Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Matériau silice'
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Didier, Benoît. "Synthèse d'un matériau hybride polyimide/silice par voie sol-gel : Etude structure/propriétés." Chambéry, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005CHAMS022.
Full textThis work consisted to synthesize a hybrid material polyimide/silica by sol-gel process. The preparation of these materials has a problem of compatibility between the phases organic and inorganic. Silica and polymer do not have particular affinity and tend to create strong phase segregation. To avoid this phenomenon several solutions were reported ln the literature, like the use of coupling agent. In our case, we reduced this phenomenon by creating covalent bonds between polyimide and silica. For that, we fixed along the backbone of polyimide some functions alkoxysilanes which are reactive with silica functions. These functions will react with silica during the sol-gel process. We varied various parameters such as the grafting rate between polymer and silica, or catalyst used at the time of the sol-gel process. The continuation of work consisted in studying the various morphologies obtained according to the evolution of the parameters of synthesis. For that, we used various techniques such as the thermogravimetric analysis, the determination of density, the infra-red spectroscopy, or microscopy. This work enabled us to determine the silica rates, the size of the particles within the matrix and their state of dispersion. We also studied the microstructure of our materials per dynamic mechanical spectroscopy. Indeed, different morphologies have various effects on the reinforcement of silica. We thus could identify phenomena of percolation for some of our materials. In a last time, we studied the properties of gas permeation of our materials, in order to draw the great evolutions from the coefficients of permeability and selectivity according to the silica rate and from the rate of grafting between the organic and inorganic phase. We thus showed that the introduction of silica and the grafting of this one with polymer conducted to materials less permeable, but generally more selective
Vincent, Florence. "Du modèle matériau à la mécanique des systèmes : étude dynamique d'une liaison souple en silicone chargé de silice." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00584332.
Full textL'objectif principal de cette étude est de proposer un modèle de comportement mécanique du matériau intégrant la prise en compte de l'effet Payne afin de mieux prévoir la réponse dynamique de pièces anti-vibratoires en élastomère chargé et de permettre notamment une meilleure conception de ces pièces en fonction de leur utilisation (fréquence à atténuer, charge statique supportée ...). Ensuite, nous avons développé une chaîne de modèles allant du modèle de comportement matériau au modèle de substitution de la liaison souple intégrable dans un modèle dynamique de grand système, comme un avion par exemple. Pour cela, une méthode de réduction d'ordre de modèle a notamment été développée pour résoudre efficacement le problème paramétrique relatif à la construction du modèle de substitution.
Ainsi, dans un premier temps, une campagne d'essais dynamiques, caractérisés par une fréquence, une amplitude de déformation et une déformation statique, sur éprouvettes à la fois en cisaillement puis en compression a été menée. Ceux-ci ont notamment permis de caractériser l'effet Payne vis à vis de ces différents paramètres.
Ensuite, nous avons cherché à développer un modèle de comportement matériau permettant de simuler ces essais et donc de prédire la réponse dynamique de la liaison souple, notamment en terme de rigidité et de dissipation, quelles que soient les sollicitations statiques et dynamiques appliquées. Pour cela, un modèle de comportement hyperviscoplastique : le modèle DyMPPlEC, basé sur celui de Qi-Boyce, a été enrichi au Centre des Matériaux. Les paramètres matériau, associés au modèle développé, ont été identifiés à partir des données expérimentales sur un élément de volume représentatif puis le modèle a été validé sur une structure réelle.
Enfin, la capacité de ce modèle à prévoir l'effet Payne même pour des sollicitations dynamiques de déformation statique non nulle tout en intégrant l'effet Mullins a été mise en avant.
Labrosse, Arnaud. "Synthèse et caractérisation de silices pures et organiquement modifiées : propriétés complexantes en milieu aqueux." Nancy 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NAN10253.
Full textCuoq, Fabrice. "Fonctionnalisation d’un nouveau matériau pour le traitement de l’eau potable par floculation lestée." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM4337.
Full textThe purpose of this project was to improve a clarification process developed by VEOLIA Environment: The Actiflo®. The Actfilo® is based on adding microsand in the flocculation stage in order to increase the speed of sedimentation. However, a significant amount of polymeric flocculant is continuously added to the process, and residuals can be found in the decanted water. Our work was to graft a polymeric flocculant onto microsand in order to recycle the full hybrid material through hydrocycloning. Functionalization by "Grafting Onto" was based on grafting a commercial polymer onto microsand whereas “Grafting From” was based on surface-initiated polymerization. Flocculation properties of functionalized microsands were then tested in conventional coagulation/flocculation tests where the effectiveness of the two grafting methods was compared. Cationic functionalized sands, obtained by “Grafting From”, exhibit the best properties as a decrease of Dissolved Organic Carbon of 25% was reached whereas a decrease of 15% was reached by adding free polymer or adding sands from the “Grafting Onto” method. However final turbidity value was always slightly lower for the flocculation that occured when free polymer was added (- 0,5 NTU). Finally, regeneration processes to recycle the functionalized sands were established. The most effective of them being a treatment with Oxalic Acid. This treatment allowed us to regenerate flocculating properties of functionalized sands twice
Monnin, Yann. "Méthodologie pour décrire le gonflement multi-échelle de calcaires siliceux soumis à la réaction alcali-silice dans le matériau béton." Phd thesis, Université d'Artois, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00097676.
Full textLa présence d'un effet de pessimum dans les calcaires siliceux a été mise en évidence sur des formulations béton à base de sable et de gravillons calcaires siliceux réactifs. Un modèle chimique basé sur le gonflement du sable réactif et la fixation non expansive d'une part des alcalins par les tétraèdres silicates Q3 initiaux des gravillons décrit bien le phénomène observé.
Oulkadi, Djihad. "Gels de silice hybrides dopés en particules colloïdales de smectites pour l'étude des interactions bactérie/silicate." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0064/document.
Full textThis work deals with the study of bacteria/silicate interactions by using new hybrid materials, i.e. hybrid silica gel dopped with colloidal smectite particles (HSG). The aims are (1) to characterize HSG physicochemical properties and (2) to get a better knowledge about mineral/bacteria interactions. In a first part of the thesis, it is shown that HSG is a fractal silica network containing well-dispersed mineral particles. Hydrothermal treatment is necessary to stabilize the HSG structure. In the second part, it is shown that diffusion of organic acids and siderophores is sufficient to explain the high efficiency of bacterial action compared to abiotic treatments. Preventing bacterial adhesion or biofilm formation at the mineral surface permits to enhance the influence of metabolites diffusion. To conclude, the advantages and limits of using HSG in environmental studies are discussed
Pacard, Élodie. "Élaboration d'un matériau hybride à base de silice et de polyoxyéthylène : support de synthèse d'oligonucléotides utilisable dans le systèm du diagnostic." Lyon 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LYO10038.
