energy in order to reduce energy consumption related to air conditioning. However, their use leads to a decrease in the mechanical strength of the obtained composites. During the last decades, the incorporation of PCMs in concrete has been of great interest leading to many experimental works. However, theoretical and numerical models to predict the behavior of such complex materials are not developed so far, due to the complexity of the phase change behavior, the scale separation and issues associated to the damage which is mainly induced by microcracking at the scale of microstructural heterogeneities. The objective of this thesis is precisely to develop numerical modeling tools to predict the effective thermomechanical behavior of the material with aim of structural calculations. For this purpose, numerical tools based on microstructures at the scale of microencapsulated PCM are developed to simulate heat transfer, mechanical response, cracks propagation as well as leakage of liquid PCM through cracks. After studying the effects of phase changes in the PCM on the effective mechanical response of the composites, a multi-scale approach (FE² method) is proposed to carry out structural calculations taking into account phenomena at micro scale. Thermo-physical experimental characterizations are carried out to show the usefulness of PCMs in building materials and to make comparisons with the developed homogenization tools. Finally, we propose a study to understand and evaluate the effects of PCMs in the degradation of the mechanical properties of these new materials
Younsi, Zohir. "Étude expérimentale et numérique du comportement thermique de matériaux à changement de phase : intégration dans un composant solaire passif pour l'habitat." Artois, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ARTO0208.
Full textThis work is related to the context of building with high energy efficiency, energy storage in general and thermophysical characterization of materials with phase change (PCM) in particular. The studied wall is a composite solar wall integrating a PCM. This last is conditioned in a parallelepipedic polyolefin envelope. Before integrating this material in this type of wall, a preliminary study and a thermophysical characterization of material was necessary, so, an experimental device was designed. The method of characterization is based on the measure of associated flow with temperature field. It allows getting the quantity of stocking and destocking heat by the material, the latent heat of fusion, the thermal heat-storage capacities and conductivities. The influence of overmelting of the MCP on the thermal destocking of the material has been illustrated. A computer code for the resolution of heat transfer problem with phase change was developed with enthalpy method in 1D and 2D. A thermal transfer simulation of the MCP27 was realized with the commercial code Fluent. Thus, information on heat exchanges on briquette wall, the kinetic of phase change and the position melting front were obtained. Afterwards, an experimental study on the solar wall integrating the PCM was carried out. The results obtained are promising. The use of the PCM permits to design a light envelope, easily incorporated, having a high storage capacity and a strong inertia
Lissner, Michael. "Utilisation des matériaux à changement de phase pour une gestion thermique optimale des modules de refroidissement moteur." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066063.
Full textIntegration of heat accumulator within engine cooling systems allows to optimize powertrain thermal management and to reduce vehicles consumption and pollutant emissions. Interest of such accumulators lies in their capacity to store and release energy within phase change materials (PCM) with powers in accordance with the automotive needs. Scientific problem concerns heat transfer enhancement, for a limited volume, in a phase change material. The use of compact heat exchangers filled with PCM and the optimization of fin design allow to maximize heat transfer thanks to extended heat transfer area with PCM. On the other hand, energy storage capacity is optimized by increasing PCM volume ratio. The problem is approached by two ways: theoretically, by the development of a numerical model of optimization, and experimentally, by the development of a test bench and several prototypes. The numerical model of heat accumulator, validated with test results, was used to run a parametric study to optimize the conception of the heat accumulator, in particular the fin design. Finally, integration of this new component within the cooling system in order to improve the warm-up of the powertrain has shown significant gains on the functioning time of engine during cold start, leading to reduced pollutant emissions
Ekomy, Ango Blaise. "Contribution au stockage d'énergie thermique en bâtiment : déveveloppement d'un système actif à matériaux à changement de phase." Paris, ENSAM, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ENAM0032.