Full textParadis, Fortin Laura. "Avenues de synthèse d’un matériau magnétique multifonctionnel à des fins de catalyse hétérogène." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/9754.
Full textGenévrier, Francine. "Études des réactions physico-chimiques dans des matériaux composites silicates en vue de l'élaboration de nouveaux stratifiés à matrice minérale." Nancy 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994NAN10040.
Full textDubois, Nicolas. "Comportement d'un nouveau matériau pour la cimentation de puits de pétrole : relations entre la structure particulaire et les propriétés rhéologiques." Orléans, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ORLE2034.
Full textVoisin, Hugo. "Mise en forme de nanocomposites par contrôle des interactions d'un métallogel fer-triazole avec la silice et étude des propriétés de transition de spin du matériau." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066654.
Full textIron-triazole coordination polymers have been extensively studied during the last two decades as a class of spin crossover compounds because of their hysteretic and abrupt spin crossover properties. Their use has been limited due to the difficulty to integrate them into a functional material which is still a challenge today. The main goal of this PhD. project is to address this issue by designing a metallogel reinforced by the adjunction of silica nanoparticles, allowing us to prepare a hybrid spin crossover nanocomposite. We achieved this aim by screening the physicochemical parameters of the system and carefully tuning of the experimental conditions. The resulting gel has been extensively characterized by different technics, allowing us to make assumptions for the role of each component of the system on its spin crossover properties. We improved its mechanical properties by in situ chemical vapour deposition of silica, forming a hybrid matrix by sol gel process. The resulting material is functional and easy to handle, and has been further characterized to conclude on the influence of this process on the composite spin crossover properties. Finally, a “bottom-up” approach of the iron-triazole polymer – silica system has been studied, with the aim of a triazole functionalized alcoxysilane precursor and the preparation of polymer wrapped silica nanoparticles in order to study their auto-assembling properties
Kassou, Belynda. "Mécanique des lits de silices granulaires pour l’optimisation des cœurs de panneaux isolants sous vide (PIV)." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSEI007/document.
Full textBuildings account for almost the half of the total energy consumption (60% for heating and cooling) and CO2 emissions in Europe. Thus, the control of energy consumption in building appears as critical. In that perspective, "super-thermal insulating" materials such as vacuum insulation panels (VIP) are promising, both for buildings renovation, and for new energy-efficient constructions. A VIP is composed by a sealed core material in which vacuum is established. The core is made of an open nanoporous stack of silica powders with very high porosity (> 90%) and very fine porous structure (< 200 nm). Two types of silica are typically used: first fumed silica (FS) which enable to process panels with a sufficient compression strength for handling for a density as low as 160 kg/m3, second precipitated silica (PS) which enable to process denser panels with a minimal density of about 250 kg/m3. VIPs made of FS powders are more efficient in terms of thermal and mechanical properties as compared of VIP made of PS powders. However, their price is higher. This study aims at understanding the differences in mechanical properties noted between compacted FS and PS powders. Oedometric compression tests and spherical indentation test were carried out on compacts of Konasil 200 FS silica and on compacts of Tixosil 43 and 365 PS silica. In addition, structural observations of the powders were made using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). These results permit to identify the parameters leading differences between FS and PS powders. Thus, surface chemistry, multiscale organization and interactions forces are highlighted to explain the differences in mechanical properties between compacts of FS and PS silica
Voisin, Hugo. "Mise en forme de nanocomposites par contrôle des interactions d'un métallogel fer-triazole avec la silice et étude des propriétés de transition de spin du matériau." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066654/document.
Full textIron-triazole coordination polymers have been extensively studied during the last two decades as a class of spin crossover compounds because of their hysteretic and abrupt spin crossover properties. Their use has been limited due to the difficulty to integrate them into a functional material which is still a challenge today. The main goal of this PhD. project is to address this issue by designing a metallogel reinforced by the adjunction of silica nanoparticles, allowing us to prepare a hybrid spin crossover nanocomposite. We achieved this aim by screening the physicochemical parameters of the system and carefully tuning of the experimental conditions. The resulting gel has been extensively characterized by different technics, allowing us to make assumptions for the role of each component of the system on its spin crossover properties. We improved its mechanical properties by in situ chemical vapour deposition of silica, forming a hybrid matrix by sol gel process. The resulting material is functional and easy to handle, and has been further characterized to conclude on the influence of this process on the composite spin crossover properties. Finally, a “bottom-up” approach of the iron-triazole polymer – silica system has been studied, with the aim of a triazole functionalized alcoxysilane precursor and the preparation of polymer wrapped silica nanoparticles in order to study their auto-assembling properties
Kudlinski, Alexandre. "Étude des non-linéarités d'ordre deux créées dans les verres de silice par poling thermique." Lille 1, 2005. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2005/50376-2005-Kudlinski.pdf.
Full textMoundoungou, Idriss. "Une étude de faisabilité pour une meilleure utilisation dans le matériau béton de granulats " potentiellement réactifs " vis-à-vis de la réaction alcali-silice." Phd thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00587058.
Full textNadar, Latifa. "Surfaces fonctionnalisées à base de nanoparticules métalliques pour l'optique et la photonique." Phd thesis, Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Etienne, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00700483.
Full textAbou, Diwan Elie. "Matériau composite de silice dopée par des nanoparticules magnétiques de ferrite de cobalt : influence de la structuration 3D sur le comportement spectral de l'effet Faraday." Thesis, Saint-Etienne, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STET4015/document.
Full textLT2C laboratory uses since recent years a low temperature sol-gel process to develop a magneto-optical composite material that is perfectly compatible with glass integrated optics. However, due to an actual low figure of merit, this material cannot be embedded on integrated non-reciprocal devices. In order to exalt the magneto-optical effects and figure of merit, the LT2C laboratory adopted a process based on opals to 3D structure the material. The selected process consists in elaborating direct opals by self-assembling monodisperse polystyrene microspheres on glass substrate. Those opals are then impregnated with a homogeneous solution of sol-gel silica precursors doped with cobalt ferrite nanoparticles. Resulting samples are later oven dried for 1 hour at 90°C. Finally, polystyrene spheres are dissolved in ethyl acetate to obtain a 3D structure formed by air voids in doped silica matrix. In this context, the objective of this thesis is to optimize the fabrication process of opals in order to improve their structural and magneto-optical quality. Furthermore, it consists in making a systematic study of the magneto-optical effect in these structures in order to investigate the spectral behavior of the Faraday effect and thus quantify the figure of merit. Analysis of SEM images and optical characterization prove that our elaboration process leads to the fabrication of opals with good structural and optical quality. Measurements of Faraday rotation and ellipticity as a function of applied magnetic field show hysteresis loops with an unambiguous non-reciprocal behavior. These observations highlight the magneto-photonic character of the doped inverse opals. A systematic spectral study of the magneto-optical effect in these 3D structures displays two peaks and an attenuation of Faraday rotation and ellipticity, respectively at the edges and the center of the photonic band gap. However, these significant spectral modifications do not increase the value of figure of merit. This ascertainment is primarily due to structural defects that lower the transmission magnitude of the doped inverse opals in comparison to a magneto-optical reference monolayer
Karman, Cheryl. "Génération électrochimiquement assistée de films sol-gel nanostructurés orientés : fonctionnalisation par « chimie click », caractérisation et applications." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0218/document.
Full textIn this work, we exploited the vertically-aligned mesoporous silica thin films generated by electro-assisted self-assembly (EASA). First of all, we present a study about the amplification of charge transfer of a repulsed anionic redox probes [i.e. Fe(CN)63-/4-] through the negatively charged silica film by using neutrally or positively charged redox probes [Fc(MeOH)2 or Ru(NH3)63+ respectively] through redox mediating processes. Furthermore, the functionalization can be conducted by combining EASA method to obtain azide-functionalized silica film and further letting it react with an ethynyl-bearing reactant (e.g. ethynyl-ferrocene) according Huisgen click chemistry. The resulting ferrocene-functionalized silica films are electroactive, involving an electron hopping mechanism between adjacent ferrocene moieties. The electrochemical oxidation of ferrocene into ferricinium ion generates positive charges that are compensated by the ingress of anions into the film, opening the door to possible indirect amperometric detection of non-electroactive anions by flow injection analysis. Operating in an electrolyte-free flow, each injection of an anion (e.g., NO3-) at an electrode biased at a suitable positive potential (i.e., +0.5 V) gave rise to an amperometric response proportional to the anion concentration. However, to avoid the decrease of the electrochemical signal due to the progressive consumption of ferrocene in multiple successive analyses, it was necessary to regenerate the electrode by reduction of ferricinium moieties, which can be achieved in-situ by square wave amperometry. The feasibility to apply such indirect amperometric detection scheme in suppressed ion chromatography (for detecting anions in mixture) was also demonstrated. The oriented mesoporous film can also be functionalized with ruthenium(II)bipyridyl complex [Ru(bpy)2(bpy’)]2+ using the same method. Optimization of the functionalization level is controlled electrochemically by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and monitored through the UV-vis spectra. Further study is conducted upon the charge transfer (electron hopping along the adjacent sites) and the mass transfer of the compensating counter anion through the mesochannels by varying the CV potential scan rate. The emission of the [Ru(bpy)2(bpy’)]2+-functionalized film and its quenching in the presence of oxygen are evidenced in both aqueous and organic solvent, giving opportunities to apply the film for different application, such as electrochemiluminescence sensor and oxygen detection. Lastly, the vertically-aligned mesoporous silica film is used as a hard template to grow polyanilinine nanofilaments. The growth of ordered polyaniline nanofilaments is controlled by potentiostatic polymerization. In such small pore template (2 nm in diameter), quasi-single PANI chains are likely to be produced. From chronoamperometric experiments and using films of various thicknesses (100−200 nm) it is possible to evidence the electropolymerization transients, wherein each stage of polymerization (induction period, growth, and overgrowth of polyaniline on mesoporous silica films) is clearly identified. The advantageous effect of mesostructured silica thin films as hard templates for the generation of isolated polyaniline nanofilaments is demonstrated from enhancement of the reversibility between the conductive and the nonconductive states of polyaniline and the higher electroactive surface areas displayed for all mesoporous silica/PANI composites. The possibility to control and tailor the growth of conducting polymer nanofilaments offers numerous opportunities for applications in various fields including energy, sensors and biosensors, photovoltaics, nanophotonics, or nanoelectronics
Waller, Vincent. "Relations entre composition des bétons, exothermie en cours de prise et résistance Fen compression." Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ENPC9909.
Full textIn a structural analysis, the temperature rise of concrete during hydration is an important parameter of the cracking control process. The heat produced by cement hydration or pozzolanic reactions (when a pozzolan-Portland cement binder is used) must thus be known. The aim of this study was to predict the heat generation on the basis of concrete mix-design. After a bibliographical review, an experimental program was conducted including many calorimetrix tests. To be able to predict the final amount of produced heat, the final degree of hydration of the Portland cement and the final pozzolanic activity of the mineral admixture were estimated. The cement heat of hydration was calculated on the basis of phases proportions. The heat of reaction of different pozzolans was measured by a specific test. A formula to calculate the thermal specific heat of concrete when temperature of degree of hydration vary is given. On the presented set of data (approximately 60 concrete formulas), the accuracy of the model is better than 2°C. The next step was the study of heat generation kinetics. It seems that it can be deduced from the cement hydration kinetics, characterises by a standard test, and the pozzolanic reaction kinetics which was shown to be approximately constant for a given pozzolan family. In other respects, the study of the way pozzolans contribute to concrete compressive strength led to propose a enrichment of an existing model which was then validated on a large amount of experimental data given by different bibliographical sources. This last step made it possible to compare the contributions of pozzolans to heat generation and to strength
Abadian, Hagop. "Prebiotic Organization of Biomolecules on Mineral Surfaces." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021SORUS035.
Full textThis thesis reports on the adsorption of two amino acids (AA) with different properties, Leucine and Glutamic acid, on the amorphous silica surface. It exemplifies a general approach to hybrid systems that combines experimental information and molecular modeling in order to characterize at the molecular level the interaction of organic molecules with adsorption sites on the surface of inorganic minerals. State-of-the-art spectroscopic techniques, chiefly IR spectroscopy and solid-state NMR, were used to gather information on the functional groups of the amino acids and the way they were modified by the adsorption. In conjunction with macroscopic characterization techniques such as X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), which allowed the identification of the parameters that govern surface speciation chiefly the activity of water as well as the competition between site adsorption and precipitation as a separate crystal phase. For both amino acids, experimental data indicate that adsorption involves the formation of specific H-bonds with groups of surface silanols. DFT modeling showed that stable H-bonded adducts can indeed be formed involving silanols, one amino acid molecule and several molecules of water – anhydrous models did not correspond to the experimental observations, especially regarding the observed prevalence of zwitterions. Theoretical values of NMR chemical shifts were calculated and corresponded quite well with the experimental values, once again favouring microsolvated models. Amide formation occurred at moderate temperatures. When adsorbed alone, Glu mostly converted to the cyclic form, pyroGlutamic acid, while Leu was mostly transformed to the cyclic dimer, cyclo(Leu-Leu). Both forms may be considered as “dead ends”. In contrast, when they were adsorbed together on the silica surface, they gave rise to the formation of linear oligopeptides that may be considered as a first step towards the emergence of proteins
Milandri, Arnaud. "Détermination des paramètres radiatifs d'un isolant fibreux : théorie de Mie, oscillateurs de Lorentz et méthode inverse." Nancy 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NAN10187.