Full textThe aim of our thesis work is to design size and manufacture an active system to phase change materials (PCM) for cooling and warming the house Napévomo located in Aquitaine, the latter participating in the Solar Decathlon competition (SDE2010). The approach proposed is intended to provide the reader with enough knowledge in thermal storage based on PCM to tockle the design of a cooling and heating system in passive building. The approach started by a state of the art of thermal storage systems based on PCM and determines the design requirements. These data leads us to developed a numerical model based on a static approach NUT-ε through the PCM characterization determine the main dimensioning elements of the system. The design is validated according to the energy loss of the system and it performance coefficient. The system has been manufactured in full size. It consists in four heat exchanger containing the PCM. Each heat exchanger is composed by exchanger a cluster of PCM. They are arranged in staggered rows on columns of tubes. A set of experimental devices has been made to observe the improvement of the heat exchange conductivity between the environment and the heat exchanger containing the PCM. The tests performed on one of the exchangers show encouraging results. Indeed, it enables to cool down in 7-8 hours and to regenerate the PCM during of 6 hours. At the Solar Decathlon (SDE2010), the developed system has proved to be efficient in cooling down the ambient air during the 6 days of the demonstration
David, Damien. "Etude expérimentale de la convection naturelle aux abords de parois contenant des matériaux à changement de phase." Lyon, INSA, 2010. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2010ISAL0114/these.pdf.
Full textWallboards containing phase change materials (PCM) can be used to improve the heat storage in lightweight buildings. This solution needs to be validated with building simulations, but the convection coefficient between PCM panels and air is not known. That’s why a study of the convection heat transfer near a PCM wallboard has been achieved during this PhD thesis. The work done during the thesis consisted in a theoretical study of the air / wall coupling during the transient regime, and an experimental study. The theoretical study showed that the heat capacity of building wallboards is too high to consider the transient effects in the boundary layer, such as the leading edge effect. A simple model, based on the Von-Karmann Pohlhausen method, has been developed in order to predict the temperature profiles on a wall with a constant heat flux, in a linearly stratified media. The experimental setup is designed to impose a ramp to the ambient temperature. The back face of the test panel is thermally insulated. The setup has been designed from one insulated 2:4m_2:4m_2:4m box. 72 thermocouples are used to determine temperatures and heat fluxes at the surface of the test panel and in the ambient media. The heat flux values obtained with heat flux meters have shown high measurement errors. That’s why an inverse model has been developed to predict the value of the heat flux leaving homogeneous and PCM panels
Lopez, Jérôme. "Nouveaux matériaux graphite/sel pour le stockage d'énergie à haute température : étude des propriétés de changement de phase." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00276277.
Full text1) Il apporte une base de données importante (propriétés de changement de phase solide-liquide) sur six sels et les composites correspondants grâce à l'analyse calorimétrique effectuée.
2) Des modélisations rigoureuses de la fusion de sels en milieu confiné dans plusieurs géométries ont été proposées pour comprendre pourquoi lors de la première fusion des composites mis en forme par compression, des problèmes de fuite de sel ont été observés. Ces modèles montrent que la morphologie de ces matériaux sont à l'origine de ces phénomènes : la matrice de graphite contraint l'expansion volumique du sel lors de la fusion : le sel fond sous pression ce qui aboutit à une fusion sur une large gamme de température et à une perte de densité énergétique. L'analyse de sensibilité aux divers paramètres (géométriques et physiques) montre que le module de rigidité de la matrice est le paramètre sur lequel il faut agir lors de l'élaboration des matériaux pour estomper ce phénomène.
3) Enfin ce travail propose une formulation thermodynamique des phénomènes de surface/interface et de présence d'impuretés dissoutes pouvant aboutir à un abaissement de la température de fusion. Il semble que les avancements de fusion observés (~5°C) soient essentiellement dus à la présence d'impuretés dissoutes (apportées par le graphite) dans le liquide, un effet Gibbs-Thomson pouvant aussi s'ajouter (~1°C, lié à la taille des amas de cristaux).
Mondieig, Denise. "Vers la valorisation de nouveaux matériaux à changement de phase : les alliages moléculaires MCPAM agents stockant de l'énergie." Bordeaux 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BOR10614.
Full textIanniciello, Lucia. "Etude du comportement thermique d'une batterie électrochimique thermorégulée par matériaux à changement de phase pour le véhicule électrique." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEM020/document.