Full textThis work is devoted to the study of the radiative properties of fibrous media formed by silica fibre. The determination of these properties is essential in order to make a modelisation of thermal transfer. Two approaches are used to characterise the media. A first approach is a method based on the study of the interaction between matter and radiation using the MIE theory. The model obtained depends only on optical parameters (indices of silica) and on morphological parameters (diameter and orientation of fibres, density of the medium). Simulations make it possible to insist on the strongly anisotropie behaviour of the scattering of the radiation by a fibre and to study the influence of various parameters on the radiative properties of the medium. The use of the model of LORENTZ oscillators enables to establish the link between the modes of vibration within the silica and the properties of the medium with respect to the radiation. The results of the MIE theory make possible the simulation of the heat transfer coupled by radiation and conduction. The second approach is an inverse method based on experimental measurements of bidirectional reflection and transmission. Silica wool and fabric samples are studied by using an apparatus formed by goniometric device and a monochromator with gratings. The inverse method allows, by the means of a model of least squares, the determination of the radiative properties of the medium: albedo, optical thickness and coefficients of the phase function. A new model of phase function taking into account HENYEY and GREENSTEIN functions associated with a LORENTZ function is used. Our results achieved with the inverse method are close to those obtained by the MIE theory. The variations come from the heterogeneity of the medium, the experimental protocol and the necessarily simple model to identify a reduced number of parameters in inverse method
Gehin, Cécile. "Synthèse et propriétés électrorhéologiques de matériaux composites silice/silicone." Besançon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BESA2018.
Full textThe composite material formed from monodispersed silica nanospheres dispersed in silicone oil form a so-called electrorheological fluid. The silica spheres were synthesized by alkoxysilane hydrolysis that was optimized in order to control the final size and monodispersity of the spheres. The description of the electrorheological phenomena is based on a theoretical approach of the interparticular interactions under the influence or not of an applied electric field. Experimentally, the flow properties of the fluids agreed well with the theory. The yield stress increased with the amount of water adsorbed on the particles at low shear rate, but the reversibility of the system was poor. It was greatly improved when the surface properties were modified by adsorption of hydrated alkaline cations on the silica particles. The fluid structure was deduced from small angle neutron scattering data. The particles were found to be organized in chain-like structures in the electric field direction
Comby, peyrot Isabelle. "Développement et Validation d'un Outil Numérique Tridimensionnel pour décrire l'Endommagement et la Fissuration causés par la Réaction Alcali-Silice dans les Structures en Béton." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2006. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00002096.
Full textVaton-Chanvrier, Laurence. "Synthèse et greffage sur silice de dérivés de l'acide cholique. Evaluation de l'énantiosélectivité par chromatographie liquide haute performance." Rouen, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ROUES078.
Full textFaure, Basile. "Fabrication et caractérisation de fibres optiques en silice dopées au thulium : Influence de l'environnement des terres rares sur l'amplification dans la bande S." Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011556.
Full textGoubert-Renaudin, Stéphanie. "Synthèse, caractérisation et réactivité en milieu aqueux de matériaux à base de silice fonctionnalisée par des ligands dithiocarbamate et cyclame." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NAN10127/document.
Full textDithiocarbamate- and cyclame-functionalized mesoporous silicas have been prepared and characterized. Their reactivity in aqueous medium has been investigated to evaluate their potential use as electrochemical sensors. A novel one-step route towards dithiocarbamate-silicas has been developed thanks to the original synthesis of siloxydithiocarbamate precursors. This is based on the direct grafting of the precursor onto the silica surface. Mesoporous silicas (ordered or not, i.e., K60, SBA15, MCM41) functionalized with dithiocarbamate moieties have thus been obtained. Analogous materials have also been prepared according to the sole two-step procedure available to date in the literature (reaction of CS2 onto an amino-silica). The interest of the proposed approach compared to the one previously reported is to access undamaged dithiocarbamate-modified silicas, free of remaining amino groups, displaying better efficiencies for Hg(II) uptake. Three cyclam derivatives bearing 1, 2 or 4 silylated arms have been grafted onto mesoporous silicas (K60 and SBA15). Increasing the silylation degree improves the material stability in aqueous medium without preventing the leaching of the organic moiety usually observed for amino-silicas. Higher stability of the material, poorer reactivity towards protons and Cu(II) binding have been noticed. Cu(II) uptake process seems to be rate-limited by the kinetics associated to complex formation rather than mass-transfer rates into the porous matrix. Incorporation of these materials into carbon paste electrodes has led to a selective amperometric sensor for Cu(II)
Cheikh, Ibrahim Ajfane. "Synthèse des matériaux hybrides organiques inorganiques multifonctionnalisés." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON20067/document.
Full textThe aim of this work was focused on the structuration and the functionalization of organic-inorganic hybrid materials by the sol-gel process.The synthesis and characterization of new proton conductive membranes for fuel cell proton exchange membrane (PMFC), was prepared in the first part. Hybrid membranes based on polyethylene glycol highly functionalized with sulfonic acid have been synthesized and characterized through a physicochemical and proton conductivity. They have good mechanical properties, a sufficient chemical stability and a performant proton conductivity to be used as an electrolyte in fuel cell proton exchange membrane.In the second part, we have developed hybrid mesoporous materials with porous multifunctionalized in the presence of surfactant nonionic block copolymer (P123). Two probes were used for this study: the proton exchange capacity and the control of the growth of gold nanoparticles in the pores
Chal, Bruno. "Vieillissement thermohygrique de silices nanostructurées, vers une compréhension des mécanismes." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEI090.
Full textReducing greenhouse gas emissions and energy consumption imply to promote the energetic efficiency of buildings, first share of consumption in France (40%). The goals is to rehabilitate the entire building stock by 2050 with a 500 000 building thermal retrofitting rate per year.Superinsulation materials (SIM), with a thermal conductivity between 4 and 20 mW.m-1.K-1, offer the opportunity to suitably insulate with a low thickness, improving architectural flexibility. All superinsulation products (Vacuum Insulation Pannels (VIP), Superinsulation Materials at Atmospheric Pressure (SIAP)) are based on nanostructured materials and mainly on silica, which drastically lowers the skeletal and gaseous conductivities (Knudsen’s law). Their structural and textural properties (porosity > 92 %, nano-pores, 200 m²/g plus petit Specific Surface Area plus petit850 m²/g), as their chemical characteristics (different chemical groups at the surface), drive their thermal efficiency but also open the way for evolutions in case of exposition to harsh atmospheres (Temperature and Relative Humidity). Comprehension of physico-chemical phenomena taking part in ageing is thus compulsory to ensure efficient and durable materials at affordable price. This is the aim of this PhD thesis carried out a set of commercial products (divided silica or aerogels). The original approach proposed in this work combines local, multi-scale and global techniques (gaz sorption measurement, mercury porosimetry, TEM, electron tomography, SANS, FTIR, TGA…) and rests on several ageing conditions, which are intended to highlight driving mechanisms. Due to the specificities of nanostructured amorphous silica (high porosity, sensibility…), the use of these techniques preliminarily required adaptation work, which includes parametric studies. Ageing is tracked down to the nano particle and neck size within agglomerate and associated to usual engineering values. This approach allows to demonstrate that chemical modifications (siloxane bridges hydrolysis, silanol groups condensation…) come along with textural and structural modifications (reduction of the specific surface area, shifting of the pore size distribution…). According to the type of silica or aerogel analysed, the intensity and the evolution scenario differ, and more specific mechanisms can be involved. The main mechanism identified implies a displacement of matter through water layers adsorbed on the surface (physical adsorption of water, dissolution/precipitation). Capillary forces at the nano scale are evidenced by coupled techniques. Thermal measurements confirmed that thermal efficiency withstands ageing with adequate design This upstream work on mechanisms offers a knowledge base and allows gaining clarity, thus confidence, regarding superinsulation materials future. It also gives hints to adapt the synthesis according to the application. Results acquired during this thesis could also implement modelling and simulation tools
Marins, Jéssica Alves. "Investigation de fluides électrorhéologiques sur la base des matériaux hybrides." Phd thesis, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01005319.
Full textBalas, Matthieu. "Sustainable catalytic process for the one-pot formation of cyclic carbonates through oxidation of alkenes and CO2 cycloaddition." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021SORUS068.
Full textThe objective of this project is to develop a comprehensive reaction for the synthesis of styrene carbonate from styrene in the presence of CO2 and a clean oxidant: O2. Salophen-R-M (R = Me2N, Et2N, tBu and M = Mn, Ni and Cr) catalysts were synthesized and their co-catalytic activity for the cycloaddition reaction of CO2 on styrene oxide was evaluated in the presence of Bu4NBr; Salophen-Me2N-Cr showed the best results: 99% yield obtained after 3h at 80°C. Salophen-R-M complexes were grafted onto mesoporous silica {NH2}-SBA-15 by covalent bonding. In parallel, the binding of quaternary ammonium salts was optimized by ex-situ grafting on SBA-OH. These catalytic materials were tested for the formation of styrene carbonate, with yields higher than those obtained in solution thanks to the synergy effect linked to the presence of silanols. The Salophen-Me2N-Cr catalyst was tested in the Mukaiyama epoxidation reaction of styrene in the presence of O2. A 50% yield of styrene oxide was obtained under reaction conditions similar to those used in cycloaddition. The overall reaction was performed in the presence of Bu4NBr and Salophen-Me2N -Cr catalysts at 80°C under 3.5 bar O2 and 11 bar CO2. A maximum yield of styrene carbonate of 31% was obtained after a two-step reaction of oxidation (3h) and cycloaddition (20h)
Fneich, Hussein. "Matériaux luminescents à base de silice dopés d’ions de terres rares." Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTS124/document.
Full textRare earth ions doped materials continue to be the subject of several researches thanks to their efficiency in the fields of photonics and their applications in amplifiers or optical fiber lasers. In this context, firstly, silica bulks (SiO2) doped with europium ions (Eu3+) were prepared by Sol-Gel process. The luminescence properties of rare earth ions were studied in these bulks, as well as in bulks co-doped with magnesium and heat-treated at 900°C. The optical properties of Eu3+ ions have also been studied in a very different environment: silica nanoparticles (NPSi). These different materials were characterized by ICP-OES, TEM, XRD, sorption analysis and FT-IR. The first part of this manuscript describes how the size of the NPSi, the amount of europium, the heat treatment and the presence of magnesium modify the photoluminescence properties of Eu3+ ions.The second axis of this work concerns the study of the reactivity of fluoride ions in the ternary system SiO2-GeO2-LaF3. Several binary and ternary mixtures were prepared and heat-treated at 1500°C and then studied by TGA, EDS-SEM, XRD and Raman spectroscopy. The evaporation of F- ions has been evidenced by a preferential reaction with silicon (to form SiF4) rather than with germanium. In the ternary system, we observed the formation of La2Si2O7 phase
Abi-Ghaida, Fatima. "Novel silylated closo-decahydrodecaborate precursors : design and immobilization on silica matrices." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON20144.
Full textNew borate-triethoxysilane precursors comprising the closo-decahydrodecaborate cluster were prepared and immobolized into hybrid silica materials. The synthesis of silylated clusters starting from (NH4)2B10H10 and silane precursors R-Si(OEt)3 through Electrophilic Induced Nucleophilic Reactions was performed under mild conditions, the silylated clusters were analyzed by 1H, 13C, 11B, 29Si, 31P NMR, IR, elemental analyses and mass spectroscopy ES-ESI. As a proof of concept, the borate-triethoxysilane precursors were covalently incorporated into the pores of mesoporous silica, SBA-15 type. All mesoporous materials modified with borate-triethoxysilane were characterized by 11B and 29Si solid state NMR, XRD, TEM, elemental analyses and Nitrogen sorption studies. The silylated-borate precursors were combined with dye-doped silica nanoparticles for possible future use in BNCT technique, where ~100 nm nanoparticles were synthesized comprising two different types of luminescent centers. Silylated FITC (fluorescein isothiocyanate) and silylated Eu(III) complexes were embedded into silica nanoparticles through sol-gel process. Both types of luminescent nanoparticles were functionalized with the silylated-borate clusters and characterized by 11B, 31P and 29Si solid state NMR, DLS, TEM, elemental analyses, Nitrogen sorption studies and spectrophotometer
Moitra, Nirmalya. "Silices hybrides fonctionnelles : matériaux dérivés d'alcaloïdes pour organocatalyse ; réactions "click" pour le sol˗gel." Thesis, Montpellier, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ENCM0003.