Full textLi-ion battery thermal management is essential for electric vehicles (EVs), to ensure an optimal autonomy and lifespan of those batteries. Usually, air or coolant circuits are employed as thermal management systems. However, those systems are expensive in terms of investment and operating costs and must be dimensioned on the maximal power to be extracted. The use of phase change materials (PCMs) as latent heat storage medium allowing the absorption of the heat to be dissipated as latent heat may represent an alternative cheaper and easier to operate. In fact, PCMs can passively store the excess heat produced by a device and be used as passive systems. However, PCMs have several drawbacks like the difficulty to discharge the stored thermal load which limits the system’s cyclability or their low thermal conductivity which limits their heat transfer capacity. To solve the problem of the PCM regeneration, an additional active system can be added, dimensioned on a moderate power; the whole becomes a semi-passive system. In this study, a thermal management system composed of a PCM and forced air convection is evaluated. This system permits to combine the respective advantages of the two techniques. A model of the system is developed for one battery cell. A comparison with forced air convection only points out the usefulness of the PCM. To overcome the PCM low thermal conductivity, a highly conductive material can be added to the PCM permitting to obtain a composite with a higher thermal conductivity. Composites based on the PCMs studied and carbon nanostructures are elaborated, and their thermal conductivity is measured. Then, an experimental system permitting to simulate the dissipation of a battery cell is build and used to evaluate the PCM alone, the PCM embedded in metal foam and the better obtained composite. Finally, to be closer to the real conditions, a model representing an entire battery stack is developed, simulations are produced and the obtained results are discussed
Kousksou, Tarik. "Etude de l'écoulement et du transfert de chaleur dans un milieu poreux avec changement de phase. : Application au stockage du froid." Pau, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PAUU3002.
Full textThe objective of this work is the study of an industrial process of energy storage which consists in the use of a cylindrical tank filled with encapsulated phase materials (PCM). A particularity is met in this kind of processes; it concerns the delay of the crystallization of the PCM, called supercooling phenomenon. A detailed analysis of the system permitted the development of the two-dimensional porous-medium model, which was made with two different approaches: quasistationary approximation and enthalpic formulation. First the numerical model has been compared with experimental results for the tank in vertical position; Then, the code was used to study the thermal behaviour of the tank in horizontal position. We found that the optimum running of the charge mode is obtained in the case of the vertical position where the motions due to the natural convection are in the same direction as the forced convection
Berthou, Yannick. "Étude de parois de bâtiments passifs associant un Matériau à Changement de Phase (MCP) et une super isolation transparents." Paris, ENMP, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ENMP0109.
Full textTo reduce the environmental impact of buildings, it is a priority to develop new strategies concerning the insulation and the exploitation of the renewable energies. Xithin this context appeared the odea to design, to implement an to study a new generation of semi-transparent solar wall associating a super-insulating layer (silica aerogel) and a layer of a material ermitting the absorption, the storage and the restituion of heat (Phase Change Material). This wall was experimentally characterized in controlled atmosphere and in situ on a full-size building. Its qualities in terms of heat insulation and contribution to the energy balance and daylight were revealed. A limit of use pCM-aerogel wall was noticed in summer and on a part of the inter seasons. The PCM aerogel wallwas developed and validated. This model, coupled withTRNSYS, a software for the dynamic simulation of thermal systems, allowed to study the behavior of the wall for four cliamtesand two types of building (a residential building : an "Incas" house of the ines at Chambéry, and a building in free evolution : the experimental test cell of the CEP at Sophia Antipolis. These studies confirmed the interest of he MCP-aerogel wall for the improvement of the energy performances of the building
Karim, Laurie. "Optimisation des transferts d'énergie thermique par l'utilisation du materiaux à changement de phase (MCP) : application aux bâtiments." Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA077018.
Full textThe current energetic issues lead us to find technical solutions for a sparing energy control and consumption. This research work embodies this approach by proposing an enhancement of thermal characteristics of buildings envelop. For this purpose, a new Phase Change Material is developed to increase the thermal inertia of buildings. Consequently, the HVAC consumption is drastically decreasing while thermal comfort for occupants is improved. A new shape stabilized PCM component is optimized to be appropriated for a building application. Many PCM compositions are tested to evaluate structural, thermal and mechanical properties. The PCM that represents the best compromise between the two last properties is chosen for an integration into floor panels. Two methods of incorporation are tested : direct integration into hollow floor panels and diffuse integration into the concrete of floor slab. Floor prototypes are made and tested under diverse thermal solicitations. At the same time, numerical studies corne to the conclusion that the thermal mode) for PCM behavior is valid. Finally, simulations forecast the impact of PCM integrated solutions by giving the comfort gains and energy savings for an office room during ar heatwave
Camassel, Bruno. "Contribution à l'étude du changement de phase liquide-vapeur en milieu poreux." Toulouse 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU30157.
Full textAumporn, Orawan. "Contribution à l'étude des performances d'un séchoir serre avec stockage de chaleur dans des matériaux à changement de phase." Thesis, Perpignan, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PERP0032/document.
Full textThis work is about a numerical study of the thermal behavior of a solar greenhouse dryer and a heat storage unit in phase change materials (PCMs). The heat storage unit containing of PCMs (paraffin) is disposed between a metal plate and a concrete layer and placed under the floor of the greenhouse. The air drying flows along the greenhouse by forced convection and the products placed on the dryer's rack is bananas (Bananas Musa ABB CV Kluai "Namwa"). The heat transfer equations in the greenhouse are based on the nodal method and deduced from a thermal balance on the different components of the solar greenhouse dryer. The heat transfers in the PCMs and the concrete slab are described by the enthalpy method and the conduction equation, respectively. The banana drying kinetic is described by the model modified of Oswin. Transfer equations are solved using an implicit finite difference method associated to Gauss and Thomas algorithms. We analyze the effects of the air drying volumetric flow rate and the solar irradiance on the temperature distribution of the greenhouse dryer and the heat storage unit, the drying time, the solar greenhouse dryer and heat storage unit efficiencies. This modeling is complemented by simulations of the solar greenhouse dryer with the heat storage unit using the day type and the meteorological data of Nakorn Pathom (Thailand) and by an economic analysis. The results show that the heat storage unit provides the reduction of the drying time and increases the thermal performances of the solar greenhouse dryer and the heat storage unit
Aoukar, Manuela. "Dépôt de matériaux à changement de phase par PE-MOCVD à injection liquide pulsée pour des applications mémoires PCRAM." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAT075/document.
Full textPhase change random access memories PCRAM are based on the fast and reversible switch between the high resistive amorphous state and the low resistive crystalline state of a phase change material (PCM). These memories are considered to be one of the most promising candidates for the next generation of non volatile memories thanks to their unique set of features such as fast programming speed, multi-level storage capability, good endurance and high scalability. However, high power consumption during the RESET operation (IRESET) is the main challenge that PCRAM has to face in order to explode the non volatile memory market. In this context, it has been demonstrated that by integrating the phase change material (PCM) in high aspect ratio lithographic structures, the heating efficiency is improved leading to a reduced reset current. In order to fill such confined structures with the phase change material, a highly conformal deposition process is required. Therefore, a pulsed liquid injection Plasma Enhanced-Metal Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition process (PE-MOCVD) was developed in this work. First, amorphous and homogeneous GeTe films were deposited using the organometallic precursors TDMAGe and DIPTe as Ge and Te precursors. XPS measurements revealed a stoichiometric composition of GeTe but with high carbon contamination. Thus, one of the objectives of this work was to reduce the carbon contamination and to optimize the phase change properties of the deposited PCMs. The effect of deposition parameters such as plasma power, pressure and gas rate on the carbon contamination is then presented. By tuning and optimizing deposition parameters, GeTe films with carbon level as low at 2 at. % were obtained. Thereafter, homogeneous films of GeSbTe were deposited by injecting simultaneously the organometallic precursors TDMAGe, TDMASb and DiPTe in the plasma. A wide range of compositions was obtained by varying the injection and deposition operating parameters. Indeed, one of the main advantages of this process is the ability of varying films composition, which results in varying phase change characteristics of the deposited PCM. The impact of plasma parameters on the conformity of the process was also studied. It was shown that by adding a low frequency power component to the radio frequency power of the plasma, structures with high aspect ratio were successfully filled with the phase change material. Finally, electrical characterization of PCRAM test devices integrating phase change materials deposited by PE-MOCVD as active material have presented electrical properties similar to the ones obtained for materials deposited by conventional physical vapor deposition (PVD) process
Falcon, Bruno. "Etude expérimentale et modélisation d'une cuve de stockage du froid par utilisation de matériaux à changement de phase encapsulés." Pau, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PAUU3019.