Full textThis thesis deals with the preparation of organic-inorganic hybrid silica based on cinchona alkaloids fragments and with a new method of synthesis for hydrolysable silylated precursors via CuAAC “click” reactions. The first part of this work is dedicated to a bibliographic presentation of the area of supported catalysis on hybrid materials and is mainly focused on supported organocatalysis, an emerging area of research. In the second part, different methods for immobilization of alkaloids within a silica matrix are described aiming at using them as organocatalysts for an asymmetric decarboxylation reaction. The third part is devoted to a new method of preparation of silylated precursors by CuAAC “click” reactions. This methodology shows a high potential in the formation of new functional compounds. Finally the synthesis of mesoporous silica nanoparticles bearing azide or alkyne groups and their post-functionalization by CuAAC reactions are presented
Epelde, Elezcano Nerea. "Matériaux Hybrides nanostructures photoactifs pour des applications optiques et biomédicales." Thesis, Pau, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PAUU3007/document.
Full textAlong this manuscript different hybrid materials are synthesized and extensively characterized for several uses: from optical to therapeutic applications. First, by the intercalation of different dyes, styryl 722 and pyronine-Y into several smectite clay films, macroscopically ordered system are obtained. Clay films are elaborated by spin-coating technique and the dyes are intercalated by the immersion of clay thin films into dye solutions. The effect of clay on the dye properties is deeply analyzed and its preferential orientation in the interlayer space of the clay is studied by the anisotropic response of the films to the linear polarized light. Second, large silica monoliths with embedded laser dyes with strong absorption and fluorescence bands in different region of the Visible spectrum are attained by sol-gel chemistry to obtain solid-state dye laser (SSDL) with good photo, thermal and chemical stabilities. Third, silica nanoparticles (NP) with suitable size (50 nm) and functionalized external surface are also synthesised by sol-gel chemistry. Through the encapsulation of fluorescent dye molecules in their core and by the grafting of photosensitizers on their shell, biocompatible nanoparticles for bio-imaging and Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) applications are prepared. In order to optimize their properties, a careful investigation of the photophysical properties and mainly the singlet oxygen generation of a large range of new photosensitizers based on chromophores known as BODIPYs, is previously carried out. Based on these results, some efficient BODIPYs are selected for grafting on silica nanoparticles in order to use them for PDT. The photophysical properties of all these hybrid materials are analyzed by absorption and fluorescence (steady-state and time correlated) spectroscopies, and the singlet oxygen measurements are monitored by direct method (recording the singlet oxygen luminescence at 1270 nm) and by indirect method (using selective chemical probe). Moreover, the hybrid materials are fully characterized by several techniques such as, SEM, TEM, XRD, XPS, IR, DLS, BET
Erman, Azad. "Séchage de nanocomposites à base de poly(acide méthacrylique) et de nanoparticules de silice, de la solution au solide." Thesis, Paris Est, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PESC1033.
Full textThe dispersion of nanoscale inorganic fillers within a polymer allows to modulate the mechanical properties of a material. One of the ways used to prepare these nanocomposite materials relies on solvent evaporation. The purpose is to monitor the drying of these materials and to study their evolution from the semi-dilute solution towards the solid state. The results obtained should help understanding the mechanisms involved during drying, their impact on the charge organization and on the mechanical behavior of the final nanocomposites. A stimulable system composed of a polymer matrix and a filler is used to modulate the interactions at the matrix-filler interface. A polyelectrolyte, poly (methacrylic acid), is used: its charge rate and conformation vary from neutral and globular at pH=3 to fully negatively charged and expanded conformation at pH=9. Silica nanoparticles with three different surface modifications are chosen in order to modify polymer adsorption on nanocharges.A first work is carried out in aqueous solutions to obtain information on the structuring of these systems in the semi-dilute regime and under conditions close to thermodynamic equilibrium. Phase diagrams of each system are analyzed by small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). It allows determining the distribution of silica at nanoscale. In order to understand the structuring processes during drying, two drying experiments in confined geometry are performed. The first is at the macroscopic length scale and concerns the drying of a drop. It allows the follow of the morphology but also of the polymer concentration at different stages of drying. The second is at the nanoscale where in-situ structural characterizations are carried out by SAXS during the drying process of a confined drop. The formation and evolution of the structures formed by the silica nanoparticles are studied during the drying of samples involving three types of silica and prepared at three pH values.Bulk materials are prepared at longer drying time and then structurally and mechanically characterized by combining SAXS, Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and microindentation techniques. The mechanical properties analyzed at several size scales (nanometric and micrometric) are compared for two materials prepared at pH=3 and pH=9. The degree of reinforcement of the elastic modulus is correlated to the structure formed by the silica nanoparticles
Le, Roy Robert. "Déformations instantanées et différées des bétons à hautes performances." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1995. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00529739.
Full textBoullanger, Arnaud. "Matériaux hybrides organiques - inorganiques. Structuration et contrôle de la multifonctionnalisation." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON20065.
Full textMesostructured hybrid materials (organic-inorganic) were prepared according two different ways: the sol-gel process on the one hand, the assembly of molecular hybrid 'bricks' on the other. In the first part, we focused on the one-pot synthesis of monofunctionalised cubic silicas (SBA-16) through the sol-gel process. Different organic functions were successfully introduced within the pores of the material (SH, CN, Cl, PO(OEt)2 and acac). Their accessibility was brought to light by complexation of lanthanide salts (europium) by acac moieties, but also by growing of gold nanoparticles within the pores, regularly distributed thanks to the SH groups. Thanks to their small size (2 nm) and their high accessibility, these supported nanoparticles could be used as catalysts. Secondly, our study was extended to bifunctional materials. 2-D hexagonal silicas (SBA-15) were functionalised by one-step synthesis within both pores and walls. Several organic groups were covalently included within the structure, which then allowed us to confine very closely two kinds of nanoparticles, able to interact between themselves at nanometric scale. The bimetallic material is consequently qualified as 'interactive'. The last part was dedicated to a new approach for the synthesis of 3-D structured materials, consisting in the assembly of hybrid molecular 'cages' (functionalised octasilsesquioxanes). Chloro terminations were chosen because of their easy conversion into acid or ionic moieties, able to self-assemble, driven by weak interactions such as H-bonds or electrostatic forces. The use of organic “linkers” such as cyclam groups was also considered to connect cages and anchor metallic ions
Balogh, Margareta Cristina. "New luminescent materials, bio-inspired and recyclabe, based on lanthanide complexes." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEN039.