Full textBastien, Jean-Claude. "Étude des matériaux à changement de phase pour application dans le domaine des PCRAM : verres infrarouges pour l'optique spatiale." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00688593.
Full textBastien, Jean-Claude. "Étude des matériaux à changement de phase pour application dans le domaine des PCRAM : verres infrarouges pour l'optique spatiale." Phd thesis, Rennes 1, 2011. https://ecm.univ-rennes1.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/b2212816-d7ab-4ecb-9a11-ff1040955c39.
Full textPhase Change Random Access Memories (PCRA) are recognized as very promising candidate for the next-generation nonvolatile memory because of their excellent operating speeds and endurance. However, two major problems must be solved to allow their breakthrough in the memory market, namely a low period of data retention at high temperatures and too large power consumption. In this thesis, several new phase change materials based on chalcogen elements were studied in order to address the market for embedded memories operating at high temperatures. GeTe material properties have been compared to that of the reference material Ge₂Sb₂Te₅ and the inuence of doping with nitrogen, carbon or boron in GeTe material was estimated. It has been observed a large improvement in thermal stability of the GeTe amorphous phase compared to that of Ge₂Sb₂Te₅, even more exacerbated by the doping. The process ow of a new stack is described and the impact of connement on energy consumption was assessed on the material Ge₂Sb₂Te₅ through an analysis by atomic force microscopy. An extension of the thesis work was done by focusing on the infrared chalcogenide glasses for optical space. It was found that the addition of silver iodide in glassy systems GeTe and GaGeTe improves their thermal stability and increases their infrared transmission windows
Bayle, Raphaël. "Simulation des mécanismes de changement de phase dans des mémoires PCM avec la méthode multi-champ de phase." Thesis, Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020IPPAX035.
Full textPhase change memories (PCM) exploit the variation of resistance of a small volume of phase change material: the binary information is coded through the amorphous or crystalline phase of the material. The phase change is induced by an electrical current, which heats the material by the Joule effect. Because of its fast and congruent crystallization, theGe2Sb2Te5 alloy is widely used for PCM. Nevertheless, to get a better reliability at high temperatures, which is required e.g. for automotive applications, STMicroelectronics uses a Ge-rich GeSbTe alloy. In this alloy, chemical segregation and appearance of a new crystalline phase occur during crystallization. The distribution of phases and alloy components are critical for the proper functioning of the memory cell; thus, predictive simulations would be extremely useful. Phase field models are used for tracking interfaces between areas occupied by different phases. In this work, a multi-phase field model allowing simulating the distribution of phases and species in Ge-rich GeSbTe has been developed. The parameters of the model have been determined using available data on this alloy. Two types of simulations have been carried out, firstly to describe crystallization during annealing of initially amorphous deposited thin layer; secondly to follow the evolution of phase distribution during memory operation using temperature fields that are typical for those operations. Comparisons between simulations and experiments show that they both exhibit the same features
Benzadi, Mohamed. "Contribution à l'étude numérique et expérimentale de changement de phase en milieu poreux saturé : généralisation de la formulation enthalpique." Cergy-Pontoise, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999CERG0064.
Full textMoumni, Ziad. "Sur la modélisation du changement de phase solide : application aux matériaux à mémoire de forme et à l'endommagement fragile partiel." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1995. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00529370.
Full textMint, brahim Maimouna. "Méthodes d'éléments finis pour le problème de changement de phase en milieux composites." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0157/document.
Full textIn this thesis we aim to develop a numerical tool that allow to solve the unsteady heatconduction problem in a composite media with a graphite foam matrix infiltrated witha phase change material such as salt, in the framework of latent heat thermal energystorage.In chapter 1, we start by explaining the model that we are studying which is separated in three sub-parts : a heat conduction problem in the foam, a phase change problem in the pores of the foam which are filled with salt and a contact resistance condition at the interface between both materials which results in a jump in the temperature field.In chapter 2, we study the steady heat conduction problem in a composite media withcontact resistance. This allow to focus on the main difficulty here which is the treatment of the thermal contact resistance at the interface between the carbon foam and the salt. Two Finite element methods are proposed in order to solve this problem : a finite element method based on Lagrange P1 and a hybrid dual finite element method using the lowest order Raviart-Thomas elements for the heat flux and P0 for the temperature. The numerical analysis of both methods is conducted and numerical examples are given to assert the analytic results. The work presented in this chapter has been published in the Journal of Scientific Computing [10].The phase change materials that we study here are mainly pure materials and as a consequence the change in phase occurs at a single point, the melting temperature. This introduces a jump in the liquid fraction and consequently in the enthalpy. This discontinuity represents an additional numerical difficulty that we propose to overcome by introducing a smoothing interval around the melting temperature. This is explained in chapter 3 where an analytical and numerical study shows that the error on the temperature behaves like " outside of the mushy zone, where _ is the width of the smoothing interval. However, inside the error behaves like p " and we prove that this estimation is optimal due to the energy trapped in the mushy zone. This chapter has been published in Communications in Mathematical Sciences [58].The next step is to determine a suitable time discretization scheme that allow to handle the non-linearity introduced by the phase change. For this purpose we present in chapter 4 four of the most used numerical schemes to solve the non-linear phase change problem : the update source method, the enthalpy linearization method, the apparent heat capacity method and the Chernoff method. Various numerical tests are conducted in order to test and compare these methods for various types of problems. Results show that the enthalpy linearization is the most accurate at each time step while the apparent heat capacity gives better results after a given time. This indicates that if we are interestedin the transitory states the first scheme is the best choice. However, if we are interested in the asymptotic thermal behavior of the material the second scheme is better. Results also show that the Chernoff scheme is the fastest in term of calculation time and gives comparable results to the one given by the first two methods.Finally, in chapter 5 we use the Chernoff method combined with the hybrid-dual finiteelement method with P0 and the lowest order Raviart-Thomas elements to solve thenon-linear heat conduction problem in a realistic composite media with a phase change material. Numerical simulations are realised using 2D-cuts of X-ray images of two real graphite matrix foams infiltrated with a salt. The aim of these simulations is to determine if the studied composite materials could be assimilated to an equivalent homogeneous phase change material with equivalent thermo-physical properties. For all simulationsconducted in this work we used the free finite element software FreeFem++ [41]
Le, Bray Yves. "Contributions à l'étude du changement de phase liquide-vapeur en milieux poreux : simulations numériques sur réseaux de pores." Toulouse, INPT, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPT025H.
Full textWu, Jing. "Modélisation dynamique d’un système couplé pompe à chaleur – stockage thermique par matériaux à changement de phase : approche systémique et validation expérimentale." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10167/document.
Full textIn the area of buildings refrigeration, the use of thermal energy storage coupled with heat pump is a significant way for reducing the operating costs and optimizing the design of equipment. A prototype of refrigeration-PCM (Phase Change Material) energy storage system is built and implemented within the framework of the project ACLIRSYS (Advanced Control for Low Inertia Refrigeration Systems), funded by the French National Research Agency. The objective of my PhD thesis is to propose a dynamical physical model for the complete system. Within the evaporator and condenser of the heat pump, the refrigerant can be liquid, vapor or mixture of both, while the storage media can be solid, liquid or a mixture of both. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the discrete events associated to phase changes in order to solve the energy and mass balances in different configurations. In this work, static models are used for the compressor and the expansion valve of the heat pump. The heat exchangers of the heat pump and the storage models are based on a representation of the fluid flows by a cascade of Continuous Stirred Tank Reactors (CSTRs). In order to assure the continuity of system evolution, the switching mechanism between different configurations is established. This switching is performed by matrix operations, which permit to achieve a global and very compact representation of the system. The thermodynamic properties of the refrigerant and their partial derivatives are analytically determined by using an equation of state. Two versions of the model for the storage are proposed. A simplified version where the supercooling is assumed to take place at a constant temperature and a more detailed version based on the population balance equations. Experimental data from the prototype has been used to validate the developed model. Experiments in transient states were performed by varying the operating conditions. These date relate to the functioning of the heat pump alone, the storage alone and the coupled system. A very good agreement between the numerical results and experimental data was obtained
Bykalyuk, Anna. "Contribution à l'étude des échanges convectifs à l'interface fluide paroi en présence de matériaux à changement de phase : Application au bâtiment." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ISAL0132/document.