Full textThe objective of this project was to explore recyclable lanthanide based materials suitable for replacing the oxides from compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs). Lanthanides, particularly Eu¹¹¹ and Tb¹¹¹ have been the main “ingredients” in phosphors due to their colour purity and sharp emission in the red and green range of the visible spectrum. Lanthanide tris-dipicolinates are water soluble complexes, known for their excellent photophysical properties which makes them great candidates for lighting. The thesis describes the study of Eu¹¹¹ and Tb¹¹¹ tris-dipicolinate complexes in the crystalline form with different cations, as well as more complex systems like mixed co-crystals and core/shell crystals. The Eu¹¹¹ and Tb¹¹¹ complexes were also used as dopant in mesostructured silica materials via an incipient wetness impregnation method leading to homogeneous materials. The photophysical properties these different materials were thoroughly studied and a significant exaltation of the emission was evidenced in the silica. In particular, the influence of the O-X oscillators was explored and determination of the intrinsec quantum yield gave a clearer image on this exaltation. The recyclability of the lanthanide complexes from the material has been proven with high rates. Finally, white light emitting materials were obtained by mixing red, green and blue emitters. The naphthalimide moiety was chosen as blue emitter and white luminescence was successfully obtained in the solid state and for a silica material, representing a first generation of recyclable white light emitting materials based on lanthanide tris-dipicolinate complexes
Wartenberg, Nicolas. "Développement de nano-traceurs à base d’organolanthanides pour applications biologiques et marquage de matériaux." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO10224/document.
Full textThis work deals with the elaboration of luminescent nanoparticles based on organolanthanides forbioimaging and optical coding. The organolanthanides were embedded without covalent linking inorder to preserve their remarkable luminescent properties and chemical stability. Two differenttypes of nanoparticles have been studied: polymer latexes and silica particles that were bothsynthesized in dispersed media.The silica nanoparticles were synthesized by a reverse microemulsion-mediated sol-gel process. Twoluminescent lanthanide chelates originally dissolved into water droplets were physically trapped intothe amorphous silica during its formation. A novel method based on a radioactive Eu(III) probe hasbeen developed to study the incorporation process. The physicochemical properties of the differentchelates had a strong influence on their localization within the particles and on the measuredincorporation efficiencies. This study finally allowed us to investigate the effect of Gd(III) complexesconfinement into silica nanoparticles.Luminescent polymer latexes based on organolanthanides have been synthesized by miniemulsionpolymerization. Several organolanthanides exhibiting a ionic structure or a non-ionic structure havebeen efficiently embedded into latex particles by simple dissolution in the corresponding monomers.For the ionic lanthanide chelate, a cationic surfactant was used to maintain the organolanthanidecomplex inside the droplets and guaranty and efficient incorporation. The resulting polymericluminescent nanoparticles showed excellent stability over leakage and a high loading capacity. Thisparticular ligand is able to efficiently sensitize over ten luminescent lanthanides, emitting in thevisible, the NIR or both regions. This allowed us to generate a large variety of color codes based onluminescence by tuning the emission signal using several lanthanide ions
Cassagne, David. "Matériaux à bandes interdites photoniques." Montpellier 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON20053.
Full textDentinger, Mike. "Breakable silica nanoparticles for the in vitro and in vivo delivery of biomolecules." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAF057.
Full textThe research work presented throughout this thesis focuses on the development of organo-hybrid mesoporous silica nanoparticles for their applications in nanomedicine and crop industry. Disulfide doped silica nanocarriers, able to break down in small pieces in presence of the intracellular reductive environment have been tailored. A large pore stimuli-responsive system was developed to deliver a PLK1 siRNA within hepatocellular carcinoma cells demonstrating promising results both in vitro and in vivo. The particles were further used to deliver a venom peptide, often utilized as esticide in the crop industry. The breakable nanocarriers were further miniaturized for the delivery of chemotherapeutic agents within human glioblastoma cells. The system presented a faster delivery compared to the commercially available liposomal form. Finally, Reactive-Oxygen-Species-responsive mesoporous silica nanoparticles were developed and demonstrated fast breakability upon incubation with singlet oxygen
Pasternak, Nicolas. "Synthèses de matériaux mésoporeux et nanoparticulaires plus écologiques à base de silicium et titane." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CERG0911.
Full textSilica and titanium oxides are present in many fields (chemistry, environmental, medical, pharmaceutical, etc…). The main problem of these materials concerns the synthesis financial and environmental costs. In this work, the aim was to solve this problem. A new greener silica oxide nanoparticles synthesis was prepared. These nanomaterials have been analyzed by the conventional characterization methods in material sciences (N2 volumetric adsorption, Thermogravitometric Analysis (TGA),...). The viscoelastic properties of the reaction media were determined by micro-rheology. A strategy for the elimination of non-ionic surfactant families (poloxamers and polyethylene oxide) ) used as template in the synthesis of mesoporous materials based on silica (SBA-n, MSU-X, ....) was also implemented. This procedure allowed to recover the surfactants and to obtain materials with remarkable physicochemical properties identified by the same methods instrumentation. After functionalization of the surface, the washed materials appear to be more efficient in terms of adsorption of organic compounds as their calcined counterparts. Extended to titanium oxide, the washing process seems to produce from a percentage of TiO2 (> 70%) highly reactive materials in photocatalysis and with a high antibacterial power
Vinas, Jérôme. "Matériaux hybrides polymères-particules de silice : synthèse et caractérisation." Phd thesis, Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00343397.
Full textA notre connaissance, il s'agit du premier exemple d'une polymérisation amorcée depuis la surface de nano-particules de silice en phase aqueuse.
Menessier, Erik. "Matériaux composites à matrice vitreuse ou vitrocéramique base silice." Bordeaux 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BOR10710.
Full textMenessier, Erik. "Matériaux composites à matrice vitreuse ou vitrocéramique base silice." Bordeaux 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BOR10638.
Full textSábio, Rafael Miguel. "Nanohybrides luminescents à base de silice et de complexes hétérobimétalliques d-f silyles." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30399/document.
Full textThe design of heterobimetallic luminescent complexes has gained growing interest in recent years due to their unique photophysical properties. More specifically, the development of heterobimetallic complexes using d-block chromophores to sensitize the near-infrared (NIR) emission of lanthanide complexes (such as Nd(III) and Yb(III)) has received significant attention taking into account their longer emission wavelengths and the interest of the NIR emission which penetrates human tissue more effectively than UV light. These properties give them potential applications in medical diagnostics or biomedical assays. Transitions to excited state levels of transition metal complexes occurring in the visible and characterized by large absorption coefficients, could efficiently sensitize f-f levels of Ln(III) ions. In this work new d-f heterobimetallic complexes containing silylated ligands were prepared supported on silica materials. [Ru(bpy)2(bpmd)]Cl2 (labeled Ru), [Ru(bpy)(bpy-Si)(bpmd)]Cl2 (labeled RuL) and [Ln(TTA-Si)3] (labeled LnL3) and d-f heterobimetallic complexes, Ru-LnL3 and Ln-RuL (Ln = Nd3+, Yb3+) were prepared. Structural characterization was carried out by Raman Scattering, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopies. Results obtained from 1H-13C HMBC and HSQC correlation NMR spectra confirm the formation of proposed complexes. Photophysical properties studies highlight the efficiency of Ru-Ln energy transfer processes in NIR-emitting lanthanide complexes mediated by conjugated bridging ligand (2,2'-bipyrimidine). Lifetime measurements were carried out and values of quantum yield for energy transfer (?ET) between 30 and 84 % could be evaluated. ?ET of 73.4 % obtained for the Yb-RuL complex is the largest value reported for Ru(II)-Yb(III) heterobimetallic complexes so far. Grafting on different silica matrix was also demonstrated. SiO2-Ru, SiO2-NdL3 and SiO2-YbL3 nanohybrids were obtained with grafting efficiencies from 0.08 to 0.18 mmol g-1 of silica.[...]
Fontecave, Thomas. "Elaboration et étude de matériaux mésostructurés pour le relargage de principes actifs." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066644.
Full textSub-micrometric mesoporous hybrid silica particles are good candidates as drug delivery platforms. Drug molecules can be carried in the inner porosity and released in the target cells or tissues. The drug release rate is tunable thanks to the control of the mesostructuration and the pore wall surface chemistry. The functionalization of the outer surface can affect stealthness, biodistribution, toxicity and cell entry. In this work, we first showed that chemical modification is an extremely efficient way to tune dissolution rates. Kinetic constants were determined thanks to a new in situ ellipsometric technique: a thin film sample is immersed in the aqueous medium while their optical properties are measured by ellipsometry. We studied as well the dissolution behavior of drug-loaded materials. These materials were original as they were made by one-pot silica condensation around self-assembled drug molecules. New architectures of vectors were designed. A core-shell structure was made by mesostructured silica condensation around a nano-emulsion of hydrophobic drug. Iron oxide nanoparticles were added by using the Pickering emulsion phenomenon, for the magnetic properties. It was shown that the catalytically active surface of iron oxide nanoparticles could be used for triggering drug release. Finally, particles with big pores (=50 nm) were made for biologic macromolecules delivery purposes
Collins, Martha. "Étude des effets des nanoparticules de silice sur la détection électrochimique des ions à l’interface liquide-liquide." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0136/document.
Full textThe interface between two immiscible electrolyte solutions (ITIES) can act as a scaffold for the assembly of nanometer-sized objects. The assembly of nanoparticles at liquid-liquid interfaces has numerous advantages – the nanoparticles do not require engineering, can assemble given proper conditions, are practically non-degrading and easily renewable. Research is ongoing into their use as a platform for tunable optical devices, sensors and catalysis. The adsorption of both dense and mesoporous silica nanoparticles at the ITIES was studied by AC voltammetry. Their interactions with methylene blue (MB+) and Eosin B (EB-), selected as a model ions, were studied by cyclic voltammetry and UV/Vis absorption spectroscopy. The thermodynamic constants of adsorption of MB+ were found to be 1.66 105 and 3.68 103 onto dense and mesoporous silica nanoparticles respectively. The difference of adsorption constants for the two types of silica was explained by their differing ionisation states. The Gibbs energy of transfer of MB+ is shifted by -8.9 kJ mol-1 in the presence of dense silica nanoparticles, giving some insights to the transfer mechanism of MB+ in presence of nanoparticles. Combining the ability of silica to adsorb onto the ITIES and their affinity for MB+, MB+ was accumulated at the ITIES and so an increase in sensitivity of electrochemical detection was achieved. Eosin B demonstrated no affinity for the silica nanoparticles and its transfer at the ITIES was not influenced by their presence. Next the focus was placed on improving the selectivity of the interaction by synthesising imprinted silica nanoparticles, more specifically, Diclofenac-imprinted dense silica nanoparticles. This drug was chosen as it is a commonly used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug which has been placed on the European watch list of emerging pollutants. The thermodynamic constants were calculated as 7.47 108 for Diclofenac-imprinted silica and only 2.96 107 for non-imprinted silica. Thus the presence of imprint cavities greatly influences the affinity of diclofenac for the silica nanoparticles. The analogues of Diclofenac (Aceclofenac, Acid diclofenac, 4-phenyl azo benzoic acid) were shown to have a very limited affinity for the imprinted particles. Electrochemical experiments at the liquid-liquid interface revealed that the diclofenac transfer is blocked by the presence of imprinted particles
Motos, Blanca. "Silices fonctionnalisées contenant des espèces ioniques pour la catalyse hétérogène." Thesis, Montpellier, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ENCM0015.
Full textHeterogenous catalysis is an area in continuous development due to economical, health and environmental issues. This thesis deals with the preparation of i-silica materials for the posterior application in heterogeneous catalysis. First, di-aryl imidazolium containing silica materials were synthesized by post-grafting reactions on mesoporous SBA-15. Moreover, di-alkyl imidazolium containing PMO films were prepared in presence of an anionic surfactant. Then, supported copper and palladium N-heterocyclic carbenes were synthesized from di-aryl imidazolium silica and applied to A3 reactions (Cu-NHC) and Suzuki cross-coupling reactions (Pd-NHC). Imidazolium functionalized silicas were also utilized as heterogeneous organocatalysts in Henry reactions and in reactions of cycloaddition of carbon dioxide to epoxides. Finally, PMO type materials containing amine/ammonium and zwitterionic substructures were applied to Henry and Biginelli organocatalysed reactions, respectively
Theron, Christophe. "Silices hybrides à reconnaissance moléculaire comme matériaux innovants pour des applications biomédicales : de la synthèse des précurseurs à l'évaluation in vitro des nanoparticules." Thesis, Montpellier, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ENCM0008.
Full textIn this thesis hybrid organic-inorganic silicas have been synthesized and studied for applications in health field.The synthesized polysilylated precursors are based on triazine derivatives including donor-acceptor-donor molecular recognition motifs which can complex complementary compounds, like cyanuric acid, via hydrogen bonds. Hybrid bulk materials as well as nanoparticles, with or without complex, are obtained upon nucleophilic catalysis from these precursors and are shown to be pH-sensitive since a slightly acidic pH could destabilize the complex.In addition, such type of precursors is also used to functionalize MCM-41 nanoparticles in order to prepare nanomachines. In vitro studies showed the efficiency of these systems with significant cell death for breast cancer