Full textRecent experimental studies have shown that the usual values of the convective heat transfer coefficient h are no longer valid in the presence of phase change materials. Three separate models were developed. Initially a model 1 which treats the fluid-wall (constant temperature) interaction in steady laminar flow has been developed and validated. Then, the wall with heat capacity (model 2) subjected to an air temperature ramp were studied. Finally, a third model (3) has been developed which treats the interaction fluid-wall which contains a phase change material. The results show local peaks of heat flow over time. This fact reflects the phase change inside the wall. Moreover, the curves of the convective heat transfer coefficient indicate the dependence of the coefficient h to the wall’s energy storage capacity. Therefore, the presence of the phase change materials within a wall effect and changes the shape of the thermal boundary layer
Ben, Abdallah Ronia. "Intégration des matériaux à changement de phase dans les meubles frigorifiques de vente pour améliorer leur effcicacité énergétique et leur flexiblité." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS021.
Full textIt is admitted that the integration of phase change material (PCM) in refrigeration systems has the potential to increase their flexibility, to stabilize product temperatures and in some cases to reduce their energy consumption. This study is about the impact of PCM used in a display cabinet. Two experimental set-ups are presented: the first one is an open display cabinet and the second one a closed display cabinet. A numerical model has been also developed and used to check the feasibility of PCM integration and evaluate its impact on the display cabinet. In addition, a parametric study have been carried out to highlight the importance of a display cabinet optimization after the insertion of PCM. Besides, PCM application in supermarket scenarios are discussed. The main results show the feasibility of PCM insertion, a significant increase of its thermal inertia, and the possibility to keep the compressor off during a few hours without temperature abuse for the products
Gourvest, Emmanuel. "Développement et élaboration par MOCVD de matériaux à changement de phase à base d'alliages GeTe : applications aux mémoires embarquées pour la microélectronique." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2010. https://theses.hal.science/tel-00668137.
Full textPhase-Change Random Access Memories (PCRAM) are one of the most promising candidates for next generation of nonvolatile memories. However, this technology presents two major drawbacks: an archival life for high operating temperatures too short and power consumption too high. The first objective of this work was to develop new phase change materials by PVD to replace the common Ge2Sb2Te5 unsuitable for embedded applications. The second objective was to develop the targeted material by plasma-assisted MOCVD to assess the feasibility of confined devices requiring low operating currents. The study of binary GeTe material showed higher performance than Ge2Sb2Te5 including an estimated archival life up to ten years at 110°C. The impact of the incorporation of doping elements N and C in GeTe has been under evaluation for development of MOCVD. It has been shown a pronounced increase in thermal stability of doped materials that we explain by the formation of an amorphous phase of nitride or carbide during crystallization. Using a pulsed liquid MOCVD tool with plasma assistance allowed depositing GeTe thin films in crystalline or amorphous phase, with properties of phase transition similar to sputtered GeTe ones
Ahmad, Maha. "Nouveaux composants actifs pour la gestion énergétique de l'enveloppe légère des bâtiments. Couplage matériaux à changement de phase, super-isolation, apports solaires." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004GRE10167.
Full textThe objective of this study is the realization of building components incorporating a Phase Change Material (PCM) cou pied with a Vacuuri Insulation Panel (VIP) (i) to improve thermal inertia of the walls and comfort inside the buildings (ii) to build a light envelope. The study is shared in two parts. The first part deals with the thermal study of walls either experimentally or by numerical simulation in order to choose the panels and the PCMs. The second part concerns the study of two test-ce Ils with super-insulated light wallboards, one of them being equipped with PCM panels. Temperature and heat flux measurements allowed us to characterize the thermal behaviour of the two cells submitted to climatic conditions. A numerical simulation with the TRNSYS software has been carried out. This simulation required the implementation of a new computational module in the software. An excellent agreement was found with the experimental results over a large period of time (severé months) thus demonstrating the validity of the mode!. This study showed that the efficiency of PCM is remarkable with a reduction of the indoor temperature amplitude of approximately 20. C in the test-cell. The PCM structure showed significant heat storage and de-storage. PCM panels developed within the framework of this study seem interesting for future development